laboratories guide
TRANSCRIPT
Faculty of Science physics department
2 Labs Guide
Contents
Chairman of the Physics Department Message: ..........................................................................3
Vision, Mission and Objectives: ....................................................................................................... 4
Vision: .......................................................................................................................................... 4
Mission: ........................................................................................................................................ 4
Objectives: .................................................................................................................................... 4
Labs Committee ................................................................................................................................ 5
Formation: .................................................................................................................................... 5
Tasks: ............................................................................................................................................ 5
Physics Labs: ..................................................................................................................................... 6
Physics department has the following labs: ................................................................................. 6
General Physics LabPhys.101 ........................................................................................................... 7
General Physics LabPhys.202 ......................................................................................................... 11
Optics lab: ....................................................................................................................................... 13
Electronics Physics Lab: ................................................................................................................. 19
Advance physics lab (1) ………………………………………………………………………….23
Advance Physics lab(2)………………...………………………………………………………25
Faculty of Science physics department
3 Labs Guide
Chairman of the Physics Department
Message:
All Praise is due to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, and blessings and peace be upon our
Prophet Muhammad and his Family and Companions.
It is my pleasure and good fortune to contribute to the website of the Physics
Department with these humble words and to shed some light on its Faculty of Science at Zarqa
University. I thank The Almighty God for His grace and gratitude that has placed me here to
serve the religion, the nation, society in general and the university and this faculty in particular.
My thanks go to their Excellences the Rector and the vice deans of the University, the Dean of
the faculty of Science and my colleagues for the facilities and guidance they have provided in
order to serve the university. They have ensured the development and upgrading of their
department to its best levels.
Physics is the science that studies everything related to material, its movement and
energy; it tries to understand natural phenomena and the forces affecting the functioning of
material and formulates knowledge of the laws that do not only explain the processes above, but
also the prediction of the natural processes with models that slowly and gradually approach
reality.
Physics is at the same also interested in accurately measuring and inventing new ways
of increasing a basis of reaching a proper interpretation of natural phenomena.
Physics provides the art of measurement methods for use in all the vital and natural
sciences like Chemistry, Medicine, Engineering, Biology and other sciences. The progress of
civilization is due to the impressive progress of the science of physics. All the devices that we
use in our daily lives are based on physics, such as radar, wireless, radio, color TV, phones,
laptop computers, cell phones and diagnostic devices in medicine, such as X-rays, magnetic
resonance imaging, radiotherapy, glasses, telescopes and space probes, microwave ovens,
power transistors, the microphone and electricity.
Chairman of the Physics Department
Dr. Mohammed Hassen Abu-Sei'leek
Faculty of Science physics department
4 Labs Guide
Vision, Mission and Objectives:
Vision:
Producing a promising and qualified national generation with high efficiency and experience
in the field of physics to meet the needs and requirements of the labor market.
Mission:
The physics laboratories committee seeks to develop the practical side in the educational
process and research by improving the capabilities and expertise to interact with current and
future needs of the University and the surrounding community.
Objectives:
1. Provide a disciplined learning environment for the students.
2. Improve the efficiency of the graduates in the field of physics to work at all
levels.
3. Deepen students' understanding of the different physical phenomena.
4. Prepare the students to be able to pursue higher studies in the field of physics.
Faculty of Science physics department
5 Labs Guide
Labs Committee:
Formation:
A sub-committee is formed annually by the board of the physics department called Labs
Committee. This committee chaired by the head of the department and the membership of all
faculty staff members who teach in any of the department labs, as well as the membership of
laboratory technicians in the department.
Tasks:
The committee is responsible for a general supervision of all department laboratories
and stands on all their needs and deficiencies providing periodically the board of the physics department with records of their meetings.
The Committee draws public policies in the laboratory and prepares their own reports.
The Committee of the department laboratories evaluates their safety standards and
recommend what is necessary to the board of the physics department.
Faculty of Science physics department
6 Labs Guide
Physics Labs:
Physics department has the following labs: 1. General Physics Lab (1) (0302111)
2. General Physics Lab (2) (0302112)
3. Electronics Physics Lab (0302297)
4. Optics Lab (0302236)
5. Advance physics Lab (1) (0302365)
6. Advance Physics Lab (2) (0302475)
These laboratories represent a basis for bachelor's degree students.
Faculty of Science physics department
7 Labs Guide
1. General Physics Lab (1) (0302111):
This lab aims to: Teach students the basic laws of physics such as motion and gravity, and others. Students take this lab in conjunction with theoretical general physics (1) (0300121) offered at the first level to be able to understand the theories and basic laws.
