laporan praktikum pengujian logam 1
TRANSCRIPT
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LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM
PENGUJIAN PENGERUSAK DAN MICROSTRUKTUR
DISUSUN OLEH :
IMAM FITRIADI
NPM :
13.813.0023
PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK MESIN
FAKULTAS TEKNIK MESIN
UNIVERSITAS MEDAN AREA
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KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syuku !"#u$is u%&!k &'&s k"(&)i&' A$$( S.*.T y+ ,&(& ku&s&-k&"#& ki'& ,&si(
)i"i k"s"(&' ) u,u y+ !j+. S"'& s(/$&&' ) s&$&, !&)& ju#ju#+ ki'& #&i
Mu(&,,&) S.A.* y+ '"$&( ,",&& ki'& k" &$&, y+ !"#u( )"#+ i$,u !"#+"'&(u
)"#+ &(,&' ) k&u#iy& ,&k& s&y& )&!&' ,"#y"$"s&ik L&!/ P&k'iku, P"#+uji
L/+&, i#i.
D&$&, ,"#y"$"s&ik 'u+&s $&!/ i#i- s&y& '"$&( "us&(& s"&ik ,u#+ki# &+&
,"#)&!&' (&si$ y+ &ik )"#+ ,"#++u#&k $i'"&'u ) !"#+"'&(u y+ s&y& !"/$"(
s"$&,& ku$i&(.
P&)& k"s",!&' k&$i i#i s&y& i#+i# ,"#y&,!&ik '"i,& k&si( k"!&)& &!&k I.A,u
Si"+&.MT s"$&ku )/s"# k/)i#&'/ )&$&, P&k'iku, P"#+uji L/+&, i#i ) ju+& &!&k
/y U,/(-ST.MT s"$&ku k"'u& !/+&, s'u)i '"k#ik ,"si# )i U#i"si'&s M") A"&
) ju+& &!&k ) iu )/s"# )i PTKI P"#)i)ik T"k#/$/+i Ki,i& I#)us'i4 s"$&ku
!",i,i#+ !&k'iku,. D '&k $u!& !u$& s&y& u%&!k '"i,& k&si( k"!&)& k")u& /+ 'u&
s&y& y+ '"$&( ,","ik )uku#+ &ik s"%&& ,/&$ ,&u!u# s!ii'u&$. D '",'",
)i 6&ku$'&s '"k#ik ,"si# U#i"si'&s M") A"& y+ 'uu' ,",'u s&y& ,"#y"$"s&ik$&!/ !"#+uji $/+&, i#i.
S&y& ,"#y&)&i &(& !"#u$is $&!/ !&k'iku, !"#+uji $/+&, i#i ,&si( y&k
k"ku+ ) k"s&$&(. Mu)&(5,u)&( 'u+&s !"%+ k/!$i#+ i#i )&!&' ",&&'
&+i s&y& ,&u!u# /+ $&i# /+ $&i# y+ i#+i# ,"#+",+k i$,u !"#+"'&(u )
'"k#/$/+i
M")- 12 7u#i 201
P"#u$is
IMAM FITRIADI
NPM: 13.813.0023
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BAB I
LANDASAN TEORI
1.1 Sifa M!"a#i" L$%a&
Si6&' ,"kik &( &)&$&( : (uu#+ '&& "s!/#s &'&u )"6/,&si &( '"(&)&!
" y+ "k"j&.
Si6&' ,"kik : "k&i' )"#+ k"ku&'- k"k"&s- k"u$"'- ) k"k&ku.
1.2 S'!(( Da# S'ai#
S'"ss 9 '"++ .
S'&i# 9 "++ .
&( )&!&' )i"i )"#+ 3 %&& : '&ik- '"k- +"s" +u#'i#+4.
1.2.1 U)i a'i"
A)&$&( s&$&( s&'u uji s'"ss s'&i# ,"kik y+ "'uju u#'uk ,"#+"'&(ui k"ku&'
&( '"(&)&! +&y& '&ik. D&$&, !"#+uji#y&-&( uji )i'&i s&,!&i !u'us.
