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Gundhigga Warbixinta Bedbaadada iyo Nabadgelyada ee Degmada

Laas Caanood

August 2011

Qoreyaasha Yann-Cédric Quero, Criminologist, Senior Analyst (Ph.D. Candidate, University of Montreal) Mireille Widmer, Community Safety Specialist (UNDP Somalia) Katrina Aitken, Researcher (Saferworld) Lindsey Peterson, Analyst (UNDP Somalia and OCVP)

Copyright

Published and Copyright ©2011 by the Observatory of Conflict and Violence Prevention.

No part of this book may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieved system without permission in writing.

First Edition (August 2011)

First Printing (February 2012)

ISBN: 978-9966-1614-3-7

Inquiries should be addressed to: Observatory of Conflict and Violence Prevention (OCVP) Hargeisa, Somaliland [email protected] http://www.ocvp.org

Riboodhkani wuxu ka kooban yahay ka turjumi mayso siyaasadaha iyo kaalinta UNDP Somalia

(2011) District Baseline Report: Las Anod

Community Security Approach to Peace-building Page iv

Mahadnaq

Xarunta Somalida ee Daraasdda Kahortagga Rabshadaha iyo Colaada waxay u mahad celinaysaa Ururada soo socda (oo u dhigan hab xarfi ah):

Illaa bilowgii mashruucan, ururka Danish Demining Group waxay kaqeybqaateen la-talinta horumarinta qalabka sahanka, gaar ahaan Sahanka Dembiyada iyo Dulmiga (CVS). Intaa waxa dheer, waxay keentay saad iyo caawimo muhiim u ah fududaynta dhowr wareeg oo wadahadalada ee kooxaha ku hawllan, caawimadaas oo ay ku jirto tabobarro loo qabtay bahda (NGOska) maxalliga, fududeynta iyo keydinta nidaamyada, iyo qorida qorshaha amniga degmada. Waxa kale oo ay hay’adu gacan ka geysatay ururinta xogo dheeraad ah ee maabinta degmooyinka Burco, Laas Caanood, Bossaso iyo Galkacayo.

NGOska Xaqsoor (Burco), Hornpeace (Laas Caanood), SORSO (Bossaso) iyo KAALO (Galkacayo) waxay diyaariyeen kaalmo maxalliya ee fududeynta maabinta iyo tijaabada degmada, CVs yada, iyo wadahadalada kooxaha ku hawllan (focus groups). SOYDEN iyo Xarunta Nabada iyo Dimuqraadiyada waxay diyaariyeen warbixinta maabeynta afar degmo oo Mogadishu ah waxayna kaalmeeyeen hirgelinta Sahanka Dembiyada iyo Dulmiga (CVS).

Xarunta Ka-hortaga Dembiyada Caalamiga (Montreal, Canada) waxay keentay jawaab-celinta horumarka Sahanka Dembiyada iyo Dulmiga (CVS).

Xarunta Japanka ee Ka-hortaga Colaada waxay door hogaamineed ka qaadatay horumarinta qalabka sahanka/surveyga iyo haggis nidaamsan, ugu horreyn Sahanka Dembiyada iyo Dulmiga (CVS) iyo weydiimaha kooxaha ku hawllan/focus groups. Waxay ilaaleynaysay tijaabinta degmada Sahanka Dembiyada iyo Dulmiga (CVS) ka hor, waxay ka qeybqaateen tabobarrada dadka liis garaysan, waxay habeeyeen kaydka xogta, kormeerayeena gelinta iyo nadiifinta xogta la ururiyey.

Xarunta Daraasada Ka-hortaga Rabshadda iyo Colaada, ee marka la soo gaabiyo loo qoro (OCVP) waxay ku deeqday kasoo ururinta Burco, Laas Caanood, Bossaso iyo Galkacayo warbixin dheeraad ah ee gabogabeynta Baadhitaanka Nabada iyo Amniga Bulshada.

Ururka SAACID wuxu isna ku deeqay aragtiyo faa’iido badan ee horumarinta CV yada.

Saferworld illaa bilowgii ururkani wuxu ku lug lahaa la-tashiyo ku saabsan horumarinta qalab sahan/survey oo kala duwan, gaar ahaan Sahanka Dembiyada iyo Dulmiga (CVS). Waxay door hogaamineed ka qaateen uririnta iyo falanqeynta warbixinta laga helo wadahadalada kooxaha ku hawllan/focus groups, taasoo ay ku jirto dib-u-eegid xafiiseed oo dheeraad ah, ee waxsoosaarka bilowga Baadhitaanka Nabada iyo Amniga Bulshada ee Burco, Laas Caanood, Bossaso iyo Galkacayo. Degmooyinka Galkacayo iyo Burco, Saferworld waxa kale oo ay ka fulisay falanqeyn ugu horreysay ee tirokoobka xogta laga helay Sahanka Dembiyada iyo Dulmiga (CVS), oo ay kujirto wareysiyo/interviews saayid ah oo xog badan.

SOCDA waxay door hogaamineed ka qaataday hirgelinta Sahanka Dembiyada iyo Dulmiga (CVS). Illaa bilowgii mashruuca, waxay ka qeybqaadatay horumarinta Sahanka Dembiyada iyo Dulmiga (CVS), shaqo-qorid sameeyeen oo ay kormeereen kooxaha maxalliga ah ee liis garaysan, kana qeyb qaateen tabobarka iyo kormeerkoodaba, weliba ay ku taboruceen xog gelinta iyo nadiifinta.


Community Security Approach to Peace-building Page v

SOYDEN waxay tallaabadan qaaday iyadoo ka fulisay wadahadalada kooxaha ku hawllan/focus groups afar degmo oo Muqdisho, bixinaaya warbixin qaaliya oo tayoysan ee hababka dembiyada iyo rabshadaha ee Mogadishu.

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)da Somalia guud ahaan, gaar ahaan mashruuca Dhimista Rabshada Hubeysan oo dhexjira Barnaamijka Nidaamka Sharciga iyo Nabadgelyada, oo bixiyey gebi ahaan gergaar farsamo iyo maaliyadeed oo ballaadhan.


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Shaxda Tusmada Koobid Sare .........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

1. Hordhac .........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

2. Hannaanka .....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.1. Naqshadeynta Degmada..................................................................................................... 7

2.2. Sahanka/Surveyga Dembiga iyo Dulmiga (CVS) ................................................................. 7

2.3. Wadahadalada Kooxaha Ku Hawllan ....................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.4. wareysiyo Xogshega oo Muhiima ..........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.5. Ansixin ..................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3. Naqshadeynta Degmada Laas Caanood ............................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.1. Xusuusimo Taariikhiga ..........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.2. Juqraafiga iyo Dadka ............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.3. Kheyraadka iyo Dhaqaalaha .................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.4. Helida Adeegyada Aasaasiga ...............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.5. Xukunka/Maamulka ..............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

4. Fikradaha Ammaan darrada ............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

5. Hababka Ammaan-darrada iyo Rabshadaha .....................Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.1. Tamariyeyaasha Colaada ..................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.1.1. Muranka Dhulka ........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.1.2. Colaadaha Biyaha Kadhasha ..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.1.3. Muranka Magdhowga ................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.1.4. Dagaalada Deriska .................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.1.5. Xiisad Siyaasadeed ................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.2. Dad-dilis ...............................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.3. Faro-xumeyn ama Weerar Muuqaal ah .................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.3.1. Dhibbaneyaasha ........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.3.2. Dembiileyaasha ......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.4. Rabashka Galmada ..............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.5. Rabshada Lidka Caruurta .....................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.6. Afduubka ..............................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.7. Dembiyada Hantida ..............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

6. Wadeyaasha iyo Isirrada Khatarta ...........................................................................36

6.1. Isirro Bulsho ...................................................................................................................... 36


Community Security Approach to Peace-building Page vii

6.2. Isirrada Dhaqaale..................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

6.3. Isirrada Xukunka/Siyaasadeed ..............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

6.4. Isirrada la-xidhiidha Hubka/Nabadgelyada.............................Error! Bookmark not defined.

7. Fahamka Waxqabadka Jileyaasha Cadaalada iyo NabadgelyadaError! Bookmark not defined.

7.1. Aragtiyo Isbarbar yaalla ........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

7.1.1. Aragtida Guud ........................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.1.2. Faro-xumeyn ............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.1.3. Rabashka Galmada ................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.1.4. Dembiyada Hantida ................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

7.2. Bileyska ............................................................................................................................ 47

7.2.1. Naqshadeynta Warbixinta .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.2.2. Aragtida Guud ........................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.2.3. Jawaab-celinta .......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

7.3. Maxkamadaha ......................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

7.3.1. Naqshadeynta ........................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.3.2. Aragtida Guud ........................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.3.3. Jawaab-celinta .......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

7.4. Hogaamiyeyaasha Diinta iyo Duqeyda ..................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

7.5. Haweenka.............................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

8. Talobixinta .....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

8.1. Hagaajinta Waxqabadka Nabad-dhalieyaasha ......................Error! Bookmark not defined.

8.2. Hagaajinta Xaaladaha Jeelasha ............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

8.3. Hagaajinta Waxqabadka Keenayaasha Cadaalada ...............Error! Bookmark not defined.

8.4. Wanaajinta Wadaxidhiidhka iyo Wadahadalka Wakiilada Shicibka iyo DawladaError! Bookmark not defined.

8.5. Kor-u-qaadida Maamul Wanaaga ..........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

8.6. Kor-u-qaadida Waxbarashada Dhalinta iyo Shaqada .............Error! Bookmark not defined.

8.7. Hagaajinta Bedbaadada Jaaliyada marka la eego Qorshaynta MagaaladaError! Bookmark not defined.

8.8. Kor-u-qaadida Heshiiska Kooxaha dhexdooda iyo Sare-u-qaadida Wecyigelinta DadkaError! Bookmark not defined.

8.9. Kaalmada kuwa ka Samotabaxa Dagaalada .........................Error! Bookmark not defined.


Community Security Approach to Peace-building Page viii

Tirada Tirada 1aad: Qeybhoosaadyada Degmada Laas Caanod ................................................................... 8

Tirada 2aad: Qabiilka Madaxa Qoyska ........................................................................................... 14

Tirada 3aad : Sharciga Deganaanshaha ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tirada 4aad: Meherada Madaxa Qoyska ........................................................................................ 16

Tirada 5aad: Kharashka Cuntada Maalinlaha (US$) ........................................................................ 16

Tirada 6aad: Heerka iyo Nooca Waxbarasho ee Madaxda Qoyska ................................................... 17

Tirada 7aad: Isbedelka Amniga la Arkay ee 12 bilood ...................................................................... 19

Tirada 8aad: Heerka loo arko Amniga Socodka maqrib kadib ......................................................... 20

Tirada 9aad: Hawlaha ladaayey Amni-darro Awgeed ...................................................................... 20

Tirada 10aad: Markhaati Dembi Hantiyeed iyo Faroxumayn ........................................................... 21

Tirada 11aad: Soo-noqnoqoshada Muranka Qabiilka ama Jaaliyada................................................ 23

Tirada 12aad: Sababaha Guud ee ugu badan Muranka Qabiilka ama Jaaliyada ............................... 23

Tirada 13aad: Dhibeneyaasha Dad-dilista, da’da iyo jinsiga ............................................................. 26

Tirada 14aad Goobta iyo Waqtiga Faro-xumeyn/Weerar Muuqda .................................................. 27

Tirada 15aad: Nooca Hubka loo Adeegsaday Weerarka .................................................................. 27

Tirada 16aad: Darnaanta Dhaawaca ee Weerarka........................................................................... 28

Tirada 17aad: Dhibbaneyaasha Weerarka, Da’da iyo Jinsiga ........................................................... 28

Tirada 18aad: Dhibbaneyaasha Weerarka, Sharciga Deganaanshaha .............................................. 29

Tirada 19aad: Dhibbaneyaasha Weerarka, Qabiilka ........................................................................ 29

Tirada 20aad: Dembiileyaasha Faro-xumeyn/Weerar Muuqda........................................................ 30

Tirada 21aad:: Dhibeneyaasha Rabshada Galmada, Da’da .............................................................. 31

Tirada 22aad:: Rabshada Galmada, Goobta iyo Waqtiga ................................................................. 31

Tirada 23aad:: Dembiileyaasha Rabshada Galmada ........................................................................ 32

Tirada 24aad:: Weerar Caruurta Lid ku ah ....................................................................................... 33

Tirada 25aad:: Nooca Dembiga Hantida .......................................................................................... 34

Tirada 26aad:: Dembiga Hantida, Bisha........................................................................................... 34

Tirada 27aad:: Dembiileyaasha Dembiga Hantida ........................................................................... 35

Tirada 28aad:: Isbedelka Helitaanka Hubka..................................................................................... 40

Tirada 29aad:: Noocyada Hubka la heli karo ................................................................................... 40

Tirada 30aad: Sababta Haysadka Hubka ......................................................................................... 41

Tirada 32aad: Aragtiyaha Khatarta Bamka Meel-fog-laga-xukumo, ama Muddaysan....................... 42

Tirada 33aad: Jiritaanka Waxyaabaha Qarxa iyo Miinada ................................................................ 42

Tirada 34aad: Heerka Aaminka ee Hay’daha U Adeega sida Nabad Dhaliyeyaal .............................. 44

Tirada 35aad: Qiimaha la-ogyahay, ee Weerarka/Assault............................................................... 44

Tirada 36aad: Hay’ada Dawlada ee ugu Horreynt la Ogeysiiyey Weerarka ...................................... 45

Tirada 37aad: Sababaha weerarka loo ogeysiin waayey hay’adaha dawlada ................................... 45


Community Security Approach to Peace-building Page ix

Tirada 38aad: Qiimaha la-ogyahay, ee Rabshadaha Galmada .......................................................... 46

Tirada 39aad: Hay’ada Dawlada ee ugu Horreynt la Ogeysiiyey Rabshadaha Galmada .................... 46

Tirada 40aad: Qiimaha la-ogyahay, ee Dembiyada Hantida ............................................................. 47

Tirada 41aad: Hay’ada Dawlada ee ugu Horreynt la Ogeysiiyey Dembiyada Hantida ....................... 47

Tirada 42aad: Heerarka aaminka Bileyska, Jinsi ahaan .................................................................... 48

Tirada 43aad:: Jid-u-marka bileyska marka la eego fogaanshaha iyo sugida goobta ........................ 48

Tirada 44aad:: Jid-u-marka bileyska, qeyb ahaan ............................................................................ 49

Tirada 45aad: Xawaaraha Rogaal-celinta Bileyska ........................................................................... 50

Tirada 46aad: Ku qanaca jawaab-celinta bileyska, weerar ahaan..................................................... 50

Tirada 47aad: Ku qanaca jawaab-celinta bileyska, Dembiga Hantida ............................................... 51

Tirada 48aad: Heerarka aaminka Maxkamada, Jinsi ahaan .............................................................. 52

Tirada 49aad: Jid-u-marka maxkamada marka la eego fogaanshaha iyo sugida goobta ................... 52

Tirada 50aad: Jid-u-marka maxkamada, ee Qeyb-hoosaadka .......................................................... 53

Tirada 51aad: Xawaaraha Rogaal-celinta Maxkamada ..................................................................... 54

Tirada 52aad: Sababaha aan loogu soonoqonaynin Maxkamadaha Dembiyada .............................. 54

Tirada 53aad: Ku qanaca Dhibaneha Go’aanka Maxkamada, weerar ahaan .................................... 55

Tirada 54aad: Aaminka loo hayo Odayaasha Beesha ama Jaaliyada, ee Jinsi ahaan ......................... 56

Tirada 55aad: Aaminka loo hayo Hogaamiyeyaasha Diinta, ee Jinsi ahaan ...................................... 56

Tirada 56aad: Sababta ay Haweenku uga qeybqaadan waayeen shirarka Dawladaha Hoose iyo Jaaliyadaha ................................................................................................................... 57


Community Security Approach to Peace-building Page 1

Koobid Sare

Degmada Laas Caanood waxay ku taallaa xudunta gobolka Sool ee ku muransan yihiin Somaliland iyo Puntland. Waxa qaaliban deggan abtirsiimooyinka kaladuuwan ee qabiilka Dhulbahante (Darod). Illaa aakhirkii qarnigii 19aad, goobtu waxay ahayd bilowgii halgankii gumeysi-diidka ee loo yaqaanay dhiidhigii Daraawiishta. Sannadihii 1970yadii iyo 1980yadii, siyaasadii kalaqeybi-oo-xukun ee Siyad Barre baa dib-u-soonoolaysay xiisadii qabiilka gudihiisa iyo dibediisa. 1991kii, gobolku wuxu kudarsamay dawladii cusbayd ee Somaliland, laakiin Puntland lawareegtay maareynta min 2002dii illaa 2007dii. Ammaanka siixumaanayey wuxu horseeday taageeradoo baydha markale, iyo Somaliland oo hanatay xukunka meesha 2007dii. 2009kii, waxa lasameeyey jabhada Sool, Sanaag iyo Cayn, oo loo soo gaabiyo (SSC).

Sahanka Dhibaneha iyo Dembiga (CVS) wuxu kadhaqaaqay Laas Caanood February iyo March 2010kii, oo lagu daray warbixin tayaysan oo inta badan taxane usoo ururiyeen kooxaha kuhawllan ama focus groups June 2010kii. Gebi ahaan, jawaabeyaa CVS/sahaku waxay dareemeen in xaalada nabadgelyadu fiicnaatay 12kii bilood ee kahorreysay sahanka. Boqolkiiba 71qoysaska jawaabay waxay caddeeyeen in degamadu inyar ama aad uga nabdoonayd – iyadoo haweenku kumuujiyeen taxadir kabadan kan raga. Inkastooy xaqiiqooyinkani jiraan, hadana 108 jawaabeyaasha sahanka/CVS (14% kooxda tijaabada) waxay caddeeyeen inay arkeen cid kabaxsan qoyskooda oo loo geystay fal dembiya ama gef 12kii bilood ee kahorreysay sahanka.

Tamariyeyaasha colaaduhu muhiim bay u ahaayeen wadahadalada kooxaha. CVS/sahanka gudihisa, boqolkiiba 50 jawaabeyaashu waxay ku dacwiyeen in kuwani weligood ama kudhowaad weligood aanay dhicin, laakiin boqolkiiba 43 jawaabeyaasha baa tilmaamay dhacdooyin iyo muran jaaliyada ee sannadlaha. Sababaha badi lasheegay waxa kujira khilaafka kheyraadka (50%), aargoosi (20%), iyo muran qoys (19%). Kooxuhu waxay kalooy sfeeyeen noocyo kaladuwan oo colaadaha qabiilka ooy kujiraan khilaafka dhulka; colaada biyaha iyo muranka magdhowga (marka dhinac fulinwaayo bixinta magdhowga dhinaca kale, ama xoog loo adeegsado hanashada magdhowga); dagaal xaafado; iyo xiisad siyaasadeed.

Sahanku/CVS wuxu tiryey qiimaha ku baxa colaadaha isagoo muraayad kadhiganaya colaadaha laisla fahmo. Todoba tusaale oo dil ah baa ladiiwaangeliyey (1% tijaabada, 6% jawaabeyaasha), kaasoo ay kaqeybgaleyaasha kooxuhu uturjunteen dilal aargoosiya iyo muran magdhow.

Intaa waxa dheer, CVS/sahanku wuxu diiwaangeliyey 98 tusaale (12% tijaabada). Kuwani waxay inta badan ka dhaceen sariibadaha subaxii, guriga gelinka dambe, iyo jidadka habeenkii. Hubka – inta badan qoryaha weerarka – waxa loo adeegsaday boqolkiiba 28 dhacdooyinka weerarka, halka hub saawir ah loo adeegsaday boqolkiiba 24 kale. Hub afleh waxa la isticmaalay boqolkiiba 22. Dhibaneyaashu badi lab bay ahaayeen, khaasatan da’da udhexeysa 15 illaa 19 sano. Haweenka da’doodu tahay 20-29 baa khatar kujira; kooxuhu waxay tilmaameen in haweenku gaar ahaan khatar u yihin boobka rabshadaha guriga. Waxa si layaab le loo cadeeyey in intooda badan dembiileyaashu yihiin saaxiibo iyo jaar (33% ee kiisaska), ooy soo raacdo shakhsiyaad dembiileyaal (32%), kooxo hubeysan oo abaabulan (15%) iyo qoyska ama ehelada (11%). Ciidamada ama bileysku waxay masuul ka ahaayeen boqolkiiba afar.



Sided iyo toban kiis oo rabshado galmo ah baa lasoo ogeysiiyey CVS/sahanka (2% tijaabada). Dhamaan dhibaneyaashu waxay ahaayeen dhedig, oo intooda badan da’doodu tahay 15-19. Dhacdooyinka boqolkiiba 44 waxay ka dhaceen meelo cidla’ (xero, ay, ama kayn) gelinkii dambe, dembiileyaashana waxa loo aqoonsaday dembiileyaal gooniya. Haweenka iyo dhalinyarada Kooxuhu waxay fiiro gaar ah siinayeen kufsiga iyo faroxumeynta. Waxay tixgeliyeen haweenka ganacsatada ah ee gaar ahaan khatarta ku sugan markay suuqa tagayaan ama ka imanayaan, ama goor hore ha ahaato ama goor dambe. Waxa kaloo lagu dareemay wadahadalada dhaleecaynta ku lammaan kufsiga, iyo hawsha mushkiladeysan ee guurka dhibaneha iyo dembiilaha. Inkastoo kaqeybgaleyaal ay hawshan u qiildayeen iyagoo cuskanaya inay gabadhu guur beelayso, hadana waxay dareemeen dhiirrigelinayso dhalinyarada qaar inay kufs ku kacaan markay yaradka bixin kari waayaan.

Caruurtuna rabshadaha khatar bay kujiraan. Todoba iyo toban kiis ooy CVS/sahaku diiwaangeliyey kaasoo dhibanehu ahaa 17 ama ka yar. Kooxuhu waxay ogaadeen arrimaha caruurta ooy kujiraan xadgudubka caruurta- sida faroxumaynta- dilka iyo shaqaaleynta caruurta. Waxa kaloo tabasho ahaan la sheegay qorista caruurta iyo dhalinyarada ee kooxaha hubaysan oo lasheegay inay ka dhacaan Malcaamadaha iyo Dugsi Quraanka.

Shan kiis oo afduuba ayaa laga diiwaangeliyey sahanka/CVS. Waxa wax laga naxa ah, inaan wax wara ku gadaaman dhacdooyinkan aan lahayn, kuwaasoo saameeyey inta badan barokacayaasha/IDPs iyo isirka laga tirade badan yahay ee Baantuuga.

Waxa, illaa xad, soonoqnoqdaa waa dembiga hantida, 81 tusaale ayaa laga diiwaangeliyey sahanka/CVS, oo noqonaysa boqolkiiba 10 jawaabeyaasha. Labadad noocee ugu badan dembiyada hantida ee kujira sahanka/CVS waa tuugada shaaraca (47% ee kiisaska) guri jabsi (33%). Dembiyada hantidu waxa la moodaa inay la socdaan hannaan xilliyeed, oo ay korukacaan inta udhexeysa January iyo March. Dembiileyaashu badi waa shakhsiyaad dembiileyaal ah (46%), ooy soo raacdo kooxo hubaysan oo abaabulan (40%). Wadahadalka kooxaha, qaraaradan baa la xaqiijiyey: kaqeybgaleyaashu waxay kahadleen kooxo yara-abaabulan oo ku kulma meelo can ah. Tuugada moobaylka ayaa arrin laga hadlay ahayd, iyadoo la beegsanayo haweenka iyo waayeelka.