Lab Experiments:
1) Experimental Errors and data Analysis
2) Measurements and uncertainties
3) Vectors & Forces in Equilibrium
4) Newton’s second law of motion
5) Projectiles motion
6) Collision in two dimension
7) Friction
8) Simple Harmonic motion (simple Pendulum)
9) Hook’s law and simple harmonic motion
10) Rotational motion
Inside the lab, there is the first aid box and also the security and safety rules.
There are a technician’s room and a store room in the lab.
Faculty of Science physics department
8 Labs Guide
List of Experiments of General Physics Lab (1):
Experiment1: Experimental Errors and Data Analysis
Device Lab.: General Physics I
Objects of the experiment: To be familiar with experimental errors and data analysis.
Expermint2 : Measurements and Uncertainties
Devise Lab: General Physics I
Objective: To be familiar with some measuring tools and principle & To determine errors of some measured quantities
Expermint3 : Vectors & Forces in Equilibrium
Devise Lab: General Physics I
Objective: To show experimentally That the resultant of forces in equilibrium equal zero
Faculty of Science physics department
9 Labs Guide
Expermint4 : Newton's Second Law of Motion
Devise Lab: General Physics I
Objective: 1) To study the newton's second law of motion. 2) Studying the relation between the acceleration (a) and the applied force (f) at constant mass(m). 3) Studying the relation between the acceleration (a) and the mass (m) at constant applied (f)
Expermint5 : Projectiles Motion
Devise Lab: General Physics I
Objective: Measuring the initial speed of the ball using Photo gate& Measuring the initial speed of the ball using Photo gate timer
Expermint6 : Collision in Two Dimensions
Devise Lab: General Physics I
Objective: To purpose of this experiment is to show that the momentum and energy are conserved in two dimensions elastic collision
Faculty of Science physics department
10 Labs Guide
Expermint7 : Friction
Devise Lab: General Physics I
1) Objective: Determination of the static coefficient of (𝜇𝑠)and the kinetic coefficient of friction (𝜇𝑘) by sliding the block on a horizontal plain
2) Determination of the static coefficient of friction (𝜇𝑠) and the kinetic coefficient of friction (𝜇𝑘) by sliding the block down an inclined plain.
3) Comparison of the two different values for 𝜇𝑠 and 𝜇𝑘obtained by the two different techniques.
4) Demonstration that 𝜇𝑠>𝜇𝑘
Expermint8 :Simple Harmonic Motion (simple Pendulum)
Devise Lab: General Physics I
Objective: Determination of how the period T of a pendulum depends upon the length of the pendulum Determination of the gravity acceleration
Faculty of Science physics department
11 Labs Guide
Expermint9 : Hook's law and simple harmonic motion
Devise Lab: General Physics I
Objective: To verify hook's law and to determine the force constant of spring & To show how the time of vertical oscillation depends on load
Expermint10 :Rotational motion
Devise Lab: General Physics I
Objective:
1.Rotational motion apparatus which consists of turntable ticker timer pulley on a clamp weight holder string 2.Meter scale sheets of linear graph –thumb pins- ticker tapes set of weight -12 v transformer
Faculty of Science physics department
12 Labs Guide
2. General Physics Lab (2) (0302112) This lab aims to: Teach students the basic laws of electricity. Students take this lab in conjunction with theoretical general physics (2) (0300122) offered at the second level to be able to understand the theories and basic laws
Lab Experiments:
1) Electric Field Mapping 2) Ohm’s Law 3) Kirchhoff’s Laws 4) Resistivity of a conductor 5) Variation of Resistance with Temperature 6) Wheatstone Bridge 7) Charging and discharging of a Capacitor 8) Electrochemical Equivalent of Copper 9) Tangent Galvanometer 10) Power Transfer
Inside the lab, there is the first aid box and also the security and safety rules.
There are a technician’s room and a store room in the lab.
Faculty of Science physics department
13 Labs Guide
List of Experiments of General Physics Lab (2):
Experiment:1 Electric Field Mapping
Device Lab.: General Physics II
Objects of the experiment: 1. To examine the nature of the electric field
by mapping the equipotential lines for several electrode arrangements and to construct the electric field lines of force.
