labour law.doc

8/10/2019 LABOUR LAW.doc

1/21

CHANAKYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY

LABOUR LAW

CONCEPT OF CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT.

SUBMITTED TO: Dr. S.C.Roy.

SUBMITTED BY: SAADHIKA CHABRA

Roll No. - 82

1


2/21

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..03

RESEARCH METHEDOLOGY........04

INTRODUCTION..06

EMPLOYMENT LAW...........07

CONCEPT OF CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT......08

ELEMENTS OF CONTRACT..08

CONTRACT OF EMPLOMENT...10

INFORMATION ON EMPLOYMENT STATUS AND CONDITIONS..11

EXPRESS CONTRACTUAL TERMS...1

IMPLIED CONTRACTUAL TERMS13

EMPLOYEE!S RIGHTS.....16

ILLEGAL CONTRACTS OF EMPLOYMENT.0

CONCLUSION....1

"I"LIOGRAPHY....


3/21

ACKNOWLED!EMENT

A#$%& '%() &*+ +''(%&, (' &*+ %+,+$%-*+% &*+ ,/--+,, (' $ #%(2+-& +#+, $%5+ ( &*+

+-(/%$5+)+& $ 5/++, (' )$ (&*+%,. I &$+ &*, (##(%&/& &( +#%+,, )

5%$&&/+ &( &*+ #+(#+ 9*( *$:+ ;++ ,&%/)+&$ &*+ ,/--+,,'/ -()#+&( (' &*,

#%(2+-&.

I 9(/ + &( ,*(9 ) 5%+$&+,& $##%+-$&( &( D%.S.C.R( S%I -$!& ,$ &*$ (/

+(/5* '(% *, &%+)+(/, ,/##(%& $ *+#. I '++ )(&:$&+ $ +-(/%$5+ +:+% &)+

I $&&+ *, +-&/%+,. W&*(/& *, +-(/%$5+)+& $ 5/$-+ &*, #%(2+-& 9(/ (& *$:+

)$&+%$


4/21

RESEARCH METHODOLO!Y

A"#$ %&' O()*+,"*$:

T*+ $) (' &*+ #%(2+-& , &( #%+,+& $ +&$+ ,&/ -(,+& $, +'+-+ $;(/% $9>

&*%(/5* 5++%$ #%-#+, ,&$&/&+, +-,(, ,&$&/&+, $)+)+&, ,/55+,&(, $

''+%+& 9%&5, $ $%&-+,.

S+o* %&' L"#",%,"o&$:

T*(/5* &*, , $ ))+,+ #%(2+-& $ #$5+, -$ ;+ 9%&&+ (:+% &*+ &(#- ;/& ;+-$/,+ ('

-+%&$ %+,&%-&(, $ )&$&(, I 9$, (& $;+ &( +$ 9&* &*+ &(#- 5%+$& +&$.

So/r+*$ o0 D%,%:

T*+ '((95 ,+-($% ,(/%-+, (' $&$ *$:+ ;++ /,+ &*+ #%(2+-&?

1. A%&-+,

. "((,

3. W+;,&+,

4


5/21

INTRODUCTION

E)#()+& *$, ,5'-$-+ ;(&* '%() &*+ :/$ #(& (' :+9 $ '%() &*+

:/$ #(& (' :+9 $ '%() &*+ #(& (' :+9 (' &*+ ,(-+&. A +?)$!, ;%$ ,

$ +: 9(%,*(#?5(+, &*+ $5+ ( $$5+. T*, , -$&:+ (' &*+ $&/%+ (' %+$&(,*#

&*$& +,&, ;+&9++ $ :/$ $ &*+ 9(%. T*, $,( ,5'+, *(9 :/$, $&&$-*

)#(%&$-+ $ :$/+ &( 9(%. F%() &*+ #(& (' :+9 (' $ :/$ +)#()+&

'/', &*+ ++ '(% ;+(55+,,@ 5:+, $ ,&$&/, &*+ ,(-+&@ -('+%, $ +'&+ %(+ &(

#$ &*+ +-(()- $-&:& (' &*+ $&(. A#$%& '%() #%(:5 )+$, &( ++ (/& $

:5 $ *((/%$;+ 9$ 9&* */)$ 5& $-&:+ #$%&-#$&( 9(% '+ +$, &(

&*+ /'(5 (' :/$ -%+$&:&. " ;+5 +)#(+ (+ 5+&, &*+ ,$&,'$-&( '(%

-(&%;/&5 *, )&+ &( &*+ -())( 9+$&* &*%(/5* $ 5:+ (%5$


6/21

$,. T*/, +)#()+& , &*+ )(,& )#(%&$& $,#+-& (' -/&/%$ '+ $ */)$

,(-+&+,.

EMPLOYMENT LAW

E)#()+& $9 , $ ;%($ $%+$ (' $9, +-()#$,,5 $ +)#(+%?+)#(++ %+$&(,

9&* &9( +-+#&(, $)+

&*+ +5(&$&( #%(-+,, -(:+%+ ; -(+-&:+ ;$%5$5 $

&*+ ,&$&/&(% #%(-+,,+, (' ,#/&+ %+,(/&(,.

M$&&+%, #+%&$5 &( &*+,+ &9( -$&+5(%+, (' +-+#&(, ' &*+% #$-+ +-/,:+ /+%

&*+ #/%:+9 (' &*+ ,( -$+ $;(/% $9,. I 5++%$ $;(/% $9, I$ $%+ &++ &(

#%(&+-& 9(%)+ +)#(+ $& (9 +:+, (' #$ ,-$+ (% 9$5+,.