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1.2.2 U)i T!"a#
&( uji )i"ik +&y& '"k. Ru,us '"++ ) "++ s&,& )"#+ y+
)i!&k&i !&)& uji '&ik- (y& '&)& " #"+&'i" '"k 4. H&si$ uji &k ,","ik (&+&
#"+&'i".
R!%a#%a# G!(!'
R"++ +"s" )i$&,+k ,"u!&k '+"#.
T$'(i
T/si &)&$&( &i&si )&i +&y& +"s" ,u#i. &( uji )i"ik +&y& !u#'i y+ &k
,"#i,u$k +"&k !u'& !&)& su,u !"#++"&k &'&u ,"si# /.
D!f$'&a(i E*a(i(
"sy& &( ,"#+&$&,i )"6/,&si &'&u "++ "+'u#+ k"!&)& "sy&
'"++. P&)& s"&+i "s& ,"'&$- '"++ ) "++ &)&$&(!/!/si/#&$
)"#+ (uu#+ :
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Dik"#&$ )"#+ +UKUM +OOKE
U#'uk $/+&, (&+& E : -; < 10 MP& S=D 0-> < 10 MP&.
&( )is"u' ,"#+&$&,i DE F O R M AS I E L A S T I S 7ik& '"++ ) "++
"sy& !/!/si/#&$.
D"6/,&si "$&s'is &)&$&( 'i)&k !","#'- &'i#y& jik& " )i$"!&sk ,&k& &(
k",&$i k" "#'uk s",u$&.
D!f$'&a(i E*a(i( N$# Li#!a'
M/)u$us "$&s'isi'&s )i%&i )"#+ ,/)u$us '+"# &'&u ,/)u$us s"%'.
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D&$&, sk&$& &'/,- )"6/,&si "$&s'is &)&$&( !"u&( j&&k '& &'/,. 7&)i "s&
,/)u$us "$&s'isi'&s &)&$&( "sy& '&( &'/,5&'/, y+ "ik&'
P&)& " +"s"- '"++ ) "++ is& )i(uu#+k )"#+ !"s&,&:
= G .
= T"++
= R"++
G = M/)u$us G"s"
Si6&' E$&s'is &(
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7ik& '"++ !&)& su,u ?
5 &&( s ? : !"!j+
5 &&( s @ : !"!"#)"k
5 &&( s y : !"!"#)"k
P")i#+ '&& "++ '"+&k $uus '"(&)&! "++ &ksi&$ )is"u' 'a(i$
,$i(($#- #.
&( is/'/!ik - # i&sy& 9 1=.
M"'&$ ) %&,!u#y&- # 9 0.2; s=) 0.3;M/)u$us +"s" ) ,/)u$us "$&s'ik )i(uu#+k )"#+ ,",&k&i &si/ !/iss/# s:
E = 2 G 1 + # 4
D!f$'&a(i P*a(i(
P&)& k"y&k $/+&,- )"6/,&si "$&s'is (y& '"j&)i s&,!&i "++ 0.00;. 7ik&
&( ")"6/,&si ,"$"&'i &'&s "$&s'is- '"++ 'i)&k $&+i !/!/si/#&$ '"(&)&!
"++. D&"&( i#i )is"u' )&"&( !$&s'is.
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P&)& )&"&( !$&s'is- &( 'i)&k is& k",&$i k" "#'uk s",u$& jik& "
)i$"!&sk.
P&)& 'i#j&u ,ik/ : )"6/,&si !$&s'is ,"#+&ki&'k !u'us#y& ik&' &'/, )"#+
&'/, '"'++y& ) ,","#'uk ik&' y+ &u )"#+
&'/, y+ $&i##y&. 7ik& " )i $"!&sk- &'/, i#i 'i)&k
k",&$i k"ik&' &&$#y&.