Kooxuhu waxa sahamiyeen dhaqaajiyeyaasha iyo isirrada ammaan-darrada. Wadahadalada waxa laga sheegay isirrada bulshada ooy kujiraan aqoonsiga qabiilka hore, iyo ka sii darane, kala sarreynta qabiilka, oo ku salaysan siday ukala xoog weyn yihiin1. Xiisadaha qaar waa burburka qoyska awgii, iyo faraqa udhexeeya dugsiyada diiniga. Qorsheyn magaalo oo liidata, ooy kujiraan qashinqubka, baa kiciya rabshadaha iyo muranka. Ugu dambeyntii, isticmaalka qaadka baa lagu tilmaamay khatar dhaliye kale. Isirrada dhaqaalaha guud baa lasheegay ooy kujiraan faqriga iyo shaqo-la’aantu. Muranka biyaha iyo dhulka baa lasheegay inuu isna dhaliyo tartan dhul-daaqsimeedka fiican, dhul iska oodasho sharcidarro ah, iyo qaabdhismeed sharciya oon cadeyn. Isirro siyaasadeed oo cad ooy kujiraan ukala jab maamulada iyo garbinta degmada.

Marka laga yimaado itaaldarrada hay’adaha amniga ee dawlada, helitaanka iyo adeegsi xumada hubka ee baahday ayaa lagu sheegay inay tahay arrin muhiima kaqeybqaadata amni-xumada. Runtii, kooxaha dhalinyaradu waxay u arkayeen iyada laftirkeeda nooca rabshadaha kamida. In kayar boqolkiiba 2 qoysaska ayaa kajawaabay inay haystaan hub iyo inkale, laakiin daraasad hore oo

1 The term “clan” is used loosely: in Las Anod this will generally refer to sub-clan groupings



Danish Demining Group samaysay waxa lagu ogaaday in Gobolka Sool dadku haystaan hub boqolkiiba 90. Marka la eego CVS/sahanka boqolkiiba 76 kiisasku waa nooca-Kalashnikov iyo baastooladaha oo boqolkiiba 23. Jawaabeyaasha CVS/sahanka waxay ku tilmaameen isbedelka haysashada hubka inay tahay mid aad u deggan. Bamka mudaysan ama meel laga xukumo iyo miinada iyo walxaha aan weli qarxin baa cabsi waxooga ah kuhaysa dhulkaa.

CVS/sahanku wuxu qiimeeyey aragtida waxqabad ee jileyaasha cadaalada iyo amniga. Gebi ahaan, duqeyda iyo hogaamiyeyaasha diintu waxay aamin aad uga sarreeya kan bileyska iyo garsoorka, oo xumaan lagu qiimeyey. Marka natiijada loo kala jebiyo jinsiga, raga iyo haweenku waxay tuseen muujiyeen aragtiyo siweyn ukaladuwan: inkastoo ragu sixoogleh uga aamin-baxeen hay’adaha, hadana haweenku waxay ahaayeen dhexdhexaad, illaa 20 qodob oo farqi ah baa udhexeeyey.

Qiimeynta guud waxay cadeysay iyadoo eegaysa qiimaha ogeysiinta. Boqolkiiba 64 weerarada waxa ogeysiiyey dhibaneyaasha –inta badan duqeyda- iyadoo boqolkiiba 5 la ogeysiiyey bilayska, boqolkiiba 7na maxkamadaha. Dhacdo ahaan, waxaad moodaa warbixintu inay caddeynayso in kiisaska qaar loo gudbiyey maxkamada iyadoon bileysku ogeyn. Sababta ugu weyn ee la ogaaday waxa loo ogeysiin waayey waxa weeye inay jiraan siyaabo oo loo xalliyo kiiska. Marka la eego farxumeynta, boqolkiiba 83 dhibaneyaasha ayaa ku dhiirraday inay soo gudbiyaan kiisaska. Haseyeeshee, waxa xusid mudan inaan midna la ogeysiin bileyska iyo maxkamadaha. Odeyaasha iyo hogaamiyeyaasha diinta ayaa inta badan loogu yeedhaa inay dhameeyaan arrinka. Akhiiran, boqolkiiba 58 dembiyada hantida waxa la ogeysiiyey boqolkiiba 4 bileyska iyo boqolkiiba 3 maxkamadaha. Inkastoo odayaashu ay yihiin meesha u horreysa ee loo yeedho, hadan ammaan dhaliyeyaasha aan dawliga ahayn waxay heleen riboodho tirobadan oo dembiyada hantida.

Sida la ogyahay, tirobadan oo raga baa aragti xun kahaysta bileyska- tani waxay dabbaqaysaa aamminka, jidmarka/helida, iyo xawaaraha jawaabta. Haweenka aragtidoodu ma cada. Laakiin, dhibaneyaashu way ku qanacsanyihiin markay bileysku kajawaabayaan weerarada iyo dembiyada hantida. Tani waxay gaar udabbaqaysaa raga.

Maxkamadaha baa loo arkaa si lamida sida bilayska. Jidmarka kiis furashada maxkamada ayaa umuuqda carqalad. Waxa la xusay inay ujradu/feegu sarreeyo. Si kastab ha ahaatee, go’aanka maxkamada ee xadgudubku waa mi sare. Kooxuhu waxay xuseen in sida liidata ay maxkamaduhu waxq-u-qabanayaan dhaliso khilaayo/colaado ee dareenka siijiitanka cadaalad-darrida. Goldoloolo kale oo la xusay waa maqnaanshaha farsamada xoojinta go’aamada.

Sida kor ku xusan, odayaasha iyo hogaamiyeyaasha diinta waxay leeyihiin tixgelin sare gacanta ay ka geystaan nabada iyo amniga. Kooxuhu waxa kalooy xuseen inay odayaashu soo qaban karaan eedaysaneyaasha kabaxsada bileyska. Sidoo kale, waxay kooxuhu qireen inay odayaashu gacan-ka-geysan karaan colaada, laxidhiidha muranka siyaasadeed ama magdhowga iyo rabshadaha ciqaabta.

Aakhirkii, CVS/sahanka waxa lagaga hadlay doorka haweenku ku leeyihiin amniga iyo ammaanka, iyadoo la eegay kartidooda kaqeybgalka shirarka guud. Boqolkiiba 32 jawaabeyaasha qoysasku waxay cadeeyeen inaan haweenka loo ogolayn inay kaqeybgalaan munaasabadahan. Carqalada ugu weyn ee la ogaaday waxay ahayd inaan haweenka laftigoodu nafis ku ahayn kaqeybgalka. Waxa kaloo laga yaabaa in qoysasku culays kusaaraan inay xoogsaaraan arrimaha qoyska halkay nolosha guud danayn lahaayeen. Dhanka kale, waxay kafeejignaayeen tabaruca haweenka ee ammaan-



darrada: iyaga ah kiciyeyaasha ugu weyn ee rabshadaha xaafadaha iyo tuulooyinka iyo inay saygooda ka caawiyaan iibsiga hubka.



1. Hordhac

Cadaymo ku salaysan barnaamijyada iyo horumarinta siyaasada ee ammaanka bulshada, yaraynta rabshadaha iyo dhismaha nabada waxay u baahan yihiin falanqeyn dhameystiran oo sax ah ammaan-darrada kahor. Cabbirka natiijada iyo saameynta dhexgallada lagula tacaalayo ammaan-darrada waa inay si siman lama huraan ugu yihiin, horumarka fahamka guud ee waxa shaqeynaya iyo waxaan shaqeynayn, iyo la-xisaabtanka cidii ku lugleh, labadaba. Ururka Qaabdhismeeka Ammaanka Somalida (SCSF) waa isu-tag ururo caalamiya, maxalliya, NGOyo, iyo UNtaba oo siwadajir ah ujeeda, si hab waara ah, awood-dhisika Somalida ee fudaydsiga qaska iyo ammaan-darrada2. Iyadoo ay ka go’an tahay barnaamijeynta cadaymo ku salaysan, xubnaha (SCSF)tu waxay muujiyeen ururinta iyo falanqeynta xog/data dhan oo ay mudnaantu tahay amniga.

Qiimo lagu daro data/xogohan sifiican bay ukordhinaysaa haddii loogu deeqo la-qabsiga tuseyaasha guud iyo hannaaka quudinta berkada guud ee warbixinta. Hab la-tashi ballaadhan baa socday 2009-2010 oo ay wadday dallada SCSF si loo horumariyo CVS/sahanka taasoo ay aqoonsan doonaan ka-qeybgaleyaasha SCSF.

Waa in la xaqiijiyaa lahaanshaha Somalida ee xogoha/data iyo nidaamka sahanka/survey. Illaa dhowaan, xogoha/data iyo aqoonta yaree la-helikaro ee sababaha iyo daliilka ammaan-darrada– ama ha la-xidhiidhi dembi ama colaad – waxay data/xogtu ku hadhi jirtey ururka soo ururiyey, sida bandanna way luntaa markuu mashruucu dhamaado ama shaqaalaha muhiimka ay guuraan. Si loogu tabaruco lahaanshaha maxalliga, (OCVP)du waxay la wareegeysaa, xubnaha SCSF dartood, hawshan si loo xaqiijiyo inaanay hay’adaha akademi ahaan aan-xisbiyeysnayn haysanin xogaha/datada iyo warbixinta dembiyada iyo colaadaha gobolada Somalida. Ururinta, haynta, iyo wadaaga xogta la hayo, (OCVP)du waxay kacaawin kartaa xaqiijinta in dhexgalka ay hagaan cadaymo laisku hallayn karo, saameyntoodana lana cabbiro lana qiimeeyo. Waxa kaloo xarun dhexe ka dhigaysaa qalabka iyo nidaamka xog/data ururinta, waxaanay dhirrigelinaysaa adeegsigooda si loo hagaajiyo isbarbardhigida xogta laa ururiyey.

UNDP Somalia waa xubin aasaase ah OCVPda Somalida. Iyadoo usoo maraysa barnaamijka sharciga yo ammaanka, waxay kaalmaysay horumarinta iyo hirgelinta sahanka/survey ee degmooyin Somaliyeed oo la xushay inta udhexaysay 2009 iyo 2010kii. Khaasatan, sahankan gurigu waxa ka bilaabmay degmooyinka Burao, Bossaso, Galkayo iyo Laas Caanod, iyo lix degmo oo Mogadishu ah (Waberi, Shangani, Hamar Weyne, Hamar Jabjab, Dharkenley and Wadajir). Goobaha waxa loo doortey si loo gaadho meelaha waaweyn dadku ku badanyahay qaarkood, siay dad badani uga faa’iidaysto casharrada laga soo dheegtay sahanka, iyadoo isla markaana muujinaysa carqaladaha kaladuwan ee nabadgelyada. Gaar ahaan, goobaha la sahamiyey waxay ku kala duwanaayeen colaada, colaada-kadib, iyo la-xidhiidhka faldembiyeedka. Gebi ahaan xogta qeydhin, iyo weliba qalabka iyo nidaamka ururinta xog/data, waxay habeeyeen hibeynta bilowga ee OCVP si guud ayaana loo helikaraa ee baadhis inta kabadan.

2 See www.somalipeacebuilding.org for more information.



Iyadoo ku salaysan xogohan, UNDP Somalia waxay kaalmeysay qoraalka, OCVP darteed, shan warbixin ee Asaaska Ammaanka iyo Nabadgelyada Degmada, kaasoo lagu turjumi doono af Somali. Warbixinahan lafoguran waxa laisu ururiyey iyadoo la adeegsnayo xulashada xogaha laga helay CVS/ sahanka, kooxaha ku hawllan, warbixinta maabeynta, iyo wareysiyo xogo-badan oo muhiima, iyo tiro ilo muhiima. Natiijooyinka waxa ansixiyey bulshada iyo hay’adah kahor intaan shaacin. Warbixinaha waxa lagu dari doonaa casriyeynta/update isbedelka oo kooban kuna salaysan wadahadalada kooxaha ku hawllan iyo suurtogalka xog/data cusub oo tayo iyo tiroba leh.

Sawirka ammanka iyo bedbaadoda ee ka soo baxa warbixintan aasaasiga dabdeedna ay hagto faahfaahinta jawaabaha bulshada ee kuhabboon. Talooyinkan ooy faahfaahisay Guddiga Nabadgelyada Degmadu (DSCs), oo lagu aasaasay awooda Golaha Degmada ee goob kasta, waxay isugu jiraan wakiilada dhalinyarada, haweenka, odayaasha iyo hogaamiyeyaasha diinta, saraakiil ka socota Dawladaha Hoose, Bileyska iyo Cadaalada. Dhexgallada la hindisay waxay ku cadyihiin Qorshaha Ammaanka Degmada, oo la dhexgelin doono Qaabdhismeedka Horumarinta Degmada oo qeyb ka ah wareegyo sannadeedka qorshaha iyo miisaaniyada. Hay’adaha maxalliga iyo caalamiga ah waxay uyeelanayaan awood ay kaga faa’ideystaan qalabkan siay uxushaan, qaabeeyaan, uuna cabbiraan saameynta fulinta dhexgalladu ay leeyihiin marka loo eego xogtan/data la ururiyey iyo qiimeynta baahiyaha.

Riboodhkan Ammaanka Degmada ee Aasaasiga wuxu u qeybsamaa sideed qeybood. Marka laga tago Hordhacan, nidaamka cilmi-baadhistu wuxu ku sifeysan yahay qeybta 2aad. Qeybta 3aad waxa lagahelaa taariikhda guud (maabeynta) ee Degmada Laas Caanood, ooy kujiraan farriimo taariikhi ah oo muhiima. Qeybta 4aad waxay eegaysaa arargtiyaha ammaan-darrada, iyo qeybta 5aad oo bandhigeysa tabashooyinka weyn ee xaga Amniga ee laga ogyahay Laas Caanood. Dhaqaajieyaasha iyo cunsurrada ku lammaan mushkiladahan waxa lagu sahamiyey Qeybta 6aad. Qeybta 7aad waxay baadhaysaa aragtida waxqabadka jileyaasha cadaalada iyo amniga, ooy kujiraan bileyska, maxkamadaha, haweenka, odayaasha iyo hogaamiyeyaasha diinta. Ugu dambeyn, Qeybta 8aad waxay bixinaysaa talooyinka jawaabaha baadhitaanka.



2. Nidaamka

Riboodhkan Ammaanka iyo Amniga Aasaasiga ee Degmada Laas Caanood waxa lagu diyaariyey iskujirka xogo/data iyo warbixin lagu soo ururiyey saddex qalab baadhis-cilmiyeed iyo nidaamyo: naqshadeynta degamada, CVS/sahanka, iyo wadahadalada kooxaha ku hawllan. Waxa dhameystirey dib-u-eegid xafiis oo inta kaweyn. Warbixin inta kabadan ee horumarka, tusmada, iyo adeegsiga qalabka kala duwan waxa laga heli karaa Toolkitka3 Ilaalinta iyo Qiimeynta.

2.1. Naqshadeynta Degmada

Qalabka uhorreeya ee loo adeegsaday soosaarka Riboodhkan Aasaaska Degmada waa naqshadeynta ilaha jira ee rasmiga ama aan ahayn ee ay bulshadu ku dabbarto ammaan-darrada. Qaabka4 naqshadeyntu wuxu raadiyaa qabsashada cadaymaha bilowga ee curinta waxay bulshadu higsanayso, taariikhda dadka/demography iyo heerka iskuxidhnaanta bulshada (tusaale, saamiga/qeybta baro-kacayaasha/IDPs, taariikhda qabiilka). Xogta aasaaska taariikhiga ayaa kujirta siay ushaaciso dhacdooyinka xanuunka lahaa siay uxoojiso dayaca bulshada, iyo heshiisyadii hore ee nabada, oo laga yaabo inay keenaan casharro muhiima oo wax laga barto iyo saameynta aragtida laxidhiidha heshiis kasta oo nabadeed. Waxa la sahamiyey hay’adaha jira ee cadaalada, amniga, iyo daryeelka caafimaadka si loo naqshadeeyo awooda xukuumada ay ku xoojinayso nabad, amniga iyo cadaalada, iyo helida gergaarka dhibbanayaasha rabashka. Aakhirkii, waxa la naqshadeeyey awooda nabada sida ururada medeniga ah, heshiisyo ama qaabab – tusaale, qaababka maareynta colaadaha ama mashaariicda waardiyeynta xaafadaha – sababtoo ah dhowr shuruudood, waxaana laisugu dari karaa barnaamijyo. Ogaanshaha helida/qeybinta warbixinta ee bulshadu waxay faa’iido uyeelan kartaa koruqaadida wacyigelinta aayaha dambe. NGOga wadaniga ee Hornpeace baa ka fulisay naqshadeynta gudaha Laas Caanood December 2009kii.

2.2 Sahanka Dulmiga iyo Dembiga (CVS)

Qalabka labaad ee la adeegsaday wuxu ahaa foomka su’aalaha CVS/sahanka, kaasoo la habeeyey 2009kii. 5Sahanku/CVS wuxu rabay inuu helo warbixin daruuri ah oo tayo leh siay umuujiso sawirka dhabta ee Dulmiga iyo Dembiyada degmooyinka la beegsaday, dabadeedna qiyaasa saameynta dhexgallada.

Mudaday naqshadeyntu socotay warbixintii la ururiyey waxa loo adeegsaday in la go’aamiyo suurtogalka qeyb-hoosaadyada sahanku/CVS ka fuli karayey. Qeyb-hoosaadyada waxa doortey kadib markii lala shirey maamulada hoose, NGOska ama duqeyda beesha si loogu helo taariikh sawirka naqshadaha, sameynta xuduudaha iyo qiimeynta tirada guryaha. Kuwan waxa dabadeed loo adeegsaday inay sameeyaan qeyb-hoosaadyada degmada. Baadheyaashu waxay dabadeed karaan

3 The Monitoring and Assessment Toolkit is available at http://www.somalipeacebuilding.org/pb-resources/maa.html 4 See Annex A of the Monitoring and Assessment Toolkit. 5 See Annex B of the Monitoring and Assessment Toolkit.



inay cadeeyaan qodobada bilaabida, oo la socoto tijaabo nasiibin ee 20kii guri ee goob kastoo kooban. Sahanka/CVS waxa lagu maamulay 780 guri, oo qiyaastii 5,850 qof. Tirada iskucelceliska shakhsiyaadka gurigiiba waa 7.5 (3.9 lab iyo 3.6 dhedig) isucelceliska dhalintuna (kayar 15) ee gurigiiba, waa illaa 3.3 (1.8 lab iyo 1.6 dhedig).

Laas Caanood waa hoyga illaa 150000 oo qof. Daraasadan darted, Laas Caanood waxa loo qeybiyey 40 qeyb-hoosaad, oo 27 ka mida loo xushay CVS/sahanka. Tirada 1 wuxu tilmaamayaa tirada sahamada qeyb-hoosaad kasta laga ururiyey. Heegan, Wadajir, Oodagooye, Faraxskule iyo Daami oo ku xidhiidhsan magaalada Laas Caanood, halkay dhamaan qeyb-hoosaadyada kale ee fogi ku xidhiidhsan dhulalka miyiga.

Tirada 1: Qeyb-hoosaadyada Degmada Laas Caanood (Freq.)

Ref. B3 (n= 800)

Lix yeedhiye iyo hal horjooge tusiye baa lagu qoray degmada Laas Caanood. Dhamaan waxay kaqeybgaleen hawl goobeed ka dhacay Boosaaso 16 illaa 19kii October 2009kii. Nidaamki sahanka mar kale baa dib-loo-eegay weydiimahan waa la soo gaabiyey si wax ka yar 40 miridh loo fulin karo. CVS/sahanka waxa la fuliyey 10kii February 2010 waxaana la soo gebogebeeyey 12kii March 2010 oo la soo urriyey wadarta 800 oo sahan.

2.3 Wadahadalada Kooxaha ku Hawllan

Agabka saddexaad waa Kooxaha ku Hawllan oo ujeeda inay gacanta ku dhigaan fahamka ammaan-darrada ee degmooyinka, sababaha iyo khataraha, dhibbaneyaasha iyo dembiileyaasha, iyo awoodaha nabada.6 Wiigii uhorreeyey June 2010kii, raxan Kooxaha baa si gooni-gooni ah ula shiray haweenka, dhalinyarada, baroacayaasha/(IDPs), odayaasha, hogaamiyeyaasha diinta, dawladaha

6 See Annex C of the Monitoring and Assessment Toolkit.

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hoose, iyo reer guuraaga. Kooxuhu waxay bilaabeen inay ka qeybqaateyaasha weydiiyaan qeexida bedbaadada, amniga iyo rabashka, iyo inay ka hadlaan heerarka iyo isbedellada amniga 12kii bilood ee kahorreeyey. Kaqeybgaleyaasha waxa la weydiiyey inay soo uririyaan noocyada rabshadaha iyo tabashooyinka waaweyn eey goobtu soo aragtay. Dabadeed waxa loo horseeday hab ay ku sifeeyaan sababaha, goobaha, waqtiyada iyo xilliyada, dhibabaneyaasha, dembiileyaasha, tabta iyo hubka, iyo heerarka agaasinka ee nooca kasta oo rabash hore. Aakirkii, waxa la weydiistay inay sheegaan shakhsiyaadka ama hay’adaha ay aamineen kahortaga iyo jawaab-celinta rabshadaha. Koox kasta waxa uga qeybgalay 15 illaa 20 xubnood, dedaalna waxa loo galay xaqiijinta jinsi kaladuwan, da’ kaladuwan, iyo dad deggan meelo kaladuwan in si isle’eg umattalaan; qeybta ugu muhiimsanayd, waa la gaadhay. Qeybihii ugu muhiimsanaa, arrintan waa lagu guuleystay.

2.4 Wareysiyo Xog-ogaal Muhiima

Adkeynta nabadgelyada baa dhibtay inay baadheyaashu hore ugu sii gudbaan baadhis cilmiyeed goobta Degmada Laas Caanood. Sidaasooy tahay, UNDPdu waxay qaabshay tiro wareysiyo xog-ogaala si ay riboodhkan usiiso warbixin dheeraad, xaga naqshadeynta Degmada Laas Caanood iyo siay u iftimiso qaraarrada CVS/sahanka. Waxaana kujirey dawlada hoose, xubno Guddiyada Ammaanka Degmada, iyo weliba xubno qabiilka Dhulbahante oo deggan Hargeisa.

2.5 Ansixin

Dib-u-eegid xafiiseed oo inta ka ballaadhan iyo natiijooyinka wadahadalada kooxaha waxa soo qortay Saferworld bishii September 2010. Kadib markay sii tifatireen, shaqaalaha UNDP iyo OCVP waxay tageen Laas Caanood November 2010 siay warbixinta ugu bandhigaan Guddiga Amniga ee Degmada Laas Caanood. Intii habkani socday, warbixin kaloo tayasan baa la helay.