Co&,r%+, o0 *#loy#*&,, #(#/$% (9 $, L+&&+% (' A##(&)+& (% ,)# $

A##(&)+& +&&+%. T*, , $ +5$ ,&%/)+& &*$& %+5/$&+, &*+ %+$&( ;+&9++ &*+

+)#(+% $ +)#(++ $ +)#()+& ,&/$&( $& $ 9(%#$-+. I& , )#(%&$& &(

(&+ &*$& &*+%+ , #%:& (' -(&%$-& '/$)+&$ ;+&9++ &*+ +)#(+% $ +)#(++?

( )$&&+% 9*+&*+% &*+ +)#()+& , ; &*+ +)#(+% %+-& (% &*%(/5* ,()+ ('

+)#()+& $5+-. T*+ C(&%$-& (' E)#()+& -(&$, ,()+ (' &*+ )#(%&$&

-(:+$&, &*$& +&+%)+ &*+ 9(%5 %+$&(, $ )/&/$ (;5$&(, ;(&* (' &*+

+)#(+% $ +)#(++. I &*+ $,& -+&/% &*+ #%:& (' +)#()+& -(&%$-& *$,

5%$/$ +%(+. I $ W+'$%+ S&$&+ L$9 -(%#(%$&+, ,()+ &+%), $ -(&(, &(

+)#()+& -(&%$-& &( #%(&+-& &*+ 9+$+% #$%& '%() &*+ ()$& #$%&-/$% ;

'5 &*+ )$)/) *(/%, (' 9(% $ &*+ ))/) $)(/& (' 9$5+,. U+,, &*+

#$%&+, &( &*+ -(&$-& +#%+,, $5%++ $ #%(:+ '(% ;+&&+% &+%), &*+% -(&%$-& &*+

))/) ,&$$%, #%+,-%;+ ; $9 ,*$ ;+ ;5 ( &*+ #$%&+,. " +$-&5 $ +9

,&$&/&+ (% ; $)+5 &*+ +,&5 (+ +5,$&/%+, ( &%(/-+ )$ $ +9 &+%), $

-(&(, &( &*+ -(&%$-& (' +)#()+& 9&*(/& &*+ -(,+& (' &*+ #$%&+, &*+%+&(. "

&*+ &+%#%+&$&:+ #%(-+,, (' $9 2/-$% $,( $&&%;/&+, )$ &+%), $ -(&(,

&*+ -(&%$-& (' +)#()+& $ $--(%5 +-$%+, &*(,+ )#+ &+%), $ -(&(,

$, ;5 ( &*+ #$%&+,. C(+-&:+ "$%5$5 A5%++)+&, $%%:+ $& $'&+% +5(&$&(,

; $ ;+&9++ &*+ W(%#$-+ M$$5+)+& $ %+#%+,+&$&:+ T%$+ /(, 9 $,(

'(%) #$%& $ #$%-+ $ -+%&$ -%-/),&$-+, %+#$-+ $ '+9 (% $ &*+ +,&5 &+%),

$ -(&(, (' &*+ +)#()+& -(&%$-& ;+&9++ &*+ +)#(+% $ &*+ +)#(++.

6


7/21

C(&$-& (' E)#()+& , $ +5$ ,&%/)+& &*$& %+5/$&+, &*+ %+$&(, ;+&9++ &*+

E)#(+% $ &*+ E)#(++ $ +)#()+& ,&/$&( $& $ 9(%#$-+. I& , '%() &*,

+5$ ,&%/)+& &*$& (+ 9 ;+ $;+ &( +&+%)+ 9*+&*+% &*+ +)#()+& , 9$5+?

+)#()+& (% (' ,()+ (&*+% -$&+5(%.

CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMNET

I&, $ +5$ +'(%-+$;+ $5%++)+& +&*+% (%$ (% 9%&&+ ;+&9++ $ +)#(+% $ $

+)#(++ &*$& +'+, &+%), $ -(&(, (' +)#()+& &( 9*-* ;(&* #$%&+, )/,&

$*+%+. E#%+,, &+%), (' &*+ -(&%$-& $%+ $5%++ ;+&9++ &*+ &9( #$%&+, $ -/+ &*+

(%5$


8/21

Consideration

I %+5/$% +)#()+& -(&%$-&, &*+ -(,+%$&( , &*+ '$-$ $,#+-& (' &*+

$5%++)+&. T*+%+'(%+ '(% $ (''+% (' +)#()+& &( $ #(&+&$ +)#(++ &*+

-(,+%$&( 9(/ ;+ &*+ ,$$% $ ;++'&, ,/-* $, #$ :$-$&(, *+$&* ,/%$-+

$ %+(-$&( +#+,+,. F(% -(&%$-&(%, &*+ -(,+%$&( 9(/ ;+ &*+ &(&$ $)(/&

$9$%+ '(% &*+ 2(; 9&* &*+ &+%), '(% #$)+& ,#++ (/& +&*+% $ /)# ,/) (%

,&$)+&,.

Performance

I $ (''+% (' +)#()+& &*+ #+%'(%)$-+ $,#+-& 9(/ ;+ ,#++ (/& ; &*+ 2(;

+,-%#&(. F(% -(&%$-&(%, &*+ #+%'(%)$-+ $,#+-& (' &*+ -(&%$-& 9(/ ;+ 9*$& ,

(9 $, $ +:+%$;+???&*+ ',*+ #%(/-& &( ;+ #%+,+&+ &( &*+ -+& +&*+% 9*(+

(% ,&$5+, &*%(/5*(/& &*+ '+ (' &*+ #%(2+-&.