Sifa Sifa Ta'i"
L-*- /a# K!"-aa# L-*-
Ti'ik $u$u( '"j&)i !&)& )&"&( )i,& )"6/,&si !$&s'is ,u)&( '"j&)i !&)& $/+&,
+&6ik s5" ""$/k s"%&& "'&(&! s"(i#++& 'i'ik $u$u( )i'"#'uk )&i &&$
!"u&( ku& s5" )&i $i#i" k" $"#+ku#+. Ti'ik i#i )i s"u' &'&s !/!/si/#&$ 'i'ik
! !&)& +&,&4. P&)& k"#y&'y& 'i'ik ! i#i 'i)&k is& )i'"#'uk s"%&& !&s'i.
K"s"!&k&' )i u&' )i,& )i '&ik +&is $uus !&&$"$- )"#+ ku& s5" )"#+
(&+& " 9 0.002. P"!/'/#+ +&is i#i )"#+ ku& s5" )i)"6i#isik s"&+&i
k"ku&' $u$u( ' y.
K!"-aa# Ta'i"
S"'"$&( 'i'ik $u$u(- '"++ '"us #&ik )"#+ "$ju'#y& )"6/,&si !$&s'is s&,!&i
'i'ik ,&ksi,u, ) k",u)i ,"#uu# s&,!&i &k(i#y& !&'&(.
K"ku&' '&ik &)&$&( '"++ ,&ksi,u, !&)& ku& s5". H&$ i#i "(uu#+
)"#+ '"++ ,&ksi,u, y+ is& )i '&( s'uk'u !&)& k/#)isi '&ik
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K!-*!a#M"#+uku )"&j&' )"6/,&si !$&s'is !&)& s&&' !&'&(. &( y+ ,"#+&$&,i s")iki'
&'&u 'i)&k s&,& s"k&$i )"6/,&si !$&s'is )i s"u' &!u(.
&( )i++&! &!u( jik& "++ !&)& s&&' !&'&( ki&5ki& ;.
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Si6&' ,"kik ""&!& $/+&,- ) !&)u
R!(i*i!#!
A)&$&( k&!&si'&s ,&'"i&$ u#'uk ,"#y"&! "#"+i k"'ik& ,"#+&$&,i )"6/,&si
"$&s'is ) k"'ik& " )i$"!&sk- "#"+i i#i ju+& )i$"!&sk.
M$/-*-( '!(i*i!#!- U : &)&$&( "#"+i "++ !"s&'u /$u," y+ )i!"$uk
s"(i#++& ,&'"i&$ ,"#)&!&' '"++ )&i k/#)isi 'i)&k "" k"'i'ik $u$u(.
M&'"i&$ y+ ,",!u#y&i si6&' "si$i"#%" &)&$&( ,&'"i&$ y+ ,",!u#y&i '"++
$u$u( 'i#++i sy 4 ) ,/)u$us "$&s'isi'&s "#)&(. B/#'/( : &$$/y u#'uk !"+&s.
K!a#%%-a# T$-%#!(( .
A)&$&( k",&,!u &( u#'uk ,"#y"&! "#"+i s&,!&i !&'&(.
S&'u k"'++u( 9 s&'u "si$i"#%"
&( u$"' 5C &( '++u(
&( +"'&s 5C &( 'i)&k '++u(
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T!%a#%a# /a# R!%a#%a# S!!#a'#4a
T"++ ) "++ s""#y& )iuku ")&s&k $u&s !"#&,!+
s""#y& !&)& s&&' )i"ik ".
Jika tidak ada perubahan volume :
Ai li = AoLo
T = ( 1 + )
T = ln ( 1 + )
U#'uk ""&!& $/+&, ) !&)u- '"++ s""#y& !&)& ku& s5" !&)&
)&"&( ,u$&i '"j&)i#y& )"6/,&si !$&s'is k" k/#)isi '"j&)i#y& #"%ki#+ !"#+"%i$
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!"#&,!+4 )iu,usk :
T = K T n K , n = Konstan
n < 1Harga n an K !ntuk berbagai paduan
K!"!'a(a# a'/#!((
K"k"&s &)&$&( ,"#+uku k"'&( ,&'"i&$ '"(&)&! )"6/,&si !$&s'is y+
'"$/k&$is&si $"#+ku#+ k"%i$ &'&u +/"s.
