land’s end (runnels stone) rmcz post-survey site...

Land’s End (Runnels Stone) rMCZ Post-survey Site Report

Contract Reference: MB0120

Report Number: 34 Version 5

August 2015

Project Title: Marine Protected Areas Data and Evidence Co-ordination Programme Report No 34. Title: Land’s End (Runnels Stone) rMCZ Post-survey Site Report Defra Project Code: MB0120 Defra Contract Manager: Carole Kelly Funded by: Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) Marine Science and Evidence Unit Marine Directorate Nobel House 17 Smith Square London SW1P 3JR Authorship Jon Evans New Forest District Council, Channel Coastal Observatory [email protected] Andrew Colenutt New Forest District Council, Channel Coastal Observatory [email protected] Disclaimer: The content of this report does not necessarily reflect the views of Defra, nor is Defra liable for the accuracy of information provided, or responsible for any use of the report’s content. Although the data provided in this report have been quality assured, the final products - e.g. habitat maps – may be subject to revision following any further data provision or once they have been used in SNCB advice or assessments.

Cefas Document Control Title: Land’s End (Runnels Stone) rMCZ Post-survey Site Report

Submitted to: Marine Protected Areas Survey Co-ordination & Evidence Delivery Group

Date submitted: August 2015

Project Manager: David Limpenny

Report compiled by: Jon Evans, Andrew Colenutt

Quality control by: Markus Diesing, Christopher Barrio, Robin Law

Approved by & date: Christopher Barrio (17/08/2015)

Version: 5

Version Control History

Author Date Comment Version

Andrew Colenutt 12/12/2014 First Draft submitted to Cefas 1

Andrew Colenutt 21/01/2015 Second Draft submitted to Cefas 2

Andrew Colenutt 04/02/2015 Third Draft submitted to Cefas 3

Keith Weston 09/06/2015 Updated following external reviewers’ comments 4

Christopher Barrio 17/08/2015 Final comments addressed 5

Land’s End (Runnels Stone) rMCZ Post-survey Site Report i

Table of Contents

Table of Contents ........................................................................................................ i

List of Tables .............................................................................................................. iii

List of Figures ............................................................................................................. iv

1 Executive Summary: Report Card ................................................................. 1

1.1 Features proposed in the SAD for inclusion within the MCZ designation ...... 1

1.2 Evidence of human activities occurring within the rMCZ ............................... 1

2 Introduction ................................................................................................... 2

2.1 Location of the rMCZ ..................................................................................... 2

2.2 Rationale for site position and designation .................................................... 3

2.3 Rationale for prioritising this rMCZ for additional evidence collection ........... 4

2.4 Survey aims and objectives .......................................................................... 4

3 Methods ........................................................................................................ 6

3.1 Acoustic data acquisition ............................................................................... 6

3.2 Ground truth sample acquisition .................................................................... 6

3.3 Production of the updated habitat map ......................................................... 7

3.4 Quality of the updated map ........................................................................... 8

4 Results ........................................................................................................ 10

4.1 Site Assessment Document habitat map .................................................... 10

4.2 Updated habitat map ................................................................................... 10

4.3 Quality of the updated habitat map ............................................................. 12

4.4 Broadscale habitats identified ..................................................................... 12

4.5 Habitat FOCI identified ................................................................................ 13

4.6 Species FOCI identified .............................................................................. 14

4.7 Quality Assurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC) ...................................... 15

4.8 Data limitations and adequacy of the updated habitat map ......................... 15

4.9 Observations of human impacts on the seabed .......................................... 16

5 Conclusion .................................................................................................. 17

5.1 Presence and extent of broadscale habitats ............................................... 17

5.2 Presence and extent of habitat FOCI .......................................................... 18

5.3 Presence and distribution of species FOCI ................................................. 18

5.4 Evidence of human activities impacting the seabed .................................... 18

References ............................................................................................................... 19

Data sources ............................................................................................................ 21

Annexes ................................................................................................................... 22

Annex 1. Broadscale habitat features listed in the ENG. ..................................... 22

Land’s End (Runnels Stone) rMCZ Post-survey Site Report ii

Annex 2. Habitat FOCI listed in the ENG. ............................................................ 23

Annex 3. Low or limited mobility species FOCI listed in the ENG. ....................... 24

Annex 4. Highly mobile species FOCI listed in the ENG. ..................................... 25

Annex 5. Video and stills processing protocol. .................................................... 26

Appendices .............................................................................................................. 28

Appendix 1. Survey metadata (wgnd0112 & 2FGL50314) ................................... 28

Appendix 2. Outputs from acoustic surveys ......................................................... 38

Appendix 3. Evidence of human activities within the Land’s End rMCZ ............... 40

Appendix 4. Species list ....................................................................................... 41

Appendix 5. Analyses of sediment samples: classification and composition ....... 45

Appendix 6. BSH/EUNIS Level 3 descriptions derived from video and stills ........ 46

Appendix 7. Example images for broadscale habitats ......................................... 64

Appendix 8. Example image from survey of habitat FOCI ................................... 65

Land’s End (Runnels Stone) rMCZ Post-survey Site Report iii

List of Tables

Table 1. Broadscale habitats for which Land’s End rMCZ was proposed for designation. ....................................................................................................... 3

Table 2. Habitat FOCI for which Land’s End rMCZ was proposed for designation. ... 4

Table 3. Species FOCI for which Land’s End rMCZ was proposed for designation. . 4

Table 4. Description of derivatives calculated for bathymetry data. .......................... 8

Table 5. Broadscale habitats identified in Land’s End rMCZ. .................................. 13

Table 6. Habitat FOCI identified in Land’s End rMCZ. ............................................. 14

Table 7. Species FOCI identified in Land’s End rMCZ. ........................................... 15

Land’s End (Runnels Stone) rMCZ Post-survey Site Report iv

List of Figures

Figure 1. Location of the Land’s End rMCZ. Bathymetry is from the Southwest Regional Coastal Monitoring Programme (2008) and the Maritime and Coastguard Agency’s Civil Hydrography Programme (2008). ............................ 3

Figure 2. Location of ground truth sampling sites in the Land’s End rMCZ. Bathymetry is from the Southwest Regional Coastal Monitoring Programme (2008) and the Maritime and Coastguard Agency’s Civil Hydrography Programme (2008). ............................................................................................ 7

Figure 3. Habitat map from the Site Assessment Document. .................................. 10

Figure 4. Updated map of broadscale habitats. ....................................................... 11

Figure 5. Overall MESH confidence score for the updated broadscale habitat map. ......................................................................................................................... 12

Figure 6. Habitat FOCI identified. ............................................................................ 13

Figure 7. Distribution of stations where species FOCI ‘Pink Sea-Fan (Eunicella verrucosa)’ was recorded. ................................................................................ 14

Land’s End (Runnels Stone) rMCZ Post-survey Site Report 1

1 Executive Summary: Report Card

This report details the findings of dedicated groundtruthing surveys at the Land’s End (Runnels Stone) recommended Marine Conservation Zone (rMCZ), combined with existing remotely sensed acoustic data. The site is being considered for inclusion in a network of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in UK waters, designed to meet conservation objectives under the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009. Prior to the dedicated survey of this rMCZ, the site assessment had been made on the basis of best available evidence, drawn largely from historical data, modelled habitat maps and stakeholder knowledge of the area. The purpose of the groundtruthing surveys was to provide direct evidence of the presence and extent of the broadscale habitats (BSH) and habitat FOCI (Features of Conservation Importance) that had been detailed in the original Site Assessment Document (SAD).

This Executive Summary is presented in the form of a ‘Report Card’ comparing the characteristics predicted in the original SAD with the updated habitat map and new sample data. Remotely sensed acoustic data available for the creation of a new habitat map included the 2008 data from the Southwest Regional Coastal Monitoring Programme, and the 2008 data from the Maritime and Coastguard Agency’s Civil Hydrography Programme. New sample data have been acquired though two dedicated surveys conducted by the Environment Agency’s Marine Monitoring Service (MMS), one in March 2012 to collect video and still images of the seabed, and a second in March 2014 to provide additional biological and sedimentological information. The comparison covers broadscale habitats, habitat FOCI and species FOCI.

1.1 Features proposed in the SAD for inclusion within the MCZ designation

* These values are calculated from the 13.28 km2 covered by the pre-existing acoustic data. The total area of the Land’s End rMCZ reported in the SAD is 18.6 km2.

1.2 Evidence of human activities occurring within the rMCZ

The acoustic bathymetry and groundtruthing data provide no evidence of anthropogenic features or wrecks present with the boundaries of the rMCZ.

Feature

Extent according

to SAD

Extent according to updated

habitat map*

Accordance between SAD and updated

habitat map

Broadscale Habitats (BSH) Presence Extent

A3.1 High energy infralittoral rock 3.36 km2 2.38 km2 -0.98 km2

A3.2 Moderate energy infralittoral rock 0.27 km2 0 km2 -0.27 km2

A4.1 High energy circalittoral rock 0.09 km2 0 km2 -0.09 km2

A4.2 Moderate energy circalittoral rock 1.74 km2 4.21 km2 +2.47 km2

A5.1 Subtidal coarse sediment 1.92 km2 3.78 km2 +1.86 km2

A5.2 Subtidal sand 11.09 km2 2.91 km2 -8.18 km2

Habitat FOCI

Subtidal Sands and Gravels 9.52 km2 6.69 km2 -2.83 km2

Species FOCI

Pink Sea-Fan (Eunicella verrucosa) 2 records 8 records N/A

Sea Snail (Paludinella littorina) 1 record Not recorded N/A


2 Introduction

In accordance with the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009, the UK is committed to the development and implementation of a network of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). The network will incorporate existing designated sites (e.g. Special Areas of Conservation and Special Protection Areas) along with a number of newly designated sites which, within the English territorial waters and offshore waters of England, Wales and Northern Ireland, will be termed Marine Conservation Zones (MCZs). In support of this initiative, four regional projects were set up to select sites that could contribute to this network because they contain one or more features specified in the Ecological Network Guidance (ENG; Natural England and the JNCC, 2010). The regional projects proposed a total of 127 recommended MCZs (rMCZs) and compiled a Site Assessment Document (SAD) for each site. The SAD summarises what evidence was available for the presence and extent of the various habitat, species and geological features specified in the ENG and for which each site was being recommended.

Due to the scarcity of survey-derived seabed habitat maps in UK waters, such assessments were necessarily made using best available evidence, which included historical data, modelled habitat maps and stakeholder knowledge of the areas concerned.

It became apparent that the best available evidence on features for which some sites had been recommended as MCZs was of variable quality. Consequently, Defra initiated a number of measures aimed at improving the evidence base, one of which took the form of a dedicated survey programme, implemented and co-ordinated by Cefas, to collect and interpret new survey data at selected rMCZs. This report provides an interpretation of the survey data collected by the Environment Agency (EA) at the Land’s End rMCZ during March 2012 and 2014, alongside existing acoustic data from two sources collected in 2008.

