la recherche institute of high pressure physics l’usine metalurgique „huta warszawa”...
TRANSCRIPT
La recherche
Institute of High Pressure PhysicsL’usine metalurgique „Huta Warszawa”
L’industrie
La sud de la Pologne
et les problématiques de l’environnement en Pologne
vu par l’Ecole Polytechnique de VarsovieJan PlutaFaculté de Physique
Perspectives énergétiquesde la Pologne
La PremiereCooperationFranco-Polonaise
France
Pologne
France
Pologne
(comparaison)
et
Pologne France Rapport Pl/Fr
surface 322 577 km² 547 026 km² 0.59
population 38 189 000 60 656 178 0.63
densité de
population
123 pers./km² 111 pers./km² 1.108
Perspectives énergétiquesde la Pologne
Current status:
Production of electric energy (2005)
approx. 150 TWh.
It is sufficient for the needs of country.
Conclusion:
No needs to build new electric power plants.
but
Poland: 150 TWh.
France: 580 TWh
It corresponds for Poland: 580TWh *0.6 = 348 TWh
More than two times more !!!
What is the reason for this difference?
1. Smaller needs of industry.2. Using of coal and/or other fuels – where the electricity
can be used.
comparison
http://www.biomasa.org/edukacja/odnawialnezrodlaenergii
Contribution of different sources of energy in the world production of electricity.
Contribution of different sources of energy in the production of electricity in Poland(95% - coal) Charbon 95 % !!!
Why we need new electric power stations?
• Development of industry and social infrastructure
• Decreasing of: CO2, SO2, NOX emission
• Diversification of the sources of energy
What new source of energy is suitable for Poland?
Coal – NO (emission of CO2, SO2, NOX +
diversification) Oil or gas, – NO (dependence on Russia ?) Renewable sources of energy:
Water – already used Wind – OK. but insufficient Geothermal sources – too low source temperature Sun – OK. but insufficient Biomass – unrealistic and unreasonable
Nuclear – OK. but....................
... and what about the windmills?I do not like such view.I prefer rather this, (les cigognes)
...and I am sure that the birds are of the same opinion.
Today there are more than 400 nuclear power
reactors in operation in 31 countries around the
world. Generating electricity for nearly 1 billion
people, they account for approximately almost
17 percent of worldwide electricity generation
and provide half or more of the electricity in a
number of industrialized countries.
Nuclear – OK. but....................
• Czarnobyl – Society say – „No more!”
• Coal resources sufficient for 30 – 50 years
• Future of the coal mining industry (mines
and miners) ??? (social problem)
• No experts in Poland (The construction of first
nuclear power plant in Poland was stopped after the
Czarnobyl disaster.)
Coal or Nuclear energy – Competition.
Unacceptable!
Is it possible to change
competition cooperation (?)
„That is the question”
Up to now the nuclear plants were only used for the production of electric energy.
... but maybe there are some other possibilities?
High-temperature nuclear plants of 4-th generation
can be the solution of the problem, as:
electric energy production,
Coal gas or liquid fuel
natural source exist in Poland (coal)
Social problem resolved (miners)
Independence on the source of liquid/gas fuels (Russia)
High (9000C) temperature useful for many technological
processes, e.g. production of Hydrogen.
Some numbers on Hydrogen production and application
• The world production of Hydrogen in 2004 is more than 50 millions ton.
• 95% of Hydrogen is produced from the natural gas
• 50% is used for the production of fertilizer artificial
• 40% is used by the oil refinery• 97% is produced close to the location of its
application• 10% - year increase of world production of
Hydrogenhttp://web.mit.edu/pebble-bed
Hydrogen in Poland today:Nitrogen processing
2 miliards m3 of natural gas used for the production of Hydrogen and ammonia:
CH4 + 2H2O CO2 +4H2
N2 + 3H2 2NH3
High temperature reactor could diminish the year using of natural gas up to some hundreds of millions m3.
System for Hydrogen production at the Płock refineryis using up to 100 thousands m3/h what is making possible to produce 80 thousands tons of Hydrogen per year.This hydrogen is then used for the processes like hydrokraking to produce light hydrocarbons from the heavy fraction of oil.
High temperature reactor used in the oil refinery could increase the year production of commercial liquid fuels up to some hundreds of ton (and/or decrease the using of oil)
Hydrogen in Poland today:oil refinery
High temperature reactor in small and efficient power plant
• Thanks to high temperature, T = 900 oC, the efficiency of the change of heat to electricity is about 45%
• In the case of coal plant this efficiency is less than 40%, and for currently working nuclear plants is about 35%
• The possibility of construction of small, efficient end ecological coal plant is unrealistic
Small, efficient nuclear power plant will make competition for gas power plant – not for a large coal plant.