3 Naqshadeynta Degmada Laas Caanood

3.2 Farriimo Taariikhi

Taariikhdu, oo weli kutaalla maskaxda dad badan oo deggan Laas Caanood, waxay qeyb muhiima ka ciyaartaa ismarinwaaga udhexeeya Puntland iyo Somaliland ee gobolka Sool (iyo Bariga Sanaag).7 Waxa siweyn looga sheekeeyaa dagaalkii Daraawiishta, 21 sano oo halgan gummeysi-diid ah oo bilaabmay 1899kii oo uu hogaaminayey Mohamed Abdullah Hassan, hoggaamiye ruuxi ah oo sida caamka ah loogu yeedhi jirey afka gumeysiga “Wadaadka Waalan”. Marka laga yimaado dhiidhiga gumeysiga, Wadaadku wuxu uxagliyaa Akhwaanul Muslimiinta Soomaaliya waxaana xurmaysay taariikhda Somalida. Dhulkiisa waxa xarun u ahayd qalcadiisa Taleex oo carro Dhulbahante ah, iyo Bariga Sanaag oo carro Warsangeli. Inuu dhiidhigu dhab ahaan abaabulay illaa heer uu sameysmo maamul uur-jiif ah oo gaadhaya gobolada Sool, Sanaag iyo Cayn waa laga doodi karaa, inkastoo maanta ay qaar ku xidhiidhiyaan dhaqdhaqaaqan Dawlada Darawish. Dhiidhigan waxa dadka mideeyey wuxu qaraabonimo iyo halgan gumeysi-diid ah, iyo hanuun diimeed – dadka bariga Burco madhabta Salihiya, oo ah aydhoolajiyad Islaamiya oo asalraac ah marka la barbardhigo madhabta ka dulqaadka badan ee Qadiriya ee galbeedka. Hase yeeshee, bulshadu iskumay raacin taageerada Daraawiishta, iyaguna ay xadgudub baahay ugeysteen dadweynaha. Wadaadkii Waallaa Biritishka baa millatari ahaan ujebiyey 1920kii; intaa dabadeed maamulkii gumeysigu wuxu xukun aan sahlanayn ku hayey carro Dhulbahante.

Tobanaan sano kadib, colaadaa ka dillaacay intii xukunkii Siyaad Barre, oo siyaasadiisii kala-qeybi oo xukun ay sii dheeraysay qeybsanaantii beelaha ku salaysnayd. Xubno beelaha Dhulbahante iyo Warsangeli baa kubiiray dagaalkii lidiga ku ahaa Somali National Movement (SNM) ee Isaaqu hormuudka ka ahaa kahor intaan taliskii burburin 1991kii. Abuuridii gobolka Sool ee 1986kii baa iskuday kale uu Siad Barre rabay inuu hantiyo beesha Dhulbahante isagoo u aqoonsanaya dhulkooda gobol maamul leh. Sida dhulka la garbiyo oo kale, gobolka Sool wuxu soo maray xiisado kooxeed iyadoo taliskii Barre ay jaaliyadaha qaar taageereen kuwo kalen ay ka soo horjeesteen (Dhulbahante taagray Barre waxa horkacayey Ahmed Sulaiman Daffle, halka kuwa diidan uu hogaaminayey Garaad Ali Garaad iyo markii dambe Garaad Abdiqani). Waxa kaloo jirey colaado Isaq-Dhulbahante, kuwaasoo roonaaday kadib taxane heshiiyo nabadeed oo udhexeeyey labada dhinac sannadih 1990kii iyo 1991kii.

Kadib 1991kii, badi hogaamiyeyaasha Dhulbahante waxay kubiireen shirar nabadeed ee beelaha Somaliland. Tani waxay katurjumaysaa rabitaanka in laga fogaado isku-dhacyo kale oo dhexmara Dhulbahante iyo Isaq, qeybna kanoqoto dibuheshiin dalkoo dhan. Bilowgii, ajenduhu muu ahayn inay Somaliland ka madaxbanaanaato Somalia inteeda kale, iyo Dhulbahante, oo beesha Hawiyuhu sixun ula dhaqmeen mudadii dagaalka sokeeyaha ee Mogadishu, oo dareemay soojiidasho kabadan

7 Somali society is an oral culture, where historical knowledge is passed down generations in spectacularly detailed accounts. Many clan elders are walking encyclopedia, able to recount their clan’s history for generations. These historical notes were reconstituted from the accounts of several key informants, including but not limited to members of the Dhulbahante clan.



tan beelaha Koonfurta kubadan. Gobolka Sool waxa lagu daray Somaliland markay ku dhawaaqday inay kaxorowday Somalia, Dhulbahantuhu wuxu filayey awood qeybsi uu ka helo nidaamkan cusub.

Rejadii sibuuxda looma fulin. 1993kii kadib, Dhulbahante wuxu dareemay inaanay culays siyaasadeed ka haynin Somaliland, naruuradii dibuheshiisiintuna ay luntay. Markay wadahadalka qabanqaabada qaran-dhisku ka bilaabmeen Puntlandda deriska ah, inta badan hogaamiyeyaasha beesha Dhulbahante way kubiireen dedaalkan. Markay Puntland ugu dambeyntii ku dhawaaqday maamulkeeda 1998kii, xidhiidhka Somaliland iyo Dhulbahante hoos buu ahaa. Marxaladaasi, waxay Sool iyo Sanaag bari noqotay goob-dagaal oo weyn ee udhexaysa Somaliland iyo Puntland. Afar sano, iskudhacyo hubaysan baa sijoogta ah udhexmaray labada maamul. 2002dii, Puntland oo ka soo baxday dagaalkeedii sokeeye, caawimo xoog leh ka haysata dadka deegaanka baa Laas Caanood kala wareegtay Somaliland.

Laakiin rejadii dadku dhakhsay u dawakhday: maamulka Puntland waxyar buu maalgashaday gobolka Sool, marka laga reebo soo dirista kooxo maleeshiyaada, oo si dhakhso leh uga cadhaysiyey dadweynaha, oo rumeysnaa in la hakraday. Sharcidarradu waxay gaadhay heerar cusub: dad baa la toogtay ama la toorriyeeyey barqo cad baqdin la’aan. Iskudhacyo dhab ah oo dhexeeya xoogaga Somaliland iyo Puntland baa ka dhacay 2004tii meel 30 km galbeed ka ah Laas Caanood.

September 2007kii, maamulka Puntland wuu dumi gaadhay, ciidanka Puntland baa si dhuuban ufiday iyadoo Mogadishu ciidan geysay. Ethiopia ayaa riixasay lawreegida gobolka Sool ee maamulka Somaliland.8 Bulshadu waxay niyad-jabtey maamulka Puntland, waxaanay rejeeyeen inay Somaliland ukeeni doonto amarka iyo kaladambeynta ay aadka ugu baahan yihiin. Waxa kadhashay kacdon guud oo sidhakhso ah uhorseeday maleeshiyaadka Puntland inay nabad kubaxaan iyadoo ciidanka Somaliland ay gobolka uguureen. Inkastoo ay jireen 20 dhimasho keliya oo laxidhiidha dagaaladan, hadana qiyaastii kalabadh dadweynaha Laas Caanood way barokaceen. Qurbejoogtu waxa la moodaa inay door weyn kuleeyihiin baro-kaca: diidmada xoogan ee qurbejoogta Dhulbahante waxay horseeday in baro-kaca loo adeegsado agab siyaasadeed oo lidi ku ah maamulka Somaliland. Baro-kacu wuxu ukeenaya magac xumo maamulka Somaliland, dabadeed waxay qurbejoogtu kucadaadisa eheladooda inay kabaxaan gobolka, iyagoo ugu hanjabaya inay kajari doonaan lacagtay soo diraan. Illaa 7000 oo qoys baa uqaxay degmooyinka udhow (sida Xudun, Taleex, Bocama, Buhodle) iyo qeybo Puntland (Garowe iyo Bossaso). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, October 2007dii bay Somaliland dib-u-hanatay Laas Caanood, iyadoo helay woxoogaa caawimo maxalliya, safka-horena wuxu udurkay 50 km bariga Laas Caanood.9

Laas Caanood gudaheeda isbedelka amarka iyo kala-dambeyntu wuxu ahaa macno weyn. Kadib markay Laas Caanood ku soo noqdeen dadkii baro-kacay December 2007dii, bileyska iyo jaaliyada maxalliga ahi waxay bilaabeen inay sidhow uga shaqeeyaan dhameynta fal-dembiyeedka waxaana joogsaday rabshadaha ku-nasiibinta ah. Bileysku lamay wareegin hubka keliya, ee xataa tooriyaha; hubka wadooyinka laguma arko. Si naxdinleh, mudadii degganaanshuhu muu sii socon. 2008dii,

8 Ethiopia was concerned about militant Islamists who were infiltrating the north through Las Anod, and by the refuge given to fighters of the Ogaden National Liberation Front (ONLF) 9 Unsurprisingly, the extent of this local support is a hotly contested issue – some sources assert that local support for the take-over by Somaliland was considerable, while others claim that this take-over led to civil unrest.



ololihii doorashada ee ka horreeyey doorashada madaxtooyada Somaliland baa diirada kawreejiyey gobolka Sool, halkaasoo saddexda xisbi siyaasadeed ee horkacayey tartanka midna aanu rejo buuran ka qabin inuu helayo codad macno leh. Markay hay’adihii diirada kaduween gobolka, ammaan-darro baa korodhay. Weeraro bambaano – bamka wadada dhinaceeda oo ahaa ifafaale ku cusub dhulka- iyo dilal baa ku kacay intay ugu yartahay toban saraakiil sare oo Somaliland gudaha Laas Caanood intii udhexeysay November 2009 iyo dhamaadkii 2010ka. Ammaan-darradu waxay diciifisay taageeradii dadweynaha ee Somaliland.

Dhanka kale, 2007dii kadib, xubin beesha Dhulbahante, oo ahaa tartame madaxtooyada Puntland oo cadhaysan, baa gaashaanbuureystay koox yar oo odayaal ah siay u aasaasaan jabhada Sool Sanaag iyo Cayn (SSC) “Maamulka Midaynta iyo Bedbaadinta” – iyo dawlada sugaysa labadaba. Ujeedadeeda cad waa inay uhalgamaan dib-u-aasaaska Dawlada Darawish, laakiin dhab ahaan kooxdu inyar uun bay dhaantay magic warqad ku yaalla, Dhulbahante weyne grawshiiyo kamay helin. Keliya waxa ku biiray shakhsiyaad ay bulshadu yasto, ooy kujiraan dembiileyaal, qurbejoog dhaqan-celis ah oo ku guuldarraystay inay qoysaskooda dib-u-dhexgalaan, una arkay inay SSCdu mashruuc dakhli samayn ah. Ujeedooyinka cad ee SSCdu hubaal way soojiiteen qurbejoogta, oo dhaqaale ahaan taageera. Unkankeeda waxa lagaga dhawaaqy magaalada Nairobi 10September 2009.

November 2010kii, toban maalmood uun kadib markuu wefti dawlada Somaliland uu oofiyey ballantii doorashada ee inay la kulmayaan SSCda, dagaal baa ka qarxay Kalshale udhexeeya xubin Dhulbahante iyo mid Habar Jeclo. Ciidamo Somaliland baa goobta loo diray. Go’aanka waxa loo fahmay inuu ufaa’iido badan yahay Habar Jeclo, mar haday SSCduna tahay kooxda keliya ee sifuran ula dagaalanta ciidamada Somaliland, beesha Dhulbahante baa kadambeysa kooxda. Dawladu wadahadal bay kumartigelisay xubn SSCda, taasoo siinaysa kooxda saaxad siyaasadeed oo kordhisay sii fogaanta gaadhisteedu.

3.3 Juqraafiga iyo Dadka

Laas Caanood waa mid kamida lixda magaalo ee Somaliland ugu waaweyn. Waa caasimada gobolka Sool, oo ku yaalla xuduuda bari ee Somaliland (ee lagu loollamo), ee magaceeda siisay dawlada hoose ee degamaday ku taallo.11 Sool waa gobol oomane ah abaartana unugul, oo 50 hektar oo keliya ay tahay dhul roobaad lafasho, marka labarbar dhigo 9,800 ee hektar ee galbeedka dalka.12

10 See also United Nations, Report of the Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea pursuant to Security Council resolution 1916 (2010), 18 July 2011, p. 26 11 Las Anod also gives its name the administrative district it is situated within. This is one of seven within Sool region. 12 UN/World Bank, op. cit., p. 8.



Jaantuska 1: Khariirada Somaliya

Source: United Nations Administrative Map, 2011

Qiyaasta dadweynaha ee degmadu ma sugna, inta udhexeysa 120,000 illaa 250,000.13 Waxa la hubaa in dhulkaas deg-deg ukordhay dagaalkii sokeeyaha 1991kii kadib, aad ukordhay illaa laga yaabee toban jeer dadkii dagaalka hortii waqtiga isdhexgalka.

Gobolka Sool sida qaalibka ah waxa ku nool beesha Dhulbahante, oo usii kalabaxa abtirsiinta (maxalli ahaan loo yaqaan qabiil) Muhamoud Garaad iyo Farah Garaad. Abtirsiimada kale ee Dhulbahante waxay wadajir usamaysteen la yidhaa Baha Nugaleed si ay uga hortagaan saameynta Muhamoud Garaad iyoFarah Garaad. Dadka meesha ku nool een Dhulbahante ahayni waa “ajanabi”.

Ku salaysan CVS/sahanka, qoys walba wuxu ka kooban yahay 8.8 people: 4.8 lab, 4.1 dhedig. Kuwan waxa kujira iskucelcelis 4.2 dhalinyaro 15ka ka hooseysa qoyskiiba (2.3 lab, 1.9 dhedig). Jawaabeyaasha xoogoodu waxay cadeeyeen inay yihiin beesha Darod (92.5%), dhamaan qabaa’ilka kale in ka yar boqolkiiba 3.0 (Tirada 2).

13 The lower estimate was provided by UNDP Somalia’s Community Mapping exercise in early 2010; the higher estimate from Reliefweb, ‘Las Anod town urban vulnerability update 7 July 2003’, Reliefweb.



Tirada 2: Qabiilka Madaxa Qoyska (Cabbirka. %)

Ref. RP9 (n=798)

Boqolkiiba 83.9 jawaabeyaasha qoysasku waxay cadeeyeen inay dad joogto udeggan, boqolkiiba 12.8 ay yihiin baro-kacayaal/IDP iyo boqolkiiba 3.3 qaxooti (Error! Reference source not found.).

Tirada 3: Sharciga Deganaanshaha (Freq. %)

Ref. RP10 (n= 799)

Marka la eego wadahadalada kooxaha faldembiyeedka meelaha ugu daran gudaha Laas Caanood waxa kamida Tuulo-Qoday, Daami, Samaley, Geedoqarsay iyo Farxaskule. Dadka meelahan deggani waa sabool, maeka laga reebo Tuulo-Qoday, waxay hoy uyihiin baro-kacoyaal asal kaladuwan. Daami waxa la ogyahay inay hoy utahay baro-kacayaal iyo weliba beesha laga tirade badan yahay Gabooye. Samaley waxay hoy utahay baro-kacayaal kayimid gobolka dibediisa. Sidoo kale, Geedoqarsay waxay martigelisaa baro-kacayaal ka cararay abarta koonfurta Somaliya, laakiin ah qoysas danyara. Farxaskule iyana waxay martigelisaa jaaliyado kaqaxay abaaraha. Wadahadalada kooxuhu ra’yiga xooggan ee laisku raacay waa inay jiraan xidhiidh diirran oo udhexeya baro-kacoyaasha iyo jaaliyadaha martigeliyey ee Laas Caanood waxaana xoojiyey qiimaha dhaqanka iyo diintay wadaagaan. Buuxdhaaf, saboolnimo iyo iftiin liita bay ogaadeen kooxuhu inay sabab uyihiin dembiyada goobahan.

92.5%

2.5% 1.5% 1.3% 1% 0.9% 0.4%0%

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40%

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80%

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Daarood Hawiye Bantu Issaq Digil-Mirifle Other Dir

83.9%

12.8%3.3%

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40%

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80%

100%

Permanent resident IDP Refugee



Jaantus 2: Khariirada Laas Caanood

Source: Google Maps.

3.4 Kheyraadku iyo Dhaqaalaha

Hantida gaarka waxay aasaas utahay dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaale ee Laas Caanood, iyo guud ahaan Somaliland. Marka lagu daro kalluumaysiga dhulka xeebaha iyo waxsoosaarka dalaga dhulka roobka badan yahay, koronto dhalinta, isgaadhsiinta, biyo qeybinta iyo qashin qubka, dhamaan waa ilo macno uleh dhaqaalaha Somaliland. Qeybahan dhamaan waa laga helaa Laas Caanood, laakiin magaaladu waxay sixoogleh ugu tiirsan tahay xoolaha nool (degmada iyo wareegeedu waxay qani ku tahay xoolaha nool); isgaadhsiintuna waa ilo-dhaqaale oo macno leh, lagu tiriyo boqolkiiba 40 dakhliga cashuurta dawlada hoose, sida laga helay ilo muhiima.14

Boqolkiiba 33.3 jawaabeyaasha Degmada Laas Caanood waxay sheegeen inay shaqo la’yihiin (Tirada 4). Saamiga ugu badan ee jawaabeyaasha shaqeeya (27.2%) waxay ushaqeeyaan kuuli ahaan. Nooca labaad ee shaqada ugu badani (13.8%) waa gadisley ama ganacsi, tan saddexaadna waa (11.9%) xoolo dhaqato. Saamiyada kale ee macnaha lihi waa beeralay (7.3%) iyo shaqaalaha dawlada (3.8%).

14 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las-Anod.

Government buildings, including main police station

FarxaskuleDaami

Geedoquarsay

Samaley



Tirada 4: Mihnada Madaxa Qoyska (Freq. %)

Ref. RP11 (n= 799)

Warbixin lagama heerka dakhliga sababtoo ah badi jawaabeyaashu kamay jawaabi karayn su’ashan. Hadaba, qiyaas ahaan jawaabeyaasha badh (47.2%) waxay cuntada maalinlaha ku isticmaalaan US$ 0.00 illaa US$ 9.99. waxa kaloo jira qeybo qoysas filiqsan oo kharasheeya intaa aad uga badan— boqolkiiba 13.8 qoysasku waxay kharasheeyaan US$ 16.00 illaa US$ 17.99; boqolkiiba 9.8 qoysaska waxay isticmaalaan US$ 24.00 illaa 25.00; iyo boqolkiiba 7.6 qoysaska waxay isticmaalaan US$ 32.00 illaa USD$ 33.99 (Tirada 5).

Tirada 5: Isticmaalka Cuntada Maalinlaha (Doollar) (Cabbir. %)

Ref. RP13, n=672

3.5 Helida Adeega Aasaasiga

Xogta adeega aasaasiga ee Laas Caanood waa dhif. Guud ahaan, Somaliland way kuliidataa badiba tuseyaasha horumarinta. Miisaaniyada dawladu waxay ku baxdaa asal ahaan dhowrida qeybta nabadgelyada (oo qaadaneysa qiyaas ah 50% miisaaniyada) una dhaafaysa adeega shicibka qiyaas ah

33.3%27.2%

13.8% 11.9%7.3%

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boqolkiiba 7 ee horumarinta.15 Ururo bulsho oo firfircoon baa barbar kacay qeybta gaarka ah siay u fuliyaan adeegyo bulsho oo badan. CVS/sahanku wuxu warbixino kala dhexbaxay adeega aasaasiga isagoo eegaya tuseyaasha waxbarashada.

Helida waxbarashadu way xadidan tahay Somaliland (qadarka isqorista guud 48% wiilasha iyo 32% gabdhaha). CVS/sahanku wuxu shaaciyey in boqolkiiba 44.8 madaxda qoysaska la sahamiyey ee degmada Laas Caanood aanay helin waxbarasho. Boqolkiiba 30.2 ay heleen waxbarasho aan-rasmi-ahayn iyo boqolkiiba 25.0 sirasmi ah wax ubarteen. (Tirada 6).

Tirada 6: Nooca iyo Heerka Waxbarasha Madaxa Qoysaska (Freq. %)

Ref. RP14, RP15, RP16 (n=778)

Inta sida rasmiga wax ubaratay, boqolkiiba 45.9 baa dhameysatay dugsi sare ama sakendari; boqolkiiba 30.9 kale waxay galeen ama dhameysteen dugsi dhexe; iyo boqolkiiba 15.5 sii watay siay udhameystaan shahaadad jaamacad ama kulliyad; boqolkiiba 7.7 keliya baa dhameystay dugsi hoose.

Inta sida aan-rasmiga-ahayn wax-u-baratay, boqolkiiba 75.4 waxay galeen nooc dugsi diimeed ah. Boqolkiiba 22.9 waxay heleen hab tabobar ee xirfadaha nolosha ama qorida, iyo boqolkiiba 1.7 dheeraad ahi waxay sheegeen inay heleen waxbarasho siday kuheleen aanu kucadayn CVS/sahanka.

3.6 Maamulka

Laas Caanood waxay ka midtahay 42 degmo ee ku faafsan lixda gobol ee Somaliland. Xukundaadejinta macnaheedu waa inay degmo walba masuul katahay gaadhsiinta adeega. Xukunwadaajinta maaliyada iyo maamulku waa hawll socota, hadaba: awooda maxalliga ee dakhli samaynta guud ahaan waa diciif, shaqaalaha safka horena xirfado ma laha. Tani qeyb ahaan bay masuul katahay adeeg xumada.16 Intaa waxa dheer, ma jiraan maayarro ama gole deegaan oo gobolka Sool laga soo doortay: kani waa gobolka keliya Somaliland ee aanay doorashada dawladaha

15 Ibid., p. 4-5 and p. 11. 16 Ibid., p. 10.

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hoose kaqabsoomayn. Halkii la dooran lahaa, Badhasaabka ayaa soo gudbiya tartameyaasha Madaxweynuhuna wuu magacaabaa.

Degmadu waxay kufadhidaa dhul ay sheegtaan Puntland iyo Somaliland labaduba, oo ka dhigan joogitaanka ciidan ee labada maamul gees walba ee xadka lagu tartamayo. Somaliland hada waxay xukuntaa maamulka saddex gobol ee xadka galbeed Puntland ku muransan tahay: Sool, Sanaag iyo Cayn. Sheegashada Somaliland ee goboladan waxay ku salaysan tahay inay fadhiyaan dhulkii ahaa British Somaliland xilligii gumeysiga iyo inay Somaliland xuduudan dhaxashay mudadii uhorreysay ee madaxbanaanadii gaabnayd ee 1960dii. Puntland waxay keentaa sheegasho ku salaysan beel, mar haday dadka gobolka deggan ay isku yihiin Darod oo ubadan Puntland.



4 Fahamka Ammaan-darrada

Dareenka ama fahamka amni-darrada waxa caddeeya sida dadku uhagaajiyaan dhaqankooda. Iyagu waa isku-xidhka ugu weyn ee udhexeeya nabada iyo horumarinta.