2.1 Location of the rMCZ

The Land’s End (Runnels Stone1) rMCZ is located on the southern coast of the southwest tip of Cornwall. The site boundary follows the coastline along the mean high water mark from Treen Cliff/Cribba Head to the east of Porthcurno, to Gwennap Head in the west. The seaward boundary extends westwards for about 3.5 km and then runs back in an arc towards Cribba Head (Figure 1) (Lieberknecht et al., 2011).

1 As part of the Tranche 2 designations it has been recommended that the name is amended to include ‘Runnels Stone’ to better reflect its location. The original shorter name has been retained throughout the report, for brevity.


Figure 1. Location of the Land’s End rMCZ. Bathymetry is from the Southwest Regional Coastal Monitoring Programme (2008) and the Maritime and Coastguard Agency’s Civil Hydrography Programme (2008).

2.2 Rationale for site position and designation

The Land’s End rMCZ was included in the proposed network because of its contribution to Ecological Network Guidance (ENG) criteria to broadscale habitats, and its added ecological importance. For a detailed site description of the site see Lieberknecht et al. (2011) and ‘The Marine Conservation Zone Project: Ecological Network Guidance’ (Natural England and the JNCC, 2010).

2.2.1 Broadscale habitats proposed for designation

Six broadscale habitats were included in the recommendations for designation of this site (Table 1). See Annex 1 for full list of broadscale habitat features listed in the ENG.

Table 1. Broadscale habitats for which Land’s End rMCZ was proposed for designation.

EUNIS code & Broadscale Habitat Spatial extent according to the SAD

A3.1 High energy infralittoral rock 3.36 km2

A3.2 Moderate energy infralittoral rock 0.27 km2

A4.1 High energy circalittoral rock 0.09 km2

A4.2 Moderate energy circalittoral rock 1.74 km2

A5.1 Subtidal coarse sediment 1.92 km2

A5.2 Subtidal sand 11.09 km2


2.2.2 Habitat FOCI proposed for designation

Annex 2 presents the habitat FOCI listed in the ENG. The habitat FOCI ‘Subtidal Sands and Gravels’ was included in the recommendations for designation (Table 2).

Table 2. Habitat FOCI for which Land’s End rMCZ was proposed for designation.

Habitat FOCI Spatial extent according to SAD

Subtidal Sands and Gravels 9.52 km2

2.2.3 Species FOCI proposed for designation

Two ‘Low or limited mobility’ species FOCI were included in the recommendations for designation of this rMCZ, and no ‘Highly mobile’ species FOCI (Table 3). The full list of species FOCI is presented in Annexes 3 and 4.

Table 3. Species FOCI for which Land’s End rMCZ was proposed for designation.

Species FOCI Spatial extent according to SAD

Low or limited mobility species FOCI

Pink Sea-Fan (Eunicella verrucosa) 2 records

Sea Snail (Paludinella littorina) 1 record

Highly mobile species FOCI

Not recorded N/A

2.3 Rationale for prioritising this rMCZ for additional evidence collection

Prioritisation of rMCZs for further evidence collection was informed by a gap analysis and evidence assessment. The prime objective was to elevate the confidence status for as many rMCZs as feasible to support designation in terms of the amount and quality of evidence for the presence and extent of broadscale habitat features and habitat FOCI and, where possible, species FOCI. The confidence status was originally assessed in the SADs according to Technical Protocol E (Natural England and the JNCC, 2012).

The confidence score for the presence and extent of broadscale habitats and habitat FOCI reported in the SAD for the Land’s End rMCZ was Low/Moderate (Lieberknecht et al., 2011; JNCC and Natural England, 2012). This site was therefore prioritised for additional evidence collection.

2.4 Survey aims and objectives

Primary Objectives

Using existing acoustic data and to collect groundtruthing data to allow the production of an updated habitat map which could be used to inform the presence of broadscale habitats and habitat FOCI, and allow estimates to be made of their spatial extent within the rMCZ.


Secondary Objectives

To provide evidence, where possible, of the presence of species FOCI listed within the ENG (Annexes 3 and 4) within the rMCZ.

To report evidence of human activity occurring within the rMCZ found during the course of the survey.

It should be emphasised that surveys were not primarily designed to address the secondary objectives under the current programme of work.

Whilst the newly collected data will be utilised for the purposes of reporting against the primary objectives of the current programme of work (given above), it is recognised that these data will be valuable for informing the assessment and monitoring of condition of given habitat features in the future.


3 Methods

3.1 Acoustic data acquisition

Existing multibeam bathymetry data were used to assist in the interpretation of seabed habitats. The inshore 1 km zone bathymetry and backscatter data were collected in 2008 through the Southwest Regional Coastal Monitoring Programme. Further offshore, acoustic data collected in 2008 as part of the Maritime and Coastguard Agency’s (MCA) UK Civil Hydrography Programme (CHP) were available (CHP, 2008). The bathymetric data were collected and processed in accordance with the International Hydrographic Organisation (IHO) Standards for Hydrographic Surveys - Order 1 (Special Publication 44, Edition 4) (IHO, 2008). The bathymetry data are archived by the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office (UKHO) and provided as fully processed and cleaned data; the inshore dataset gridded at 1 m resolution, and the offshore data gridded at 10 m resolution. Both datasets were available in Ordnance Datum. A fully compensated and corrected backscatter mosaic, exported as Floating Point Geotiff format, was also available for further analysis (see Appendix 2 for images derived from acoustic data).

No further bathymetric surveys have been conducted specifically to provide coverage of the central section of the rMCZ through the MPA Evidence Gathering programme.

3.2 Ground truth sample acquisition

Sediment samples were collected in March 2014 by the EA MMS, aboard the Severn Guardian (CruiseID: 2FGL50314; Godsell, 2014), from 16 stations which were positioned within the sedimentary habitats using a triangular lattice grid overlaid on the SAD habitat map. Benthic grabs were used at all stations to collect sediments and infauna. In March 2012 an underwater camera system was deployed at 45 stations by the EA, aboard the Water Guardian (CruiseID: wgdn0112; Godsell, 2014) to collect video and still images of the seabed. (Figure 2; Appendix 1). Video samples were successfully collected at 41 of those sites and stills successfully collected at 44 sites.

Sampling equipment comprised a 0.1 m2 mini-Hamon grab deployed from the stern gantry of the Severn Guardian to collect sediment from the seabed, as described by Ware and Kenny (2011). Sampling positions were recorded (fixed) using Hydropro data acquisition software when the gear made contact with the seabed, with the midpoint of the vessel’s stern gantry being used as the default offset for position fixing. Once recovered, the sample was emptied into a suitable container, photographed, and the sample volume measured. A sub-sample (approx. 500 ml) of sediment was removed for particle size analysis (PSA). The remaining sample was washed over a 1 mm mesh sieve to retain the faunal fraction, photographed and preserved in buffered 8% formaldehyde solution for transfer ashore for analysis.

A drop-down video camera system was used to acquire video and photographic stills of the seabed, in March 2012 from the Water Guardian survey vessel, following the MESH ‘Recommended Operating Guidelines (ROG) for underwater video and photographic imaging techniques’ (Coggan et al., 2007). The camera was secured in a drop-down frame along with two high intensity LED strip lights and deployed


over the stern of the Water Guardian. Sampling positions were recorded (fixed) using Hydropro data acquisition software when the gear made contact with the seabed. The mid-point of the vessel’s stern gantry was used as the default offset for position fixing. Video footage was recorded on a Sony GV-HD700 in DV tape format and a secondary backup media device. Images of the seabed were captured every 10-15 m, or more frequently in heterogeneous areas of BSH and if particular habitat/species FOCI were observed.

Video and still images were analysed following an established protocol developed and used by Cefas (Coggan and Howell, 2005; JNCC, in prep.; see Annex 5).

For further detail on ground truth sample collection see the ‘Land’s End rMCZ Survey Report’ (Godsell et al., 2013) and the ‘Land’s End rMCZ 2014 Survey Report’ (Godsell, 2014).

Figure 2. Location of ground truth sampling sites in the Land’s End rMCZ. Bathymetry is from the Southwest Regional Coastal Monitoring Programme (2008) and the Maritime and Coastguard Agency’s Civil Hydrography Programme (2008).

3.3 Production of the updated habitat map

All new maps and their derivatives have been projected to WGS84 datum. An indicative BSH map for the site was produced by analysing and interpreting the available acoustic data collected through the Southwest Regional Coastal Monitoring Programme, the Maritime and Coastguard Agency Civil Hydrography Programme, and the additional groundtruthing data collected by two dedicated EA surveys of this site.


IVS Fledermaus v7.3 was used to load the bathymetry data and export the ASCII-format files as a single layer for subsequent use in ArcGIS v10. The Spatial Analyst toolbox within ArcGIS enables slope, aspect and hillshade layers to be derived, as detailed in Table 4. Areas with different acoustic signatures and characteristics were identified visually and digitised, and information from the PSA and groundtruthing data was used to assign substrate descriptions and sediment types. A BSH map of the rMCZ area has been created through expert visual interpretation of the processed bathymetry, backscatter and groundtruthing data and their derivatives. Data and information from a range of sources were collectively assessed against national indicative criteria to determine the typical hydrodynamic energy conditions within the study area. For example, the tidal current velocities measured over the shallow rocky reef area are higher relative to the rock outcrops in deeper water areas. Due to the water depths over the reef area, the reef area has been classified as high energy infralittoral rock; no groundtruthing was obtained or targeted on the shallow rocky reef area.

Table 4. Description of derivatives calculated for bathymetry data.

Derivative Description

Slope The slope (gradient in degrees) for each cell of the bathymetry grid using the maximum change in elevation of each cell and its 8 neighbours (Burrough and McDonnell, 1998).

Aspect Identifies the downslope direction of the maximum rate of change in value from each cell and its 8 neighbours. Can be thought of as the slope direction. Measured in clockwise degrees from 0 (due north). Flat areas with no downslope are given a value of -1 (Burrough and McDonnell, 1998).

Hillshade Creates a shaded relief from a bathymetry surface by considering the illumination source angle and shadows. Creating a hillshade layer greatly enhances the visualisation of bathymetry (depth) data (Burrough and McDonnell, 1998).

3.4 Quality of the updated map

The technical quality of the updated habitat map was assessed using the MESH Confidence Assessment Tool2, originally developed by an international consortium of marine scientists working on the MESH (Mapping European Seabed Habitats) project. This tool considers the provenance of the data used to make a biotope/habitat map, including the techniques and technology used to characterise the physical and biological environment and the expertise of the people who had made the map. In its original implementation, it was used to make an auditable judgement of the confidence that could be placed in a range of existing, local biotope maps that had been developed using different techniques and data inputs, but were to be used in compiling a full coverage map for northwest Europe. Where two of the original maps overlapped, that with the highest MESH confidence score would take precedence in the compiled map.