2. To determine the electric field intensity (E) between two parallel plates.
Experiment2 OHM’S LAW
Device Lab.: General Physics II
Objects of the experiments 1. To learn how to use electric equipment
and how to measure current resistance and voltage
2. To verify the relationship between current, voltage and resistance in a circuit
3. To study the distribution of current and energy in an electric circuit
4. To develop formulas those give the total resistance of series and parallel resistors.
Experiment3 Kirchhoff's Laws
DeviceLab.: General Physics II
Objects of the experiment: To verify Kirchhoff's first and second laws
Faculty of Science physics department
14 Labs Guide
Experiment4 Resistivity of a Conductor
Device Lab.: General Physics II
Objects of the experiment: 1) Demonstration the dependence of the
resistance of a conductor on the length, cross-sectional area and the resistivity of a wire.
2) Determination of the resistivity of a conductor.
Experiment5 Variation of Resistance with Temperature
Device Lab.: General Physics II
Objects of the experiment: 1) To investigate the variation of the
resistance of metals with temperature 2) To measure the temperature
coefficient of resistance for copper.
Experiment6 Wheatstone Bridge
Device Lab.: General Physics II
Objects of the experiment: 1- To be familiar with the Wheatstone
bridge concept. 2- To determine an unknown resistance using
Wheatstone bridge.
Faculty of Science physics department
15 Labs Guide
Experiment 7
Charging and discharging of a Capacitor
Device Lab.: General Physics II
Objects of the experiment: To study charging and dis charging characteristics of capacitors
Experiment 8
Electrochemical Equivalent of Copper
Device Lab.: General Physics II
To study electrochemical equivalent of copper
Experiment9 Tangent Galvanometer
Device Lab.: General Physics II
Objects of the experiment: To determine the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field.
Faculty of Science physics department
16 Labs Guide
Experiment:10
Power transfer
Device Lab.: General Physics II
Objects of the experiment: Objects of the experiment: 1) To measure power in a DC load 2) To determine the condition of maximum
–power transferred from a source to a
Faculty of Science physics department
17 Labs Guide
Optics lab: This lab aims to: Give the student the practical skill to know the wave phenomena (interference
and diffraction and polarization) in a practical way with the training to deal
with the source of Laser.
Lab Experiments
1. Mirrors 2. Lenses 3. Refracting of light –prism spectrometer 4. Diffraction of light –Diffraction Grating 5. Polarization of light –Mauls Law 6. Michelson interferometer 7. Newton’s Rings 8. Fresnel’s Mirrors 9. Blamer series of Hydrogen 10. Inverse square law
Inside the lab, there is the first aid box and also the security and safety rules.
There are a technician’s room and a store room in the lab.
Faculty of Science physics department
18 Labs Guide
List of Experiments of Optics Lab:
Expermint1 :Mirrors
Devise Lab: Optics
Objects of the experiment: 1. To study the image-forming properties of
concave mirror (converging). 2. To determine its focal length using
Several methods.
Expermint2: Lances
Devise Lab: Optics
Objects of the experiment: 1. To study the image-forming properties of
concave Lances (converging ). 2. To determine its focal length using
Several methods
Expermint3 : Refraction of Light
Devise Lab: Optics
Objects of the experiment: 1. To get familiar with the Spectrometer. 2. To determine the refractive indices for
prism of different materials
Faculty of Science physics department
19 Labs Guide
Expermint4 : Diffraction of light
Devise Lab: Optics
Objects of the experiment: 1. To observe the diffraction as
wave–like property of light. 2. To describe the diffraction pattern
obtained using diffraction grating.
Expermint5 : Polarizations of Light
Devise Lab: Optics
Objects of the experiment: 1. To Verify Mauls law.
Expermint6 :Michelson
Interferometer
Devise Lab: Optics
Objects of the experiment: 1. Determine the wavelength of an He–Ne 2. Measuring the refractive index air
Faculty of Science physics department
20 Labs Guide
Expermint7 :Newton’s Ring
Devise Lab: Optics
Objects of the experiment: 1. To determine the radius of curvature
of given plane-convex
Expermint8 :Fresnel Mirrors
Devise Lab: optics
Objects of the experiment:
Faculty of Science physics department
21 Labs Guide
Expermint9 : Blamer series
Devise Lab: Optics
Objects of the experiment: 1. To determine the Rydberg constant for Hydrogen.
Expermint10 : Inverse Square Law
Devise Lab: Optics
Objects of the experiment: 1. To measure the intensity of light as a function distance
Faculty of Science physics department
22 Labs Guide
Electronics Physics Lab: This lab aims to:
The objective of this lab is to give students skills in the analysis and the
installation of an electronic circuit core, whether analogue or digital, and
identify the function of electronic circuits that are exposed and comparison
circuits analogue and digital through the ease and accuracy and demonstrate
skills in conducting laboratory experiments through the use of modern
equipment and software design.