Agreement

T*+ '$ ++)+& (' $ -(&%$-& , &*+ $5%++)+&. I $ (''+% (' +)#()+& &*, )$ ;+

++-/&+ ; $ $-&/$ ,5$&/%+ '%() &*+ +9 +)#(++ ;/& , ('&+ )#+ 9*+ ,*+

,*(9, /# '(% *+% '%,& $ (' 9(%. F(% $ +#++& -(&%$-&(% &*+ $5%++)+& , +$%

$9$, ++-/&+ ; $ ,5$&/%+ ; &*+ -(&%$-&(% $ &*+ -+& ( $ -(&%$-& (% +&&+% ('

$5%++)+&.

Expert Insight

F(% $ -(&%$-& &( ;+ :$ $ #$%&+, )/,& ;+ +5$ -()#+&+& &( +&+% &( $ +5$;5 $5%++)+&. T*, 5++%$ )+$, &*$& &*+ )/,& ;+ )+&$ -()#+&+& $ ('

+5$ 9(%5 $5+. I &*+ -$,+ (' $ -(&%$-& (' +)#()+& +5$ %+,+- (% +5;&

&( 9(% (' $ #(&+&$ +)#(++ (% -(&%$-&(% )$ $,( $''+-& &*+ +5$& (' $

$5%++)+&. O%$ $5%++)+&, $,( $%+ ;5 '(% ;(&* $ -(&%$-& '(% +)#()+& $ $

$9$% (' $ #%(2+-& &( $ -(&%$-&(% ;/& ,/-* $5%++)+&, )$ (& ;+ +'(%-+$;+ ;+-$/,+

8


9/21

(' &*+ ,&$&/&+ (' '%$/, 9*-* %+=/%+, -+%&$ $5%++)+&, &( ;+ 9%&&+ (%+% &( ;+

+'(%-+$;+.

Co&,r%+, o0 *#loy#*&,

A&*(/5* ''+%+& +5$ '(%)/$&(, (' &*+ -(-+#& (' 9(%+% $%+ #(,,;+ $;(/% $9

&*+ EU ,&$%&, 9&* &*+ +)#()+& %+$&(,*# 9*-* , -*$%$-&+%,+ $, $ -(&%$-& ('

+)#()+&. T*+ -(&%$-& (' +)#()+& $(#&, &*+ -%&+%( (' ,/;),,( (%

,/;(%$&( (' &*+ +)#(++ &( &*+ +)#(+%!, -())$ (% -(&%( $, &( &*+ &)+ #$-+

$ )$+% 9*-* &*+ 9(% , &( ;+ (+ $, &, +,,+&$ +'5 ++)+&. L$9,

$''+-&5 9(%+%, /,/$ $(#& &*+ -(&%$-& (' +)#()+& $ ,/;(%$&( $, &*+

-%&+%$ +'5 &*+ (;2+-&, (' &*+% $&&+&(. T*+ -$&+5(% )(,& (;:(/, +-/+ ,

&*$& (' &*+ ,+'?+)#(+ #+%,(.

S()+ EU D%+-&:+, (& ( -/+ -(&%$-&, (' +)#()+& 9&* &*+% ,-(#+ ;/& $,(

(&*+% +)#()+& %+$&(,*#,.! T*+ &$&:+ )(,& -+$% %+-&+ &( &*+ )&$&(, ('

&*+ -(&%$-& (' +)#()+& 9$, C(/- D%+-&:+ 1B33EEC(' 14 O-&(;+% 11 ( $

+)#(+%!, (;5$&( &( '(%) +)#(++, (' &*+ -(&(, $##-$;+ &( &*+ -(&%$-& (%

(&*+% +)#()+& %+$&(,*#. T*, D%+-&:+ $)+ &( -(:+% $ 9(%5 %+$&(,*#

+)$$&5 '%() $ -(&%$-& (' +)#()+& (% $ (&*+% +5$ '(%) (' %+-%/&)+& +.5.&++9(%5 &%$5 +)#()+&?&%$5 +&- 9*-* , $ 9(%+% &( $ +)#(+%

$ 9*-* , ,/;2+-& &( &*+ +5,$&( '(%-+ $ M+);+% S&$&+!.

A,( %++:$& , &*+ #%(#(,$ '(% $ C(/- D%+-&:+ ( $ '(%) (' #%((' (' $

+)#()+& %+$&(,*#! COM 0 B63 '$ "%/,,+, 8 J$/$% 11. A%&-+ 1 ('

&*+ D%+-&:+ +'+, &, ,-(#+ $, '((9, T*, D%+-&:+ ,*$ $## &( +:+% #$

+)#(++ *$:5 $ -(&%$-& (% +)#()+& %+$&(,*# +'+ ; &*+ $9 '(%-+ $

M+);+% S&$&+ $(% 5(:+%+ ; &*+ $9 '(%-+ $ M+);+% S&$&+.! T*+ D%+-&:+

)$+, $ -+$% ,&-&( ;+&9++ -(&%$-&/$ $ (&*+% +)#()+& %+$&(,*#, $

-/+, ;(&* 9&* &*+ ,-(#+ (' &*+ D%+-&:+.

T*+ ,5'-$-+ (' &*+ D%+-&:+ , &*$& ; )#-$&( & -/+, 9&* &, ,-(#+ $

9(%+% 9*( (+, (& *$:+ $ -(&%$-& (' +)#()+&. I& $,( -/+, &*(,+ 9&* $
http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/areas/industrialrelations/dictionary/definitions/employmentrelationship.htmhttp://www.eurofound.europa.eu/areas/industrialrelations/dictionary/definitions/employee.htmhttp://www.eurofound.europa.eu/areas/industrialrelations/dictionary/definitions/selfemployedperson.htmhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31991L0533:EN:HTMLhttp://www.eurofound.europa.eu/areas/industrialrelations/dictionary/definitions/worker.htmhttp://www.eurofound.europa.eu/areas/industrialrelations/dictionary/definitions/employmentrelationship.htmhttp://www.eurofound.europa.eu/areas/industrialrelations/dictionary/definitions/employee.htmhttp://www.eurofound.europa.eu/areas/industrialrelations/dictionary/definitions/selfemployedperson.htmhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31991L0533:EN:HTMLhttp://www.eurofound.europa.eu/areas/industrialrelations/dictionary/definitions/worker.htm