Subsequent to the MESH project, the confidence assessment tool has been applied to provide a benchmark score that reflects the technical quality of newly developed habitat/biotope maps. Both physical and biological survey data are required to achieve the top mark of 100 but, as the current rMCZ exercise requires the mapping of broadscale physical habitats not biotopes, it excludes the need for biological data.

2 http://www.emodnet-seabedhabitats.eu/confidence/confidenceAssessment.html [Accessed 10/12/2014]

http://www.emodnet-seabedhabitats.eu/confidence/confidenceAssessment.html


In the absence of biological data, the maximum score attainable for a purely physical map is 88.

In applying the tool to the current work, none of the weighting options were altered; that is, the tool was applied in its standard form, as downloaded from the internet.


4 Results

The list of benthic taxa found in the grab and video samples is presented in Appendix 4; a total of 73 taxa were collected using sediment grabs, and 37 taxa were recorded from the video samples.

A summary of the particle size analysis of the grab samples is given in Appendix 5. Of the 16 stations where a sample was obtained, subtidal coarse sediment was recorded at two stations and subtidal sand at 14 stations.

4.1 Site Assessment Document habitat map

The SAD habitat map (Figure 3) was produced using modelled data from the UKSeaMap (McBreen, 2010). For further detail see Lieberknecht et al. (2011).

Figure 3. Habitat map from the Site Assessment Document.

4.2 Updated habitat map

The updated habitat map resulting from an integrated analysis of the dedicated groundtruthing survey data and existing acoustic data is presented in Figure 4.


Figure 4. Updated map of broadscale habitats.


4.3 Quality of the updated habitat map

The acoustic data from the inshore coastal areas, commissioned by the Southwest Regional Coastal Monitoring Programme (2008), and the offshore area, surveyed by the MCA (2008) were collected and processed in accordance with the International Hydrographic Organisation (IHO) Standards for Hydrographic Surveys - Order 1 (Special Publication 44, Edition 4). The updated habitat map of the inshore area achieved a confidence score of 87, whilst the offshore area achieved a score of 84 from the MESH Confidence Assessment Tool (Figure 5). These scores are out of a possible total of 88 (attainable using only datasets of physical attributes) and are considered good, reflecting the quality of the high resolution bathymetry and backscatter data, the groundtruthing data on the physical environment, and manual expert interpretation techniques.

Figure 5. Overall MESH confidence score for the updated broadscale habitat map.

4.4 Broadscale habitats identified

Several BSHs have been identified in the nearshore sector of the site, namely ‘A3.1 High energy infralittoral rock’, ‘A5.1 Subtidal coarse sediment’, and ‘A5.2 Subtidal sand’ (Figure 4; Table 5). The reef area, offshore of the southernmost headland, is dominated by BSH ‘A3.1 High energy infralittoral rock’, the western flanks of the reef are BSH ‘A5.1 Subtidal coarse sediment’, whilst to the east of the reef it is BSH ‘A5.2 Subtidal sand’ that predominates. The BSH ’A4.2 Moderate energy circalittoral rock’ dominates further offshore and the southern margin of the reef area. The BSHs ‘A5.2 Subtidal sand’ and ‘A5.1 Subtidal coarse sediment’ each occupy approximately


a quarter of the total area previously surveyed through the Southwest Regional Coastal Monitoring Programme and the MCA. The latter being most prominent in the deeper and offshore parts of the rMCZ, whilst BSH ‘A5.2 Subtidal sand’ is found in the shallower regions of the survey area in the west.

Table 5. Broadscale habitats identified in Land’s End rMCZ.

Broadscale Habitat Type (EUNIS Level 3)

Spatial extent according to the SAD

Spatial extent according to the updated habitat map*

A3.1 High energy infralittoral rock 3.36 km2 2.38 km2

A4.2 Moderate energy circalittoral rock 1.74 km2 4.21 km2

A5.1 Subtidal coarse sediment 1.92 km2 3.78 km2

A5.2 Subtidal sand 11.09 km2 2.91 km2

* These values are calculated from the 13.28 km2 covered by the pre-existing acoustic data. The total area of the Land’s End rMCZ reported in the SAD is 18.6 km2.

4.5 Habitat FOCI identified

The SAD estimates that approximately half of the rMCZ is covered by the habitat FOCI ‘Subtidal Sands and Gravels’. Based on the data available within the rMCZ, the updated habitat map (Figure 6) indicates broad agreement, with an extent of 6.69 km2 (Table 6), approximately half of the total area covered by the available data.

Figure 6. Habitat FOCI identified.


Table 6. Habitat FOCI identified in Land’s End rMCZ.

*These values are calculated from the 13.28 km2 covered by the pre-existing acoustic data. The total area of the Land’s End rMCZ reported in the SAD is 18.6 km2.

4.6 Species FOCI identified

The species FOCI ‘Pink Sea-Fan (Eunicella verrucosa)’ was recorded at three locations in eight different still images and overlapping video samples collected during the 2012 video/stills EA survey of this site (Table 7; Figure 7). All of these sites occurred on areas of circalittoral rock. The species FOCI ‘Sea Snail (Paludinella littorina)’, reported in the SAD, was not identified in either the 2012 video/stills survey of the 2014 sediment sampling groundtruthing survey. No other species FOCI were found. The list of species identified from grab and video samples collected by the 2012 groundtruthing survey is presented in Appendix 4.

Figure 7. Distribution of stations where species FOCI ‘Pink Sea-Fan (Eunicella verrucosa)’ was recorded.

Habitat FOCI Spatial extent according to

the SAD Spatial extent according to the updated habitat map*

Subtidal Sands and Gravels 9.52 km2 6.69 km2


Table 7. Species FOCI identified in Land’s End rMCZ.

Species FOCI Previously recorded

within rMCZ Identified during evidence

gathering survey

Low or Limited Mobility Species FOCI

Pink Sea-Fan (Eunicella verrucosa) 2 records 8 records

Sea Snail (Paludinella littorina) 1 record None recorded

Highly Mobile Species FOCI

None recorded N/A N/A

4.7 Quality Assurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC)

4.7.1 Acoustic data

The acoustic data utilised for production of the updated habitat map comprised inshore coastal data, commissioned by the Southwest Regional Coastal Monitoring Programme (2008), and offshore data, surveyed by the MCA (2008). The bathymetric data were collected and processed in accordance with the International Hydrographic Organisation (IHO) Standards for Hydrographic Surveys - Order 1 for (Special Publication 44, Edition 4). The stringent and comprehensive quality control measures required to achieve this standard are compulsory and therefore rigorously adhered to by the MCA, the UKHO and the Regional Coastal Monitoring Programmes. However, with no dedicated acoustic survey for this site there is a large section of the rMCZ with no acoustic data.

4.7.2 Particle Size Analysis of sediments

PSA was carried out by the National Laboratory Service following standard laboratory practice and the results checked by specialist Cefas staff following the recommendations of the National Marine Biological Analytical Quality Control (NMBAQC) scheme (Mason, 2011). Results of the PSA are shown in Appendix 5.

4.7.3 Infaunal samples from grabs

Infaunal samples were processed by Hebog Environmental Ltd following standard laboratory practices and results checked following the recommendations of the National Marine Biological Analytical Quality Control (NMBAQC) scheme (Worsfold et al., 2010).

4.7.4 Video and still images analysis

Video and photographic stills were processed by Marine Ecological Services Ltd in accordance with the guidance documents developed by Cefas and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) for the acquisition and processing of video and stills data (Coggan and Howell, 2005; JNCC, in prep.; summarised in Annex 5).

4.8 Data limitations and adequacy of the updated habitat map

The quality of the derived habitat map is assessed to be High (MESH assessment tool). A source of potential misclassification of habitats arises from the location of groundtruthing samples in relation to habitat types. Broadscale habitats have been classified as a result of manual digitisation and expert interpretation of the acoustic


signatures of the bathymetry and backscatter datasets. Qualitative analysis of the grab, stills and video data have identified that a single habitat FOCI and two species FOCI were observed during the targeted evidence gathering groundtruthing survey.

The BSHs indicated in the SAD were largely based on modelled data. The existing acoustic and dedicated groundtruthing surveys have provided substantial, robust evidence for the presence of the mapped habitats within the boundaries of the two existing acoustic surveys. The higher resolution data and manual interpretation of the more recently gathered datasets has resulted in more detailed mapping of the BSHs. Due to the fact there was not a dedicated survey to provide 100% acoustic coverage of the entire rMCZ there is a gap between the two existing datasets where no BSH can be defined.

However, as it is impractical (and undesirable) to sample the entire area of the site with grabs and video, there is a chance that a BSH or FOCI may exist within the site but has not been recorded, especially if it was limited in extent. The precise location of the boundaries between the broadscale habitats depicted on the map should be regarded as indicative, not definitive. In nature, such boundaries are rarely abrupt. Rather, it is typical for one BSH to grade into another across a transitional boundary. In contrast, the mapped boundaries are abrupt and have been placed using best professional judgment. These factors may have implications when attempting to accurately quantify the extent of the mapped habitats or habitat FOCI.

4.8.1 Presence of Species FOCI

The species FOCI ‘Pink Sea-Fan (Eunicella verrucosa)’ was recorded at three stations within this site. However, the species FOCI ‘Sea Snail (Paludinella littorina)’ was not identified in any of the groundtruthing surveys. Invertebrates, such as the sea snail, are generally small in size and present in crevices, under rock so may not readily be observed or recorded at the scale of the sampling undertaken for this site.

4.9 Observations of human impacts on the seabed

The acoustic bathymetry and groundtruthing data provide no evidence of anthropogenic features or wrecks present with the boundaries of the rMCZ (Appendix 3).


5 Conclusion

The combination of groundtruthing data collected through the MPA Evidence Gathering Programme and the two existing acoustic surveys collected through other programmes, have provided substantial, robust evidence for the presence of the mapped habitats where data are available. However, there was not a dedicated survey to provide 100% acoustic coverage of the entire rMCZ and therefore there is a gap between the two existing datasets where no BSHs can be defined.

5.1 Presence and extent of broadscale habitats

5.1.1 Presence

The combination of the Southwest Regional Coastal Monitoring Programme and the Maritime and Coastguard Agency acoustic surveys completed in 2008, and the dedicated groundtruthing surveys completed by the EA in 2012 and 2014 have confirmed the presence of the ‘A3.1 High energy infralittoral rock’, ‘A4.2 Moderate energy circalittoral rock’, ‘A5.1 Subtidal coarse sediment’ and ‘A5.2 Subtidal sand’ broadscale habitats that were included in the recommendations made by the SAD for designating this site as an MCZ.

These surveys did not confirm the presence of the ‘A3.2 Moderate energy infralittoral rock’ or ‘A4.1 High energy circalittoral rock’ broadscale habitats that were included in the recommendations made by the SAD for designating this site as an MCZ.

5.1.2 Extent

The spatial extent of the ‘A3.1 High energy infralittoral rock’ BSH on the updated habitat map is 2.38 km2. This is 0.98 km2 less than its spatial extent in the SAD habitat map.