Lab Experiments: 1. Oscilloscope 2. RLC in AC Circuits 3. RLC resonance circuit 4. Diode Basic characteristics 5. Diode rectifier circuit 6. Zener Diode 7. Transistor Amplifier 8. Operational Amplifier
Inside the lab, there is the first aid box and also the security and safety rules.
There are a technician’s room and a store room in the lab.
Faculty of Science physics department
23 Labs Guide
List of Experiments of Elecrtonics Lab:
Expermint1 :Oscilloscope
Devise Lab: Electronics lab
Objects of the experiment: 1. To gain familiarity with Oscilloscope 2. Using the oscilloscope in some
measurements.
Expermint2 :RLC in AC Circuits
Devise Lab: Electronics lab
Objects of the experiment: 1. To study the capacitance C and
inductance L in AC circuit. 2. Phase angle in RC and RL circuits.
Expermint3 : RLC resonance
circuit
Devise Lab: Electronics lab
Objects of the experiment: 1. To investigate the properties of series
and parallel resonance circuits.
Faculty of Science physics department
24 Labs Guide
Expermint4 : Diode Basic
Characteristics
Devise Lab: Electronics lab
Objects of the experiment: 1. To learn how to test junction diode. 2. To measure the parries potential.
Expermint5 : Diode rectifier circuit
Devise Lab:Electronics lab
Objects of the experiment: 1. To demonstrate the characteristics of
the following diode circuits: a) half –wave rectifier. b) full -wave rectifier.
Expermint6:Zener Diode
Devise Lab: Electronics lab
Objects of the experiment: 1. To study the volt ampere
characteristics of Zener diode.
Faculty of Science physics department
25 Labs Guide
Expermint7:Transistor Amplifier
Devise Lab: Electronics lab
Objects of the experiment: 1. To study the input, output and
transfer characteristics of NPN transistor.
Expermint8: Operational Amplifier
Devise Lab: Electronics lab
Objects of the experiment: 1. To measure the voltage gain of the
amplifier
Faculty of Science physics department
26 Labs Guide
Advanced lab1:
This lab aims:
To help the students to know the experiments and basics of modern physics and
its applications
Lab Experiments:
1. Black body radiation 2. The Characteristics of Solar Cell 3. Specific charge (e/m) 4. Electron Diffraction 5. Franck-Hertz 6. Photoelectric Effect –Planck's constant 7. Hall Effect 8. Zeeman Effect 9. Magnetic Field 10. Thermoelectricity- The Thermocouple
Inside the lab, there is the first aid box and also the security and safety rules.
There are a technician’s room and a store room in the lab.
Faculty of Science physics department
27 Labs Guide
List of Experiments of Advanced Lab(1):
Expermint1 : Blackbody
radiation
Devise Lab: advanced lab 1
Objects of the experiment: 1. To verification of
Stefan-Boltzmann's law of
radiation
Expermint2 : The
Characteristics of Solar Cell
Devise Lab: advanced lab 1
Objects of the experiment: 1. Illumination characteristics.
2. Current-voltage characteristics.
3. Power-load characteristics.
4. The efficiency of operation of
solar cell.
Faculty of Science physics department
28 Labs Guide
Expermint3 : Determination
of the Specific Charge (e/m).
Devise Lab: advanced lab 1
Objects of the experiment: 1. To study the behavior of electron
in magnetic field
2. Determination of the specific
charge e/m of the Electron
Expermint4 :Electron
Diffraction
Devise Lab: advanced lab 1
Objects of the experiment: 1. To investigate the de Broglie's
Postulate – wavelike properties of
Particles.
2. To calculate the wavelength of
electron.
3. To investigate the Inter planer
spacing of graphite atom.
Faculty of Science physics department
29 Labs Guide
Expermint5 : Franck Hertz
Devise Lab: advanced lab 1
Objects of the experiment: 1. To record a Franck hertz curve for
mercury & neon.
Expermint6 : photoelectric
effect – determination of
Planck's constant
Devise Lab: advanced lab 1
Objects of the experiment: 1. To study & investigate the
photoelectric effect. 2. To measure the kinetic
energy of photoelectrons vs. the frequency of light.
3. To measure the work function of the cathode in a photoelectric tube.
Faculty of Science physics department
30 Labs Guide
Expermint7 : Hall effect
Devise Lab: advanced lab 1
Objects of the experiment: 1. To study the hall effect phenomenon in a current-carrying conductor in a room temperature . 2. To measure the hall voltage as a
function of transverse current and magnetic flux density.