Markaay kadoodayeen eey qeexayeen amni-darrada, jawaabeyaasha kooxuhu waxay liisteeyeen dagaalada tooska xooggan ee cabsida (sida colaad iyo fal-dembiyeed hubaysan) iyo kuwa dadban ama noocyo qaabeysan (saboolnimo, gaajo, biyo-yaraan, iyo sidoo kale, oo dhamaan tilmaamaya yasida). Tusaale, haweenay jawaabe ah baa kuqeexday rabshada sidan: “Haddaan meel tago oon arko waxaanan xamilaynin, sida gaajada oo kale… rabshadu waa taas.” Laakiin kaqeybgaleyaashu waxay siweyn uqireen inay imika degmadu ka amni fiican sidii hore ooy ugu wacan tahay degganaanta Puntland iyo Somaliland. Calaamad kale oo lagu cabbiro nabadu waa ololihii doorashada ee horraantii 2010kii, kaasoo guud ahaan nabad ahaa, sameeyeyna isbedel dhab marka loo eego berigii hore ee siyaasiyiinta aan loo ogolayn inay ka ololeeyaan goobta. Kaqeybgaleyaashaasi dareensan inay meeshu amni darantahay waxay utirinayaan saadaal la’aanta SSCda, oo horraantii 2010kii qarxisay bambooyin taxane. Intaa waxa kadaran, dareenka amni-darrada waxa lagu nisbeeya maamulka diciifka ah Somaliland iyo inaanay ballan qaadi karin nidaam iskuxidhan oo dawli ah.

CVS/sahanku wuxu daboolka kaqaaday inay dadk Laas Caanood deggani u arkaan isbedelku aad amni uyahay. Boqolkiiba 70.8 jawaabeyaashu waxay caddeeyeen inay ugu yaraan jaaliyadoodu ka yara amni roon tahay illaa aad uga amni roontahay, oo haweenka qiimeyntoodu waxoogaa ka taxadir badan tahay tan raga. (Tirada 7).

Tirada 7: Isbedelka Aragtida Amniga 12kii Bilood ee u Dambeeyey (Cabbir. %)

Ref. PV1 (n=788), Female (n=498), Male (n= 288)

Silamida, jawaabeyaasha CVS/sahanku boqolkiiba 71.0 waxay sheegeen in habeen-socodku yara halkii aad u ammaan ah. Markii jinsi ahaan loo kala saaro, raga ayaa ka kalssoni badan haweenka. (Tirada 8).

11.513.9

30.9

43.8

13.518.1

36.531.9

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

Became very unsafe Became a little unsafe

Became a little safer Became a lot safer

Male

Female



Tirada 8: Heerka aragtida ammaanka socodka maqribka kadib (Miisamey %)

Ref. PV2 (n=777), Female (n=509), Male (n=288)

Si loo qiimeeyo saameynta amni-darrada, CVS/sahanku wuxu weydiiyey dhaqdhaqaaqyada ay udaayeen amni-darro awgeed. Inta udhexeysa boqolkiiba 10.0 iyo 21.0 jawaabeyaashu waxay yidhaahdeen inay iska daayaan sida cunto iyo biyo raadin, ama tegida suuqa, iwm. Xoolo ama hanta bannaanka lagu hayo waxa loo arkaa amni-darro, oo illaa boqolkiiba 61.9 haween ah, iyo boqolkiiba 45.6 raga ah baa hawshan amni-darro awgeed udaayey. (Tirada 9).

Tirada 9: Dhaqdhaqaaqyada loo daayey ammaan-darro awgeed (Miisaamey %)

Ref. PV3 (n=793), PV4 (n=795), PV5 (n=788), PV6 (n=794), PV7 (n=793)

Fahamka ammaanka waxa kaloo saameyn kuleh maraga colaadaha. Wadar 108 jawaabeyaasha CVS/sahanka (13.5% tijaanada iyo jawaabeyaasha) waxay sheegeen inay goobjoog u ahaayeen gef ama dembi cid kabaxsan qoyskooda laga galay 12kii bilood ee ka horreeyey sahanka. Badiba jawaabeyaashu waxay caddeeyeen inay arkeen dembi hanta ama gef/weerar. (Tirada 10).

6.9

17.7

26.4

49.0

6.1

25.3

36.032.6

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

Very unsafe Rather unsafe Rather safe Very safe

Male

Female

12.9 10.4 15.3 13.9

45.6

21.3 17.6 17.9 18.1

61.9

0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.0

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Tirada 10: Tirada dembiyada la arkay (Cabbir.)

Ref. WV2 (n=103), WV3 (n=106)

148

103

153

106

020406080

100120140160180

Number of crimes witnessed Number of witnesses

Property crime

Assault



5 Noocyada Amni-darrada iyo Rabshadaha

Noocyada dembiyeed ee dagaalada ooy kujiraan dembiyada heerka sida dad-dilis, weerarka, rabshadaha galmada, ama dembi hantiyeed. Ra’yiga Somalida, faldembiyo gooni ah ayaa sida badan loo arkaa curiyeyaal colaad salballaadhan iyo daqgaal-kooxeed. Siday muujinayso Shaxdan hoose, waxa mudnaanta lasiiyey mawduucyada amniga oo kaladuwan (marmarna si ballaadhan loo qeexay)17 oo ay koox waliba caddeysay:

Shaxda 1: Kalahorreysiinta Noocyada kaladuwan ee Rabshadaha

Haweenka Dhalinta Baro-kaca yeyaasha

Waayeelka iyo Hogaamiyeyaasha Diinta

Dawladaha Hoose

Dadka tuul- Ada/Dhulka Miyiga

1 Khilaafka Dhulka

Khilaaf Siyaasadeed

Muranka Dhulka

Horumar Gaabis

Muranka Dhulka, sida, degmooyin cusub oo ka soo baxay dhul hore daaqsiina

Muranka Dhulka

2 Rabshadaha Dhalinta

Haysasho Hub Magdhowga aan La Bixin

Khilaaf Siyaasadeed

Saboolnimo Colaad Beel ku Salaysan

3 Dagaal Jaar (ka unkamay dagaal caruur)

Shaqola’aanta Kufsi

Khilaafka Dhulka

Kufsi (marmar)

4 Kufsi, Dembi/Tuugo

Tuugo Moobil (badi haweenka la beegsanayo)

Shaqola’aanta

Colaada Biyaha/Ceelasha

5 Tuugo Moobil (badi haweenka la beegsanayo)

Khilaaf Ganacsi

Weeraro Qabiil

Weeraro Qabiil

Shilalka Wadooyinka

6 Rabshadaha lidka ku ah Haweenka, gaar ahaan, KUFSIGA

Bedbaadada Wadooyinka

Xadgudubka Ciidamada ee Xuquuqda Binaadamka (tuugada iyo kufsi)

Qeybtan soo socota waxay bilaabaysaa falanqeynta noocyada kaladuwan ee rabshado kooxeedka eey kooxuhu sheegeen, kahor intaanay keenin xogo tayaysan ooy ka soo ururiyeen dembiyada shakhsiyaadka.

17 Items in italics are not considered forms of insecurity and violence for the purpose of this baseline report and are therefore addressed further in the discussion of drivers and risk factors. Road safety/road accidents will not be discussed here as they do not refer to interpersonal violence.



5.1 Dhaliyeyaasha Colaada

Sida kor ku xusan, rabashka kooxuhu wuxu badiyaa caddeeyaa noocyada dembiyada dadka kadhexeeya sida dad-dilka iyo weerarka, waanay adagtahay in lagu qeybiyo sahanka/CVS dhexdiisa. Boqolkiiba 49.2 jawaabeyaasha waxay sheegeen inuu muranku keliya dhaco weligiiba ama ugu dhawaan weligiiba (Tirada 11).

Tirada 11: Soonoqnoqodka Muranka iyo Khilaafka Beesha/Jaaliyada (Cabbir. %)

Ref. CD1 (n=728)

Markay dhacaan, muranka beelaha Laas Caanood wxa badiba shida khilaafka kheyraadka (sida, biyaha ama dhul) (49.1%). Waxa kaloo aad u siikiciya aargoosiga (20.2%) iyo muranka qoyska (18.4%). Waxaan sida badan colaadaha aan hurin waa dembiyada ay kadhashaan (tuugo, dhac, kufsi, iwm) (8.3%); dagaal dhaqan ama awood (2.8%); ama huriyeyaasha kale ee aan lagu sifeyn CVS/sahanka (1.2%) (Tirada 12).

Tirada 12: Sababaha ugu weyn Muranka Beelaha/Jaaliyadaha (Cabbir. %)

Ref. CD3 (n= 326)

Arrinta khilaafka beelaha, kooxaha beelaha oo hubeysan (mileeshiyaad) baa isku qaad-qaada. Colaada soo noqnoqotaa inta badan waxay ka dhalataa kheyraadka biyaha, dhulka iyo daaqsinta.

49.242.9

6.31.6

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

Never or almost none

Yearly Monthly Weekly

Resources (land, water)

50%

Family disputes

19%

Crime (theft, robbery, rape, murder etc.)

8%

Power or cultural struggle

3%

Revenge20%



Laakiin milishiyaadka beeluhu waxay kala raaceen muranka dhulka ee Somaliland iyo Puntland. Qeybaha soosocdaa waxay eegayaan murannada dhulka, biyaha, magdhowga, dagaalka xaafadaha, iyo xiisadaha siyaasada.

5.1.1 Xurgufaha Dhulka

Iyadoo kusalaysan dhaqanka xoolo-dhaqatada, dhulka aaga Laas Caanood muddo dheer baa la wada lahaa, ooy beelo gaar ahi helayaan oo ay xukumaan soone daaqsimeed kaladuwan. Rabashaduhu inta badan waa xilliyeed, oo ay kooxo raadinayaan inay xukumaan dhulka daaqa fiican xilliga roobka iyo ilaha biyaha xilliga abaarta. Tani qeyb ahaan waa dano dhuleed awgeed iyo dedaalo in lagu kordhiyo xukunka iyo awooda, laakiin baahida dhabta ahi way kicisaa colaada beelaha.

Qeybo Somaliland ah, imika dhulka waxa loo ootaa kaganacsiga dhanka xoolaha.18 Sharci darro xeerka sharciga, tani waxay noqonaysaa inay kordhiso tartanka udhexeeya xoolo-dhaqatada ee inta hadhay dhulka daaqa iyo daajinta.

Mushkiladahani guud ahaan kamay dhicin dhulka magaalooyinka, ee dhaqdhaqaaq cusub baa imika sida muuqata soobaxaya sababtoo ah magaalaynta, ooy shakhsiyaad iyo kooxo doonayaan inay xukumaan dhulka degmooyinka iyo horumarinta magaalada. Kooxuhu/focus groupsku, waxa siweyn loo dareemay inay badhtamaha magaalooyinku kufidayaan wixii hore u ahaa dhulka daajinta ee jaaliyada. Muuqaalkani, wuxu inna tusayaa korid magaalo oo aan lahubsan inay khatar gelinayso nolosha xoolo-dhaqatada.

5.1.2 Colaadaha Biyaha

Laas Caanood waxay sida badan aragtaa abaaro waxaana asiiba biyo yaraan. Marka la eego sicirka la duldhigay biyaha, kooxaha beeluhu waxay ku tartamaan helitaanka iyo xukunka goobaha biyaha. Muran baa ka dhasha horseeda rabshado, khaasatan markay kooxi doonto inay si gaara gacan ugu hayaan ilo biyood. Marar kale, muranku wuxu ka dhashaa cidda xoolohoodu hor cabayaan. Tani waxay yeelan kartaa qiyaas/cabbir beeleed ama beelo (abtirsiin ku salaysan).

Waxa kaloo jirta qiyaas miyi-magaalo ah ee muranka biyaha. Inkastoo aad u biyo badan tahay, Laas Caanood iskuma filla dhanka biyaha. Dawlada Hoose imika waxay adeegsataa baabuur siay biyo uga raadiyaan baraagaha iyo ilo biyood kale oo miyiga siay ugu qeybiyaan dadka magaalada deggan. Tani waxay sii naaxisaa ciil-qabka dadka reer guuraaga, oo biyaha ugu baahan xoolohooda iyo isticmaalka maalinlaha.

5.1.3 Muranka Magdhowga

Waxa la yidhi colaada beelaha Laas Caanood waxay kabilaabantaa sida badan marka gef dhaco inta magdhowga la bixinayo (diya).19 Marka la eego jawaabeyaasha kooxaha, laba siyaabood baa jira oo

18 UN/World Bank, op. cit., p. 7. 19 Under the Somali customary legal system (xeer), victims of different crimes (e.g. killings, maiming, etc.) are to be compensated by the perpetrator with a determined number of livestock. The cost of such reparations is



colaadi kadhalato heshiisyada magdhowga. Kow, meeshay dembiilaha iyo xigtadiisu magdhow siin waayeen qoyska dhibaneha, natiijadu waa xiisad qabiil oo sixun isugu rogta rabshado (xanuunjisa xigtada dhibanaha iyo dembiilaha, labadaba). Labaad, xubin kamida xigtada dembiilaha oo fulin waaya qaadhaanka qeybtooda, taasoo dhalinaysa muran beeleed oo horseedaya rabshado beeleed.

5.1.4 Dagaalka Xaafadaha

Iyagoo isku nooc ah, kana miisaan yar, dagaalka xaafadaha waxa sida badan kiciya muran caruurta dhexmara xilliga ciyaarta kahor intaanay hooyooyinkood soojiidan. Dagaaladu waxa kalooy ka dilaacaan qashin qubka, markay aweenka xaafadu qubayaan. Rabash kooxeed bay dhalin kartaa haddii dagaaladu sii socdaan, ragguna soo galaan. Magac qabiil oo xoog leh ee bulshada ku fida baa xumeeya arrinka, taasoo muranka caruurta u rogi karta kala sarreyn iyo cuqdad qabiil. Intaa waxa ka daran, xaafaduhu waxay u kala deggan yihiin layn qabiil, haddii caruuro kala xaafad ahi ay wada ciyaaraan, muran ka dhexdhasho, waxay soojiidanaysaa haweenka xaafado badan. Kooxuhu waxay xuseen inay haweenku yihiin dembiileyaasha ugu weyn dagaalkka xaafadaha, oo sida badan dhaca maalintii.

5.1.5 Xiisad Siyaasadeed

Labada maamul hadda waa nabad, laakiin muranka xadku wuxu yahay isha xiisadda labada dhinac ka soo baxdo. Labada maamul ee hirdamayaa ciidamo ayey xadka soo tumeen, oo qaar kamida focus groups/kooxuhu ku eedeeyeen meel-ka-dhac xuquuqda aadamaha. Muranka xadka waxa sii xoojiyey joogitaanka malleeshiyada (SSC) Sool-Sanaag-Caynabo. Inkastoo la rumeysan yahay inay jabhadu ka kooban tahay koox yar oo dagaalyahano ah, hadana waxay leedahay joogitaan firfircoon aaggaga kabaxsan Laas Caanood sida Buuhodle (caasimada gobolka cusub ee Cayn), Buulo-Wadar (oo udhexaysa Laas Caanood iyo Garowe) iyo Widh Widh (labada meelood ee udambeeya waxa la rumeysan inay meelahay ugu xooga weyn yihiin). Kuma lug laha imika dagaallo furan: “qofna dhulkiisa burburin maayo”, waxa yidhi xubin kamida Guddiga Amniga ee Degmada Laas Caanood. Si kastaba, dadku waxay kabaqayaan in khilaafka siyaasadeed dib-u-bilaabo barokac hor leh.

Inkastooy tiro ahaan yar tahay, jabhada SSC waxay si aad ah ugu guulaysatay in ka badiso mucaaridkooda, waxaanay u muuqata inay si sahal ah umushaaxaan. Hadana, go’aankoodu ma cada. Xisaabta qaar waxay leedahay SSCdu waxay rabtaa jamhuuriyada Sool oo Madaxbannaan, qaar kale waxay leeyihiin inay la midowdo Puntland (maamulka Puntland waxa lagu xantaa inuu taageero SSCda). Sharraxaad kale waa waxay jabhadu la rabaasaysaa sababtoo ah hogaamiyeyaashooda ku hungoobay boosas siyaasadeed ee Puntland iyo Somaliland labadaba. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, jabhada waxa garab taagan beeshooda, ooy kujirto kaalmo dhaqaale. Waxa kaloo la ogyahay in jabhada beeluhu ay kala raacaan dhinacyada muranka dhulku ka dhexeeyo.

borne communally by the perpetrator’s kin, and the community agrees on how much each member should raise.



5.2 Dad-dilis

Dad-dilka waxa lagu ogaaday CVS/sahanka sida weerar horseedaya dhimasho. Todoba dhacdo oo dad-dil ah baa la sheegay (5.6% jawaabayeyaasha, 0.9% tijaabada). Lix dhibane oo lab ah iyo hal dhediga, inta udhexeysa 11 illaa 54 jir (Tirada 13).

Tirada 13: Dhibaneyaasha Dad-dilis, ee Da’da iyo Jinsiga (Cabbir.)

Ref. AA11_RxA12_R (n=7)

Dhamaan dhibaneyaashu waxay ahaayeen beesha Daarood; lix dadka deggan ah, iyo hal barokace. Saddex dhacdo waxay ka dhaceen wadada, iyadoo mid walba uu kadhacay guriga, xerada/kaynta/ayda, iyo meel kale oo aan ku caddayn CVS/sahanka. Saddex dil waxay dhaceen habeen, laba gelin dambe, iyo hal subax ah.

Inkastoo CVS/sahanku aanu haynin faahfaahin dheeraada ee dhimashada, kooxuhu/focus groupsku waxay falanqeeyeen in dhaliyeyaasha kiciyey dilalkan ay yihiin wareegyo aargoosi ah, taasoo marmar noqota muran dabadheerada. Waxa la xusay in rabshadaha ciqaab-marintu – ooy odayaashu xukumaan markay khilaaf xallin kari waayaan ama ay guuldarraystaan inay magdhowga xaqiijiyaan – waa inay kala saarto dilka aargoosiga, oo ay galeen qoyskii ama beeshii laga dhintay si ay ugu aaraan utun hore (sida, falka kufsi, dilka, iwm).20 Kuwan waxa badiba geysta rag dhalinyaro iyo da’ dhexaada, hubkay caadiyan u adeegsadaan waa (qoriga Kalashnikov). Kaqeybgaleyaasha kooxuhu/focus groupsku waxay sheegeen in rag dhalinyara la abaabulo siay ufuliyaan dilalka aargoosiga oo qeyb ka ah colaada beelaha, iyadoo haweenkuna ku tirtirsiyayaan odayaashuna u baarikayaan. Dilalku waxay ka dhici karaan miyi iyo magaalo labadaba. Dhaqan ahaan dilalka aargoodigu way fogyihiin, badiba jawaabeyaasha CVS/sahanku waxay dareemeen inay odayaashu si fiican uga hadleen.

5.3 Weerarka Qofka ama Weerar

98 jawaabe CVS/sahanka waxay caddeeyeen inay ahaayeen dhibaneyaal weerar shakhsi iyo weerar kaleba 12kii bilood ee ka horreeyey sahanka (12.3% tijaabada iyo jawaabeyaasha). 68 kamida waxay sheegeen inay dhibaneyaal noqdeen hal mar, 25 la weeraray laba jeer, iyo shan la weeraray saddex jeer ama ka badan.

Weerarka qofku wuxu dhacaa waqti kasta oo habeen iyo maalina, oo boqolkiiba 30.6 subax, boqolkiiba 35.7 gelindambe, iyo boqolkiiba 33.7 habeen. Meelaha ugu badan ee dhibku ka yimaado waa suuqa subaxdii (15.3%), ooy soo raacdo wadada habeenkii (12.2%), iyo guriga galabtii (11.2%).

20 Muranka magdhowga waxa lagaga hadlayaa qeybta Error! Reference source not found.

0

1

11 25 30 38 53 54

Male

Female



Suuqa iyo wadada labaduba galabtii waxay unugul yihiin weerarka, oo boqolkiiba 8.2 iyo boqolkiiba 7.1 baa la weeraraa siday ukala horreeyaan (Tirada 14).

Tirada 14: Weerarka Qofka ama Weerar, Goorta iyo Goobta (Cabbir. %)

Ref. AA5 (n=98)

77 kamida 98ka dhibaneyaasha weerarku waxay sheegeen in hub lagu weeraray. Hubka la sheegay in la adeegsaday sida badan waa hubka qarxa (27.8%) oo boqolkiiba 18.4 ay noqonayaan nooca-Kalashnikov ama qori darandoori, boqolkiiba 8.2 ay ahaayeen baastoolad, iyo boqolkiiba 1 ama shoodhgan ama qoriga lagu ugaadhsado. Hub af-daran waxa loo adeegsaday weerarka boqolkiiba 23.7, iyo hub af-badan boqolkiiba 21.6 kiisaska (Tirada 15).

Tirada 15: Hubka la Adeegsaday Mudadii Weerarka (Cabbir %)

Ref. AA6 (n= 98)

5.1%4.1%

15.3%

1%3.1%

0%1% 1%

11.2%

7.1%8.2%

3.1%

0% 0% 0%1%

4.1%

12.2%

5.1% 3.1%

2%3.1% 3.1%

1%

0%2%4%6%8%

10%12%14%16%18%

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pub

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Morning

Afternoon

Night

No weapon21.6%

Stone, bottle, glass, rope, stick, fire

23.7%

Knife, sword, panga, axe,

club21.6%

Pistol, revolver8.2%

Hunting rifle, shotgun

1.0%AK-47,

automatic rifle18.6%

Bomb, explosive,

hand grenade, mine, etc.

5.2%



Boqolkiiba 46.6 dhibaneyaasha waxa ku dhaca dhaawac fudud, boqolkiiba 24.6 kale waxay la kulmaan dhaawac dhexe waxaanay ubaahdaan gegaar daaweyn iyo boqolkiiba 9.3 kale oo ubaahda cusbataal (Tirada 16).

Tirada 16: Halista Dhaawaca Weerarka (Cabbir. %)

Ref. AA13_R (n=118, homicide excluded)

5.3.1 Dhibaneyaasha

Dhibaneyaasha la ogyahay waxay udhexeeyaan 0 illaa 50 sano. Marka jinsiga loo kalasaaro, xogta CVS/sahanku waxay muujinaysaa inuu ragu uga khatar badan yahay haweenka loogana shakiyi karo inay ahaadaan dhibaneyaasha dagaalka xilliga fog. Da’da ugu sarreysa ee weerarka rag 15 illaa 19 jir, taasoo noqonaysa 21 wadarta weerarada oo 77 ah. Heer kaloo aad uga hooseeya, haweenka ayaa umuuqda kuwa ugu jilicsan weerarka da’da udhexeysa 15 iyo 29. Saddex iyo labaatan kamida wadarta 36ka weerar waxay ku dhaceen haweenka da’dan (Tirada 17).

Tirada 17: Dhibaneyaasha Weerarka, ee Jinsiga iyo Da’da (Freq.)

Ref. AA12_R1 by AA11_R (n=113), male (n= 77) and female (n= 36)

.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

Not injured Light injury (no need of

medication)

Medium injury (need medical

assistance)

Heavy injury (need

hospitalization)

1 2

7

21

1412

64 3

1

5

1 25 6

9 8

4

0 1 0 00

5

10

15

20

25

0-5

5-9

10-1

4

15-1

9

20-2

4

25-2

9

30-3

4

35-3

9

40-4

4

45-4

9

50-5

4

Male

Female



Barokaceyaasha iyo qaxootigu, inkastooy qeyb yar ka yihiin qoysaska Laas Caanood, (12.8% iyo 3.3% siday ukala horreeyaan, eeg Error! Reference source not found.), waxay maraan dulmi kabadan kan dad-u-dhashay/deggan (Tirada 18).