The spatial extent of the ‘A4.2 Moderate energy circalittoral rock’ BSH on the updated habitat map is 4.21 km2. This is 2.47 km2 more than its spatial extent in the SAD habitat map.

The spatial extent of the ‘A5.1 Subtidal coarse sediment’ BSH on the updated habitat map is 3.78 km2. This is 1.86 km2 more than its spatial extent in the SAD habitat map.

The spatial extent of the ‘A5.2 Subtidal sand’ BSH on the updated habitat map is 2.91 km2. This is 8.18 km2 less than its spatial extent in the SAD habitat map.

The extent values reported here are based on the 13.28 km2 covered by the available acoustic data, not on the 18.6 km2 covered by the Land’s End rMCZ.


5.2 Presence and extent of habitat FOCI

5.2.1 Presence

The available survey data confirmed the presence of the habitat FOCI ‘Subtidal Sands and Gravels’ that was included in the recommendations made by the SAD for designating this site as an MCZ.

5.2.2 Extent and distribution

The spatial extent of the habitat FOCI ‘Subtidal Sands and Gravels’ on the updated habitat map is 6.69 km2. This is 2.83 km2 less than its spatial extent in the SAD habitat map.

5.3 Presence and distribution of species FOCI

5.3.1 Low or limited mobility species

The species FOCI ‘Pink Sea-Fan (Eunicella verrucosa)’ was recorded at three locations in eight different still images and overlapping video samples collected during the dedicated March 2012 survey.

5.3.2 Highly mobile species FOCI

No highly mobile species FOCI were recorded at this site by the 2012 or 2014 dedicated surveys. This observation is consistent with the evidence presented in the SAD.

5.4 Evidence of human activities impacting the seabed

The acoustic bathymetry and groundtruthing data provide no evidence of anthropogenic features or wrecks present with the boundaries of the rMCZ.


References

Burrough, P.A. and McDonnell, R.A. (1998). Principles of Geographical Information Systems, Oxford University Press, New York. 190 pp.

Civil Hydrographic Programme (2008). 2006-2009 Medium Depth Civil Hydrographic Programme, HI1059 Western Approaches to English Channel Report of Survey.

Coggan, R., Mitchell, A., White, J. and Golding, N. (2007). Recommended operating guidelines (ROG) for underwater video and photographic imaging techniques. http://www.emodnet-seabedhabitats.eu/PDF/GMHM3_video_ROG.pdf [Accessed 10/12/2014]

Coggan, R. and Howell, K. (2005). Draft SOP for the collection and analysis of video and still images for groundtruthing an acoustic basemap. Video survey SOP version 5, 10 pp.

Godsell, N. (2014). Land’s End rMCZ 2014 Survey Report. Environment Agency. Project Code: C5784A.

Godsell, N., Meakins, B., Fraser, M. and Jones, N. (2013). Land’s End rMCZ Survey Report. Environment Agency. Project Code: C5784A.

IHO (2008). IHO Standards for Hydrographic Surveys, 5th Edition, February 2008, Special Publication No 44

JNCC (in prep.). Video/Stills Camera Standard Operating Procedure for Survey and Analysis: for groundtruthing and classifying an acoustic basemap, and development of new biotopes within the UK Marine Habitat Classification. JNCC Video and Stills Processing SOP v2. 6 pp.

JNCC and Natural England (2012). Marine Conservation Zone Project: JNCC and Natural England's advice to Defra on recommended Marine Conservation Zones. Peterborough and Sheffield. 1455 pp.

Lieberknecht, L.M., Hooper, T.E.J., Mullier, T.M., Murphy, A., Neilly, M., Carr, H., Haines, R., Lewin, S. and Hughes, E. (2011). Finding Sanctuary final report and recommendations. A report submitted by the Finding Sanctuary stakeholder project to Defra, the Joint Nature Conservation Committee, and Natural England. Available at http://findingsanctuary.marinemapping.com/ [Accessed 16/05/2014]

Mason, C. (2011). NMBAQC’s Best Practice Guidance Particle Size Analysis (PSA) for Supporting Biological Analysis.

McBreen, F. (2010). UKSeaMap 2010 EUNIS model Version 3.0. UKSeaMap 2010: Predictive seabed habitat map (v5). JNCC.

Natural England and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (2010). The Marine Conservation Zone Project: Ecological Network Guidance. Sheffield and Peterborough, UK.

http://findingsanctuary.marinemapping.com/


Natural England and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (2012). SNCB MCZ Advice Project-Assessing the scientific confidence in the presence and extent of features in recommended Marine Conservation Zones (Technical Protocol E)

Ware, S.J. and Kenny, A.J. (2011). Guidelines for the Conduct of Benthic Studies at Marine Aggregate Extraction Sites (2nd Edition). Marine Aggregate Levy Sustainability Fund. 80 pp.

Worsfold, T.M., Hall, D.J. and O’Reilly, M. (2010). Guidelines for processing marine macrobenthic invertebrate samples: a processing requirements protocol version 1 (June 2010). Unicomarine Report NMBAQCMbPRP to the NMBAQC Committee. 33 pp. http://www.nmbaqcs.org/media/9732/nmbaqc%20-%20inv%20-%20prp%20-%20v1.0%20june2010.pdf [Accessed 12/12/2014]

http://www.nmbaqcs.org/media/9732/nmbaqc%20-%20inv%20-%20prp%20-%20v1.0%20june2010.pdf

http://www.nmbaqcs.org/media/9732/nmbaqc%20-%20inv%20-%20prp%20-%20v1.0%20june2010.pdf


Data sources

All enquiries in relation to this report should be addressed to the following e-mail address: [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]


Annexes

Annex 1. Broadscale habitat features listed in the ENG.

Broadscale Habitat Type EUNIS Level 3 Code

High energy intertidal rock A1.1

Moderate energy intertidal rock A1.2

Low energy intertidal rock A1.3

Intertidal coarse sediment A2.1

Intertidal sand and muddy sand A2.2

Intertidal mud A2.3

Intertidal mixed sediments A2.4

Coastal saltmarshes and saline reed beds A2.5

Intertidal sediments dominated by aquatic angiosperms A2.6

Intertidal biogenic reefs A2.7

High energy infralittoral rock* A3.1

Moderate energy infralittoral rock* A3.2

Low energy infralittoral rock* A3.3

High energy circalittoral rock** A4.1

Moderate energy circalittoral rock** A4.2

Low energy circalittoral rock** A4.3

Subtidal coarse sediment A5.1

Subtidal sand A5.2

Subtidal mud A5.3

Subtidal mixed sediments A5.4

Subtidal macrophyte-dominated sediment A5.5

Subtidal biogenic reefs A5.6

Deep-sea bed*** A6

* Infralittoral rock includes habitats of bedrock, boulders and cobble which occur in the shallow subtidal zone and typically support seaweed communities ** Circalittoral rock is characterised by animal dominated communities, rather than seaweed dominated communities *** The deep-sea bed broadscale habitat encompasses several different habitat sub-types, all of which should be protected within the MPA network. The broadscale habitat deep-sea bed habitat is found only in the south-west of the MCZ project area and MCZs identified for this broadscale habitat should seek to protect the variety of sub-types known to occur in the region.


Annex 2. Habitat FOCI listed in the ENG.

Habitat Features of Conservation Importance (FOCI)

Blue Mussel Beds (including Intertidal Beds on Mixed and Sandy Sediments)**

Cold-Water Coral Reefs ***

Coral Gardens***

Deep-Sea Sponge Aggregations***

Estuarine Rocky Habitats

File Shell Beds***

Fragile Sponge and Anthozoan Communities on Subtidal Rocky Habitats

Intertidal Underboulder Communities

Littoral Chalk Communities

Maerl Beds

Horse Mussel (Modiolus modiolus) Beds

Mud Habitats in Deep Water

Sea-Pen and Burrowing Megafauna Communities

Native Oyster (Ostrea edulis) Beds

Peat and Clay Exposures

Honeycomb Worm (Sabellaria alveolata) Reefs

Ross Worm (Sabellaria spinulosa) Reefs

Seagrass Beds

Sheltered Muddy Gravels

Subtidal Chalk

Subtidal Sands and Gravels

Tide-Swept Channels

* Habitat FOCI have been identified from the ‘OSPAR List of Threatened and/or Declining Species and Habitats’ and the ‘UK List of Priority Species and Habitats (UK BAP)’. ** Only includes ‘natural’ beds on a variety of sediment types. Excludes artificially created mussel beds and those which occur on rocks and boulders. *** Cold-Water Coral Reefs, Coral Gardens, Deep-Sea Sponge Aggregations and File Shell Beds currently do not have distributional data which demonstrate their presence within the MCZ project area.


Annex 3. Low or limited mobility species FOCI listed in the ENG.

Group Scientific name Common Name

Brown Algae Padina pavonica Peacock’s Tail

Red Algae Cruoria cruoriaeformis

Grateloupia montagnei

Lithothamnion corallioides

Phymatolithon calcareum

Burgundy Maerl Paint Weed

Grateloup’s Little-Lobed Weed

Coral Maerl

Common Maerl

Annelida Alkmaria romijni**

Armandia cirrhosa**

Tentacled Lagoon-Worm**

Lagoon Sandworm**

Teleostei Gobius cobitis

Gobius couchi

Hippocampus guttulatus

Hippocampus hippocampus

Giant Goby

Couch’s Goby

Long Snouted Seahorse

Short Snouted Seahorse

Bryozoa Victorella pavida Trembling Sea Mat

Cnidaria Amphianthus dohrnii

Eunicella verrucosa

Haliclystus auricula

Leptopsammia pruvoti

Lucernariopsis campanulata

Lucernariopsis cruxmelitensis

Nematostella vectensis

Sea-Fan Anemone

Pink Sea-Fan

Stalked Jellyfish

Sunset Cup Coral

Stalked Jellyfish

Stalked Jellyfish

Starlet Sea Anemone

Crustacea Gammarus insensibilis**

Gitanopsis bispinosa

Pollicipes pollicipes

Palinurus elephas

Lagoon Sand Shrimp**

Amphipod Shrimp

Gooseneck Barnacle

Spiny Lobster

Mollusca Arctica islandica

Atrina pectinata

Caecum armoricum**

Ostrea edulis

Paludinella littorina

Tenellia adspersa**

Ocean Quahog

Fan Mussel

Defolin’s Lagoon Snail**

Native Oyster

Sea Snail

Lagoon Sea Slug**

* Species FOCI have been identified from the ‘OSPAR List of Threatened and/or Declining Species and Habitats’, the ‘UK List of Priority Species and Habitats (UK BAP)’ and Schedule 5 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act. ** Those lagoonal species FOCI may be afforded sufficient protection through coastal lagoons designated as SACs under the EC Habitats Directive. However, this needs to be assessed by individual regional projects.


Annex 4. Highly mobile species FOCI listed in the ENG.

Group Scientific name Common Name

Teleostei Osmerus eperlanus

Anguilla anguilla

Smelt

European Eel

Elasmobranchii Raja undulata Undulate Ray

* Species FOCI have been identified from the ‘OSPAR List of Threatened and/or Declining Species and Habitats’, the ‘UK List of Priority Species and Habitats (UK BAP)’ and Schedule 5 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act.