Heat of the reactor for the coal processing and production of gas and liquid fuel
The first stage of synthetic petrol production is carbon processinfg for gas:C + H2O CO + H2
In the next stages the CO2 is removed from the synthetic gas and the synthesis of hydrogen with carbon oxide is making:17H2 + 8CO C8H18 + 8H2O
This technology is well known but is expensive and strenuous for the environment. Some tons of coal should be used to change on ton for the synthetic petrol.The heat from the high temperature reactor will make possible to change even some hundreds of tons of coal for liquid fuel and this process will be friendly for the environment.
Hydrogen the fuel of the future
Hydrogen is seen as a fuel of the future but will become it only when some condition are fulfilled:
• Efficient, cheep and clean technologies of Hydrogen production
• Systems of hydrogen storage• Fuel cells, making efficiently electricity from
Hydrogen and Oxygen
High temperature reactor in the industrial centre
Reactor
Electricity
Hydrogen
Technological heat T = 900 oC
Fuel elements of high temperature reactor
Fuel element design
Fuel sphere(Φ = 6 cm)
Half-section
Graphite layer (5mm)
Coated particle (Φ ≈ 1mm)
Coated particles imbedded inGraphite Matrix
Some layers ofdifferent materials for safety
Fuel (uranium dioxide) (Φ = 0,5 mm)http://www.pbmr.com
Construction of high temperature reactor
http://web.mit.edu/pebble-bed/index.html
Reaktor wysokotemperaturowy
http://web.mit.edu/pebble-bed/index.html
And what with the radioactive waste?
Reactor use some tens of tons of fuel par year.
• Storage of radiactive waste will be near the reactor duriong approx. 50 years of reactor operation and 50 years after the end of work.
• The storage place do not need a forced cooling
• From the very begin the fuel is in almost nondestructive microcapsules
• The recycling of fuel is not predicted.
Conclusion:
The high temperature 4-th generationnuclear reactoris a good solutionfor Poland.
...and what about the future generations?
THE NUCLEAR FUSION
Tokamak
ITERIn
Cadarache
(FRANCE)
"тороидальная камера в магнитных катушках"
Warsaw University of Technology
History since 1826
the main building of WUT
Students: 30 000 Academic staff: 2500 other staff: 2000 17 faculties
Welcome to
“Gaudeamus igitur...”
Warsaw University of Technology
Celebration of the new Academic Year
Warsaw University of Technology
Celebration
of the new
Academic Year
Ecole Polytechnique de Varsovie – la structure
• Faculté d’Architecture
• Faculté de Chimie
• Faculté d’Electronique et Techniques d’Information
• Faculté d’Electrotechnique
• Faculté de Physique
• Faculté de Géodésie et Cartographie
• Faculté de Génie Chimique et de Génie des Procédés
• Faculté de Génie Civil
• Faculté de Génie des Matériaux
• Faculté de Génie de Production
11.Faculté de Génie de l’Environnement12.Faculté des Mathématiques et Sciences d’Information13.Faculté d’Energétique et de Génie Aérospatial14.Faculté de Mécatronique15.Faculté des Voitures et Machines Lourdes16.Faculté de Transport17.Faculté de Génie Civil, Mécanique et Pétrochimie
• Collège des Sciences Sociales et d’Administration• Collège des Sciences Economiques et Sociales• Ecole des Affaires (Bussiness School)• Centre Inter – facultés de Biotechnologie• Ecole des Sciences Techniques et Sociales
Ecole Polytechnique de Varsovie – la structure(suite)
Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology
Divisions: •Complex systems •Optics•Semiconductors•Solid State Ionics•Condensed Matter Structure•Solid State Technology•Nuclear Physics•Nonlinear Optics
Divisions: •Complex systems •Optics•Semiconductors•Solid State Ionics•Condensed Matter Structure•Solid State Technology•Nuclear Physics•Nonlinear Optics
Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology
Some important events at the Faculty
Ceremony of Marie Curie fellowships awards... led by prof. Gerard ‘t Hooft.
Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology
Some important events at the Faculty
Meeting of
Polish
Physicists
September
2005
Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology
Some important events at the Faculty
Festival of
science
2005
„Physics
under the
sails and
wings”
„Połowinki”
Cooperation with EMN
Cooperation agreementsigned 24 March 1997
by director of EMN Mr. Germinet and rector of WUT Mr. Woźnicki
during the visitof EMN delegation in Warsaw
After - Rapid development of cooperation in research and education
Before - scientific cooperation since 1991: experiments: E183, E193, E286 at GANIL, and NA44 at CERN
Cooperation agreement (in Polish)
Visit of the delegation from WUT with the Rector (J. Woźnicki) at EMN
Cooperation of teachersExchange of students
Common research
Three base elementsof cooperation
An idea of Mr Germinet
Exchange of students
Industrial Training of EMN
students in Poland
Research training of
WUT students in France
International student project (PCI)
Number of students, (months) = 31, (93)
Examples of placements:
• Metallurgic Plant “Warszawa-Luccini”
• Polish Telecom “TPSA”
• Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology
• Institute of Aviation
• Cancer Therapy Centre in Kielce
• Establishment for Nuclear Equipment in Swierk
• Warsaw University of Technology
3-months Industrial Training of EMN
students in Poland (1997 - 2005)
Research training of students from WUT at EMN (1997 -2004)
Number of students+tutors, (months) = 54, (85)
The subjects of research projects:
•Analysis of the results from E286 experiment at GANIL
•Data Base system for SSD detector of STAR experiment
•System of Data Acquisition for STAR-SSD
•Data Base for the construction of ALICE detector
•Non-identical particle correlations measured by STAR
•Three-dimensional Imaging Technique
International student project (PCI)
Autumn 1998 – „Application of semiconductor detectors for
sterilisation of medical materials”
Autumn 2000 – new projects with two faculties of WUT
Autumn 2001 – realisation of PCI project on Radon... (spontaneous visit of EMN students in Warsaw)
----------------------------Autumn 2002 - realisation of the next PCI project etc...
January 2001 – exchange of students (in both directions) between EMN at WUT in the frame of PCI
Autumn 99 – 3 common student projects with Faculty
of Physics and Faculty of Environmental Engineering
PCI project 2001/2002 “Radon radiation in private and public buildings”
...and makes the real measurementswith French and Polish studentsin December 2001.
Dr Wolkowicz from Polish Geological Institutedemonstrates the instrumentfor radon measurements...
Consultation ... just before...
...presentation
...and happy after presentation! Visit in the power plant „Kawęczyn”
Final report on PCI in 1999/2000 academic year in Warsaw
Cooperation of teachers
September 99 – (WUT=>EMN)
Visit at EMN of D. Soltyska – the head of Foreign Language Division at WUT
June 2000– (EMN=>WUT)Visit of the delegation of EMN in Warsaw (presentation of the principles of APA )
March 2002 – (WUT=>EMN)Visit of Prof. Galwas and Dr. Grabski at EMN, demonstration of distance laboratories for students
June 2002 – (WUT<=>EMN) “ALE’2002” - “Active Leaning in Engineering Education” organised by John Miller-Jones from EMN with participation of Jan Pluta from WUT
Pol-Bernard Gossiaux form EMN demonstrates the principles of APA (*)
for the teachers and students at The Faculty of Physics, WUT
(*) APA – Apprentissage Par Action
APA
L’Apprentissage Par l’Action
„Learning by Doing”,
„Nauczanie przez Działanie”
A new way of teaching at EMNThe idea...show complicated phenomenain a simple way... (an example)
Robert Germinet
The original title
„L’apprentissagede l’incertain”
(my translation)
Learning (preparation)of (to) Uncertain
Common research
Experiment at Brookhaven National Laboratory
STARLong IslandNew York,
USA
RHICRelativistic Heavy-Ion Collider
E=mc2
see: http://www.star. bnl.gov/
EMN &WUTscientific
cooperation( I )
Participation in STAR
Experimentat BNL
BrookhavenNew York
USA
see: http://alice.web.cern.ch/Alice/AliceNew
Experiment ALICE at CERN
ALICE
EMN &WUTscientific
cooperation( II )
Participation in ALICE
Experimentat CERN(Geneva)
UrQMD – Ultra-relativistic Quantum-Molecular Dynamics
„Phone meeting” at EMN i the frame of common participationIn the STAR experiment at Brookhaven National Lab. (USA)
On line are participants from:Warsaw, Brookhaven, Berkeley, Washington, Columbus...
Scientific cooperation
Arrangement of cooperation(an example)
From [email protected] Tue Dec 13 10:55:50 2005Date: Tue, 13 Dec 2005 10:55:50 +0100 (CET)From: Jan Pluta <[email protected]>To: M-me Nicole Poedras <[email protected]>Subject: sujets de stages en Pologne
Bonjour,J'ai les premiers sujets pour 4 personnes. amities, Jan=========================================================================A. Dans "Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology" http://www.ichtj.waw.pl
1. APPLICATION OF ISOTOPE RATIO MASS SPECTROMETRY (IRMS) FOR EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES (WATER EXCHANGE POLLUTENTS EMISSION ANDDISTRIBUTION) AND FOR FOOD AUTHENTICITY DETERMINATION (WINE, JUICES, etc.)Supervisor: Dr Jacek Palige, e-mail: [email protected]
2. CREATION OF THE INTERNET DATA BASE FOR THE AMBIENT DUST MONITORING NET.All information from the dust monitoring stations are to to be stored in thebase. Communication between stations an the base is provided by the internetand GSM.Supervisor: Adrian Jakowiuk, BSc, MSc e-mail: [email protected]
====================================================================Dans "Establishment for Nuclear Equipment": http://www.zdaj.com
....................................... etc.