3. To determine the type and concentration of the charge carries in a conductor.
4. To determine the hall coefficient.
Expermint8 : Zeeman effect
Devise Lab: advanced lab 1
Objects of the experiment: 1. To observe the normal Zeeman
effect. 2. To determine the electron specific
charge.
Expermint9 : magnetic field
Devise Lab: advanced lab 1
Objects of the experiment: 1. To measure the magnetic flux
density along the axis of the circular flat coil.
2. To confirm the Helmholtz conditions for a pair of coil.
Faculty of Science physics department
31 Labs Guide
Expermint10:Thermo
electricity –Thermocouple
Devise Lab: advanced lab 1
Objects of the experiment: 1. To demonstrate the concept of
the thermoelectricity 2. To measure the (emf) for the
thermocouples of different materials.
Faculty of Science physics department
32 Labs Guide
Advanced lab (2):
This lab aims to:
Help the student to acquire the practical skills to measure the physical quantities
related to the nucleus and nuclear radiation interactions with matter and
investigation of the nuclear phenomena and theories.
Lab Experiments:
1. Geiger counter 2. Propagation of radiation 3. X-ray 4. Laser diode 5. Electron spin resonance 6. Rutherford scattering 7. Faraday effect 8. Law of distance and absorption of gamma or beta rays 9. Alpha particle spectroscopy 10. Gamma spectroscopy
Inside the lab, there is the first aid box and also the security and safety rules.
There are a technician’s room and a store room in the lab.
Faculty of Science physics department
33 Labs Guide
List of Experiments of Advanced Lab(2):
Expermint1 :Geiger Counter
Devise Lab: advanced lab 2
Objects of the experiment: 1. To determine the operation voltage
plateau for G-M tube. 2. To determine the died time counter. 3. To determine the efficiency of the G-M
detector.
Expermint2 :Propagation
of Radiation
Devise Lab: advanced lab 2
Objects of the experiment: 1. To demonstrate the randomness and
statistical behavior of the nuclear decay of Radioactive sources.
Expermint3 :X-Ray
Devise Lab: advanced lab 2
To measure the continuous and Characteristic spectrum of X-rays.
Faculty of Science physics department
34 Labs Guide
Expermint4 : laser diode
Devise Lab: advanced lab 2
Objects of the experiment: 1. To measure the beam geometry of the
diode laser. 2. To become familiar with the properties
of diode laser. 3. To determine the wave length of the
laser.
Expermint5 :Electron Spin Resonance
Devise Lab: advanced lab 2
Objects of the experiment: 1. To determine the g-factor of Electron.
2. To investigate the magnetic field
dependence of the resonance frequency.
3. To investigate the electron spin resonance.
Expermint6 :Rutherford scattering
Devise Lab: advanced lab 2
Objects of the experiment: 1. To determine the scattering of alpha
particles through a metal foil.
2. To demonstrate the Rutherford model of
the atom.
3. To find the dependence of scattering rate N on
scattering angle.
4. To find the dependence of scattering rate n on
the atomic number z.
Faculty of Science physics department
35 Labs Guide
Expermint7 :faraday effect
Devise Lab: advanced lab 2
Objects of the experiment: 1. To determine Verdet's constant.
2. To demonstrate the proportionality
between the angle of rotation and
magnetic flux density at constant
wavelength.
3. To investigate the influence of field
direction on the handedness of the
polarization plane
4. To investigate the influence of the
wavelength on the angle.
Expermint8 : :law of distance or
absorption of gamma or beta rays
Devise Lab: advanced lab 2
Objects of the experiment: 1. To study the interaction of gamma rays
with a number of materials .
2. To determine the half-value Thickness &
the absorption coefficient of these
materials.
Expermint9 : Range of Alpha
particle in Air.
Devise Lab: advanced lab 2
Objects of the experiment: 1. To be familiar with different methods
for detecting and recording the energy spectrum of alpha radiation.
2. Measurement of the activity of the alpha
Source.
Faculty of Science physics department
36 Labs Guide
Expermint10: Gama spectroscopy
Devise Lab: advanced lab 2
Objects of the experiment: 1. Familiarization with Nail (Tℓ)
Scintillation spectrometer. 2. Energy calibration of the scintillation
detector 3. Gamma spectrum analysis of some
Source. 4. Resolution & detection efficiency of
scintillation detector.