Annex 5. Video and stills processing protocol.

The purpose of the analysis of the video and still images is to identify which habitats exist in a video record, provide semi-quantitative data on their physical and biological characteristics and to note where one habitat changes to another. A minimum of 10% of the videos should be re-analysed for QA purposes.

Video Analysis

The video record is initially viewed rapidly (at approximately 4x normal speed) in order to segment it into sections representing different habitats. The start and end points of each segment are logged, and each segment subsequently subject to more detailed analysis. Brief changes in habitat type lasting less than one minute of the video record are considered as incidental patches and are not logged.

For each segment, note the start and end time and position from the information on the video overlay. View the segment at normal or slower than normal speed, noting the physical and biological characteristics, such as substrate type, seabed character, species and life forms present. For each taxon record an actual abundance (where feasible) or a semi quantitative abundance (e.g. SACFOR scale).

Record the analyses on the video pro-forma provided (paper and/or electronic), which is a modified version of the Sublittoral Habitat Recording Form used in the Marine Nature Conservation Review (MNCR) surveys.

When each segment has been analysed, review the information recorded and assign the segment to one of the broadscale habitat (BSH) types or habitat FOCI listed in the Ecological Network Guidance (as reproduced in Annexes 1 and 2 above). Note also any species FOCI observed (as per Annex 3 above).

Stills analysis

Still images should be analysed separately, to supplement and validate the video analysis, and provide more detailed (i.e. higher resolution) information than can be extracted from a moving video image.

For each segment of video, select three still images that are representative of the BSH or FOCI to which the video segment has been assigned. For each image, note the time and position it was taken, using information from the associated video overlay.

View the image at normal or greater than normal magnification, noting the physical and biological characteristics, such as substrate type, seabed character, species and life forms present. For each taxon record an actual abundance (where feasible) or a semi quantitative abundance (e.g. SACFOR scale).

Record the analysis on the stills pro-forma provided (paper and/or electronic), which is a modified version of the Sublittoral Habitat Recording Form used in the MNCR surveys. Assign each still image to the same BSH or habitat FOCI as its ‘parent’ segment in the video.


Taxon identification

In all analyses, the identification of taxa should be limited to a level that can be confidently achieved from the available image. Hence, taxon identity could range from the ‘life form’ level (e.g. sponge, hydroid, anemone) to the species level (e.g. Asterias rubens, Alcyonium digitatum). Avoid the temptation to guess the species identity if it cannot be determined positively from the image. For example, Spirobranchus sp. would be acceptable, but Spirobranchus triqueter would not, as the specific identification normally requires the specimen to be inspected under a microscope.


Appendices

Appendix 1. Survey metadata (wgnd0112 & 2FGL50314) Date Cruise Stn No. Stn Code Gear Latitude Longitude

Stills

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 1 MCZ_Lend01 DC 50.03046 -5.72448

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 1 MCZ_Lend01 DC 50.03060 -5.72473

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 1 MCZ_Lend01 DC 50.03088 -5.72521

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 1 MCZ_Lend01 DC 50.03106 -5.72551

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 1 MCZ_Lend01 DC 50.03119 -5.72574

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 1 MCZ_Lend01 DC 50.03132 -5.72600

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 1 MCZ_Lend01 DC 50.03150 -5.72633

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 1 MCZ_Lend01 DC 50.03168 -5.72663

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 1 MCZ_Lend01 DC 50.03186 -5.72694

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 1 MCZ_Lend01 DC 50.03201 -5.72719

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 2 MCZ_Lend02 DC 50.02676 -5.72061

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 2 MCZ_Lend02 DC 50.02750 -5.72212

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 2 MCZ_Lend02 DC 50.02785 -5.72288

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 2 MCZ_Lend02 DC 50.02787 -5.72293

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 2 MCZ_Lend02 DC 50.02826 -5.72360

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 3 MCZ_Lend03 DC 50.02972 -5.71556

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 3 MCZ_Lend03 DC 50.02987 -5.71587

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 3 MCZ_Lend03 DC 50.03022 -5.71653

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 3 MCZ_Lend03 DC 50.03040 -5.71685

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 3 MCZ_Lend03 DC 50.03058 -5.71721

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 3 MCZ_Lend03 DC 50.03073 -5.71754

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 3 MCZ_Lend03 DC 50.03100 -5.71813

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 3 MCZ_Lend03 DC 50.03112 -5.71840

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 3 MCZ_Lend03 DC 50.03130 -5.71879

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 3 MCZ_Lend03 DC 50.03145 -5.71912

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 3 MCZ_Lend03 DC 50.03159 -5.71942

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 4 MCZ_Lend04 DC 50.02594 -5.71301

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 4 MCZ_Lend04 DC 50.02641 -5.71398

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 4 MCZ_Lend04 DC 50.02668 -5.71456

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 4 MCZ_Lend04 DC 50.02680 -5.71483

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 4 MCZ_Lend04 DC 50.02693 -5.71514

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 4 MCZ_Lend04 DC 50.02707 -5.71545

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 4 MCZ_Lend04 DC 50.02718 -5.71569

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 4 MCZ_Lend04 DC 50.02733 -5.71600

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 4 MCZ_Lend04 DC 50.02752 -5.71632

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 4 MCZ_Lend04 DC 50.02766 -5.71666

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 5 MCZ_Lend05 DC 50.02935 -5.71089

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 5 MCZ_Lend05 DC 50.02949 -5.71119

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 5 MCZ_Lend05 DC 50.02964 -5.71150

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 5 MCZ_Lend05 DC 50.02981 -5.71186

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 5 MCZ_Lend05 DC 50.03008 -5.71241

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 5 MCZ_Lend05 DC 50.03021 -5.71267

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 5 MCZ_Lend05 DC 50.03044 -5.71312

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 5 MCZ_Lend05 DC 50.03057 -5.71337


Date Cruise Stn No. Stn Code Gear Latitude Longitude

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 5 MCZ_Lend05 DC 50.03072 -5.71363

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 5 MCZ_Lend05 DC 50.03088 -5.71392

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 5 MCZ_Lend05 DC 50.03101 -5.71416

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 6 MCZ_Lend06 DC 50.02210 -5.70845

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 6 MCZ_Lend06 DC 50.02220 -5.70884

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 6 MCZ_Lend06 DC 50.02225 -5.70904

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 6 MCZ_Lend06 DC 50.02232 -5.70927

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 6 MCZ_Lend06 DC 50.02242 -5.70956

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 6 MCZ_Lend06 DC 50.02255 -5.70994

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 6 MCZ_Lend06 DC 50.02267 -5.71026

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 6 MCZ_Lend06 DC 50.02281 -5.71058

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 6 MCZ_Lend06 DC 50.02296 -5.71094

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 6 MCZ_Lend06 DC 50.02304 -5.71115

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 6 MCZ_Lend06 DC 50.02315 -5.71140

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 7 MCZ_Lend07 DC 50.01884 -5.70691

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 7 MCZ_Lend07 DC 50.01894 -5.70732

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 7 MCZ_Lend07 DC 50.01926 -5.70841

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 7 MCZ_Lend07 DC 50.01959 -5.70964

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 7 MCZ_Lend07 DC 50.01987 -5.71059

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 8 MCZ_Lend08 DC 50.02575 -5.70372

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 8 MCZ_Lend08 DC 50.02588 -5.70404

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 8 MCZ_Lend08 DC 50.02596 -5.70425

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 8 MCZ_Lend08 DC 50.02622 -5.70487

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 8 MCZ_Lend08 DC 50.02633 -5.70511

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 8 MCZ_Lend08 DC 50.02643 -5.70532

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 8 MCZ_Lend08 DC 50.02666 -5.70583

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 8 MCZ_Lend08 DC 50.02676 -5.70603

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 8 MCZ_Lend08 DC 50.02687 -5.70627

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 8 MCZ_Lend08 DC 50.02699 -5.70649

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 8 MCZ_Lend08 DC 50.02710 -5.70669

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 9 MCZ_Lend09 DC 50.02907 -5.70080

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 9 MCZ_Lend09 DC 50.02916 -5.70108

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 9 MCZ_Lend09 DC 50.02925 -5.70128

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 9 MCZ_Lend09 DC 50.02931 -5.70151

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 9 MCZ_Lend09 DC 50.02951 -5.70201

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 9 MCZ_Lend09 DC 50.02964 -5.70228

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 9 MCZ_Lend09 DC 50.03004 -5.70315

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 9 MCZ_Lend09 DC 50.03014 -5.70342

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 9 MCZ_Lend09 DC 50.03027 -5.70372

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 9 MCZ_Lend09 DC 50.03040 -5.70399

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 9 MCZ_Lend09 DC 50.03050 -5.70425

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 10 MCZ_Lend10 DC 50.01330 -5.69794

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 10 MCZ_Lend10 DC 50.01340 -5.69827

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 10 MCZ_Lend10 DC 50.01347 -5.69846

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 10 MCZ_Lend10 DC 50.01353 -5.69867

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 10 MCZ_Lend10 DC 50.01364 -5.69897

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 10 MCZ_Lend10 DC 50.01368 -5.69918

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 10 MCZ_Lend10 DC 50.01413 -5.70038



21/03/2012 wgdn0112 10 MCZ_Lend10 DC 50.01424 -5.70069

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 10 MCZ_Lend10 DC 50.01436 -5.70102

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 11 MCZ_Lend11 DC 50.02072 -5.69866

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 11 MCZ_Lend11 DC 50.02150 -5.70209

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 11 MCZ_Lend11 DC 50.02166 -5.70263

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 11 MCZ_Lend11 DC 50.02209 -5.70401

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 11 MCZ_Lend11 DC 50.02222 -5.70436

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 11 MCZ_Lend11 DC 50.02242 -5.70494

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 11 MCZ_Lend11 DC 50.02262 -5.70556

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 11 MCZ_Lend11 DC 50.02269 -5.70575

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 11 MCZ_Lend11 DC 50.02277 -5.70598

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 11 MCZ_Lend11 DC 50.02292 -5.70641

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 12 MCZ_Lend12 DC 50.02549 -5.69720

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 12 MCZ_Lend12 DC 50.02560 -5.69758

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 12 MCZ_Lend12 DC 50.02576 -5.69806

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 12 MCZ_Lend12 DC 50.02589 -5.69842

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 12 MCZ_Lend12 DC 50.02602 -5.69880

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 12 MCZ_Lend12 DC 50.02612 -5.69908

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 12 MCZ_Lend12 DC 50.02622 -5.69937

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 12 MCZ_Lend12 DC 50.02633 -5.69973

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 12 MCZ_Lend12 DC 50.02641 -5.70001

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 12 MCZ_Lend12 DC 50.02652 -5.70035

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 12 MCZ_Lend12 DC 50.02660 -5.70060

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 12 MCZ_Lend12 DC 50.02667 -5.70080