10/21

%+$&(,*# (' +)#()+&. I& %+-(5,+, &*$& 9(% *$, &$+ +9 '(%), 9*-* )$ (&

'$ 9&* &*+ -$,,-$ +5$ +'&( (' -(&%$-&, (' +)#()+&. T*/, &*+ ,-(#+ ('

EU %+5/$&( (' &*+ $;(/% )$%+& ,*(9, ,()+ ,5 (' +&+5 ;+( -(&%$-&, ('

+)#()+& &( -(:+% 9(%+%, (/&,+ &*+ (%)$ -('+, (' +)#()+& $9.

I&0or#%,"o& o& *#loy#*&, $,%,/$ %&' +o&'","o&$

C(/- D%+-&:+ 1B33EEC (' 14 O-&(;+% 11 (;5+, &*+ +)#(+% &( '(%)

+)#(++, (' &*+ -(&(, $##-$;+ &( &*+ -(&%$-& (% (&*+% +)#()+& %+$&(,*#.

A, &*+ E#$$&(% M+)(%$/) &( &*+ #%(#(,+ D%+-&:+ #/& & ,()+ 9(%+%, *$:+

+&*+% $ 9%&&+ -(&%$-& (' +)#()+& (% $ +&&+% (' $##(&)+& +#$5 &*+

++)+&, (' &*+ +)#()+& %+$&(,*# (% %+'+%%5 &( $ -(+-&:+ $5%++)+& (% $

(&*+% +$, $--+,,;+ 9%&&+ (-/)+&!. A%&-+ (' &*+ D%+-&:+ )#(,+, $

(;5$&( ( +)#(+%, &( '(%) +)#(++, (' &*+ -(&(, $##-$;+ &( &*+ -(&%$-&

(% (&*+% +)#()+& %+$&(,*# $ A%&-+ 3 %+=/%+, &*, '(%)$&( &( ;+ 5:+

9%&&+ '(%).

I $&( C(/- D%+-&:+ 831EEC (' 1 J/+ 18 ( &*+ &%(/-&( ('

)+$,/%+, &( +-(/%$5+ )#%(:+)+&, &*+ ,$'+& $ *+$&* (' 9(%+%, $& 9(%

,/$&+, ,#+-'- %+=/%+)+&, ( +)#(+%, %+,#+-& (' &*+ #%(:,( (' '(%)$&(

&( :/$ 9(%+%,. T*, (;5$&( +&+, &( &+)#(%$% $ *%+ 9(%+%, -/%%+&

9(%5 &*+ +&+%#%,+ (% +,&$;,*)+& $ 9(%+%, '%() $ (/&,+ /+%&$5,

9(%5 &*+ +)#(+%!, +,&$;,*)+&.

T*+%+ , $9$, $ -(&%$-& ;+&9++ $ +)#(++ $ +)#(+%. Y(/ )$ (& *$:+

$&*5 9%&5 ;/& $ -(&%$-& 9 ,& +,&. T*, , ;+-$/,+ (/% $5%++)+& &( 9(%

'(% (/% +)#(+% $ (/% +)#(+%!, $5%++)+& &( #$ (/ '(% (/% 9(% '(%), $

-(&%$-&. Y(/% +)#(+% (+, *$:+ &( 5:+ (/ $ 9%&&+ ,&$&+)+& 9&* &9( )(&*, ('

(/ ,&$%&5 9(%. T*+ ,&$&+)+& )/,& -(&$ -+%&$ &+%), $ -(&(,.

A -(&%$-& 5:+, ;(&* (/ $ (/% +)#(+% -+%&$ %5*&, $ (;5$&(,. T*+ )(,&

-())( +$)#+ , &*$& (/ *$:+ $ %5*& &( ;+ #$ '(% &*+ 9(% (/ (. Y(/% +)#(+%

10
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31991L0533:EN:HTMLhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31989L0391:EN:HTMLhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31991L0533:EN:HTMLhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31989L0391:EN:HTML


11/21

*$, $ %5*& &( 5:+ %+$,($;+ ,&%/-&(, &( (/ $ '(% (/ &( 9(% $& (/% 2(;. T*+,+

%5*&, $ (;5$&(, $%+ -$+ -(&%$-&/$ &+%),.

T*+ %5*&, &*$& (/ *$:+ /+% (/% -(&%$-& (' +)#()+& $%+ $&( &( &*+ %5*&,

(/ *$:+ /+% $9 ,/-* $, '(% +$)#+ &*+ %5*& &( $ $&($ ))/) 9$5+ $ &*+

%5*& &( #$ *($,.

G++%$ (/ $ (/% +)#(+% -$ $5%++ &( 9*$&+:+% &+%), (/ 9,* &( ;+ &*+

-(&%$-& ;/& (/ -$(& $5%++ &( $ -(&%$-&/$ &+%) 9*-* 5:+, (/ +,, %5*&, &*$ (/

*$:+ /+% $9. A -(&%$-& (' +)#()+& 9 /,/$ ;+ )$+ /# (' &9( +, ('

-(&%$-&/$ &+%),. T*+,+ $%+

+#%+,, &+%),

)#+ &+%),.

