land use and land cover change monitoring of surajpur wetland,...

17th Esri India User Conference 2017

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Land Use and Land Cover change monitoring of Surajpur Wetland, Uttar Pradesh: using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques

Sewata Tomar1, Arnab Saha2, Maya Kumari3, Shivangi Somvanshi4

1,2 Student, Amity Institute of Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing 3,4Asst. Professor, Amity Institute of Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing

Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

Word Limit of the Paper should not be more than 3000 Words = 7/8 Pages)

Abstract:

Wetlands are extremely important areas throughout the world for wildlife protection, recreation, sediment control and flood prevention. Wetlands are important bird’s habitats and birds use them for feeding, roosting, nesting and rearing their young. In Surajpur Wetland are mainly used for agriculture, fisheries, reclamation for harboring and irrigation purposes. In this paper an attempt is made to study the changes in land use and land cover in Surajpur wetland area over 11 years’ period (2003-2014). LULC is an important component in understanding the interactions of the human activities with the environment and thus it is necessary to be able to simulate changes. The land cover mapping of study area was attempted using remotely sensed images of Landsat and Google Earth imagery. The study area was classified into five categories on the basis of field study, geographical conditions, and remote sensing data. LULC changes have been detected by image processing method in EDRAS imagine 2014 and ArcGIS 10.3. The eleven years’ time period of 2003-2014 shows the major type of land use change. Vegetation area that occupied about around 60 per cent of the Surajpur wetland area in 2003 has decreased to 34.25 percent in 2014. Wetland is increased 8.17 percent and Urban area, Fallow land and Water body also have experienced change. Finally, through the work it is recommended that the wetlands need detail mapping through the use of advance remote sensing techniques like microwave and LIDAR for restoration and management of wetland.

Keywords: LULC, ArcGIS, Surajpur, ERDAS, Remote

Sensing

About the Author:

Ms. Sewata Tomar

Currently pursuing M.Sc. in Geographical Information System and Remote Sensing from Amity University Sec 125 Noida. I’ve done my graduation from University of Delhi in B.A.(Hons.) Geography. Area of interests lies in Forestry and LiDAR Remote Sensing.

E mail ID: [email protected]

Contact: +918802011032

Mr. Arnab Saha

Currently pursuing M.Tech in Geo-informatics and Remote Sensing from Amity University. Post-Graduation Diploma in Remote Sensing and GIS from IIRS, ISRO Dehradun. Had done B.Tech in Civil Engineering. Area of interest lies in hydrology, climate change and hydrological modelling.

Mrs. Maya Kumari

Asst. Professor, Amity Institute of Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh.

Mrs. Shivangi Somvanshi

Asst. Professor, Amity Institute of Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh.


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INTRODUCTION

A wetland is a land range that is immersed with water, possibly lasting long/permanently or seasonally, such that it takes the qualities of a unique or distinct ecosystem. Wetlands are the connection between land and water, also are exactly of the most profitable biological communities (ecosystem) in the world. Few names for different sorts from claiming wetlands would swamp, bog and marsh. Wetlands need aid profitable land assets that satisfy different natural, social and production functions. The study area is situated near the Surajpur village in dadri tehsil of district Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh under Greater Noida industrial development authority (GNIDA), Uttar Pradesh under western wildlife circuit. Surajpur is a fantastic sample of an urban wetland in Yamuna stream Basin but Also manifestations suitableness rearing ground for waterfowl for example, Spot-billed Duck, Lesser-whistling Duck, cotton Pygmy Goose and Comb duck. The area comprises of two major Reserve forest blocks ie: - Gulistanpur Forest Block and Khodna Khurd Forest Block that extends 308 hec out of which 60 hec is the natural wetland. The terrain of the area is almost plain, although the track divides the area into flat terrestrial form and deep wetland area. The lake area has fine grand soil called lacoustrine soil and supposes tropical moist and dry deciduous vegetation (Champion & Seth, 1968).