1. I am sending the propositions of the training subjects to EMN
How it works?Organisation of the EMN students training in Poland
From [email protected] Wed Jan 11 19:24:40 2006Date: Wed, 11 Jan 2006 19:24:33 +0100From: Jean Berniolles <[email protected]>To: [email protected]: [email protected], [email protected]: Placement inquiry: CREATION OF THE INTERNET DATA BASE
Dear Mr Jakowiuk,As a part of my training in the third year at the EMN, an engineeringschool of Nantes, France, we have the possibility to carry out a 3-month placement abroad.
I am writing to you because Mrs Poedras forwarded me the subject of the internship.
I think you will appreciate my technical skills in internetprogramming (php, MySQL, Java ~E) and my ability to understand newsystems and languages as well as applying the knowledge I have acquired.
I think that this placement is a fantastic opportunity to discover a new culture and to expand my knowledge in fields (internet programming, databases, mobile access ~E) I want to be more skilled in.
I will be available from the beginning of May to the end of August.
I would be pleased to discuss my resume with you in more detailduring an interview. In the meanwhile, do not hesitate to contact meby email should you require any further information.
I look forward to hearing from you. Jean Berniolles
2. Student is sending mail to his future supervisor.
Domaine recherche Observations de l’élève
Domaine informatique Je suis extrèmement intéressé par la Pologne.En ce qui concerne le domaine, j'aimerais beaucoup travailler dans l'informatique, et plus précisément dans le domaine de la programmation par contrainte, aide à la décision ou recherche opérationnelle (constraint programming, decision systems, operation research).Evidemment je serai prêt à travailler dans un autre domaine de l'informatique, dans le cas d’une proposition différente.En ce qui concerne l'établissement d'accueil, j'aimerais si cela est possible, avoir un stage dans un laboratoire ou dans le département R&D d'une entreprise. Tristram Gräbener
Domaine de l’environnement
Je suis vivement intéressé par la possibilité d'un stage en Pologne. J'aimerais effectuer un stage qui ait un lien avec le domaine environnemental, le traitement de l'eau par exemple. N'hésitez pas à me contacter si vous avez besoin de plus d'informations! Merci pour votre aide. Mathieu Gillard
Domaine de l’environnement
Je suis très intéressée par l'opportunité de faire un stage en Pologne.J'aimerais qu'il concerne l'environnement au sens large, et je suis ouverte à toute proposition dans ce domaine. Je vous remercie. Laleh Tcharkhti
Eleves de l’Ecole des Mines de Nantes intéressés par un stage en Pologne en 2006
More info... (from Mme Nicole Poedras)
3. They start to exchange mails, sometimes also phones or faxes in order to clarify the details of the training
4. A am arranging the lodgiing for student(s) in the guest house of our school, sometimes some financial support,
5. In the begin of May students are coming to Poland for the training.
6. At the end of training the supervisor is sending an information with the evaluation of the student activity during the training to EMN.
7. EMN is sending an acknowledgement to the supervisor.
It was done already with 31 students of EMN
Foto - report Group of Polish students (with tutors) in Nantes
Foto - report Group of French students in Warsaw
French and Polish students in the „Central Laboratory for Radioprotection” in Warsaw
Foto - report Working together – PCI
Reception for French students by Dean of the Faculty of Physics in Warsaw
Visit of Profs: J. Martino and B. Erazmus from SUBATECH at WUT, January 2003
Additional results of cooperation
Work of EMN students in French Enterprises or Agencies in Poland.
Many private visits in Poland of EMN students, after passing 3-month training in Polish Enterprises.
...and also
New French-Polish family of EMN student Elric Peyre, married with Polish girl - “found” by him
in Warsaw during the 3-month training in 1997.
La promenade dans Varsovie
Varsovie – la Vieille Ville
Varsovie – la Gare Centrale
La France – en Pologne Hypermarchés français àVarsovie
Warsaw – „Old town”
Warsaw- Central Railway Station
Varsovie – le monument de A. Mickiewicz
Varsovie – le centre ville 1
Aleje Jerozolimskie
Varsovie – la rue Świętokrzyska
Varsovie – le Parc de Łazienki, monument de F. Chopin
Je vous invite à Varsovie.Jan Pluta