Tirada 18: Dhibaneyaasha Weerarka, ee Sharciga Degganaanta (Cabbir. %)

Ref. AA1xRP10 (n=796)

Tani waxa kalooy katurjumaysaa beel uqeybinta dhibaneyaasha weerarka, taasoo daboolka kaqaadaysa in labadii Digil-Mirifle iyo saddexdii Bantu ama Dir ah hal la weeraray, halkay qeybta Daarood gaadhay tobankii – hal keliya (Tirada 19).

Tirada 19: Dhibaneyaasha Weerarka, ee Beelaha (Cabbir %)

Ref. AA1xRP10 (n=795)

Jawaabeyaasha kooxuhu waxay dareemeen inay haweenku yihiin dhibaneyaasha ugu badan ee weerarka iyo noocyada kale ee rabashka, oo inta badan kufsi ah (eeg hoos, qeybta Error! Reference source not found.), gudniinka fircooniga, noocyo kaladuwan oo rabashka guriga, iyo boobka. Focus groups/kooxuhu waxay soo tabiyeen inuu rabashka gurigu sarreeyo, iyagoo leh waxay kulug leeyihiin raga oo weerara xaasaskooda, laakiin qaar baa cabbiray aragtida korodhka awooda dhaqaale ee haweenka, ragu waxay noqdeen dhibenayaasha qaska lamaanaha (inkastoo heer hoose yahay). Mushkilado kale, ooy kujiraan burburka iyo dayaca qoyska iyo haweenka waxbarashada loo diido, baa laga hadlay.

21.8%19.2%

10.5%

.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

IDP Refugee Permanent resident

50.0%

33.3% 33.3%

15.0%11.6% 10.0%

.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

Digil-Mirifle Bantu Dir Hawiye Daarood Issaq



5.3.2 Dembifaleyaasha

CVS/sahanka gudihiisa, dembifaleyaasha badidooda waxa loo aqoonsaday saaxiibo ama deris (32.6%), qeybta labaad ee ugu weyn dembifaleyaasha waxa loo aqoonsaday shakhsiyaad dembiileyaal (31.6%), waxa soo raacay xubno kooxo abaabulan oo hubaysan (14.7%), iyo xubno qoys ama xigto (10.5%). Waxa tiro yar loo aqoonsaday sida kooxo beeleedka (5.3%), xubnaha ciidanka dawlada ama bileyska (4.2%), iyo ciidan shisheeye21 (1.1%) (Tirada 20). Kudarsoo, shan dhibane weerar baa sheegay inay dembifaleyaasha saameysay daroogo ama khamri/alkolo.

Tirada 20: Dembifaleyaasha Weerarka ama Weerarka Muuqaal (Freq. %)

Ref. AA7 (n= 95)

Focus groups/kooxuhu waxay u aqoodeen in da’ yarta ragu ay masuul kayihiin rabshado kaladuwan, ooy kujiraan kufsi, boob, guri-jabsi, iyo dilal aargoosiya. Dhaqankan, waxa la yidhi waxa saameyn xun ku yeeshay shaqola’aanta, isticmaalka qaadka, iyo jaahilnimada.

5.4 Rabashka Galmada

Rabshadaha galmadu waxay khatar gaara kuyihiin haweenka. Siddeed iyo toban qoys baa caddeeyey inay hayaan xubin la faro-xumeeyey. Waxa la sheegay inay dhibaneyaashu ahaayeen da’da udhexeysa 10 illaa 29 sano, oo shilalka intooda badani kudhacdo haweenka da’doodu udhexeyso 15 iyo 19 jir (Tirada 21). Dhamaan dhibaneyaashu waxay ahaayeen dhedig; kiisaskan mid kamida dhibanaha lafteedii ayaa ahayd jawaab-celiye.

21 Waa in maanka lagu hayo in beesha Dhulbahante ay utixraacaan shakhsiyaadka beelaha kale “ajinabi”, sidaa awged waxa laga yaabaa in sifahan loo xigto ciidanka Somaliland.

32.6% 31.6%

14.7%10.5%

5.3% 4.2%1.1%

0%5%

10%15%20%25%30%35%

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N

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Fam

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Clan

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(arm

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Fore

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Tirada 21: Dhibaneyaasha Rabshadaha Galmada, ee Da’da (Cabbir.)

Ref. S5_R (n=12)

Siddeed kamida 18ka dhacdo ee faroxumeynta ahi waxay ka dhaceen xerada, ayda, ama kaynta, sida badan galabtii. Guud ahaan, gefafku badi waxay dhacaan galabtii, oo wadarta 9 kamida 18ka dhacdo. (Tirada 22).

Tirada 22: Rabshadaha Faroxumeynta, iyadoo Goobta iyo Goorta (Cabbir)

Ref. SV6 and SV7 (n= 18)

Siddeed dembiile baa la ogyahay inay ahaayeen dembiileyaal shaqsi oo aanay aqoon xubnaha qoysku, afar waxay ahaayeen qoyska ama xigto, afar waxay ahaayeen deriska ama saaxiibo, iyo labada udambeeya oo loo aqooday inay, siday u kala horreeyaan, yihiin mid koox hubeysan oo abaabulan kan kalena koox beeleed (Tirada 23).

1

7

2 2

0

2

4

6

8

10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29

0

3

0 011

01 1

6

12

10

1

01234567

Hom

e

Stre

et

Mar

ket o

r co

mm

erci

al

area

Wor

k Pl

ace

Fiel

d, B

ush,

Fo

rest

Morning

Afternoon

Night



Tirada 23: Dembiileyaasha Faroxumeynta (Cabbir.)

Ref. SV10 (n=18)

Sida la xusay, rabshadaha haweenka lidka ku ah baa tabasho weyn u ahayd kaqeybgaleyaasha haweenka ah ee kooxaha/focus groups, ooy ugu sarreeyeen liiska qaska guriga iyo kufsiga. Marka la eego kufsiga, gedisleyda dhedig (kuwaasoo aad u badan) baa u kashifan markay ku siijeedaan suuqa goor hore iyo markay soonoqdaan goor dambe. Dhulka miyiga, waxa lasheega inay haweenku nugul yihiin xilliga abaarta, iyagoo maalintii socda meelo fog ooy ka raadiyaan xaabo iyo biyo. Waxa kalooy khatar galaan waqtiyada ciyaaraha iyo xus dhaqameedka ee habeenkii xilliga abaaraha.

Tabashooyinka aasaasiga ee ku saabsan kufsiga ee jawaabeyaasha kooxaha waxa kamida ahaa meesha labartilmaansado gabadh gashaantiya, waxay odayaashu ku qasbaan inay guursato dembifalaha. Haweenayda la kufsado waxa laga cambaareynayaa bulshada iyo qoyskeeda dhexdiisa, fursado guur way yaraanayaan, sidaa darteed xalka sida badan la doorbidaa waa guurka dembiilaha, hadii xataa guurkaasi aanu ahayn mid guud ahaan waari doona. Jawaabeyaasha focus groups/kooxuhu waxa kalooy danaynayeen inay ka dhawaajiyaan inuu kufsigu colaad hurin karo markay dembiilaha iyo haweenaydu beelo kaladuwan ka soojeedaan.

5.5 Rabshadaha Lidka Caruurta

Kiisaska la ogyahay ee weerarka, 25 baa kudhacay 18 jir ama kayar, oo noqonaysa boqolkiiba 28.4 wadarta dhibaneyaasha weerarka (Tirada 24).

8

4 4

1 1

0

2

4

6

8

10

Individual crimal

Family, Relatives

Friends, Neighbour

Organized armed group

Clan group



Tirada 24: Rabshadaha Lidka Caruurta (Cabbir)

Ref. AA12 (n=25)

Sidoo kale, sida ku cad Tirada 21, ee kiisaska la cadeeyey ee rabshada galmada, siddeed baa kudhacay caruur iyo dhalinyaro 19 jir ama ka yar.

Wadahalka kooxaha waxa lagu sheegay inay habab kaladuwan ujiraan faroxumeynta iyo xadgudubka xuquuqda caruurta. Shaqaaleynta caruurtu waa xadgudubka ugu weyn ee xuquuqdooda. Tusaale loo bixiyey caruur xamaaliin ka ah goobo dhisme ama adeegayaal hudheelo illaa 12 saacadood maalintiba. Waxa kaloo dhaca caruurta la qabatimo si loo adoonsado (qoysaska tijaarta oo qabatima caruurta qoysaska saboolka). Waxa gumeysi/adoonsi udhigma, mar haddii caruurtu aanay ka hadleyn heshiiska shaqo, inta badana ay saacado badan shaqeeyaan. Waxa kaloo lafalanqeeyey, caruurtay tuuraan waalidka is-furay khaasatan markay aabeyaashu joojiyaan biil bixinta, iyo faro-xumeynta caruurta (oo la rumeysan yahay inay naadir tahay), garaaca caruurta ee guriga iyo dugsiga, iyo ilmo-dilka, taasi waxay dhici kartaa markay haweenku sidaan ilmo ka baxsan guur, waxaanay falkan geystaan si ay uga bedbaadaan go’doonka. Sarkaal bileysa oo ahaa jawaabe kooxeed (focus group respondent) baa sheegay 10 kiis oo faro-xumeyn iyo ilmo-dil isugu jira inay ka dhaceen Laas Caanood sannad gudihii kahor wadahadaladan.

Kaqeybgaleyaasha kooxuhu waxay fiiriyeen mushkilada qasab-ku-qorida caruurta iyo dhalinyada ee Laas Caanood. Waxay yidhaahdeen arrintani waxay inta badan kadhacdaa Dugsiyada Qur’aanka iyo Malcaamadaha halkaasoo ay macalimiintu qaabilaan kana dhaadhiciyaan mabda’. Qur’aanka oo qalad loo turjumo baa door weyn ku leh, iyo waalidka oon garanaynin waxa ubadkooda lagu baro dugsiyada ay qoreen. “Waxaanu maalgelinaa qorashada caruurrtayada/dhalinyarada,” sidaa waxa tidhi haweenay xubin ka ah Gudiga Amniga Degmada, iyadoo tixraaceysa gunnada dugsiga ee labixiyo. Macallimiintu waxay bixiyaan kaalmo maaliyadeed, hagid, iyo saad.

5.6 Afduubka

CVS/sahanku wuxu keydiyey shan dhacdo oo afduuba oo ku dhacday cid gudaha qoysaska jawaabeha. Baadhis xaga dadka ah ee kiisasku waxay shaaca kaqaaday in la beegsaday barokacayaasha iyo qoysas Bantu ah. Majiraan faahfaahin dheeraada oo ku xeeran arrimahan sidaa awgeed looma aanayn karo tahriibinta dadka ama qasab shaqo-qorida.

10 0 0

10 0

23

12 2

32

8

0

2

4

6

8

10

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18



5.7 Dembiyada Hantida

81 jawaabe ayaa caddeeyey inay ahaayeen dhibane dembiyada hantida 12kii blood ee ka horreysay sahanka, oo noqonaysa boqolkiiba 10.2 jawaabeyaasha. Dhibaneyaashan, boqolkiiba 65.4 waxay cadeeyeen inay dhibane noqodeen hal mar; boqolkiiba 34.6 hadhay ay noqdeen laba ama saddex jeer.

Qeybta ugu weyn dembiyadan waa tuugada wadada (46.8%). Qeybta 2aad ee ugu weyni waa guri jabsi (32.9%). Dhacdooyinka aan caanka ahayn waxay yihiin tuugada dalaga iyo xoolaha (10.1%); dhul ama biyo (7.6%); ama hantida kale een ku sifaysnayn CVS/sahanka.

Tirada 25: Nooca Dembiyada Hantida (Freq. %)

Ref. PC3 (n=79)

Waxa jiray dembiyo hantida inta kabadan oo la soo gudbiyo bilaha bilowga ee sannadka, gaar ahaan January (16.3%), February (16.3%), iyo March (20.4%). Dabadeedna, hoos-u-dhac ayaa ku dhaca dembiyada la soo gudbiyo oo udhaco heerar hoose oo kaladuwan (2.0% to 6.1%) sannadka inta kahadhay oo dhan, waxyar oo korukaca bilaha July illaa September (6.1% to 8.2%) (Tirada 26).

Tirada 26: Faldembiyada Hantida, Bishii (Cabbir. %)

Ref. PC4 (n=49)

Street theft47%

House burglary33%

Theft of crops/livestock

10%

Theft of land/water

point8%

Other2%

16.3% 16.3%20.4%

6.1%4.1%

2.0%

6.1% 6.1%8.2%

4.1% 4.1%6.1%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

Jan. Feb. March April May June Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.



Dembiileyaasha faldembiga hantida waxa loo aqoonsaday intooda badan dembiileyaal shakhsiyaad (45.7%), ama xubno kooxo hubaysan oo abaabulan (40.0%). Dembiileyaasha aan caanka ahayn waxa loo haystaa inay yihiin saaxibada ama xubnaha qoyska (8.6%), kooxaha beesha (4.3%), ama ciidanka dawlada ama bileyska (Tirada 27).

Tirada 27: Dembiileyaasha Dembiyada Hantida (Cabbir. %)

Ref. PC6 (n=70)

Kooxuhu waxay xaqiijiyeen in laba nooc oo tuugada, jabsiga iyo boobka (loo yaqaano tuugada wadada) waa tabashada ugu weyn magaalada. Badiyaa jabsigu wuxu dhacaa habeenkii iyo aroorta hore waxaana fuliya rag da’ yar. Rabashka inta badan waxa loo adeegsadaa ama laysugu hanjebaa, hub jangeli ah (sida; toorreyda Somaalida ulaha, ama budhadh). Dhowr kaqeybgaleyaasha kooxaha focus groups baa sheegay inay ogyihiin goobaha bar-kulanka ee kooxaha yara-abaabulan ee gaysta dembiyadan, oo Tuulo Qodax inbadan si soonoqnoqaysa loo magacaabay. Arrinka boobka, dembifaleyaal rag da’yara baa beegsada haweenka iyo duqeyda. Moobaylku waa ujeedada ugu weyn ee faldembiyeedkan. Boobku wuxu can yahay fiidkii (illaa 8 saac), iyadoo la beegsanayo haweenka aadaya guryahoodii kana soo laabtay wax gadis iyo shaqooyin kale.

45.7%40%

8.6%4.3% 1.4%

0%10%20%30%40%50%

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6 Dhaqaajiyeha iyo Curiyaha Khatarta

Wadahadalada kooxuhu wuxu sii iftiimiyey sababaha iyo dhaliyeyaasha khatarta amni-darrada, inuu la-xidhiidho colaad ama faldembi. Halkii suurogala, datada/xogta CVS/sahanku waxay ka adeegaysaa inay muujiso waxyaabo gaara oo laga sheegay intay wadahadaladu socdeen.

6.1 Dhaliyeyaasha Bulshada (Social factors)

Adeegsiga aqoonsi qabiil si loo ururiyo dad la tartan ama xukumis kuwo kale waa dhaqaajiyaha aasaaska u ah colaada goobta. Aragtida kooxda gudaheeda ama ka baxsan baa lagu qaabeeyey wax uu leeyahay qof ka soojeeda qabiil, beel, abtirsiin ama qoys, oo ay xubnaha jaaliyadu dib-u-soo-xusuusanayaan asalkooda illaa soddon fac ama kabadan. Inkastoo beelaha waaweyn ee Dhulbahante ee Laas Caanood – Muhamoud Garaad, Farah Garaad iyo Baha Nugaleed – ay aakhirkii leeyihiin hal aabbe (ooy weheliyaan beelaha Warsangeli iyo Majeerteen ee Sanaag iyo Puntland), waxay ogyihiin xaqiiqda in lagu kalagarto duqeyda hore ee kaladuwan. Kudhowaanta aqoonsiga qabiilku waa wehelka kalasarreynta bulshada oo horseeda inay kooxo naftooda ku suntan kuwo badan kuwa kalena laga tiro badanyahay, oo ku salaysan xoogga (faraha) muuqda. Kooxuhu dhexdooda, waxay xuseen in arrintani tahay curiye weyn oo awood usiiya beelaha abaabul dagaal. Iyadoo lagu ducaysanayo tixo iyo gabayo loogu dabbaaldegayo dhaxalka aqoosiga kooxdu inay tahay mid farobadan ama guuleysatay, xubnaha beeshu waxay kuqasban yihiin baahida loo qabo inay difaacaan sharafta kooxdooda.

Aqoosiga qabiilku wuxu kordhiyaa rabashka sababtoo ah noocyo badan oo faldembiya, xadgudub, ama dhaqan xun ayey kooxaha diidani dagaal ku oogi karaan. Liiskan waxa kujira kufsi, dilal aar-goosi, faroxumeyn haween, dagaal deris iyo xataa cay is-weydaarsi. Waxa uuga sii dara dedaallo xal muran oo dib-u-dhacay. Dhamaan kooxuhu waxay isku raaceen in muranku sii ballaadhiyo rabashka sababtoo jawaab-celinta gaabiska ah ee colaadaha soo baxaya. Waxay tilmaameen baahida in la quweeyo xubnaha jaaliyada, hogaamiyeyaasha diinta iyo dhaqanka, iyo weliba bileyska ee digniinta hore iyo jawaab-celinta hore ee colaadaha. Burburka iyo is-marinwaaga dedaalada xalku waxay laali karaan colaada waxaanay horssedaa rabshadaha oo faafa. Is-marinwaaga, odayaashu waxay iskudayaan marmarka qaarkood inay rabshado ciqaab marin ah oo xoog-ku-marsiin ah.

Waa in carrabka lagu adkeeyo in wadahadalka rabshadaha ku salaysan aqoonsiga ee gudaha Laas Caanood, wakiilada jaaliyadaha ee kooxuhu waxay isku dayeen inay mugdi geliyaan aqoonsiga kooxaha/beelaha. Waxay doorbideen inay ku sifeeyaan colaadaha hab goboleed (sida dadka deggan Hawd iyo Nugaal). Dadka ku nool dhulka taagga ah ee Hawd waa Faarax Garaad, laakiin waxa kaloo ay leedahay abtirsiin Baha Nugaleed.22 Dooxada Nugaal (oo ah meesha uu ka soojeedo Madaxweyne Ku-Xigeenka Puntland ee hadda), waxa badi deggan kooxda Mohamoud Garaad, laakiin waxa kaloo jira abtirsiin Baha Nugaleed ah. Hadaba, waxa soo baxday in reeraha Mohamoud Garaad iyo Farah Garaad ay leeyihiin xidhiidh baratan iyo marmar khilaafa, oo Baha Nugaleedna u halgameyso inay

22 Aasaasaha Jabhada SSC baa la rumaysan yahay inuu ka soojeedo goobtaa.



labadaba kahortagto iyagoo islamarkaana ilaalinaya xidhiidhka dhaqan-dhaqaale iyo siyaasadeed ee isbahaysiga.

Inkastoo ay xubnaha jaaliyada Laas Caanood uhanweyn yihiin qiimaha diineeday wadaagaan, hadana waxa la yidhi muuqaalka dugsiyada diiniga ee kaladuwan baa qeyb ka ah xiisadaha (jawaabeyaasha kooxuhu waxay kahadleen xiisadaha udhexeeya dugsiyada Sufi, Salihiya, iyo Qadiriya). Inkastoo aanay ahayn tilmaame colaad weyn, hadana xiisadahan waxa loo xigtaa nay yihiin tabasho jaaliyadeed. Waa in maanka lagu hayaa in faraqa madhabtu aanay qabiil kusalaysnayn, laakiin ay tahay mareeg aydhiyoolojiya. Faraqani ma laha daliil dagaal waqtigan xaadirka ah.

Qorsheynta magaalada oo liidata mudadii korodhka degdega ee dadweynahu waa arrin kale oo siihuriya colaada iyo dembiyada labadaba. Sida horeba looga hadlay, deegaamo baa ka soo baxaya dhulka wadaaga ah. Magaalada gudaheeda, dad badan baa deggan meelo jaban oo si qaab daran loo dhisay loona qorsheeyey. Tusaalaha mushkiladaha waxa kamida dadkoo dib-ugu-xadeeya dhagaxaan kaamboolkay deggan yihiin taasoo xannibta wadada kordhisana muranka baabuurleyda iyo xubnaha jaaliyada, iyo nadaafada guud oo liidata iyo qashin-qubka oo dhaliya dagaal deris.

Sida kor ku sheegan, kaqeybgaleyaasha kooxuhu waxay sheegeen in dagaalka hoose ku saabsan yahay qashin-qubka oo sida badan ka dhaliya rabash ballaadhan meelaha la deggan yahay. La’aanta dawlada hoose ee awooda maareynta qashinka ayaa kadhigtay inay dadku la hirdamaan mashaakilka nadaafada guud iyo fayodhowrka, iyadoo qashinka imika lagu shubo meelaha la deggan yahay. Tani waxay dhalisaa ilaaqtan. Iyadoo ku bilaabantay heer qof-illaa-qof, waxay ugudbi kartaa heer qabiil arrintoo ku soojiidaysa jaar farabadan masuuliyada qashinka. Sababtoo ah naqshadaha xaafadaha deegaanka oo badiba ku salaysan qabiil, rabshadahan oo kale si sahlan bay ufidi karaan iyadoo la ururinayo xubnaha beesha ee meelaha la deggan yahay. Dareenkan, xataa khilaafyada miisaanka yari waxay leeyihiin suurtogal inay noqdaan colaado weyn.

Isticmaalka Qaadka baa lagu sheegay cunsur sababa rabashka lidka haweenka (garaac iyo kufsi), boob iyo guri jabsi. Marka la eego CVS/sahanka, boqolkiiba 6.6 qoysaska soo arkay dhibka waxay rumaysan yihiin inay dembifaleyaashu ay saameyn ku lahaayeen daroogo, khamri, ama qaaka.

Caadooyinka dhaqanka ee taageeraya garbinta haweenka baa iyaguna carqalad. Tani, tusaale ahaan, horseedi kartaa burburka qoyska oo lays furo ragguna masuuliyadii jabiyaan. Tani waxay sababta carqaladaha xadgudubka xuquuqda caruurta (waxbarasho la’aan, caruur shaqaaleyn, iwm) iyo dayaca guud qoysaska. Kaqeybgaleyaasha kooxuhu waxa kalooy caddeeyeen in guurka qorsheynsani sababo furitaanka korukacay, maadaama dad aan isgeyin sida muuqata waalidku isudooraayo. Jawaabeyaasha qaar waxay eedeeyeen godadleyntu (oo weli laga isticmaalo) inay sababto dayaca qoyska, taasoo keenta inay raggu haween iyo caruur kuwa kale uga digorogta.