E1r*$$ +o&,r%+,/%l ,*r#$

E#%+,, &+%), $ +)#()+& -(&%$-& $%+ &*(,+ &*$& $%+ +#-& $5%++ ;+&9++ (/

$ (/% +)#(+% $ -$ -/+

$)(/& (' 9$5+, -/5 $ (:+%&)+ (% ;(/, #$

*(/%, (' 9(% -/5 (:+%&)+ *(/%, &*+%+ , $ +5$ )& '(% )(,& +)#(++,

( &*+ )$)/) /);+% (' *(/%, &*+ -$ 9(% #+% 9++

*($ #$ -/5 *(9 )/-* &)+ ('' (/ $%+ +&&+ &( +$% $ 9(%+%,

$%+ +&&+ ; $9 &( 4 $, #$ *($ ? &*+ )$ ;+ +&&+ &( )(%+ /+%

&*+% -(&%$-&. P$%&?&)+ 9(%+%, $%+ +&&+ &( $ #%( %$&$ $)(/&

,- #$

%+/$- #$

*(9 )/-* 9$%5 (&-+ &*+ +)#(+% )/,& 5:+ (/ ' (/ $%+ ,),,+.

T*+ +#%+,, -(&%$-&/$ &+%), )$ (& ;+ (+ 9%&&+ (-/)+& ;/& )$ ;+ $

/);+% (' ''+%+& (-/)+&,. T*+ )$ (& ;+ 9%&&+ $& $. T*+ +#%+,, &+%), )$ ;+

'(/

11


12/21

&*+ 2(; $:+%&,+)+&

$ 9%&&+ ,&$&+)+& (' )$ &+%), $ -(&(

$ +&&+%, ,+& ; (/% +)#(+% &( (/ ;+'(%+ (/ ,&$%&+ 9(%

$&*5 (/ 9+%+ $,+ &( ,5 9*+ (% ,-+ (/ ,&$%&+ 9(%

,&%/-&(, (% $(/-+)+&, )$+ ; (/% +)#(+% ( $ (&-+ ;($% $& 9(%

$ (''-+ )$/$ (% ,&$'' *$;((

#$ ,#,.

Y(/ )$ (& *$:+ #(,,+,,( (' $ &*+ %++:$& #$#+%,. Y(/ )$ ;+ $;+ &( 5+& -(#+,

'%() (/% P+%,(+ D+#$%&)+& '(%+)$ (% &%$+ /( %+#%+,+&$&:+.

Y(/ ,*(/ $9$, ++# $ #$#+%, 5:+ &( (/ ; (/% +)#(+%.

"+-$/,+ $ -(&%$-& 9 ,& +,& +:+ ' &*+%+ , (&*5 9%&&+ (9 $&*5 9*-*

9$, ,$ &( (/ ; (/% +)#(+% $;(/& (/% %5*&, $ $&*5 9*-* (/ $5%++

:+%;$ ,*(/ ;+ %+-(%+.

I#l"*' +o&,r%+,/%l ,*r#$

I)#+ &+%), $ +)#()+& -(&%$-& $%+ &*(,+ 9*-* $%+ (& ,#+-'-$ $5%++

;+&9++ &*+ +)#(+% $ +)#(++.

I)#+ &+%), $%+

5++%$ &+%), 9*-* $%+ )#+ &( )(,& -(&%$-&, (' +)#()+&

&+%), )#+ ; -/,&() $ #%$-&-+

&+%), '%() $5%++)+&, )$+ 9&* &*+ +)#(+% ; $ &%$+ /( (% ,&$''

$,,(-$&(.

!*&*r%l "#l"*' ,*r#$

T*+ '((95 /&+, $ (;5$&(, 9 /,/$ ;+ )#+ &( $ -(&%$-& ('

+)#()+&?

1


13/21

&*+ +)#(++ $ +)#(+% *$:+ $ /& (' &%/,& &( +$-* (&*+%. T*, )+$, '(%

+$)#+ &*$& ' (/ 5:+ (/% +)#(+%!, /,&%$ ,+-%+&, &( $ -()#+&&(% (/

9 *$:+ ;%(+ $ )#+ -(&%$-&/$ &+%) (' &%/,&

&*+ +)#(+% $ +)#(++ *$:+ $ /& (' -$%+ &(9$%, +$-* (&*+% $ (&*+%

+)#(++,. T*, )+$, '(% +$)#+ &*$& &*+ +)#(+% ,*(/ #%(:+ $ ,$'+

9(%5 +:%()+& '(% &*+ +)#(++ $ &*$& &*+ +)#(++ ,*(/ /,+

)$-*+% ,$'+

&*+ +)#(++ *$, $ /& &( (;+ $ %+$,($;+ ,&%/-&(, 5:+ ; &*+

+)#(+%. T*+%+ , ( +5$ +'&( (' %+$,($;+ ;/& & 9(/ (& ;+

%+$,($;+ &( &+ $ +)#(++ &( ( ,()+&*5 /$9'/ '(% +$)#+ $ (%%

%:+% ,*(/ (& ;+ &( &( %:+ $ /,/%+ (% /&$+ :+*-+

(/% +)#(+% *$, $ /& &( #$ (/% 9$5+, $ #%(:+ 9(%. A, (5 $, (/ $%+

95 &( 9(% (/% +)#(+% )/,& #$ (/% 9$5+, +:+ ' ( 9(% , $:$$;+

/+,, (/% -(&%$-& ,$, (&*+%9,+.

T*r#$ "#l"*' (y +/$,o# %&' r%+,"+*

W*+ +$5 9&* $ #$%&-/$% +)#()+& #%(;+) &*+%+ )$ ;+ ( +#%+,,

-(&%$-&/$ &+%) -(:+%5 &*+ )$&&+%. I ,/-* $ -$,+ & , *+#'/ &( (( $& 9*$& *$,

*$##++ &( (&*+% +)#(++, &*+ 9(%#$-+. T*, , ;+-$/,+ ' (&*+% +)#(++, *$:+;++ 5:+ &*, %5*& (/ -$ $%5/+ &*$& (/ $,( *$:+ &*+ %5*& /+% -/,&() $

#%$-&-+!.