Surajpur wetland is basically rained - nourished different wellsprings to water revive need aid casement territory for Hawalia channel which is connected with Hindan River and the watering system for Tilapta minor, which initiates with Kulesra Bund Hindan River. The total geographical area extends over 308 hectares (3.08km2). The best duration for visiting is from November to March. The general climate of the area is tropical Monsoon sort and south-west Monsoon is the principle wellspring of the precipitation. Most extreme precipitation happens starting with July to October extending form 400-500mm. There are total 180 bird’s species (Water birds - 82, Woodland birds - 99, Grassland birds - 49) with 48 families that were recorded.13 species of fishes were recorded. And the total 58 invertebrates (Butterflies - 44, Dragonflies - 6, Annelids - 3, Arthropods - 3, Mollecus - 2) were recorded. And 8 species of reptiles were recorded. And at last 6 species of mammals were recorded. There are total220 species of Plants (Flora) that were recorded including 155 Herbs, 11 Shrubs, 36 Tree and 18 species of Hebasius Climbers. The area lies in the national capital region (NCR) such as the people visit the place most frequently and is loved by the majority of the population. The area is privileged not only with a great cultural heritage but also with the natural biological diversity. The remote sensing and GIS techniques were used to monitor changes over a period of time so that we can identify the impact of urbanization on the cultural and natural heritage of the wetland. That how much change is there and what are the possibly reasons for the i.e.: - positive or negative changes on the wetland.


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Study Area Surajpur wetland is situated close to Surajpur town in the locale of Gautam Budh Nagar which may be over Dadri Tehsil Also goes under Greater Noida Development Authority, Uttar Pradesh. The area of study lies between latitudes 28°27' N - 28°31' N Latitude and 77°22- 77°36 'E longitude and the elevation of 184.7m. msl. This territory will be spotted 800m starting with Delhi-Noida-Dadri street and also 6km starting with Dadri railway Station, 26 km from Delhi, and 24km from Noida, 3km more from Noida city and 90km from Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. Surajpur is a fantastic sample of an urban wetland in Yamuna stream Basin but Also manifestations suitableness rearing ground for waterfowl for example, Spot-billed Duck, Lesser-whistling Duck, cotton Pygmy Goose and Comb duck. The location map of study area is as follows: -

Figure 1: Study area map of Surajpur Wetland

Data and Materials

The Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 OLI & TIRS satellite data was used for the year 2003 and 2014 respectively in the present study and temporal changes are analyzed. Then the supervised classification was done for both the year for generation of land use/land cover map and to analyses change detection. Both the pictures from the same season were classified to make the highest precision in the classified maps. Image processing software and ArcGIS 10.3 software’s were used in the analysis, classification and generation of final maps of the area.


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Methodology

Figure 2: Methodology flowchart of LULC change detection analysis

The methodology that was followed: - The satellite image (Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 OLI & TIRS) was downloaded from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) site. All the Geometric and Radiometric corrections was done and the image was further processed for the image enhancement. After the enhancement the subset of the area was taken with a buffer distance of 10km. Then the supervised classification was done with the help of signature files. 5 Major classes i.e.: - Fallow land, Urban land, Vegetation, Water body and Wetland. The area and percentage were calculated and finally the outcomes (Changes) were analyzed and the results were given. The results shows that there is a rapid fall in the percentage of water and Vegetation of the area which is directly affecting the Flora and Fauna of the wetland.