6.2 Sababo Dhaqaale

Kasooqeybgaleyaasha kooxuhu waxay caddeeyeen in Saboolnimada iyo Shaqo La’aantu ay yihiin xididka mashaakilo badan ooy kamid yihiin rabashka/qaska guriga, boobka, guri jabsiga, iyo dilka aargoosiga. Mushkiladaha sida dayaca qoyska, taasoo raga furay xaasaskooda ay sagsaagaan bixinta kaalmada caruurta iyo masruufka, waxay qeyb laxaad leh ka qaataan hoos-u-dhaca dakhliga.



Walaaca aad usarreeya ee dhaqaalaha iyo shaqola’aantu raggay culays badan saareen. Raggii oo shaqo la’, iyo magaaleynta, haweenku waxay soo baxeen kuwa soo saara bariiska qoysaskooda. Awooda dhaqaale dhedig ee koraysa ooy kahor timid daah weyn oo lab shaqola’ waxay xujaysay ra’yigii ninimada, taasoo gaasaysay rabshada guriga iyo noocyada kale ee lidka haweenka. Sida horeba loo xusay, shaqo-la’aantu waxa la sheegay inay sababto kufsiga: mar haddii dhalinyaro badani aanay iskabixin karayn lacagaha meherka, waxay ku hantiyaan aroosada kufsi iyadoo guud ahaan kuqasban inay guursato dembiilaha si arrinka loo xalliyo.

Sida hore looga wadahadlay, dhulka miyiga beeluhu waxay tartan ama wadahadal laga yeeshaa biyaha, daaqa, iyo dhul daaqsina. Muranku waxay ubadan yihiin inay dhacaan waqtiyada walaacu nugleeyey (tusaale, abaarta iyo roob la’aan) ama meelaha ay hawlo cusubi kajiraan sida dhul oodashada baratanka kordhay ee kheyraadka teel-teelka ah si sharciga soojireenka kabaxsan.

Nasiibdarro, Somaliland majiro qaab sharci oo cad oo la macaamila hantida iyo dhulka. Beddelkii, waxa jira xeerar iyo shuruuc badan oo la caadaystay, Islami ah iyo qanuuni ah. Isbed-bedel baa ka soobaxa sababtoo ah halka sharciga dhaqanku xukumo daaqa, dhul-daaqsimeedka, iyo biyaha, qodobo-hoosaadkiisu wuxu turjumayaa muuqaalka dhul la wadaago. Sharciga Islamiga ahina wuxu ogolyahay ganacsi isweydaarsi xaga maalgelinta ee maaha dhulka laftigiisa. Sharciga cilmaaniga (oo ku taarikheysan illaa xilligi Siyaad Barre) wuxu ogolyahay in dhulka laga kireeyo shaqsiyaad wuxuna dhowraya lahaansho xukuumadeed oo dhan. Nasiibdarro saddex hab xuquuqda haweenku waxay si weyn uga kooban kan raga.23

6.3 Sababaha Maamul/Siyaasadeed

Wadahadalada kooxuhu waxay shaaca ka qaadeen dareen qotodheer oo awood-u-diidis Somaliland inta kahadhay oo dhan, sababtoo ah saboolnimo baahday, jahli iyo la’aanta meelo bulshadu ku raaxeysato. Kaqeybqaatayaal badan baa qeexay caasimada Somaliland, Hargeisa, ay ka faa’iidaysatay marka la eego tallaabooyinka horumarka. Qeexida “amniga” waxa asiibay hal jawaabe oo focus groups/kooxaha. Iyada, amnigu wuxu kakooban yahay: “…caafimaad, biyo, eeriboodho, hay’ado isgaadhsiinta, baabuur, xuquuq siman… Amniga waxa la fahmaa markay bulsho horumar ballaadhan gaadho sida Hargeisa.”

Si kastaba ahaatee, xusid bay mudan tahay, inkastoy jiran rumaysiga ujeedooyin aasaasi ah ee jiritaanka aan-adkayn iyo awood-u-diidis dhaqaale ee Laas Caanood (jawaabeyaasha focus groups/kooxuhu waxay ka hadleen inay hay’adihii caalamiga ka tageen, la’aanta fursado shaqo iyo laydh/koronto la’aan), hadana sheekooyinka iyo aragtiyaha wadaaga tan baa ugu daran marka laga eego dhanka colaada. Waxay u muuqataa inay yihiin cid laga tiro badan yahay Somaliland gudaheeda, Dhulbahantaha qaar waxay u arkaan awood-u-diidka cawaaqib dabiiciya oo ah dawalad Isaaq xukumo. Dareenkan awood-u-diidku wuxu xoojinayaa kalajabka daacada labada maamul goboleed (Somaliland iyo Puntland) ee xubnaha bulshada ee degmada, xaqiiq kaloo la ogaaday inay sababto rabashka.

23 UN/World Bank, op. cit., p. 9.



Muranka dhulka udhexeeya Somaliland iyo Puntland waxa loo turjumi karaa siyaabo kaladuwan. Tusaale ahaan, waxa loo arki karaa arrin hore oo gumeysigii; isku-dhac isballaadhina oo dhexmara beelaha ama dabaqadaha siyaasadeed ee ku hawllan qaran-dhiska; ama si-xun-u-adeegsiga magaca qabiilka iyadoo la raadinayo awood siyaasadeed. Muranku wuxu xooga saaray xifiltan beelaysan oo udhexeeya kooxaha taageersan ama diidan lamidowga Puntland. Tusaale, Baha Nugaleed waxa lagu qiyaasaa in labo qeybood, oo qeybiba maamul taageerto, ay yihiin, in xooga Mohamoud Garaad ay yihiin ama kuwo taageersan Puntland ama maamul gooniya iyo in inta badan Farah Garaad ay yihiin Somaliland.

Waxa kaloo ciyaarta kujira fikradaha baratamaya ee aayaha Somaliya, oo kooxuhu dhexdooda ukala jabsan yihiin taageerada hal Somaliya, ahaanshaha Puntland ama Somaliland. Xataa qaar baa ku xodxota fikrada Sool madaxbannaan. Doodani waxay soojirtay illaa iyo xilligii Darawishta oo loo qeybsanaa kuwo doorbidayey qaranimo Somali weyn iyo kuwo lahaa aragtiyo qaran-dhis federaala. Puntland waxay uxaglinaysay Somaliya midowda oo federaala, halkay Somaliland kuqaylinaysay adkaynta dawladnimadeeda.

6.4 Bunduqyada iyo Sababaha/Cunsurrada Amniga La-xidhiidha

Kaqeybgaleyaasha focus groups/kooxuhu waxay dareemeen daciifnimada hay’adaha nabadgelyada qaranka, gaar ahaan bileyska, inay tahay dhaqaajiyaha amni-darrada. Joogitaanka bileyska Somaliland ee Laas Caanood sida muuqata kuma filla, khaasatan dhulka miyiga halkaasoo aanay jirin bileys dejin gebi ahaanba. Dabadeed, dawladu ma xuurteyn karto xoog adeegsi jiida oo dhan, taasoo fursado siinaysa kooxo nooc dembiileyaal ama siyaasadeed oo aan dawli-ahayn.24

Tirada sare ee bunduq haysadka shicibka dhexdiisa ayaa qeyb ahaan katurjumaysa xaqiiqdan. CVS/sahanka dhexdiisa, boqolkiiba 1.5 keliya qoysaska baa ogolaaday inay kajawaabaan su’aasha inay bunduq haystaan iyo inkale, oo natiijada kadhigaysa mid aan la-adeegsankarin. Xidhiidhka isbedelka, boqolkiiba 39.2 jawaabeyaashu waxay caddeeyeen in helitaanka bunduqyadu ay yaraadeen 12kii bilood ee kahorreysay sahanka; boqolkiiba 38.8 ay caddeeyeen in helitaanku deggan yahay; boqolkiiba 22.0 soohadhay waxay sheegeen in helitaanka bunduqu ay badan tahay (Tirada 28).

24 Eeg qeybta Error! Reference source not found.aad, warbixin dheeraad oo qodobkan, ee Sida loo Arko Waxqabadka Jileyaasha Cadaalada iyo Amniga.



Tirada 28: Isbedelka Helitaanka Bunduqyada/Qoriga (Freq. %)

Ref. WE1 (n=760)

Noocyada hubkay leeyihiin jawaabeyaasha qoysasku badi waxay ahaayeen bunduqa weerarka ee Kalashnikov (76.0%). Baastooladaha ama tamuujaduhu waxay ahaayeeen kuwa ugu badan ee ku xiga, oo noqonaysa boqolkiiba 23.3. intaa waxa dheer, rayfalada ugaadhsiga iyo shoodhgannadu waxay ahaayeen boqolkiiba 0.8 hubka la helikaro (Tirada 29).

Tirada 29: Noocyada Bunduqyada la Helikaro (Freq. %)

Ref. WE3_R (n=129)

Sababta ugu weyn ee bunduq loo yeeshaa waxa la sheegay inay tahay isku-ilaalin (61.8%). Heer aad uga yar, jawaaabeyaashu waxay sheegeen inuu bunduqu lagama maarmaan uyahay shaqada (19.8%), qeyb dhaqanka ah (14.4%), iyo ugaadhsi (3.8%) (Tirada 30).

27.8%

11.4%

38.8%

13.8%8.2%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

Become far less available

Become slightly

unavailable

Stayed the same

Become slightly

available

Become far more available

Pistol, revolver23.3%

Hunting rifle/shotgun

0.8%Kalashnikov-type assault

rifles 76.0%



Tirada 30: Sababta Lahaanshaha Hubka (Freq. %)

Ref. WE4 (n= 131)

Iyadoo ku salaysan daraasad hore ee haysashada hubka fudud iyo amniga bulshada ee Somaliland, lahaanshaha hubka yar-yar waxa ugu sarreeya gobolka Sool, oo la rumaysan yahay in boqolkiiba 89.5 qoysasku ay leeyihiin qoryo.25 Tani waxay la mid tahay qiimeyntii ugu badnayd ee shaacida hubka ee Laas Caanood ee ay bixiyaan focus groups/kooxuhu. Laba shay oo xiiso leh baa laga ogaan karaa. Kow, in qiimeynta hub haysashada ee geeljiruhu ay aad uga badan tahay (runtii kaqeybgaleyaasha kooxuhu waxay lahaayeen aragti in xoolodhaqe walba qori haysto, oo qoys waliba leeyahay mid ama laba). Labo, barokaceyaashyu waxay sheegeen inaanay hub haysanin sababtoo ah ma goyn karaan26.

Wadahadalada focus groups/kooxuhu waxay caddeeyeen in halkay bunduqyadu waadax yihiin bulshada dhexdeeda, dhacdooyinka gacan-ka-hadalka ugu badan ee soonoqnoqdaa aagga Laas Caanood– guri-jabsi, boobka, kufsiga iyo rabashka xaafadaha/tuulada – waxa run ahaantii lagu fuliyaa hub jangali ah (tusaale, toorrey, ulo, budhadh, ama mindiyo), asal ahaan, wixii gacanta taabto. Waa siyaasad bileys oo gobolka in hubka laga dhigo cidkastoo hubka wadhfinaysa.

Inkastooy jiraan, walxaha qarxa uuma muuqdaan kuwo cabsi weyn keena. Hadana, badiba jawaabeyaashu waxay soo gudbiyeen cabsida lafahmi karo ee bambooyinka meel-fog laga xukumo ama muddeysan, halkaasoo boqolkiiba 52.2 ay sheegeen inay jirto ugu yaraan khatar hoose iyo boqolkiiba 23.3 ay sheegeen inay tahay khatar sare (Tirada 31).

25 ‘Amniga Bulshada iyo Hubka yar-yar ee Somaliland’, Danish Demining Group, 2007. 26 27.1% jawaabeyaasha IDPs/barokaceyaashu waxay sheegeen inay qori/bunduq leeyihiin (n=96).

Protection61.8%

Work19.8%

Part of tradition

14.5%

Hunting3.8%



Tirada 31: Khatarka Muuqata ee Bambka La-hago ama Muddeysan (Cabbir. %)

Ref. WE7 (n=790)

Sidoo kale, qeyb weyn oo jawaabeyaal ahi waxay rumeysan yihiin cabsida muuqata ee jiritanka miinada iyo hadhaaga aan weli qarxin (UXOs) oo boqolkiiba 59.8 ay sheegeen inay jirto khatar hoose iyo boqolkiiba 9.7 oo kale ay sheegeen inay jirto khatar sare (Tirada 32).

Tirada 32: Jiritaanka Miinada iyo (UXOs) (Cabbir.%)

Ref. WE8 (n=742)

24.6%

52.2%

23.3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

None Low High

30.5%

59.8%

9.7%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

None Some A lot



7 Waxqabadka Muuqda ee Jileyaasha Cadaalada iyo Nabadgelyada

CVS/sahanka iyo wadahadalada focus groups/kooxaha labaduba waxay sahamiyeen waxqabadka muuqda ee hay’ado guud oo kaladuwan ooy tahay inay kajawaabceliyaan amni-darrada (sida, bileyska, maxkamadaha, hogaamiyeyaasha diinta, iyo odayaasha beesha iyo jaaliyada). Qeybtan soo socotaa waxay horta soobandhigaysaa baaraandeg lays-barbardhigay ee waxqabadka jileyaashan kaladuwan, ooy kujirto nooca faldembi. Jile kasta waxa dabadeed si gooniya loo eegi doona faahfaahin dheer, ooy kujiraan falanqeynta doorka haweenka, dhalinyarada, iyo nabad-keenayaasha kale ee aan dawliga-ahayn.

7.1 Baaraandeg Lays-barbardhigay

7.1.1 Aragtida Guud

CVS/sahanku wuxu baadhay heerka aamminka guud ee ay awoodi karaan odayaasha beesha/jaaliyada, hogaamiyeyaasha diintu, bileyska iyo maxkamaduhu, iyadoo la weydiinayo jawaabeyaasha inuu mid walba caddeeyo aamminkooda inuu yahay aad sare, dhex sare, dhex hoose ama aad hoose. Gudaha Laas Caanood, aamminka badidiisu wuxu umuuqdaa dhanka odayaasha beelaha/jaaliyada, kuwaasoo lagu karaameeyey boqolkiiba 24.7 ee aamminka, waxa soo raaca hogaamiyeyaasha diinta oo lagu karaameeyey boqolkiiba 23.8 ee aamminka. Dhanka kale, bileyska iyo maxkamaduhu waa taban yihiin boqolkiiba -11.6 iyo boqolkiiba -11.8 ee aamminka, siday ukala horreeyaan. Degmada Laas Caanood waxa si gaara xiiso lahaa, hadaba, siday raga iyo haweenku ugu kala duwanaayeen aragtidooda hay’adaha qaranka, ooy haweenku siiyeeen aamin aad uga badan bileyska iyo maxkamadaha kan raga (Tirada 33).



Tirada 33: Heerka Aaminka Hay’adaha Dawlada ee u Adeega sida Nabad Keenayaal (Miisaamey %)

Ref. AR1_R (n=790), AR4 (n=790), AR7_R (n=788), and AR10_R (n=773)

7.1.2 Weerar

98ka weerar ee la caddeeyey, boqolkiiba 64.3 dadkaa loo sheegay, ooy kujiri karaan odayaasha, hogaamiyeyaasha diinta, bileyska, iwm. Boqolkiiba 5.1 si gaar ah baa bileyska loo ogeysiiyey iyo boqolkiiba 7.1 helay go’aan maxkamadeed (Tirada 34). Inkastoo saamiga kiisaska gaadhay go’aan maxkamadeed ay ka sarreeyaan kuwa bileyska la ogeysiiyey, waxaad moodaa inay dhibaneyaasha qaar toos utageen maxkamada iyagoon horta soomarin bileyska.

Tirada 34: Reporting rates, assault (Freq. %)

Ref. AA1 (n=98), AA34 (n=63), AA39 (n=5), AA42 (n=7)

Raga iyo haweenku waxay sameeyeen go’aamo iskumida marka la eego hay’ada ay mark hore ogeysiiyaan weerarka (Tirada 35). Waxa xiiso leh, marka laga yimaado heerka aaminka, kiisas yar baa loo gudbiyey hogaamiyeyaasha diinta.

24.3 21.8

-27.9 -26.9

24.9 25.1

-2.6 -3.3

-40.0

-30.0

-20.0

-10.0

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

Clan, community elders

Religious leaders Police Court

Male

Female

100.0%

64.3%

5.1% 7.1%

0.0%

20.0%

40.0%

60.0%

80.0%

100.0%

Assault Disclosed to public Reported to police Court decision



Tirada 35: Hay’ada Dawlada ee marka la ogeysiiyey Weerarka (Miisaamey %)

Ref. AA36 (n=63)

Sababha haweenku ugudbin waayeen, 11kii kiisba 10 (90.9%) waxay sheegeen inay jireen siyaabo kale oo xalliyo arrinka, iyo hal dhibane (9.1%) oo sheegtay inaanay iyadu ogeysinin sababtoo ah qof kalaa oeysiiyey dhacdada. Inkastoo bad dhibaneyaashu kuducaystaan raadinta siyaabo kale oo arrinka lagu xalliyo, hadana raga carqalado weyn baa kahaysta ogeysinta guud ee kiisaska weerarka (Tirada 36).

Tirada 36: Sababaha loo Ogeysiin waayey Weerarka Hay’adaha Dawlada (Miisaamey %)

Ref. AA35 (n= 35)

7.1.3 Rabshadaha Galmada

Tiro badan 18kii kiisba 15 ama boqolkiiba 83.3 kiisaska faroxumeynta baa loo sheegay dadka. Xiiso lehe, midna lama ogeysiin bileyska iyo maxkamadaha (Tirada 37). Guud ahaan tiradu way hooseysaa in tusiyahan laga fahmo isbedello laysku-hallaynkaro.

79.5

20.5

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

78.9

15.85.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

Com

mun

ity

elde

rs

Gov

ernm

ent

Polic

e

Relig

ious

le

ader

s

Com

mun

ity

polic

ing

Arm

ed

grou

p

NG

Os,

UN

Male

Female

62.5

16.78.3 4.2 4.2 4.2 0.0

90.9

0.09.1

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

Other means to resolve

Not available

Someone reported

Physically unable to

report

Persuaded not to report

Fear of revenge

No chance to recovery

Male

Female



Tirada 37: Qaddarka Oeysiinta, Faroxumeynta (Freq. %)

Ref. SV1 (n=18), SV11 (n=15), SV16 (n=15), SV19 (n=18)

Saddex iyo toban kiis (86.7% kiisaska la soo gudbiyey) baa la ogeysiiyey odayaasha jaaliyada, iyo dhibane (13.3%) oo ogeysiiyey hogamiyeyaasha diinta (Tirada 38).

Tirada 38: Hay’adha Guud ee marka hore la oeysiiyo Faroxumeynta (Freq.)

Ref. SV13 (n= 15)

7.1.4 Dembiyada Hantida

81ka kiis ee dembiyada hantida ee CVS/sahanku diiwaangeliyey, 47 (58%) baa dadka loo sheegay. Qaddarka bileyska la ogeysiiyey keliya waa boqolkiiba 3.7, oo boqolkiiba 2.5 dembiyada hantida ay aakhirka gaadhaan go’aan maxkamadeed (Tirada 39).

100.0%83.3%

0.0% 0.0%0.0%

20.0%

40.0%

60.0%

80.0%

100.0%

Sexual violence Disclosed to public Reported to police Court decision

13

20 0 0 0

02468

101214

Community elders

Religious leaders

Government police

Community policing

Armed group NGOs / UN



Tirada 39: Qaddarka Ogeysiinta, Dembiyada Hantida (Freq. %)

Ref. PC1 (n=81), PC8 (n=47), PC13 (n=3), PC16 (n=2)

47ka kiis ee dadka loo sheegay, boqolkiiba 72.3 dhibaneyaashu waxay horta ogeysiiyeen odayaasha jaaliyada, boqolkiiba 12.8 waxay ogeysiiyeen bileyska aan dawliga ahayn, boqolkiiba 12.8 waxay ogeysiiyeen bileyska dawlada iyo boqolkiiba 2.1 kale oo si toos ah u ogeysiiyey hogaamiyeyaasha diinta (Tirada 40).

Tirada 40: Hayadaha Guud ee horta la ogeysiiyey Dembiyada Hantida (Freq. %)

Ref. PC10 (n=47)

7.2 Police

7.2.1 Naqshadeynta Warbixinta

Degmada Laas Caanood waxay leedahay saddex saldhig bileys gudaha magaalada, oo leh 137 sarkaal.27

7.2.2 Aragtida Guud

Sida hore loo sheegay, odayaasha iyo wadaada ayaa laga aaminsan yahay hayadaha qaranka ee bileyska iyo garsoorka, oo xataa tirinaysa faraqa aragtida jinsiga (Tirada 33). Faraqan udhexeeya

27 Naqshadeynta Degmada Laas Caanood, Hornpeace, December 2009

100.0%

58.0%

3.7% 2.5%0.0%

20.0%

40.0%

60.0%

80.0%

100.0%

Property crime Disclosed to public Reported to police Court decision

72.3%

12.8% 12.8%2.1%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Community elders Non-state police, cb policing

Government Police Religious leaders



jinsigu wuxu weynyahay markay noqoto bileyska. Haddaynu hoos ufiirino aaminka bileyska, waxay umuuqataa halkay raggu dhamaan aragti xun kahaysta bileyska, haweenku ma cada. Boqolkiiba 23.8 haweenku waxay caddeeyeen aad sare ee aaminka bileyska (Tirada 41).

Tirada 41: Heerka Aaminka Bileyska, ee Jinsiga (Miisaamey %)

Ref. AR7 (n=787)

Sidoo kale, jawaabeyaasha CVS/sahanku waxay sheegeen in helitaanka bileysku yaryahay marka loo eego fogaanshaha iyo sahal ku-helida goobta/saldhiga, halkaasoo boqolkiiba 60.0 jawaabeyaashu (oo badi lab ah) caddeeyeen in bileyska aan si-xad-dhaafa illaa si aada aan-loo-helikarin (Tirada 42).

Tirada 42: Helitaanka Bileyska, iyadoo, Fogaanshaha iyo sahal-ku-gaadhida goobta (Miisaamey%)

Ref. AR8 (n= 790)

Faraq baa jira qeyb-hoosaadyada degmada, oo reer miyigu aa uuguma qanacsana helitaanka bileyska (Tirada 43).

58.2

19.610.5 11.6

34.0

18.623.6 23.8

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

Very low Relatively low Relatively high Very high

Male

Female

49.1

23.7

12.9 14.3

27.7 25.131.1

16.0

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

Very inaccessible Relatively inaccessible

Relatively accessible

Very accessible

Male

Female



Tirada 43: Helitaanka Bileyska, ee Qeyb-hoosaadyada (Miisaamey%)

AR10_RxB5 (n=790)

Halhaleelka jawaab-celinta bileyska sixun baa loo arkaa halkaasoo boqolkiiba 67.5 jawaabeyaashu cadeeyeen inay jawaab-celinta bileysku aad illaa si-xad-dhaafa gaabis yahay iyo boqolkiiba 32.5 cadeeyeen inuu bileysku ujawaab-celiyey xad-dhaafa illaa aad degdega (Tirada 44). Mar kale, haweenku way aragti fiicnaayeen raga marka la eego aragtidooda xawaaraha jawaab-celinta bileyska, oo boqolkiiba 27.4 haweenku waxay sheegeen in bileysku ujwaab-celiyey xad-dhaaf degdega.