W%, %*&$ "0 %r, o0 ,* +o&,r%+, "$ (ro3*&

A -(&%$-& )$ ;+ ;%(+ ' +&*+% (/ (% (/% +)#(+% (+, (& '((9 $ &+%) &*+

-(&%$-&. T*, , (9 $, $ ;%+$-* (' -(&%$-&. F(% +$)#+ ' (/% +)#(+% (+,$ (/ +/ (' (&-+ 9*-* (/ $%+ +&&+ &( /+% (/% -(&%$-& &*, 9(/ ;+ $

;%+$-* (' -(&%$-&.

I' (/% +)#(+% ;%+$, (/% -(&%$-& (/ ,*(/ &% $ ,(%& &*+ )$&&+% (/& 9&* &*+)

'(%)$ '%,&.

13


14/21

I' &*, (+,& 9(% (/ -(/ &% %$,5 $ 5%+:$-+ $5$,& (/% +)#(+%. T*+%+ $%+

,#+-$ #%(-+/%+, (/ )$ ++ &( '((9 ' (/ 9$& &( &$+ (/& $ 5%+:$-+ $5$,&

(/% +)#(+%.

I' (/ &* (/% +)#(+% *$, ;%(+ (/% -(&%$-& (' +)#()+& (/ ,*(/ 5+&

$:-+ $;(/& 9*$& $-&( &( &$+ '%() $ +#+%+-+ +)#()+& $:,+% '(% +$)#+

$& $ C&


15/21

E#loy**4$ r"5, ,o 6r",,*& '*,%"l$ %(o/, ,* *#loy#*&, +o&,r%+,

A +)#(++, %+5$%+,, (' &*+ /);+% (' *(/%, &*+ 9(% #+% 9++ $%+ +&&+ &(

%+-+:+ $ 9%&&+ ,&$&+)+& '%() &*+% +)#(+% 9&* &9( )(&*, (' ,&$%&5 9(%. T*+,&$&+)+& ,*(/ +,-%;+ &*+ )$ &+%), (' &*+ -(&%$-& (' +)#()+&. Y(/ $%+ +&&+

&( &*+ ,&$&+)+& +:+ ' (/% 2(; ',*+, ;+'(%+ &*+ &$ &9( )(&*, $, (5 $, &*+ 2(;

9$, ,/##(,+ &( $,& '(% )(%+ &*$ (+ )(&* $ (/ *$:+ 9(%+ '(% $& +$,& $ )(&*.

A +)#(++ 9*( 9$&, $ 9%&&+ ,&$&+)+& )$ %+=/+,& (+ :+%;$ (% 9%&5. I& ,

/,/$ ;+,& &( %+=/+,& &*+ ,&$&+)+& 9%&5 $ ++# $ -(# (' &*+ +&&+% ,( &*$& (/

-$ #%(:+ (/ $,+ '(% &*+ ,&$&+)+&.

W%, 6r",,*& '*,%"l$ #/$, (* 5"*&

T*+ 9%&&+ ,&$&+)+& )/,& -/+ ; $9

&*+ $)+, (' (/ $ (/% +)#(+%

&*+ $&+ (/ ,&$%&+ 9(%

&*+ $)(/& (' #$ $ *(9 ('&+ (/ 9 ;+ #$ '(% +$)#+ 9++ (%

)(&*

&*+ *(/%, (' 9(%

(/% *($ +&&+)+& -/5 *(9 )$ $, ('' (/ $%+ +&&+ &( $

9*$& (/% *($ #$ 9 ;+ ' $

*(9 )/-* 9$%5 (&-+ (/ $%+ +&&+ &( ' (/ $%+ ,),,+ $ *(9 )/-*

9$%5 (/ )/,& 5:+ &*+ +)#(+% ' (/ 9$& &( +$:+ &*+ 2(;

&*+ &&+ (' &*+ 2(;

9*+%+ &*+ 2(; , ;$,+ '(% +$)#+ 9*+&*+% (/ 9 *$:+ &( 9(% )(%+ &*$

(+ (-$&(

9*$& &*+ ,-#$% ,),,$ $ 5%+:$-+ #%(-+/%+, $%+ &*+ 9(%#$-+

9*$& ,- #$ (/ $%+ +&&+ &(

9*+&*+% (/ -$ 2( &*+ +)#(+%!, (--/#$&($ #+,( ,-*+)+ ' &*+%+ , (+.

1B


16/21

T*+ $;(:+ '(%)$&( (+, (& *$:+ &( ;+ -/+ &*+ 9%&&+ ,&$&+)+& (' &+%), $

-(&(,. I& -$ ;+ 5:+ '(% +$)#+ $ ,&$'' *$;(( 9*-* $ &*+ +)#(++, -$

*$:+ $--+,, &(.

A +)#(+% )$ &% &( ,),, (/ '(% $,5 '(% &*+ 9%&&+ &+%), $ -(&(, ('

(/% 2(; +:+ &*(/5* (/ $%+ +&&+ &( &*, '(%)$&( ; $9.

Ho6 ,* r"5,$ "& ,* *#loy**4$ +o&,r%+, r*l%,* ,o r"5,$ "& l%6

M(,& +)#(++, *$:+ %5*&, 5:+ ; $9. T*+,+ $%+ -$+ ,&$&/&(% %5*&,. T*+ $%+

$&( &( $ %5*&, (/ *$:+ /+% (/% +)#()+& -(&%$-&. S&$&/&(% %5*&, 9*-*

(/ )$ *$:+ -/+

$ %5*& &( $ 9%&&+ ,&$&+)+& (' &*+ &+%), (' +)#()+&

$ %5*& &( $ &+),+ #$ ,&$&+)+&

$ %5*& &( )$&+%& +$:+

$ %5*& &( #$ -()#+,$&( '(% ;+5 )$+ %+/$&

$ %5*& (& &( ;+ /'$% ,),,+.