M&%&,5 ,&%&, uji k"k"&s :
Uji k"k"&s R/%k"$$
Uji k"k"&s i#"$$
Uji k"k"&s i%k"
Uji k"k"&s K#//!
U)i K!"!'a(a# R$"5!**
M"'/)" y+ !&$i#+ u,u, )i+u#&k k&"#& si,!"$ ) 'i)&k ,"#+("#)&ki
k"&($i k(usus. Di+u#&k k/,i#&si &i&si i#)"#'" ) " u#'uk &( ,"'&$
) %&,!u ,u$&i )&i &( $u#&k s&,!&i k"&s.
I#)"#'" : 5 /$& &j& k"&s
uku 1=1 - 1=8 - 1= - 1=2 i#%i 1-;88 3-1>; -3;0 12->0 ,,4
5 i#' k"u%u'
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H&)#"ss Nu," #/,/ k"k"&s )i'"#'uk /$"( !"")& k")&$&,
!"#"'&si i#)"#'"- )"#+ %&& ,","i " ,i#/ )iiku'i " ,&j/ y+ $"i(
"s&.
")&s&k "s& " ,i#/ ) ,&j/- uji k"k"&s /%k"$$ )i")&k &'&s 2 :
5 /%k"$$
5 /%k"$$ su!"6i%i&$ : u#'uk &( 'i!is
Uji k"k"&s /%k"$$ : 5 " ,i#/ : 10 k+
5 " ,&j/ : 0- 100- 1;0 k+
Uji k"k"&s /%k"$$ su!"6i%i&$ :
5 " ,i#/ : 3 k+
5 " ,&j/ : 1;- 30- ;- k+
U)i K!"!'a(a# B'i#!**
I#)"#'" : 5 /$& &j& k"&s )i&,"'" 10 ,, 0-34
5 Tu#+s'"# %&i)" )i&,"'" 10 ,, 0.34
" : ;00 5 3000 k+- s'"! ;00 k+
A#+k& k"k"&s i#"$$ &)&$&( 6u#+si " ) )i&,"'" $/+ (&si$- )iu,usk:
U)i K!"!'a(a# Mi"'$ K#$$, /a# Vi"!'(
I#)"#'" : i#' !i&,i)
" : 1 5 1000 +
H&si$ '"s' "u!& $"kuk )i!"iks& )"#+ ,ik/sk/!
HK 9 (&)#"ss #u," K#//! KHN4
H 9 (&)#"ss #u," i%k"s HN4
K#//! ) i%k"s )i+u#&k u#'uk uji k"k"&s ,ik/
)&"&( k"%i$ ) s!"si,"#
uji &( +"'&s : k"&,ik.
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Saf!4 Fa$' Fa"$' K!a&a#a#.
P&)& k"#y&'y& &( '"k#ik ,",!u#y&i si6&' ,"kik y+ &i&"$- )is&,!i#+
i'u !&)& &!$ik&si s"i#+ " !&)& &( 'i)&k !&s'i- s"(i#++& !"(i'u#+ '"++
(y& !"#)"k&'.
K&"#& i'u k"$/#++& )is&i# (&us )iu&' u#'uk ,"#%"+&( k"+&+&$ y+ 'i)&k
)i(&&!k- u#'uk i'u )i+u#&k is'i$&( J'"++ &, &'&u J'"++ k"j&.
)i,&:
w = tegangan ker"a
y = tegangan luluhN = #aktor keamananNi&sy& 1-2 S=D -0
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BAB II
PROSEDUR KERJA
2.1 U)i I&,a