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 13 MCZ_Lend13 DC 50.01928 -5.69883

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 13 MCZ_Lend13 DC 50.01936 -5.69917

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 13 MCZ_Lend13 DC 50.01945 -5.69949

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 13 MCZ_Lend13 DC 50.01950 -5.69966

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 13 MCZ_Lend13 DC 50.01980 -5.70066

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 13 MCZ_Lend13 DC 50.01994 -5.70112

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 14 MCZ_Lend14 DC 50.01457 -5.69449

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 14 MCZ_Lend14 DC 50.01477 -5.69528

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 14 MCZ_Lend14 DC 50.01488 -5.69562

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 14 MCZ_Lend14 DC 50.01519 -5.69673

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 15 MCZ_Lend15 DC 50.01896 -5.69045

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 15 MCZ_Lend15 DC 50.01913 -5.69128

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 15 MCZ_Lend15 DC 50.01937 -5.69244

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 15 MCZ_Lend15 DC 50.01942 -5.69279

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 15 MCZ_Lend15 DC 50.01954 -5.69345

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 15 MCZ_Lend15 DC 50.01960 -5.69376

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 15 MCZ_Lend15 DC 50.01967 -5.69408

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 15 MCZ_Lend15 DC 50.01975 -5.69439

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 16 MCZ_Lend16 DC 50.01107 -5.69052

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 16 MCZ_Lend16 DC 50.01117 -5.69082

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 16 MCZ_Lend16 DC 50.01126 -5.69109

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 16 MCZ_Lend16 DC 50.01134 -5.69137

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 16 MCZ_Lend16 DC 50.01148 -5.69184

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 16 MCZ_Lend16 DC 50.01154 -5.69213



21/03/2012 wgdn0112 16 MCZ_Lend16 DC 50.01163 -5.69237

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 16 MCZ_Lend16 DC 50.01169 -5.69256

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 17 MCZ_Lend17 DC 50.01551 -5.68682

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 17 MCZ_Lend17 DC 50.01577 -5.68819

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 17 MCZ_Lend17 DC 50.01584 -5.68877

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 17 MCZ_Lend17 DC 50.01598 -5.68981

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 17 MCZ_Lend17 DC 50.01607 -5.69039

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 17 MCZ_Lend17 DC 50.01616 -5.69089

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 17 MCZ_Lend17 DC 50.01623 -5.69134

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 18 MCZ_Lend18 DC 50.01907 -5.68495

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 18 MCZ_Lend18 DC 50.01912 -5.68527

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 18 MCZ_Lend18 DC 50.01915 -5.68561

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 18 MCZ_Lend18 DC 50.01920 -5.68590

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 18 MCZ_Lend18 DC 50.01929 -5.68638

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 18 MCZ_Lend18 DC 50.01934 -5.68668

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 18 MCZ_Lend18 DC 50.01940 -5.68698

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 18 MCZ_Lend18 DC 50.01946 -5.68729

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 18 MCZ_Lend18 DC 50.01954 -5.68770

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 18 MCZ_Lend18 DC 50.01962 -5.68798

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 18 MCZ_Lend18 DC 50.01967 -5.68830

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 19 MCZ_Lend19 DC 50.01167 -5.68497

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 19 MCZ_Lend19 DC 50.01175 -5.68529

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 19 MCZ_Lend19 DC 50.01182 -5.68556

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 19 MCZ_Lend19 DC 50.01197 -5.68613

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 19 MCZ_Lend19 DC 50.01207 -5.68645

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 19 MCZ_Lend19 DC 50.01217 -5.68674

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 19 MCZ_Lend19 DC 50.01223 -5.68699

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 19 MCZ_Lend19 DC 50.01231 -5.68726

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 19 MCZ_Lend19 DC 50.01239 -5.68755

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 19 MCZ_Lend19 DC 50.01248 -5.68785

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 22 MCZ_Lend22 DC 50.01530 -5.67865

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 22 MCZ_Lend22 DC 50.01531 -5.67913

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 22 MCZ_Lend22 DC 50.01535 -5.67959

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 22 MCZ_Lend22 DC 50.01537 -5.68017

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 22 MCZ_Lend22 DC 50.01539 -5.68063

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 22 MCZ_Lend22 DC 50.01542 -5.68117

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 22 MCZ_Lend22 DC 50.01546 -5.68161

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 22 MCZ_Lend22 DC 50.01549 -5.68195

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 22 MCZ_Lend22 DC 50.01555 -5.68249

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 22 MCZ_Lend22 DC 50.01561 -5.68295

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 23 MCZ_Lend23 DC 50.01853 -5.67870

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 23 MCZ_Lend23 DC 50.01854 -5.67918

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 23 MCZ_Lend23 DC 50.01856 -5.67978

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 23 MCZ_Lend23 DC 50.01858 -5.68025

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 23 MCZ_Lend23 DC 50.01862 -5.68098

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 23 MCZ_Lend23 DC 50.01873 -5.68219

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 23 MCZ_Lend23 DC 50.01877 -5.68248

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 23 MCZ_Lend23 DC 50.01883 -5.68296



13/03/2012 wgdn0112 23 MCZ_Lend23 DC 50.01886 -5.68330

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 23 MCZ_Lend23 DC 50.01889 -5.68355

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 24 MCZ_Lend24 DC 50.01206 -5.67728

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 24 MCZ_Lend24 DC 50.01213 -5.67765

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 24 MCZ_Lend24 DC 50.01220 -5.67802

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 24 MCZ_Lend24 DC 50.01224 -5.67837

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 24 MCZ_Lend24 DC 50.01226 -5.67870

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 24 MCZ_Lend24 DC 50.01245 -5.68038

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 25 MCZ_Lend25 DC 50.01521 -5.67306

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 25 MCZ_Lend25 DC 50.01517 -5.67480

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 25 MCZ_Lend25 DC 50.01518 -5.67529

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 25 MCZ_Lend25 DC 50.01522 -5.67693

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 25 MCZ_Lend25 DC 50.01525 -5.67740

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 26 MCZ_Lend26 DC 50.01552 -5.66640

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 26 MCZ_Lend26 DC 50.01544 -5.66727

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 26 MCZ_Lend26 DC 50.01540 -5.66778

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 26 MCZ_Lend26 DC 50.01538 -5.66795

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 26 MCZ_Lend26 DC 50.01537 -5.66820

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 26 MCZ_Lend26 DC 50.01536 -5.66919

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 27 MCZ_Lend27 DC 50.01230 -5.66116

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 27 MCZ_Lend27 DC 50.01230 -5.66157

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 27 MCZ_Lend27 DC 50.01231 -5.66181

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 27 MCZ_Lend27 DC 50.01236 -5.66212

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 27 MCZ_Lend27 DC 50.01239 -5.66236

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 27 MCZ_Lend27 DC 50.01242 -5.66261

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 27 MCZ_Lend27 DC 50.01245 -5.66286

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 27 MCZ_Lend27 DC 50.01249 -5.66312

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 27 MCZ_Lend27 DC 50.01261 -5.66405

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 27 MCZ_Lend27 DC 50.01263 -5.66448

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 28 MCZ_Lend28 DC 50.01962 -5.66438

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 28 MCZ_Lend28 DC 50.01959 -5.66481

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 28 MCZ_Lend28 DC 50.01954 -5.66542

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 28 MCZ_Lend28 DC 50.01950 -5.66602

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 28 MCZ_Lend28 DC 50.01949 -5.66625

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 29 MCZ_Lend29 DC 50.01562 -5.66134

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 29 MCZ_Lend29 DC 50.01557 -5.66182

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 29 MCZ_Lend29 DC 50.01554 -5.66208

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 30 MCZ_Lend30 DC 50.02349 -5.66082

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 30 MCZ_Lend30 DC 50.02341 -5.66143

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 30 MCZ_Lend30 DC 50.02333 -5.66167

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 30 MCZ_Lend30 DC 50.02315 -5.66255

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 30 MCZ_Lend30 DC 50.02308 -5.66278

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 30 MCZ_Lend30 DC 50.02301 -5.66299

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 30 MCZ_Lend30 DC 50.02296 -5.66323

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 31 MCZ_Lend31 DC 50.02844 -5.65792

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 31 MCZ_Lend31 DC 50.02842 -5.65819

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 31 MCZ_Lend31 DC 50.02837 -5.65854

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 31 MCZ_Lend31 DC 50.02833 -5.65875



13/03/2012 wgdn0112 31 MCZ_Lend31 DC 50.02830 -5.65899

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 31 MCZ_Lend31 DC 50.02826 -5.65920

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 31 MCZ_Lend31 DC 50.02822 -5.65937

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 31 MCZ_Lend31 DC 50.02819 -5.65954

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 31 MCZ_Lend31 DC 50.02815 -5.65973

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 31 MCZ_Lend31 DC 50.02811 -5.65988

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 31 MCZ_Lend31 DC 50.02806 -5.66016

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 32 MCZ_Lend32 DC 50.01967 -5.65635

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 32 MCZ_Lend32 DC 50.01963 -5.65661

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 32 MCZ_Lend32 DC 50.01957 -5.65716

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 32 MCZ_Lend32 DC 50.01936 -5.65919

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 32 MCZ_Lend32 DC 50.01935 -5.65941

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 32 MCZ_Lend32 DC 50.01932 -5.65960

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 32 MCZ_Lend32 DC 50.01928 -5.66026

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 32 MCZ_Lend32 DC 50.01912 -5.66203

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 33 MCZ_Lend33 DC 50.02390 -5.65386

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 33 MCZ_Lend33 DC 50.02385 -5.65416

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 33 MCZ_Lend33 DC 50.02381 -5.65435

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 33 MCZ_Lend33 DC 50.02379 -5.65455

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 33 MCZ_Lend33 DC 50.02375 -5.65475

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 33 MCZ_Lend33 DC 50.02372 -5.65489

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 33 MCZ_Lend33 DC 50.02369 -5.65515

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 33 MCZ_Lend33 DC 50.02365 -5.65533

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 33 MCZ_Lend33 DC 50.02362 -5.65552

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 33 MCZ_Lend33 DC 50.02358 -5.65571

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 33 MCZ_Lend33 DC 50.02354 -5.65589

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 33 MCZ_Lend33 DC 50.02349 -5.65605

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 34 MCZ_Lend34 DC 50.03152 -5.65377

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 34 MCZ_Lend34 DC 50.03150 -5.65395

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 34 MCZ_Lend34 DC 50.03147 -5.65412

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 34 MCZ_Lend34 DC 50.03144 -5.65431

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 34 MCZ_Lend34 DC 50.03143 -5.65448

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 34 MCZ_Lend34 DC 50.03142 -5.65461

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 34 MCZ_Lend34 DC 50.03140 -5.65478

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 34 MCZ_Lend34 DC 50.03140 -5.65495

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 34 MCZ_Lend34 DC 50.03135 -5.65518

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 34 MCZ_Lend34 DC 50.03133 -5.65535