26.350.0

30.060.8

26.65.0

30.0100.0

66.7100.0

75.0100.0

84.290.0

78.963.2

85.095.0

65.084.2

100.095.0100.0100.0

85.0100.0100.0

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0

HeeganWadajir

OodagooyeFarxaskule

DaamiYagoori

TulosamakabAdhicadeeyeDhiiri-goobo

CadaybuurSaxo-gabagaboQudac-Dheero

GambadheLaas Magugle

HigloTukorak

BoocaneGob QabobeFaleedhyalle

GaracaBourowadal

DalyareGacandarXalxaliye

Qabri-bayaxKarin Dabayl Weyn

Karingorfood

Rather unsatisfied

Rather satisfied



Tirada 44: Xawaaraha Jawaab-celinta Bileyska (Miisaamey %)

Ref. AR9 (n=776)

Marka laga eego xaga focus groups/kooxaha, waxaad moodaa in bileyska loo bogay hadan loo arko musuq, sixun uqalabaysan, mushahar-yar oo sixun utabobaran. Inkastoo kaqeybgaleyaasha focus groups/kooxuhu sheegeen inuu bileysku cabsi kunoqon karo faldembiga iyo ammaan-darada halkay si buuxda ujoogaan, waxaan jira gudiyo bileysa oo jaaliyadeed oo lashaqeeya bileyska, waxa kalooy tilmaameen in tiradoodu aad uyartahay. Goldolooladani waxay diciifinaysaa shaqadooda xoojinta sharciga, mana awoodaan inay si waxtarleh u ilaaliyaan amarka iyo kaladambeynta. Sida maxkamadaha tani waxay abuurtay laba mushkiladood: guuldarrada inay keenaan cabsi waxkuoola, iyo in eex loo arko (si weyn musumaasuq loogu arko).

7.2.3 Jawaab-celinta

Inkastoo shaki laga muujiyey, bileysku waxay geysteen heer fiican ooy kuqancaan dhibaneyaasha weerarku. 17 dhibane oo weerarka, boqolkiiba 58.8 baa sheegay inay yara illaa aad ugu qanacsan yihiin jawaabta bileyska (Tirada 45). Qiyaasta qanaca raggu way kasarreysaa tan haweenka, taasoo sicajiiba utixgelinaysa heerka aaminka guud ahaan.

Tirada 45: Qanaca Jawaabta Bileyska, ee Weerarka (Miisaamey%)

Ref. AA40xAA11_R (n=17)

64.0

16.99.4 9.7

36.7

23.627.4

12.3

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

Very slow relatively slow Relatively rapid Very rapid

Male

Female

25.0

8.3

25.0

41.7

20.0

40.0 40.0

0.00.05.0

10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.0

Very unsatisfied Rather unsatisfied Rather satisfied Very satisfied

Male

Female



Laba dhibane weerar baa sheegay sababaha aanay ugu qanacsanayn: hal dhibane wuxu yidhi bileyska way ku dheeratay inuu jawaabo faldembiga; kii kalena wuxu yidhi bileysku ficil muu samaynin.

Marka laga yimaado dhibaneyaasha weerarka, waxa jirey saddex dhibane oo dembiga hantida oo yidhi kuma qanacsanin jawaabta bileyska (Tirada 46). Labad dhibane baa yidhi waqti dheer bay kuqaadatay bileyska inay jawaab-celiyaan markii la ogeysiiyey dembiga kadib, hal dhibane wuxu yidhi way ku dheeratay bileysku inay xidhiidhka bilowga. Ogow jinsiga dhibanehu lama xidhiidha arrinta dembiyada hantida.

Tirada 46: Qanaca Jawaab-celinta Bileyska, Dembiyada Hantida (Freq. %)

Ref. PC14 (n= 9)

Kiisaska faroxumeynta midna lama ogeysiin bileyska dawlada.

7.3 Maxkamadaha

7.3.1 Naqshadeynta

Laas Caanood waxay leedahay maxkamad degmo, maxkamad gobol, iyo maxkamad racfaan, oo dhamaan uhoyda hal dhisme. Iyadoo la eegayo hal warbixiye oo muhiima, shaqaaluhu wuu kuyar yahay heer maxkamad kasta waxaana jira meel yari. Inta kahadhay habka cadaalada ee gobolkuna way halgamaysaa. Tusaale ahaan, waxa jira Laas Caanood hal xabsi oo aan lahayn qeybo haweenka ama caruurta. Dibudejinta maxaabiista ee waqtigani wuxuun bay kakooban tahay waxqorida aasaasiga ah iyo barnaamij waxbarasho diini ah.28

7.3.2 Aragtida Guud

Sidaynu soo sheegnay (Tirada 33), maxkamaduhu waa kuwa ugu yar ee la aaminsanyahay dhamaan hay’adaha guud. CVS/sahanku wuxu shaaca kaqaaday in marka maxkamadaha la sooco, boqolkiiba 61.8 jawaabeyaashu waxay cadeeyeen aamin xad-dhaafa illaa aad hooseeya iyo boqolkiiba 38.2 oo

28 Naqshadeynta Degmada Laas Caanood, Hornpeace, December 2009

22.2%

11.1%

55.6%

11.1%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Very unsatisfied Rather unsatisfied Rather satisfied Very satisfied



cadeeyey aamin xad-dhaafa illaa aad sare. Guud ahaan, haweenku, hadaba waxay ujanjeedhaan aragtida inay maxkamaduhu uwanaagsan yihiin (Tirada 47).

Tirada 47: Heerarka Aaminka Maxkamadaha, ee Jinsiga (Miisaamey%)

Ref. AR10xRP1 (n=773)

Sidoo kale, jawaabeyaal kabadan baa u arka maxkamadaha xad-dhaaf illaa aad loo gaadhi karin (58.6%) kuwa caddeeyey xad-dhaaf illaa aad loo gaadhi karo. Mar kale, haweenku inay uxaglinayaan inay raga kaga qanacsan yihiin gaadhitaanka maxkamadaha (Tirada 48).

Tirada 48: Gaadhitaanka Maxkamadaha, xaga Fogaanta iyo sahal-ku-helida (Miisaamey %)

Ref. AR11 (n= 781)

Faraq weyn baa laga arki karaa oo udhexeeya qeyb-hoosaadyada ee degmada gudaheeda oo qysaska magaaladu ay ku qanacsanyihiin marka loo eego kuwa miyiga (Tirada 49).

50.5

26.3

9.613.5

29.623.7 22.7 24.1

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0


Male

Female

46.9

25.5

16.411.2

26.823.7

33.7

15.8

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

Very inaccessible Relatively inaccessible

Relatively accessible

Very accessible

Male

Female



Tirada 49: Gaadhitaanka Maxkamadaha, xaga Qeyb-hoosaadyada (Miisaamey%)

Ref. AR11_RxB5 (n=781)

Intaa waxa dheer, maxkamadaha waxa loo arkaa inay kiisaska gaabis ku tahay, oo boqolkiiba 68.9 jawaabeyaasha leeyihiin jawaabta maxkamada tahay xad-dhaaf illaa aad gaabis (Tirada 50).

17.567.5

21.366.2

40.033.335.3

15.066.7

100.090.0

100.084.2

88.972.2

88.930.0

95.045.0

60.085.0

94.795.095.095.0100.0100.0

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0

HeeganWadajir

OodagooyeFarxaskule

DaamiYagoori

TulosamakabAdhicadeeyeDhiiri-goobo

CadaybuurSaxo-gabagaboQudac-Dheero

GambadheLaas Magugle

HigloTukorak

BoocaneGob QabobeFaleedhyalle

GaracaBourowadal

DalyareGacandarXalxaliye

Qabri-bayaxKarin Dabayl Weyn

Karingorfood

Rather unsatisfied

Rather satisfied



Tirada 50: Xawaaraha Jawaabta Maxkamada (Miisaamey %)

Ref. AR12 (n=770)

Sababo kaladuwan baa la bixiyey oo aan kiiska loo ogeysiinaynin maxkamada. Sababta ugu badan ee la sheegay waa inay maxkamadahu ama fogyihiin ama aan lagaadhi karin (23.4%). Sababaha kale waxa kujirey inaanu go’aanku xaq ahayn (18.5%); gunnadoo qaaliya (18.5%); arrinkoo dheerada (14.4%); cabsi laaluush ama musuq (14.4%); iyo ugu dambeyn, dhibaneyaasha oo leh maxkamadu tallaabo qaadimayso (Tirada 51).

Tirada 51: Sababaha aan loo Tageynin Maxkamada (Miisaamey %)

Ref. AR14 (n=222)

Focus groups/kooxuhu kafekereen inay maxkamaduhu yihiin waxmatare uuna dhakhso badnayn siday odayaashu cadaalada uqeybiyaan. “maxkamadaha waxaad mooddaa goob ganacsi”, oday baa ku faallooday, midkalena wuxu ku qiimeeyey boqolkiiba 80 go’aamadu inaanay cadaali ahayn. Inkastoo jawaabeyaasha focus groups/kooxuhu ay ubogeen muhiimada maxkamadaha, hadana aragtidooda waxmatare iyo musuq baa keentay inay ku soo gunaanadaan inay maxkamaduhu sababaan rabshado iyo colaado, iyagoo dibu-xoojinaya dareen cadaalad-darro iyo guuldarrada inay wax-u-qabtaan si cabsi gelisa dembiileyaasha. Waxyaabaha la-taaban karo ee sumcad tirey maxkamadaha waxa kamida tirada badan ee kiisaskaan laxallin, iyo farsamo la’aanta bileyska iyo kuwa kale ee dabagalka xoojinta go’aamada maxkamadaha. Fahamku waa in go’aamada loo samaynayo eexashada dhinaca lacagta badan bixiya.

61.0

19.510.6 8.9

36.4

26.1 27.0

10.5

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

Very slow Relatively slow Relatively rapid Very rapid

Male

Female

16.1

11.810.8

23.7

19.4 18.320.2

16.3

10.9

23.317.8

11.6

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

Judgment is not fair

Matter takes too long

They do not take action

They are far or not easy to

access

Fees are expensive

Corrupt or Bribery

Male

Female



7.3.3 Jawaab-celinta

Waxa jirey todoba go’aan ooy maxkamada demibyadu gaadhay oo jawaab u ah kiisaska weerarka. Hal dhibane (14.3%) baa sheegay inuu ku-yara qanacsan yahay, iyo lix dhibane (85.7%) oo aad ugu qanacsan (Tirada 52).

Tirada 52: Qanaca Dhibaneyaasha Go’aanka Maxkamada, ee Weerarka (Qiyaas.)

Ref. AA43 (n=7)

Majiro kiis faroxumeyna oo maxkamadi go’aan kagaadhay. 81ka dembi ee hantida, laba kiisoo keliya bay maxkamada dembiyadu go’aan kagaadhay. Majiraan xog CVS/sahan ee siday uqanceen dhibaneyaashu.

7.4 Hogaamiyeyaasha Diinta iyo Odayaasha

Duqeyda dhaqanka waxa loo arka sidii ilaalada dhaqanka, magaca iyo sharafta bulshada. Sidoo kalena, waxay yihiin figta habka xeer Soomaaliga, halkaasooy ku xalliyaan muramo badan, sida rabashka lidka haweenka, khilaafka beelaha, dilalka aargoosiga, muranka mag-dhowga iyo khilaafyo siyaasadeed (odayaasha waxa lagu yaqaannaa inay soo gudbiyaan baaqyo, ku saabsan muranka xadka ee gobolka Sool, ama ay ku taageerayaan ama ay ku diidan yihiin maamulada mid ahaan). Hal focus group/koox baa ku qiimeysay in boqolkiiba 70-80 muranka ay xalliyaan odayaashu, ooy maxkamaduhuna tiro yar dhameeyaan. Runtii, jawaabeyaasha dhalinyaradu waxay tilmaameen inay odayaashu xataa ka sooqabtaan dembiileyaashay ku qariyeen beelahoodu meelo aanay bileysku gaadhi karin. Keliya noocyo amni-darro oo dabci ahaan dembiyo ah aan soona bandhigin arrin qabiil oo weyn (sida,boobka iyo guri-jabsiga) ayaa ah waxa qudha ee uyaalla bileyska iyo maxkamadaha. Guud ahaan, qimeynta focus groups/kooxaha ee doorka odayaasha ee xallinta muranku si aada buu u fiicnaa. Waxaad mooddaa inay taasi cadeynayso inay iyagu Laas Caanood siiyaan dadka badidisa cadaalad dhakhso ah oo la gaadhikaro – inkastoo su’aasha inay go’aamadu la jaan-qaadaan xuquuqda aadamaha iyo sinnaanta jinsiga iyo inkale aan laga jawaabin.

CVS/sahanku wuxu xaqiijinayaa in aaminka odayaasha iyo wadaadadu uu sarreeyo, gaar ahaan raga (Tirada 53 iyo Tirada 54).

0 0

1

4

0 0 0

2

0

1

2

3

4

5

Very unsatisfied Rather unsatisfied

Rather satisfied Very satisfied

Male

Female



Tirada 53: Aaminka Odayaasha Beesha ama Bulshada, ee Jinsiga (Miisaamey %)


Tirada 54: Aaminka Hogaamiyeyaasha Diinta, ee Jinsiga (Miisaamey %)


Si xiiso leh, halkay dhibaneyaashu ujeestaan dhanka odayaasha markay timaado dembi ogeyssinta, wadaadada inta badan loolama tago kiisaskan (eeg Tirada 35, Tirada 38 iyo Tirada 40).

Marka la eego focus groups/kooxaha, odayaashu siyaabo badan bay ugargaaraan colaadaha. Horta, waxay isu arkaan ilaaliyeyaasha magaca beesha, doorkooda ay hayaan magaca reerkooda, marmar baa la yidhaa waxay dadka yaryar ufasaxaan inay kaqeybqaataan colaadahay cadaalada u arkaan. Waxa xusid mudan inay odayaasha Sool yihiin codadka ugu horreeya ee taageera Somaliland, Puntland, ama Somaliya midaysan. Illaa heerkan, dhamaan jileyaasha kulugleh muranka xadku (Somaliland, Puntland iyo jabhada SSC) waxay raadiyaan taageerada odayaasha. Ta labaad, waxa la soo weriyey markay odayaashu ku guuldarraystaan inay magta/diyada ka soo qaadaan dembiilaha ama khilaaf xallin kari waayaan, cadho ama xoog-ku-meelmarin ahaan, waxay miciinsadaan amar dagaal ciqaaba. Arrinka duqeyda, adeegsiga dagaal ciqaabeed siay odayaashu ugu qasbaan uhogaansanaanta go’aamadooda waxay noqon karaan dhib, ooy xubnaha qoyska ama beeshu uturjuman karaan inay tani magaca reerka cay kutahay oo aanay u arag muran mag-dhow. Ta 3aad, odayaashu waxa waxa la yidhi waxay maaddo uyihiin dabbaraada siyaasadeed, halkaasooy aakhirka

17.7%

8.0%

26.4%

47.9%

13.2% 12.0%

35.3%39.5%

.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%


Male

Female

14.7%13.5%

31.7%

40.2%

9.7%15.2%

35.9% 39.1%

.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%


Male

Female



isu-dhiibaan mashaariicda siyaasiga. Arrinkani sida badan wuxu dhaliyaa kalaqeybinta beelaha iyo hurinta rabashado udhexeeya beelaha oo bilaaaba ka faa’idaysi siyaasadeed.

7.5 Haweenka

Dhexgalka codka haweenka ee doodaha caamka waa tabashooyinka xoojinta haweenka. Boqolkiiba 68.4 jawaabeyaasha CVS/sahanku waxay cadeeyeen inaanay jirin xayiraad kahorjoogsata haweenka kaqeybgalka shirarka dawladaha hoose ama bulshada. Inkastooy badan yihiin, arrintani waxay ka dhigaysaa tiro aad usarreysa boqolkiiba 31.6 oo jawaabeyaasha qoysaska oo cadeeyey inaan haweenka loo ogolayn inay kaqeybqaataan shirarka guud.

Sababaha la sheegay inay carqalado kuyihiin kaqeybgalka waxa kamida; waxaad mooddaa is-ururin (is-faaf-reeb) inay doorka ugu weyn kaciyaarto: sababta ugu weyn kaqeybgal la’aanta waxay ahayd inaanay xubnaha dhedig ee qoysku ku nafisin kaqeybgalka (29.7%). Waxay, si xiiso leh, haweenku u xuseen kalsooni la’aantooda marka loo eego tan raga. Sababta labaad ee ugu weyn ee la bixiyey waxay ahayd inuu qoysku u arko inay haweenku xoogga saaraan arrimaha qoyska (28.4%). Qeybta xigta ee ugu badnayd jawaabeyaashu waxay sheegeen in xubnaha lab ee qoysku dhibsadaan aragtida go’aan samaynta dhediga (23.3%). Waxa kalooy jawaabeyaashu cadeeyeen in hinaasaha raga ee daacadnimada haweenku ay qarisay haweenka (18.1%) (Tirada 55).

Tirada 55 : Sababaha ay haweenku ugu Qeybqaadan Waayeen Shirarka Bulshada, ee Jinsiga Jawaabeha (Miisaamey %)

Ref. RP19xRP1 (n=232)

Inkastoo haweenka loo arko koox laga xoog roonyahay, wadahadalada focus groups/kooxaha dhexdooda waxa loo aqonsaday oogeyaasha qaska xaafadaha (ama tuulooyinka). Focus groups/kooxuhu waxay yidhaahdeen haweenku way sii huriyaan dembiga iyo rabshadaha iyagoo maalgelinaya hubaynta raggooda iyo inay basaasaan kooxaha cadawga. Iyadoo la qiray inaanu raggu weydiinaynin ra’yiga xaasaskooda ee lahaanshaha iyo adeegsiga hubka (iibsiga kahor), hadana haweenku waxay qireen inay raggooda ka caawiyaan lacagta iibsiga hubka, dareenka amni-darro dartii. Waxa kaloo la sheegay inay haweenku dagaalka ku abaabulaan raggooda, wiilashooda, iyo

21.6%

33.3%

26.1%

18.0%

.9%

37.2%

24.0%

20.7%

18.2%

0.0%

.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0%

Female household member feel uncomfortable of participation

Family thinks women should focus on family issues

Male household member dislikes female visibility in decision

Husband becomes jealous / lack of trust in loyalty

Other

Male

Female



raga da’ yarta ah, iyagoo samaynaya barobagaandho dagaal, marainaya sheekooyinka dagaalo hore iyo cadaalad-darrada, heeso iyo gabayo.



8 Talobixinta:

Talooyinka soosocda waxa laga soo dheegtay Qorshaha Amniga Degmada Laas Caanood. Kan waxa loo diyaariyey dhowr tallaabo. Aqoon-is-weydaarsi baa laqabtey dhamaadkii July 2010kii oo 70 qof oo kaqeybgalay wadahadalada focus groups/kooxah ee June 2010kii ee Laas Caanood. Aqoon-is-weydaarsiga waxa fududeeyey hay’adaha Saferworld, Danish Demining Group (DDG) iyo Hornpeace. Kaqeybgaleyaashu waxay ansixiyeen waxyaabaha la ogaaday ee amniga bulshada, mudnaanta tabashada nabadgelyada, soona ururiyeen xalka arrimahay ogaadeen. Waa in la xusuusnaado in xogaha tayaysan ee laga helay Sahanka Dulmiga iyo Dembiyada/Crime and Victimization Survey (CVS) aan la heli karin waqtigaa. Guddiga Amniga Degmada baa dabadeed qabatimey oo soo saaray Qorashaha Amniga Degmada. Qorshahan waa in dib-loo-eego sannad walba si uu uhabeeyo qorshe sannadeedka shaqo ee Golaha Degmada. Hirgelintiisa buuxda waxay ubaahan tahay kaalmo dibedeed.

8.1 Hagaajinta Waxqabadka Amni Dhaliyeyaasha

Himilada Farogelin iyo dhaqdhaqaaqyada lagu hirgelinayo farogelinta

Tabarruca Bulshada iyo Golaha Deeganka

Baahida

Kaalmo

Dibedeed

Laas Anod oo yeelata Bileys tabobaran oo qalabaysan, oo jawaab sare u ah dembiyada iyo cabsida

1. Dhaqdhaqaaq Farogelineed ee awood-dhiska bilayska; sida:

a) Qorista iyo tabobarida 99 haween bilays ah

Abaabulka Bilayska

Maaliyada a) Sameynta waaxda baadhista dembiyada lana

b) Tabobaro 99 sarkaal oo dembibaadheyaal ah. c) La kordhiyo ciidanka bilyaska ee deggan Wadnah,

Samalay, Yogori-Cadhotey, Daarhac Maraykanka

d) La hagaajiyo “shuruudaha shaqo” ee bilayska oo ay ku jiraan (mushaharka).

2. Farogelinta hagaajinta agabka iyo kaabeyaasha bilayska: Dhaqdhaqaaqa:

e) Laga dhiso saldhigyo bilays Wadnah, Samalay, Yogori-Cadhotey, Daarhac Maraykanka

Kuulliga (dhismaha)

Dhul

f) Laga dhiso gobo bilays meelaha khatartu ka iman karto sida (Tuulo-Qodah, Samalay, Daami, Farxaskule, Geedoqarsay, iwm)

g) Dibuhabeyn lagu sameeyo Saldhiga Dhexe

h) In lagu qalabeeyo (Kombuutarro, miisas iyo kuraas, daabacado) taliska bilayska Gobolka

i) In la hagaajiyo gadiidka iyo kaabeyaasha isgaadhsiinta bileyska (intay ugu yartahay 2 gaadhi, saldhigiiba)

La helo shuraako 1. Farogelinta lagu hagaajinayo wadashaqeynta Bilayska iyo Bulshada:

Abaabulka iyo Wacyigelinta

Khabiiro





Baahida

Kaalmo

Dibedeed

lagu iimaan qabo, oo dhexmarta bilayska iyo bulshada Sool

Dhaqdhaqaaqa: a) In la abuuro madal wadahadal oo ay ku

kulmaan Guddiyada Bilaysaynta Beesha (CBP), LSC, iyo bilayska

Bulshada

Wakiilka Booliiska CBP LSC

Hoggaamiye-yaasha

Dhaqanka iyo Diinta

Abaabul

Aasaaska madal wadahadal

Habeynta Guddi-hoosaadyo

xagga Tabobarka ah

b) Xubnaha CBP, LSC oo la tabobaro, iyo weliba Bileyska oo lagu tabobaro CBP, shabakadaha, dhismaha nabada, iyo adkaynta amniga maxalliga ah

c) La abuuro madal 4-bilood leh ah oo qaab jawaab-celis ah loogu gorfeeyo arrimaha nabadgelyada

d) Guddi-hoosaadyo loo sameeyo meelo kala duwan oo la deggan yahay, xeerooyinka baro-kaceyaasha, iyo tuulooyinka reer-guuraaga

Ciidamada Qalabka sida ee deggan aagga Las Caanood oo aan dadka dhibi

e) Dawladaha Hoose oo sii wada wadahadalada Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee deggan aagga, si looga hotago lana soo sheego xad-gudubka ay ciidamadu kula kacaan dadweynaha

8.2 Hagaajinta Xaaladaha Xabsiga



Baahida Kaalmo Dibedeed

In la helo hab-xabsiyeed waxtar ah, oo si waxkuool ah u dhaqan celiya maxaabiista yar-yar iyo waaweynba (Lab iyo Dhedig)

1. Farogelinta: Dibuhabeynta iyo Fidinta: a. La dhiso xabsi weyn, oo badbaadsan,

kana baxsan magaalada Laas Caanood, kaasoo u kala qeybsan maxaabiista lab iyo dhedig 29

Kuuli

Qalab Dhisme

Dhul

Maaliyada

b. la dhiso xabsi haween oo si fiican u dayran

c. la dhiso xabsi u gaara ah da’yarta, oo ka baxsan magaalada

2. Farogelinta: Xirfad Waxbarasho iyo Dhaqancelinta Maxaabiista:

a) Horumarinta Waaxda tabobar Xirfadeedka Xabsiga

Sare-u-qaadida Wacyigelinta iyo Udoodista

Khabiirro Maaliyadeed

b) Ku qalabaynta waaxda agabka daruuriga /muhiimka ah

3. Farogelinta: Shaqaaleynta: a) Lagu tabobaro ciidamada asluubta xuquuda

29 Sababta meel kale loogu raray waa imika oo iskudayga jeel kabaxsigu khatar geliyey dadka qaar, iyagoo qaar kalena ay ku dhacday rasaas habow ah markay saraakiisha asluubtu tooganayaan maxaabiista fakadka ah. Waxa la hindisay in hadii jeel/xabsi cusub la dhiso, dhismaha imika laga dhigo goob madadaalo.