G++%$ (/ $ (/% +)#(+% -$ $5%++ $ &+%), &*+ +)#()+& -(&%$-&.

H(9+:+% (/ -$(& $5%++ &( $ -(&%$-&/$ &+%) 9*-* 5:+, (/ '+9+% %5*&, &*$ (/%

,&$&/&(% %5*&,. I' (/ *$:+ $5%++ &( $ -(&%$-&/$ &+%) &*$& 5:+, (/ '+9+% %5*&, &*$

(/% ,&$&/&(% %5*&, '(% +$)#+ (/ *$:+ $5%++ &*$& (/ 9 (& &$+ )$&+%& +$:+

(/% +)#(+% 9 (& ;+ $;+ &( +'(%-+ &*+ -(&%$-&/$ &+%). Y(/ 9 ,& *$:+ $ +5$

%5*& &( )$&+%& +$:+.

T*+%+ $%+ #$%&-/$% %/+, %+5$%5 *+$&* $ ,$'+& $& 9(%. F(% +$)#+ ' (/ ;++:+

&*$& $ #+-+ (' +=/#)+& (% $ #%(-+,, )$ ;+ $5+%(/, (/ )$ *$:+ $ %5*& &( %+'/,+

&( 9(% 9&* & $ ,,& &*$& (/% +)#(+% &$+, $+=/$&+ ,$'+& )+$,/%+,.

16


17/21

P*ol* o& 0"1*' ,*r# +o&,r%+,$

T*+%+ $%+ ,#+-$ %/+, $;(/& +)#(++, 9*( $%+ ( '+ &+%) +)#()+& -(&%$-&,

9*-* )+$, &*+ -(&%$-& -(&$, $ $&+ 9*+ & 9 +.

Pro(%,"o&%ry *r"o'$

I& , -())( '(% +)#(+%, &( &%+$& +9 +)#(++, $, ;+5 $ #%(;$&($%! #+%(

9*+ &*+ '%,& ,&$%& 9(%. T*+ +)#(+% )$ &*+ $%5/+ &*$& (/ -$ ;+ ,),,+ 9*+

(/ $%+ &*, #%(;$&($% #+%( 9&* ( 9$%5 (&-+. E)#(+%, $,( ('&+ $%5/+

&*$& +)#(++, ( (& *$:+ /,/$ +)#()+& %5*&, &( '(% +$)#+ #$ (% *($,

/%5 &*, #%(;$&($%! #+%(.

T*+%+ , ( ,/-* &*5 $9 $, $ #%(;$&($%! #+%(. O-+ (/ *$:+ ,&$%&+ 9(% &*+

/);+% (' 9++, (/ *$:+ 9(%+ ;+5 ( &*+ $ (/ ,&$%& (& '%() ,()+ &)+ 9*+

$ #%(;$&($%! #+%( , (:+%. Y(/% '/ -(&%$-&/$ %5*&, $,( ,&$%& '%() &*+ '%,& $ ('

9(% /+,, (/% -(&%$-& ,$, (&*+%9,+.

Y(/% -(&%$-& -(/ *(9+:+% -(&$ &+%), 9*-* ( $## /%5 (/% #%(;$&($%

#+%( $ 9*-* $%+ +,, '$:(/%$;+ &*$ &*(,+ 9*-* $## 9*+ (/% #%(;$&($%

#+%( *$, ++. T*+,+ &+%), )/,& (& &$+ $9$ (/% ,&$&/&(% %5*&,.

Y(/% +)#(+% -$ +&+ (/% #%(;$&($% #+%( $, (5 $, (/% -(&%$-& ,$, &*+

-$ ( &*,. F(% +$)#+ (/% +)#(+% )$ 9$& &( +&+ (/% #%(;$&($% #+%(

(%+% &( *$:+ )(%+ &)+ &( $,,+,, (/% #+%'(%)$-+. H(9+:+% &*+ -$ ( ( &*, '

(/% -(&%$-& *$, $ &+%) 9*-* ,$, (/% #%(;$&($% #+%( -$ ;+ +&++ /+%

&*+,+ -%-/),&$-+,.

E#loy**$ *#loy*' o& % $*r"*$ o0 $or, ,*r# +o&,r%+,$ %&' +%$/%l 6or3*r$

E)#(+%, )$ +)#( +)#(++, ( $ ,+%+, (' ,*(%& &+%) -(&%$-&, /,/$ $,&5 '(%

$;(/& $ +$% ;/& $9$, +,, &*$ (+ (% &9( +$%, &( &% &( $:( &*+ +)#(++ 5$5

+)#()+& %5*&,. T*+ )$ $,( +)#( &*+ +)#(++ ( /%5 $ #$%&-/$% ,+$,(

'(% +$)#+ /%5 &*+ ,/))+% &( #- '%/& ;/& &*+ +)#(++ )$ ;+ +#+-&+ &( 5(

;$- $ 9(% '(% &*$& +)#(+% +$-* +$% /%5 &*$& ,+$,(.

17


18/21

S()+ +)#(+%, -$ &*+% 9(%+%, +%$/%l 6or3*r$ (%+% &( $:( *$:5 &( 5:+ &*+)

9*$& &*+ $%+ +&&+ &( /+% +)#()+& $9. E:+ ' (/% +)#(+% ,$, (/ $%+ $

-$,/$ 9(%+% &*, (+,& )+$ &*$& (/ $%+.