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 34 MCZ_Lend34 DC 50.03131 -5.65549

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 35 MCZ_Lend35 DC 50.01624 -5.65270

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 35 MCZ_Lend35 DC 50.01621 -5.65342

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 35 MCZ_Lend35 DC 50.01622 -5.65365

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 35 MCZ_Lend35 DC 50.01622 -5.65389

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 35 MCZ_Lend35 DC 50.01621 -5.65406

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 35 MCZ_Lend35 DC 50.01620 -5.65425

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 35 MCZ_Lend35 DC 50.01618 -5.65469

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 35 MCZ_Lend35 DC 50.01617 -5.65494

21/03/2012 wgdn0112 35 MCZ_Lend35 DC 50.01616 -5.65510

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 37 MCZ_Lend37 DC 50.02025 -5.64996



13/03/2012 wgdn0112 37 MCZ_Lend37 DC 50.02021 -5.65092

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 37 MCZ_Lend37 DC 50.02020 -5.65112

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 37 MCZ_Lend37 DC 50.02011 -5.65219

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 37 MCZ_Lend37 DC 50.02002 -5.65272

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 37 MCZ_Lend37 DC 50.01997 -5.65344

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 38 MCZ_Lend38 DC 50.03248 -5.64731

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 38 MCZ_Lend38 DC 50.03246 -5.64759

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 38 MCZ_Lend38 DC 50.03244 -5.64784

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 38 MCZ_Lend38 DC 50.03240 -5.64818

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 38 MCZ_Lend38 DC 50.03238 -5.64834

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 38 MCZ_Lend38 DC 50.03236 -5.64854

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 38 MCZ_Lend38 DC 50.03234 -5.64872

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 38 MCZ_Lend38 DC 50.03231 -5.64889

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 38 MCZ_Lend38 DC 50.03229 -5.64905

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 38 MCZ_Lend38 DC 50.03226 -5.64926

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 38 MCZ_Lend38 DC 50.03223 -5.64946

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 39 MCZ_Lend39 DC 50.02378 -5.64761

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 39 MCZ_Lend39 DC 50.02374 -5.64775

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 39 MCZ_Lend39 DC 50.02371 -5.64795

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 39 MCZ_Lend39 DC 50.02369 -5.64808

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 39 MCZ_Lend39 DC 50.02367 -5.64821

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 39 MCZ_Lend39 DC 50.02365 -5.64837

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 39 MCZ_Lend39 DC 50.02361 -5.64859

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 39 MCZ_Lend39 DC 50.02360 -5.64872

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 39 MCZ_Lend39 DC 50.02358 -5.64892

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 39 MCZ_Lend39 DC 50.02356 -5.64909

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 39 MCZ_Lend39 DC 50.02354 -5.64918

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 40 MCZ_Lend40 DC 50.03607 -5.64479

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 40 MCZ_Lend40 DC 50.03603 -5.64513

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 40 MCZ_Lend40 DC 50.03598 -5.64541

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 40 MCZ_Lend40 DC 50.03590 -5.64590

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 40 MCZ_Lend40 DC 50.03588 -5.64617

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 40 MCZ_Lend40 DC 50.03587 -5.64646

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 40 MCZ_Lend40 DC 50.03587 -5.64671

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 40 MCZ_Lend40 DC 50.03586 -5.64696

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 40 MCZ_Lend40 DC 50.03585 -5.64720

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 40 MCZ_Lend40 DC 50.03583 -5.64747

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 40 MCZ_Lend40 DC 50.03581 -5.64768

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 41 MCZ_Lend41 DC 50.02745 -5.64365

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 41 MCZ_Lend41 DC 50.02752 -5.64349

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 41 MCZ_Lend41 DC 50.02759 -5.64339

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 41 MCZ_Lend41 DC 50.02764 -5.64345

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 41 MCZ_Lend41 DC 50.02770 -5.64352

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 41 MCZ_Lend41 DC 50.02770 -5.64356

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 41 MCZ_Lend41 DC 50.02773 -5.64361

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 41 MCZ_Lend41 DC 50.02775 -5.64365

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 41 MCZ_Lend41 DC 50.02780 -5.64379

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 41 MCZ_Lend41 DC 50.02788 -5.64385



13/03/2012 wgdn0112 41 MCZ_Lend41 DC 50.02796 -5.64391

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 41 MCZ_Lend41 DC 50.02806 -5.64405

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 42 MCZ_Lend42 DC 50.02119 -5.64291

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 42 MCZ_Lend42 DC 50.02119 -5.64317

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 42 MCZ_Lend42 DC 50.02119 -5.64339

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 42 MCZ_Lend42 DC 50.02119 -5.64357

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 42 MCZ_Lend42 DC 50.02121 -5.64399

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 42 MCZ_Lend42 DC 50.02121 -5.64415

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 42 MCZ_Lend42 DC 50.02121 -5.64431

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 42 MCZ_Lend42 DC 50.02121 -5.64448

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 42 MCZ_Lend42 DC 50.02121 -5.64466

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 42 MCZ_Lend42 DC 50.02119 -5.64486

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 42 MCZ_Lend42 DC 50.02119 -5.64509

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 43 MCZ_Lend43 DC 50.03212 -5.63964

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 43 MCZ_Lend43 DC 50.03207 -5.63987

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 43 MCZ_Lend43 DC 50.03204 -5.64014

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 43 MCZ_Lend43 DC 50.03199 -5.64041

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 43 MCZ_Lend43 DC 50.03195 -5.64073

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 43 MCZ_Lend43 DC 50.03193 -5.64092

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 43 MCZ_Lend43 DC 50.03192 -5.64115

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 43 MCZ_Lend43 DC 50.03189 -5.64136

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 43 MCZ_Lend43 DC 50.03187 -5.64156

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 43 MCZ_Lend43 DC 50.03186 -5.64179

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 43 MCZ_Lend43 DC 50.03182 -5.64207

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 44 MCZ_Lend44 DC 50.02485 -5.64006

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 44 MCZ_Lend44 DC 50.02485 -5.64032

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 44 MCZ_Lend44 DC 50.02485 -5.64052

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 44 MCZ_Lend44 DC 50.02484 -5.64070

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 44 MCZ_Lend44 DC 50.02483 -5.64087

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 44 MCZ_Lend44 DC 50.02482 -5.64103

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 44 MCZ_Lend44 DC 50.02481 -5.64118

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 44 MCZ_Lend44 DC 50.02480 -5.64133

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 44 MCZ_Lend44 DC 50.02478 -5.64149

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 44 MCZ_Lend44 DC 50.02477 -5.64169

13/03/2012 wgdn0112 44 MCZ_Lend44 DC 50.02476 -5.64186

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 45 MCZ_Lend45 DC 50.02849 -5.63700

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 45 MCZ_Lend45 DC 50.02845 -5.63716

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 45 MCZ_Lend45 DC 50.02842 -5.63729

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 45 MCZ_Lend45 DC 50.02838 -5.63743

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 45 MCZ_Lend45 DC 50.02834 -5.63758

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 45 MCZ_Lend45 DC 50.02828 -5.63777

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 45 MCZ_Lend45 DC 50.02821 -5.63803

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 45 MCZ_Lend45 DC 50.02816 -5.63820

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 45 MCZ_Lend45 DC 50.02811 -5.63840

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 45 MCZ_Lend45 DC 50.02808 -5.63861

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 45 MCZ_Lend45 DC 50.02804 -5.63881

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 46 MCZ_Lend46 DC 50.03287 -5.63445

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 46 MCZ_Lend46 DC 50.03285 -5.63469



12/03/2012 wgdn0112 46 MCZ_Lend46 DC 50.03283 -5.63502

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 46 MCZ_Lend46 DC 50.03280 -5.63557

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 46 MCZ_Lend46 DC 50.03277 -5.63581

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 46 MCZ_Lend46 DC 50.03274 -5.63602

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 46 MCZ_Lend46 DC 50.03272 -5.63622

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 46 MCZ_Lend46 DC 50.03268 -5.63643

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 46 MCZ_Lend46 DC 50.03265 -5.63660

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 46 MCZ_Lend46 DC 50.03262 -5.63678

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 46 MCZ_Lend46 DC 50.03259 -5.63700

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 47 MCZ_Lend47 DC 50.03668 -5.63156

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 47 MCZ_Lend47 DC 50.03664 -5.63200

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 47 MCZ_Lend47 DC 50.03659 -5.63248

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 47 MCZ_Lend47 DC 50.03655 -5.63275

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 47 MCZ_Lend47 DC 50.03652 -5.63295

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 47 MCZ_Lend47 DC 50.03652 -5.63312

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 47 MCZ_Lend47 DC 50.03648 -5.63337

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 47 MCZ_Lend47 DC 50.03645 -5.63352

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 47 MCZ_Lend47 DC 50.03640 -5.63374

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 47 MCZ_Lend47 DC 50.03636 -5.63396