Landsat 7 Satellite image of 2003

Landsat 8 Satellite image of 2014

Geometric and Radiometric Corrections

Image Enhancement

Edit Signature file

Supervised Classification

Hybrid Classification Maximum Likelihood

Landuse and Landcover 2003

Landuse and Landcover 2014

Subset Area

Change Detection Analysis

Change Prediction


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Results and Discussion

Figure 3: Land use and Land cover map of Surajpur Wetland 2003 & 2014

The change scenario of the Land use and Land cover are depicted in (Figure 3) and the area of each category that is changed within 11 years are presented in Table no. 1. The supervised classification based on maximum likelihood shows 6 different categories of Land use and Land cover that has been changed. They are as follows:

1. Fallow land 2. Urban area 3. Vegetation 4. Water body 5. Wetlands 6. Surajpur Wetland area

The changes are mentioned in area as well as in percentage. The changes can be identified visually also through both the Land use and Land cover map shown in (figure 3). The maps are well defining the changes that have been taken place within the past 11 years i.e.: - the change in the area of wetland earlier it was 3.09% and changed to 11.19% in the year 2014 so, the total percentage of change in the wetland was 8.17%.


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Figure 4: Landuse/Landcover change in different classes in Surajpur Wetland area (based on Landsat satellite image)


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Table 1: Area and amount of change in different LULC classes in Surajpur Wetland area during 2003 to 2014

Class Name 2003 2014 Change (2003-2014)

Km2 % Km2 % Km2 %

Wetland 11.91 3.02 44.12 11.19 32.21 8.17

Vegetation 233.98 59.34 98.96 25.09 -135.02 -34.25

Built-up 88.61 22.47 164.36 41.68 75.75 19.21

Fallow land 37.6 9.54 83.05 21.04 45.45 11.5

Water body 22.2 5.63 3.81 1.00 -18.39 -4.63

The above table shows all the major classes of Land use and Land cover of the wetland that has been studied in the change analysis. The results clearly show that there is a rapid decrease in the vegetation (34.25%) which is due to conversion of vegetation into urban area or fallow lands and there is an increase in urban area and fallow land (19.21% built-up and 11.5% in fallow land) which is affecting the quality of water and Biodiversity of the wetland.

There is a fall in the percentage of the water body (4.63%) which is deliberately affecting the natural and cultural heritage of the Surajpur wetland as the water is the basic requirement for all the living beings. The fall in the water body is directly affecting the Bird species, the animal species (Aquatic and Mammals) and the flora of the wetland.

Figure 4: Graph of LULC change in percent wise during 2003 to 2014

The above (figure 4) is showing the changes that has been taken place in the area through (Bar Graph) graphical representation.

8.17

-34.25

19.21

11.5

-4.63

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

Wetland Vegetaion Built-up Fallow land Water body

Ch

ange

are

a (%

)

Class name

Landuse/Landcover change (2003-2014)


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Conclusion Wetlands are exceptional zones which give acceptable fundamental habitat to various sorts for flora and fauna. These zones are extremely critical Similarly as they help in controlling the nature's domain and gathering gives an exceptional habitat which will be home of Numerous sorts for plants and also animal species. The protection of wetlands specially in urban areas are very important as these are degrading at a rapid speed which is not in the favor of the natural environment and the measures are not enough for conserving them. All these factors should be kept in mind that there should be a need not only to conserve these areas but also to understand these areas at a deeper level and thus these areas can be monitored and mapped through satellite data and the analysis can be done. Surajpur wetland is situated in the Greater Noida region of National Capital Region and it provides a remarkable ecosystem/habitat for different species of flora and fauna. In the present study the efforts are made to monitor and map the changes that had taken place in the area through various Remote Sensing and GIS techniques. The satellite images were taken from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) site, the area was interpreted with the help of various remote sensing techniques i.e.: - the False color composite FCC was created, Supervised classification was done with maximum likelihood classification method and the area that has been changed in the past 11 years have been detected and analyzed. The area was calculated in Km2 as well as in the percentage.

References

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6. Surajpur Wetland & Natural Forest, Available-http://surajpurwetland-up.com. 7. V.S.S. kiran, Change detection in landuse/landcover using remote sensing & GIS techniques: A case

study of Mahananda catchment, West Bengal. International Journal of Research in Management Studies (IJRMS), 2(2):2013, 68-72.

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