Aadamaha iyo habsami ula dhaqanka maxaabiista b) tabobarka iyo qalabaynta bilayska iyo ciidanka asluubta

ee daryeelka iyo ilaalinta xuquuqda caruurta c) shaqo-qorista dhediga ee ciidanka asluubta

8.3 Hagaajinta Waxqabadka Cadaalad Dhaliyeyaasha




In la helo garsoor si fiican u qalabaysan, ixtiraaman, oo habeysan

1) Farogelinta: Tabobarka: a) La tabobaro Xaakimada, Kaaliyeyaashooda, iyo

Looyarrada, si loo hubiyo qaybinta cadaalada

Qalab Dhisme;

Dhul;

Shaqaale (xirfadleyaal iyo kuwo aan lahaynba)

Maaliyad

Khabiirrada

(Tabobareyaal) b) Dhiska kartida xeer-ilaaliyeyaasha eeXirfada

dacwad ku oogista c) Awood dhisida karraaniyiinta Maxkamada

2) Farogelinta: Fidinta Maxkamadaha: a) Dhismo maxkamadeed oo loo dhiso laba ka mid

ah saddexda qaybood ee maxkamadaha: maxkamada racfaanka, ta gobolka iyo tan degmada (oo uu ku jiro xafiiska xeerilaaliya guud

b) Dib loo habeeyo dhismaha hada jira si uu hooyo mid ka mid a maxkamadaha kor ku xusan

3) Farogelinta: Qalabaynta: a) Kombutarro

b) Daabacado iyo Footokoopiyaal

c) Baabuur Xaakimada iyo Xabsiyada

4) Farogelinta: Shaqaalaynta: a) Lakireysto in ka badan 99 Xaakin

b) La kireysto 99 Xeerilaaliyeyaal

c) Dibuqaabayn fiican oo mushaharka saraakiisha maxkamada

5) Farogelinta Aragtida Guud: a) La abaabulo shirar dhexmara bulshada iyo

saraakiisha cadaalada si falanqeeyo loona qorsheeyo xallinta nusqaanta ku timid maxkamadaha

b) Horumarinta qaab loo dabagalo kiisaska iyo goaamada maxkamada

c) Horumarinta qaab-kormeer oo lagula socdo hannaanka maxkamadaha

Laga hortago khilaafaadka la

6) Farogelinta lagu Dejinayo Qaab Caymis oo lid ku ah Bixin la’aanta Lacagaha: Dhaqdhaqaaqa:






xidhiidha bixinta diyada ama magta

a) La marti qaado wakiilada beelaha, saraakiisha Cadaalada, iyo Dawladaha hoose, si ay u gorfeeyaan xalka suurogal ah

Si fiican loo qeexo, siday u kala horreeyaan, Masuuliyadaha ka dhexeeya Maxkamadaha Qaanuuniga ah,

7) Farogelinta lagaga hortagayo khilaafaad tartan oo u dhexeeya Kaabeyaasha Cadaalada: a) Wada hadal dhexmara saraakiisha maxkamada,

hogaamiyeyaasha diinta, iyo odayaasha, si loo gorfeeyo kala horreynta baratanka

b) Khaastan, in la caddeeyo noocyada dembiyada/khilaafaadka ay waajib tahay in laga reebo dhawrida maxkamadaha qaanuuniga

8.4 Hagaajinta Wadahadal ito Wadaxidhiidhka Wakiilada Ururada Bulshada iyo Hay’adaha Dawlada




Xarun Dhismaha Nabada oo bulshadu leedahay, kuna wataan hawlahooda

1. Dhismaha Xarun Kheyraadka Nabada: a) Laga Xarun Dhismaha Nabada dhul loogu talogalay

oo ku salaysan qorshe la isla oggolyahay

Qalab Dhisme; Kuulli

Maaliyada

b) La siiyo qalab xafiis sida Komputarro, Daabacado, iyo habka addresska guud, iwm

Shaqaalaha Khabiirro Horumarinta Maaliyada Urrurada

c) La abaabulo qaabka maraeyneed ee xarunta (maareeye, xoghayn, waardiye)

d) Hore loo mariyo Qorshaha shaqo ee sii wadida xarunta

2. Farogelinta Iskaashiga Duqeyda iyo Maamulka: a) La hirgeliyo shirar wada-tashi oo bil walba dhexmara

Duqeyda iyo Maamulka (Badhasaabka, Mayorka, Xaakimiinta, Taliyaha Pooliiska, iwm)

b) La hormariyo qaab-guud oo wadashaqeynta maamulka iyo duqeyda, si loo xukumo meelmarinta sharciga iyo amarka ee rasmiga iyo dhaqanka ah

3. Farogelinta Awood-dhiska Hogaamiyeyaasha Diinta/Dhaqanka, LSC, & CBP: Dhaqdhaqaaqa:

a) Lagu tabobaro LSC, CBP, Hogaamiyeyaasha Dhaqanka/Diinta is-dhalanrogga khilaafaadka, bileysaynta beesha-ku-salaysan, iyo horumarka ururka

b) Loogu nasteexeeyo looguna wehelyeelo LSC, CBP, iyo Hogaamiyeyaasha Diinta/Dhaqanka dhismaa nabada, bileysaynta beesha-ku-salaysan, iyo horumarka ururka

c) Xasaasiyenta doorka iyo masuuliyada duqeyda si ay u xakameeyaan gacan-ka-hadalka iyo colaadaha

Colaadaha waxa lagu xallinayaa hab nabad ah

d) Tabobarka dadka u horreeya ee isku daya dhexdhexaadinta iyo is-dhalanrogga colaadaha (xubanaha bulshada, bilyaska, dawladaha hoose

e) Wadahadallo iyo madal furan ee xal raadinta colaadaha, oo






lagu baahiyo dadweynaha, gaar ahaan dumarka deggan xaafadaha saboolka ah

f) La sahamiyo goob lagu xakameeyo maleeshiyo beeleedka

Ururada Bulshadu waxay ku taborucayaan xaga Amniga iyo Ammaanka

g) Wadahadal ka dhexeeya ururada bulshada oo ay ku jiraan ururada haweenka iyo dhalinyarada, si loo caddeeyo kala horreynta awoodaha iyo qoondeynta masuuliyadaha ka hortaga gacan-ka-hadalka iyo xallinta khilaafka ee heerar kala duwan (beelo, shakhsiyaad, xaafado, iwm)

h) Xoojinta mugga ururada haweenka

8.5 Kor-u-qaadida Maamul Wanaaga




Maamul adag oo ku dhisan ka qeybgalka iyo ku-lug-lahaanshaha dadka, oo weliba ku qotoma mabaadii’da maamul wanaaga

1) Farogelinta Waxbarasha Madiniga: Dhaqdhaqaaqa:

a) Bulshada la baro xaqa muwaadinka, masuuliyada iyo dawlada (xukuumada, dimuraadiyada, doorashada, hoggaaminta, iyo ka qeyb qaadashada muwaadinka

Maaliyada

Dawlada Somaliland

Maamulka Gobolka

b) U-doodista in dawlada ay guud ahaan ku jiraan heer qaran, gobol, iyo tuulo

c) La xoojiyo siyaasada codbixinta doorashada si loo helo hogaamiyeyaal leh kalsoonida dadka

d) Lagu marti geliyo haydaha qaranka ka qeybgalka wadahalka guud

Muranka iyo faraqa siyaasadeed waxa lagu xallinayaa si nabad iyo dimuqraadiyad ah

2) Dhexdhexaadinta Khilaafka Siyaasadeed: a) Ilaalinta dhaqdhaqaaqa iyo sii wadida

wadahadalka meleeshiyada SSC

b) Kor-u-qaadida nabad raadinta aayaha dambe ee beelaha kala duwan ee Laas Caanood, iyo kala qeybsanaanta beesha gudaheeda

8.6 Kor-u-qaadida Waxbarashada Dhalinyarada iyo Shaqada




Dhalinyaro deegaanka ah oo aqoon, oo weliba lagu xoojiyey cilmi iyo xirfado si ay u hagaajiyaan

1) Hagaajinta Goobaha Waxbarashada: Dhaqdhaqaaqa:

a) La dhiso xarumo tabobarka xirfadaha

Shaqaale (Dhismaha iyo Barida) Dhul

Maaliyada

b) La horumariyo barnaamijyo xirfadeed oo laxidhiidha loona sii-wadi karo dhalinyarada raga ah ee khatarta kusugan

2) Kaalmada Caruurta ka soo jeeda Qoysas Saboola: Dhaqdhaqaaqa: a) Deeq lacageed oo lagu kaalmeeyo

LSC waxbarshadeeda Qoyska ee

Maaliyada






dhaqaalaha Laas Caanood

waxbarashada ardayda Daryeelka Ilmaha

Udoodista b) Wadahadal lala yeesho dugsiyada gaarka ah (sida Dugsi Quraanka, iwm) si looga dhimo qoysaska danyarta ah lacagta fiiga

3) La horumariyo Caruur-Qoys-Dugsi

8.7 Hagaajinta Amniga Bulshada iyadoo la eegayo Qorshaha Magaalada




Magaalo helitaanka kheyraadka biyaha ay u siman yihiin dadka iyo duunyadu

1) Kaabaeyaasha Biyaha; Dhaqdhaqaaqa: a) Lahelo ilo biyo khafiif iyo kuwo adag bal eh,

lana horumariyo midho-dhalkooda

qalab dhisme

ogaanshaha ilaha biyaha

Maaliyada

Khubaro

Farsamo b) Lagu xidhiidhiyo biyaha qasabado gudaha Laas Caanood

c) La horumariyo imkaaniyaadka biyaha (baraagaha, biyo xidheeno, tawaangi) dhulka oomanaha ah

d) Dhamaan ilaha biyaha oo laga hirgeliyo barnaamij biyo sifeyn ah

e) Wasaarada ku shaqoleh maareynta biyaha oo laga xidhiidho daryeelida kaydka biyaha

f) La soo bandhigo qorshe loogu qaybin karo, lagana dheehan karo qoondaynta biyo qaybinta imika jirta

Magaalo Nabada oo leh dariiqyo iyo xaafado si fiican u iftiimaya

2) Kaabaeyaasha Laydh/Nalka; Dhaqdhaqaaqa: a) La horumariyo laydhka wadooyinka ammaanka

iyo qurxinta magaalada

Abaabulka Ciddii

Ku Lugleh, sida; Shaqaalaha iyo Qalab Laydh, iwm

Maaliyada

Khubaro

Farsamo b) La wanaajiyo badbaadad biraha iyo layman

leydhka

c) La horumariyo ab lagu dayactiro laymanka laydhka (khaasatan xilliga roobka)

d) Lagu rakibo xaafadaha baallayaasha leydhka (gaar ahaan Farxaskule, Daami, Samalay, Geedoqarsay, iyo Tuulo-Qodah)

e) La horumariyo wadashaqeynta dawlada, shariikadaha laydhka, ganacsatada, iyo ururada samofalka si loo hirgeliyo mashaariic laydh

Hagaajinta nabadgelyada meelaha gacan-

3) hagaajinta nabadgelyada meelaha gacan-ka-Hadalka ugu dara: Dhaqdhaqaaqa:

a) Habeynta ciidan bilays ah oo wareega oo dhakhso badan, oo jawaab degdega ka bixiya shilalka nabadgelyo






ka-hadalka ugu daran, gaar ahaan Haweenka

b) La rakibo sanaadiiq guud oo lagu ururiyo warbixinta dhacdooyinka ee dhaqdhaqaaqa nabagelyada meelaha daran (Farxaskule, Daami, Samalay, Geedoqarsay, iyo Tuulo-Qodah, iwm)

c) La hagaajiyo heerka guryeynta ee Farxaskule, Daami, Samalay, Geedoqarsay, iyo Tuulo-Qodah, iwm

d) La dhaqan geliyo dhegeysiga amniga haweenka ee agagaarka suuqa

Baabi’inta dagaal xaafadeedka la xidhiidha xashiishka

4) Farogelinta hoosudhigida khatarta colaadaha La xidhiidha baabi’inta xashiishka:

a) La sameeyo meelo xashiishka lagu guro

b) Laga dhex habeeyo xaafadaha iyo magaalada meelo laga soo guro xashiishka

c) La helo gaadiidka xashiishka

d) Haweenka heer xaafadeed oo ku lug yeesha ku-heshiinta qaabka xashiish uririnta

Baabi’inta colaadaha la xidhiidha maareynta dhulka

5) Hagaajinta habka maareynta Dhulka: Dhaqdhaqaaqa:

a) la abuuro madal lagu gorfeeyo xuquuqda daaqsinta

b) la ogolaado mamnuucida dhul oodashada

c) dib-u-eegida habka maareynta dhulka miyiga si colaad laisaga ilaaliyo

d) dawlada hoose ku lug yeelato qoondaynta dhulka, caddeysana isticmaalka (daaqsin/dhul-beereed/degsiimo)

e) la dejiyo qaab joogtaysan oo sharci oo wax kaqabta dhulka iyo hantida

Dhalinyarada oo marin u hela dhaqdhaqaaqooda madadaalo

6) Hagaajinta Goobaha madaalada ee Xaafdaha saboolka (garoomada kubada Lagu ciyaaro)

8.8 Kor-u-qaadista Isku-haboonida Kooxaha iyo Wacyigelinta



Baahida

Kaalmo

Dibedeed

Bulsho muslim ah oo midaysan oo sharaf ku wadanool

1) Isdhexgalka Iskuhaboonida Kooxaha a) loo habeeyo golaha Shuyuukhdooda

Abaabulka Hogaamiyeyaasha

Qalab Dhisme

Lacag laga ururiyo

Maaliyada

b) la abaabulo madallo firqadaha diintu ku wada hadlaan oo joogta ee PBC (bilayska ku salaysan beesha/bulshada)





Baahida

Kaalmo

Dibedeed

masaajida

2) Farogelinta Ololaynta iyo Xasaasiyadayn: Dhaqdhaqaaq:

a) qabashada muxaadarooyin wanaaga ay muslimiintu sameeyaan guud ahaan, gaar ahaana, culimada islaamka, iyo Shuyuukhda sharafta leh (iyagoo beegsanaya bilayska, dadka, cadaalada, and jeelasha)

Shuyuukhda

Culimada Diinta

Kaarbadada Masaajida

Habka Dadka loo hadlo

Agabka

Farsamo

Maaliyada

Dadku waxay fahmayaan isla markaana taageerayaan ku xukunka sharciga

3) Koruqaadista tabobarada iyo wacyigelinta:

a) Waxbarida dadka ee madasha wadahadalada nabadgelyo dhiska iyo xaluhelida colaada

Dad waxbarbatay oo nabadgelyada daneeya, kana warqaba khatar ay leedahay isticmaalka daroogadu

4) Koruqaadida Wacyigelinta: Dh/qaaqa: a) aasaasida iskuxidhka guddiyo, oo ay ku jiraan

haween, oo abaabula koruqaadida wacyigelin riwaayadaysan

Abaabulka Xubnaha

Dadka kahadlaya Mawduucyada

Farriimaha IEC

Agabka

Farsamo

Maaliyada b) barida dadka madasha wadahadalada iyo ololeynta khatarta isticmaalka Qaadka

c) qalab (sida boodhadh, garamo) warbixin, waxbarasho iyo wadaxidhiidh ee nabada, iyo isticmaalka Qaadka

Dadku way fahamsan yihiin khatarta ay leedahay sidashada iyo haysadka hubku

d) hore loo mariyo maamul bulsho oo isku xidha hub-ka-dhigista

e) wax laga barto waayoaragnimadii Burco ee hub-ka-dhigista (la marti qaado raggii Burco ka hadlay lagalana hadlo arrintan

f) la taageero dedaallada lagu koobayo sidashada hubka khatarta ah

g) la qabto wacyigelin guud oo koruqaadeysa khatarta ay leedahay sidashada hub

Bulsho nabad ah oo xor ka ah kufsi iyo qaababka kale ee nabadgelyo darrada, oo helay qiimaha qoyska oo xoogleh iyo

5) Yareynta kharashka guurka:Dhaqdhaqaaqa: a) Sheekhyadu muxaadarooyinka ha ku dhiirigeliyaan

qoysasku inay dabciyaan habsamida guurka iyadoo dib loo eegayo shuruudaha dhaqanka, sida, qiimaha aroosada

Hogaamiyeyaasha Fikirka (diinta iyo dhaqanka)

Talo

Farsamo

b) Lagu dhiirriyo lamaanaha inay meherka (oo la siinayo afada) ka dhigaan wax la bixinkaro (si loo yareeyo kiisaska raga ee aan siin karaynin xaasaska lacagtan oo kale hadiiba furriin yimaado

c) Lagu dhiirrigeliyo lana habeeyo aroos-kooxeed, si loo dhimo kharashka marrtida





Baahida

Kaalmo

Dibedeed

guur waara 6) Soocelinta Qiimaha, Midnimada, iyo Wanaagii Qoyska: Dhaqdhaqaaqa:

a) La soo bax barnaamij waxbarasho guud oo qeexaya qoyska, shaqada iyo masuuliyadaha xubnaha qoyska

Hogaamiyeyaasha Diinta iyo Dhaqanka

Dhul

Shaqaale (xirfadle iyo mid aan lahayn)

Maaliyada

Talo

Farsamo b) Qorshee oo fuli horumarinta dhaqdhaqaaqa qoysku u bartilmaameedsanayo nolol maalmeedkooda (dhaqdhaqaaqaas oo lagu salaynayo shaqo abuuris)

c) Fuli barnaamiyada awoodsiinta haweenka oo loogu talo galay siyaasada xoojinta qoyska

d) Horumari barnaamijyada kaalmo dhaqaale qoysaska baylahda ah

e) Dhismaha hoy u ah agoomaha iyo caruurta laga haajiray iyo caruurta iyo dhalinyarada darbi-jiifka ah

7) Dhamaadka Baqdin-la’aanta Dembiileyaasha Rabshadaha Galmada: a) Xaqiijinta dembiileyaasha rabshadaha

galmadu inay iyagu masuul ka yihiin arinka

Dadku waxay fahamsan yihiin taageerayaanna xuquuqda haweenka

b) Koruqaadista wacyigelinta lidka ku ah rabshadaha guriga

c) Falanqeynta heerka bulshada ay haweenku leeyihiin waxna ka bedelaya doorka jinsiga (ku jiro doorka dhaqaalaha) iyo siyaasado caadi ah oo haweenka ka ilaalinaya rabshadaha

Dhaqamada nabada waa la xoojiyey

d) Dib u eegida heesaha iyo sheekooyinka sii kicinaya tartanka beelaha iyo in kor loo qaado kuwa gacan ka geysanaya wada-noolaanshaha nabada ah, oo ay ku jiraan gabayo loo tiriyo farriimaha nabada, iyadoo la marsiinayo Geediga Nabada

e) Kahortaga rabshadaha dhalinyaro lab

f) Xasaasiyadaynta haweenku saameynta iyo masuuliyadaha ay ku leedahay wada-noolaansho nabada

8.9 Kaalmada Ka-Samatabaxayaasha Rabshada/Dagaalada



Baahida

Kaalmo

Dibedeed





Baahida

Kaalmo

Dibedeed

Degmo leh daryeel caafimaad oo waxtar ah, caawisana kuwo ka badbaada rabshadaha

Dibuhabeynta cusbitaalka Guud ee Laas Caanood, iyo fidinta la qorto lana tabobaro dhakhaatiir daaweynta ah

Dhul

Shaqaale (xirfadle iyo mid aan lahayn)

Qalab Dhisme

Helidda qeybaha psychosocial iyo trauma

Helidda qeybaha psychosocial iyo trauma

Ku saabsan Xarunta Somali Observatory of Conflict and Violence Prevention (OCVP)

Xarunta OCVP ee Somalida – oo afSoomaaliga lagu yidhaa Homboro – waxay ururisaa xogaha iyo warbixinada nidaamka rabshadaha dagaal, bulsho, dembiyeed, iyo siyaasadeed ee gobolka, iyo baadhis kaalmayn ah oo faa’iido uyeelan karta dhamaan Somalida. Homboro waa magac Somaliyeed oo loogu yeedho hoomboro sandheer, oo xawayaan badeed caan ku ah bedbaadinta binaadamka. Sidoo kale OCVP waxay higsataa ujeedada amniga bina-aadamka.

OCVP waxay ururinaysaa waqtigan xogo/data ku saabsan amni-darrada iyo rabshadaha gobolada Somalida, kuwaasoo la helikaro adeegsi inta kabadan. Xogaha iyo warbixinada lafoguran ee OCVPdu waxay ka caawin karaan hawlwadeenada/xirfadleyaashu inay xaqiijiyaan in dhexgallada ay hagayaan macluumaad iyo caddaymo habaysan. OCVP waxay kale oo ay dejinaysaa hab ilaaliya amniga iyo nabadgelyada si aasaas loogu sameeya Shabakada Digniinta iyo Jawaab-celinta Hore ee Somalida “Early Warning and Response Network” (EWARN). Ururinta iyo falanqaynta xogta kadib, OCVP waxay naqshadayn doontaa maareynta colaadaha goobta — dhaqan iyo casri ahaanba — si loogu caawiyo hawlwadeenada/xirfadleyaasha iyo sharci dejinta farriimo nasteexo, madal wadahadal iyo tabobar isku-dhafan. Ururinta, kaydinta, iyo wadaaga aqoonta looga baahan yahay goobta faldembiga iyo yaraynta rabshadaha, OCVP waxay beegsanaysaa inay noqoto xarun ku wacan kahortaga colaadaha iyo rabshadaha.

Warbixin Dheeraad ah:

Agaasimaha Observatory of Conflict and Violence Prevention (OCVP) Hargeisa, Somaliland [email protected] http://www.ocvp.org

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