12/03/2012 wgdn0112 47 MCZ_Lend47 DC 50.03632 -5.63420

Videos

13/03/2012 wgnd0112 01 MCZ_Lend01 DC 50.03028 -5.72414

13/03/2012 wgnd0112 02 MCZ_Lend02 DC 50.02677 -5.72061

13/03/2012 wgnd0112 03 MCZ_Lend03 DC 50.02972 -5.71556

13/03/2012 wgnd0112 04 MCZ_Lend04 DC 50.02594 -5.71301

13/03/2012 wgnd0112 05 MCZ_Lend05 DC 50.02935 -5.71089

13/03/2012 wgnd0112 06 MCZ_Lend06 DC 50.02220 -5.70884

21/03/2012 wgnd0112 07 MCZ_Lend07 DC 50.01846 -5.70530

13/03/2012 wgnd0112 08 MCZ_Lend08 DC 50.02575 -5.70372

13/03/2012 wgnd0112 09 MCZ_Lend09 DC 50.02907 -5.70080

21/03/2012 wgnd0112 10 MCZ_Lend10 DC 50.01330 -5.69794

13/03/2012 wgnd0112 11 MCZ_Lend11 DC 50.02072 -5.69866

13/03/2012 wgnd0112 12 MCZ_Lend12 DC 50.02549 -5.69720

13/03/2012 wgnd0112 13 MCZ_Lend13 DC 50.01917 -5.69840

21/03/2012 wgnd0112 14 MCZ_Lend14 DC 50.01431 -5.69350

13/03/2012 wgnd0112 15 MCZ_Lend15 DC 50.01896 -5.69045

21/03/2012 wgnd0112 16 MCZ_Lend16 DC 50.01089 -5.68989

21/03/2012 wgnd0112 17 MCZ_Lend17 DC 50.01541 -5.68589

13/03/2012 wgnd0112 18 MCZ_Lend18 DC 50.01907 -5.68495

21/03/2012 wgnd0112 19 MCZ_Lend19 DC 50.01167 -5.68497

21/03/2012 wgnd0112 22 MCZ_Lend22 DC 50.01527 -5.67814

13/03/2012 wgnd0112 23 MCZ_Lend23 DC 50.01854 -5.67826

21/03/2012 wgnd0112 24 MCZ_Lend24 DC 50.01206 -5.67728

21/03/2012 wgnd0112 25 MCZ_Lend25 DC 50.01521 -5.67306

21/03/2012 wgnd0112 26 MCZ_Lend26 DC 50.01552 -5.66640

21/03/2012 wgnd0112 27 MCZ_Lend27 DC 50.01213 -5.66266

13/03/2012 wgnd0112 28 MCZ_Lend28 DC 50.01962 -5.66438



21/03/2012 wgnd0112 29 MCZ_Lend29 DC 50.01577 -5.65923

13/03/2012 wgnd0112 30 MCZ_Lend30 DC 50.02527 -5.66026

13/03/2012 wgnd0112 31 MCZ_Lend31 DC 50.02848 -5.65693

13/03/2012 wgnd0112 32 MCZ_Lend32 DC 50.01967 -5.65635

13/03/2012 wgnd0112 33 MCZ_Lend33 DC 50.02390 -5.65386

12/03/2012 wgnd0112 34 MCZ_Lend34 DC 50.03152 -5.65377

21/03/2012 wgnd0112 35 MCZ_Lend35 DC 50.01625 -5.65270

13/03/2012 wgnd0112 37 MCZ_Lend37 DC 50.02025 -5.64996

12/03/2012 wgnd0112 38 MCZ_Lend38 DC 50.03248 -5.64731

13/03/2012 wgnd0112 39 MCZ_Lend39 DC 50.02378 -5.64761

13/03/2012 wgnd0112 41 MCZ_Lend41 DC 50.02745 -5.64365

12/03/2012 wgnd0112 43 MCZ_Lend43 DC 50.03207 -5.63987

13/03/2012 wgnd0112 44 MCZ_Lend44 DC 50.02485 -5.64006

12/03/2012 wgnd0112 45 MCZ_Lend45 DC 50.02849 -5.63700

12/03/2012 wgnd0112 46 MCZ_Lend46 DC 50.03287 -5.63445

12/03/2012 wgnd0112 47 MCZ_Lend47 DC 50.03668 -5.63156

Grabs

13/03/2014 2FGL50314 1 LEND017 HG 50.03003 -5.70208

13/03/2014 2FGL50314 2 LEND007 HG 50.03434 -5.69741

13/03/2014 2FGL50314 3 LEND011 HG 50.0318 -5.6911

13/03/2014 2FGL50314 4 LEND018 HG 50.02612 -5.69912

13/03/2014 2FGL50314 5 LEND009 HG 50.0254 -5.6881

13/03/2014 2FGL50314 6 LEND031 HG 50.03845 -5.63347

13/03/2014 2FGL50314 8 LEND027 HG 50.03674 -5.6491

13/03/2014 2FGL50314 9 LEND019 HG 50.03473 -5.64825

13/03/2014 2FGL50314 10 LEND020 HG 50.03294 -5.6503

13/03/2014 2FGL50314 11 LEND021 HG 50.03126 -5.65414

13/03/2014 2FGL50314 12 LEND002 HG 50.02875 -5.65467

13/03/2014 2FGL50314 13 LEND022 HG 50.02814 -5.65887

13/03/2014 2FGL50314 14 LEND028 HG 50.03544 -5.65657

13/03/2014 2FGL50314 15 LEND010 HG 50.03427 -5.66156

13/03/2014 2FGL50314 16 LEND023 HG 50.02314 -5.66167

13/03/2014 2FGL50314 17 LEND029 HG 50.02748 -5.63421

Key: HG - Hamon Grab; DC – Drop Camera.

Note: No Video at site no 20, 21, 36, 40, 42, 47; No Stills at site no. 20, 21, 36.


Appendix 2. Outputs from acoustic surveys


Appendix 3. Evidence of human activities within the Land’s End rMCZ

There is no evidence from the acoustic data of wrecks or of anthropogenic impact within the boundary of the MCZ.


Appendix 4. Species list

Species list for grab samples (Species FOCI indicated by grey shading, if present). Percentage occurrence was calculated as the ‘Number of samples where the species occurs’ / ‘total number of grab samples’ x 100.

Taxa % Occurrence

SPONGES

Halichondriidae 7

HYDROIDS, CORALS, JELLYFISH, ANEMONES

Sertularella 7

RIBBON WORMS

Nemertea 13

SEGMENTED WORMS

Pisione remota 47

Opisthodonta pterochaeta 40

Glycera lapidum 33

Glycera oxycephala 33

Syllis pontxioi 33

Polygordius 33

Nephtys cirrosa 27

Enchytraeidae 27

Goniadella bobretzkii 20

Protodorvillea kefersteini 20

Hydroides norvegica 20

Spio filicornis 13

Polygordius appendiculatus 13

Sigalion squamosus 7

Hesionura elongata 7

Goniadidae 7

Syllis cornuta 7

Aponuphis bilineata 7

Lumbrineris cingulata 7

Paraonidae 7

Caulleriella 7

Serpulidae 7

Spirobranchus 7

Spirobranchus triqueter 7

CRUSTACEANS

Ampelisca tenuicornis 13

Eurydice spinigera 13

Verruca stroemia 7

Atylus falcatus 7

Atylus swammerdamei 7

MOLLUSCS

Moerella pygmaea 53


Taxa % Occurrence

Goodallia triangularis 47

Modiolula phaseolina 33

Spisula elliptica 33

Glycymeris glycymeris 20

Anomiidae 20

Gastropoda 13

Hiatella arctica 13

Euspira nitida 7

Epitonium clathratulum 7

Eulima bilineata 7

Vitreolina philippi 7

Tellimya ferruginosa 7

Arcopagia crassa 7

Clausinella fasciata 7

BRYOZOANS

Cellaria fistulosa 73

Crisia denticulata 67

Scrupocellaria scruposa 60

Celleporella hyalina 60

Pentapora fascialis 40

Cellepora pumicosa 40

Umbonula littoralis 33

Schizomavella 33

Tubulipora 27

Crisidia cornuta 20

Schizomavella auriculata 20

Schizomavella linearis 20

Cellaria 13

Schizoporella 13

Lichenoporidae 7

Flustra foliacea 7

Escharoides coccinea 7

Porella 7

Porella alba 7

Escharina 7

Microporella ciliata 7

Fenestrulina malusii 7

SEA STARS, URCHINS, SEA CUCUMBERS

Echinocyamus pusillus 20

Echinocardium flavescens 7

ROUND WORMS

Nematoda 27

FISH

Eggs 47

Ammodytes marinus 7


Species list for video samples (Species FOCI indicated by grey shading, if present). Percentage occurrence was calculated as the ‘Number of samples where the species occurs/total number of samples’ x 100.

Taxa %Occurrence

SPONGES

Porifera 79

Cliona celata 2

HYDROIDS, CORALS, JELLYFISH, ANEMONES

Hydrozoa 72

Alcyonium digitatum 65

Nemertesia 47

Actiniaria 33

Corynactis viridis 21

Eunicella verrucosa 5

Caryophyllia smithii 5

Tubularia 2

SEGMENTED WORMS

Serpulidae 12

Spirobranchus 2

CRUSTACEANS

Maja squinado 5

MOLLUSCS

Pecten maximus 2

Calliostoma 2

BRYOZOANS

Pentapora foliacea 72

Bryozoa 14

Flustra foliacea 7

SEA STARS, URCHINS, SEA CUCUMBERS

Echinus esculentus 58

Asteroidea 26

Marthasterias glacialis 12

Ophiocomina nigra 12

Holothuria forskali 9

Ophiuroidea 7

Luidia ciliaris 7

Henricia 5

Crossaster papposus 2

FISH

Osteichthyes 16

Labrus mixtus 5

Scyliorhinus 2

Ammodytidae 2


Taxa %Occurrence

Scophthalmidae 2

LANCELET

Branchiostoma lanceolatum 5

SEA SQUIRTS

Styelidae 7

Ascidiacea 5

ALGAE

Corallinaceae 16

Rhodophyceae 7


Appendix 5. Analyses of sediment samples: classification and composition

Stn No. Stn Code Latitude Longitude Sediment Description EUNIS Level 3/BSH Gravel (%) Sand (%) Silt/clay (%)

1 LNDE017 50.03003 -5.70208 sand Sand and muddy sand 0.05 99.95 0.00


3 LNDE011 50.03180 -5.69110 sand/shell Coarse sediment 11.56 88.44 0.00


5 LNDE009 50.02540 -5.68810 sand/shell Coarse sediment 12.23 87.77 0.00













Appendix 6. BSH/EUNIS Level 3 descriptions derived from video and stills

Station No. Station Code Latitude Longitude

No. of stills Sediment Description EUNIS Level 3/BSH MNCR Code

Stills

1 MCZ_Lend01 50.03046 -5.72448 3 Unstable circalittoral cobbles and pebbles












1 MCZ_Lend01 50.03150 -5.72633 10 Circalittoral coarse sediment Subtidal coarse sediment A5.1






2 MCZ_Lend02 50.02676 -5.72061 1 Moderate energy circalittoral rock Moderate energy circalittoral rock A4.2

















6 MCZ_Lend06 50.02225 -5.70904 3 Echinoderms and crustose communities on moderate energy circalittoral rock

Moderate energy circalittoral rock A4.2






























9 MCZ_Lend09 50.02907 -5.70080 2 Circalittoral fine sand Subtidal sand A5.2










































46 MCZ_Lend46 50.03280 -5.63557 5 Wave-exposed circalittoral rock High energy circalittoral rock A4.1








47 MCZ_Lend47 50.03668 -5.63156 1 Moderate energy circalittoral rock High energy circalittoral rock A4.1




47 MCZ_Lend47 50.03664 -5.63200 2 Moderately tide-swept exposed circalittoral rock

High energy circalittoral rock A4.1


47 MCZ_Lend47 50.03655 -5.63275 4 Mixed faunal turf communities High energy circalittoral rock A4.1








Videos

















Appendix 7. Example images for broadscale habitats

(Note - images representative only as not all are taken directly from survey)

Broadscale Habitats Description Example Image

A3.1 High energy infralittoral rock

Rocky habitats in the infralittoral zone subject to exposed to extremely exposed wave action or strong tidal streams.

A4.2 Moderate energy circalittoral rock

Mainly occurs on exposed to moderately wave-exposed circalittoral bedrock and boulders, subject to moderately strong and weak tidal streams.

A5.1 Subtidal coarse sediment

Coarse sediments including coarse sand, gravel, pebbles, shingle and cobbles which are often unstable due to tidal currents and/or wave action.

A5.2 Subtidal sand Clean medium to fine sands or non-cohesive slightly muddy sands on open coasts, offshore or in estuaries and marine inlets.

http://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/441








Appendix 8. Example image from survey of habitat FOCI

Habitat FOCI

Description Example Image taken during survey

Subtidal Sands and Gravels

Sand and gravel seabeds widespread around the UK

land’s end (runnels stone) rmcz post-survey site...

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