Contracts without specific working hours

7*ro +o&,r%+,$ %&' 3*y ,"#* +o&,r%+,$

+%( -(&%$-&,! $%+ -(&%$-&, (' +)#()+& 9*-* ( (& ,#+-' $ /);+% (' *(/%,

&*$& &*+ +)#(++ 9 ;+ %+=/%+ &( 9(%. T*+ $%+ -())( '(% ,*(# 9(%+%,. T*+

-(&%$-& ,$, &*$& ,&+$ (' 9(%5 $ ,#+-'- /);+% (' *(/%, #+% 9++ (/ )/,& ;+

%+$ &( 9(% 9*++:+% (/ $%+ $,+.

K+ &)+! -(&%$-&, $%+ &*(,+ 9*+%+ (/ $%+ 5/$%$&++ ,()+ 9(% ;/& $%+ (&

5/$%$&++ %+5/$% *(/%, +$-* 9++.

T*+ #%(;+) 9&*


19/21

Ill*5%l Co&,r%+,$ o0 E#loy#*&,

Y(/ 9 *$:+ $ +5$ -(&%$-& (' +)#()+& '

(/ 5+& $ (% #$%& (' (/% 9$5+, #$ -$,* *$@ $ &$ $ $&($ ,/%$-+ -(&%;/&(, $%+ (& #$ ( &*+ 9$5+, 9*+ &*+

,*(/ *$:+ ;++@ $

(/ +9 (/ 9+%+ ;+5 #$ &*, 9$ &( $:( #$5 &$ $(% $&($

,/%$-+ -(&%;/&(,.

A -(&%$-& 9 $,( ;+ +5$ ' & , '(% $ ))(%$ (% +5$ $-&.

A -(&%$-& (' +)#()+& 9 (& ;+ +5$ ' ( (+ (' &*+ #$%&+, , (& +-$%5 &*+#$)+&, $(% )$5 $##%(#%$&+ +/-&(,.

1


20/21

CONCLUSION

A -(&%$-& (' +)#()+& , /,/$ +'+ &( )+$ &*+ ,$)+ $, $ -(&%$-& (' ,+%:-+.

A -(&%$-& (' ,+%:-+ *$, *,&(%-$ ;++ ,&5/,*+ '%() $ -(&%$-& '(% ,+%:-+,

&*+ +#%+,,( $&+%+ &( )# &*+ :5 + ;+&9++ $ #+%,( 9*( , +)#(+ $

,()+(+ 9*( , ,+' +)#(+. T*+ #/%#(,+ (' &*+ :5 + , &( $&&%;/&+ %5*&, &(

,()+ , (' #+(#+ 9*( 9(% '%() (&*+%,. T*, -(/ ;+ &*+ %5*& &( $ ))/) 9$5+

*($ #$ ,- +$:+ '$% ,),,$ $ 9%&&+ ,&$&+)+& (' &*+ -(&%$-& &*+ %5*& &(

(%5$,+ $ /( $ ,( (. T*+ $,,/)#&( , &*$& 5+/+ ,+' +)#(+ #+(#+

,*(/ ;+ $;+ &( (( $'&+% &*+% (9 $''$%, $ &*+%+'(%+ 9(% &*+ ( '(% (&*+%,

,*(/ (& -$%% 9&* & $ (;5$&( &( (( $'&+% &*+,+ %5*&,.

Terms and conditions of employment

T*+ '(-/, (' )(,& +)#()+& -(&%$-&, , 9$5+,'(% 9(%. E,,+&$ &+%), )5*& ;+

(&-+ #+%(, &*+ +:+& (' ,),,$ *($ #$ %5*&, &*+ #$-+ (' 9(% $ #+,(

,-*+)+,. M$ 2/%,-&(, %+=/%+ &*+,+ '$-&(%, &( ;+ ,+& (/& $ 9%&&+ -(&%$-&. I

&+%), (' #$ &*+ +)#(++ )$ ;+ -()#+,$&+ &*%(/5* 9$5+, $ ,$$% (% ;

-()),,(. I $&( &( )(+&$% -()#+,$&( &*+ +)#()+& -(&%$-& ('&+

,#+-'+, $ '%5+ ;++'$-$5+ -/5 $ %+&%+)+& #$ +)#(++ ,&(- (#&(,

*($+&&+)+& %+=/%+ *(/%, (' 9(% $ +,#+-$ &*+ US *+$&* ,/%$-+

;++'&,.

N(%)$ ,/-* -(&%$-&, #%(:+ '(% &+%)$&( (' +)#()+& ; +&*+% #$%& $

-/+ $,,(-$&+ )$&&+%, ,/-* $, (&-+ #+%( -()#+,$&( $%%$5+)+&,.

0
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Contract_of_service&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract_for_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_(remuneration)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fringe_benefithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retirement_planhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Employee_stock_optionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holidayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_insurancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Contract_of_service&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract_for_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_(remuneration)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fringe_benefithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retirement_planhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Employee_stock_optionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holidayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_insurance


21/21

BIBLIO!RAPHY

"OOKS REFERRED

M,*%$ S. N. L$;(/% L$9> T9+&?F'&* E&( 00@ C+&%$ L$9 P/;-$&(

M$ P.L. L$;(/% $ I&+%$&($ L$9>@ T+&* E&( 006@ E$,&+% "((

C()#$

WE"SITE REFERRED

999.;,.5(:

*'9.-.

999.+)#()+&?,&/+,.-(.

999.-)%.-.

$;(/%.+*5(:&.-.

DICTIONARY REFERRED

G$%+% "$-!, L$9 D-&($%

O'(% A:$-+ L+$%+%, D-&($%

1
http://www.employment-studies.co/http://www.icmr.nic.in/http://www.employment-studies.co/http://www.icmr.nic.in/

labour law.doc

Documents