large infrastructure monitoring at cern by matthias braeger at big data spain 2015
TRANSCRIPT
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Large Infrastructure Monitoring @ CERN
Matthias Bräger CERN Thursday, 10/15/2015 Big Data Spain
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Agenda
Matthias Bräger
Software Engineer CERN [email protected]
▪ Big Data @ CERN ▪ In-Memory Data Grid &
Streaming Analytics
▪ Concrete CERN Example
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Physics data(>100 PB)
Metadata of physics data
Sensor Data of technical installations
Log data Configuration data
Documents
Media data
Others
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European Organization for Nuclear Research
▪ Founded in 1954 (60 years ago!) ▪ 21 Member States
▪ ~ 3’360 Staff, fellows, students... ▪ ~ 10’000 Scientists from
113 different countries
▪ Budget: 1 billion CHF/year
http://cern.ch
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From Physics to Industry
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ATLAS
CMS LHCb
Alice LHC
The worlds biggest machine
Generated 30 Petabytes in 2012 > 100 PB in total!
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LHC - Large Hadron Collider
27km ring of superconducting magnets Started operation in 2010 with 3.5 + 3.5 TeV, 4 + 4 TeV in 2012 2013 – 2015 in Long Shutdown 1 (machine upgrade) Restarted in April 2015 with 6.5 + 6.5 TeV max
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Some ATLAS facts ▪ 25m diameter, 46m length, 7’000 tons ▪ 100 million channels ▪ 40MHz collision rate (~ 1 PB/s) ▪ Run 1: 200 Hz (~ 320 MB/s)
event rate after filtering ▪ Run 2: up to 1 kHz
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Is Hadoop used for storing the ~30 PB/year of physics data ?
No ;-( Experimental data are mainly stored on tape
CERN uses Hadoop for storing the metadata of the experimental data
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Physics Data Handling ▪ Run 1: 30 PB per year
demanding 100’000 processors with peaks of 20 GB/s writing to tape spread across 80 tape drives
▪ Run 2: > 50 PB per year
CERN’s Computer Center (1st floor)
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Physics Data Handling 2013 already more than 100 PB stored in total! ▪ > 88 PB on 55’000 tapes ▪ > 13 PB on disk ▪ > 150 PB free tape storage waiting for
Run 2
CERN’s tape robot
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Why tape storage? ▪ Cost of tape storage is a lot less than
disk storage ▪ No electricity consumption when tapes
are not being accessed ▪ Tape storage size = Data + Copy
Hadoop storage size = Data + 2 Copies
▪ No requirement to have all recorded physics data available within seconds
CERN’s tape robot
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@ CERN 3 HBase Clusters ▪ CASTOR Cluster with ~10 servers
- ~ 100 GB of Logs per day - > 120 TB of Logs in total
▪ ATLAS Cluster with ~20 servers
- Event index Catalogue for experimental Data in the Grid
▪ Monitoring Cluster with ~10 servers - Log events from CERN Computer Center
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Metadata from physics event Metadata are created upon recording of the physics event Examples 1: ▪ Tape Storage event log
- On which tape is my file stored?
- Is there a copy on disk? - List me all events for a given tape or drive
- Was the tape repacked?
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Example 1: Tape Storage event log
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Metadata from physics event Metadata are created upon recording of the physics event Examples 2: ▪ Information about
- Event number
- run number - timestamp
- luminosity block number - trigger that selected the event, etc.
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Example 2: ATLAS EventIndex catalogue Prototype of an event-level metadata catalogue for all ATLAS events ▪ In 2011 and 2012, ATLAS produced 2 billion real events and 4 billion simulated events
▪ Migration to Hadoop for run 2 of the LHC
Data are read from the brokers, decoded and stored into Hadoop.
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Example 2: ATLAS EventIndex catalogue The major use cases of the EventIndex project are:
▪ Event picking: give me the reference (pointer) to "this" event in "that" format for a given processing cycle.
▪ Production consistency checks: technical checks that processing cycles are complete (event counts match).
▪ Event service: give me the references (pointers) for “this” list of events, or for the events satisfying given selection criteria
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Agenda
Matthias Bräger
Software Engineer CERN [email protected]
▪ Big Data @ CERN ▪ In-Memory Data Grid &
Streaming Analytics
▪ Concrete CERN Example
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Physics data(>100 PB)
Metadata of physics data
Sensor Data of technical installations
Log data Configuration data
Documents
Media data
Others
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Growth of Data
Transactions, Sensors, Logs, M2M, ..
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Big Data is first of all cost factor!
The infrastructure has to be put in place to store the data
To a get a maximum return of investment it requires good analytic tools and well defined target goals
to harvest the precious insights of your data
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The value of real time
Latency Matters
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Uptime, SLAs, HA
Performance and Scale
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The Shift
90% of Data in Disk-based Databases
90% of Data in In-Memory
MEMORY
RAM is 58,000 times faster than disk and 2,000 times faster than solid-state drives (SSD)
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Tiered Storage
Distributed memory Server RAM or Flash/SSD
Process Memory
Local off-heap Memory
2,000,000+
1,000,000
100,000
Micro-seconds
Micro-seconds
Milli-seconds
Speed (TPS)
1,000s
Latency
External Data Source (e.g., Database, Hadoop, Data Warehouse)
4 GB
32 GB – 12 TB
100s GB – 100s TB
Seconds
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Achiving High Availability with RAM?
In-memory data grids replicate the data to one or more nodes
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Why now?
Explosion in volume and velocity of
data
Steep drop in price of RAM
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In-Memory Data Grid (IMDG) Platforms
- Scale of NoSQL - Low latency of In-Memory databases
- Reliability & Fault Tolerance - Transactional Guarantees
Fast Big Data
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Scale with data and processing needs
Increase Data in Memory
Reduce database dendency
DB
Application
DB
Application
In-Memory
Distributed In-Memory
DB
Application
In-Memory
Application
In-Memory
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Use Cases for IMDG
• Cache to overcome legacy data bottlenecks • Cache for transient data • Primary store for modern apps • NoSQL database at in-memory speed • Data services fabric for real-time data integration • Compute grid at in-memory speed
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In-Memory Data Grid solutions
Forrester Wave™: In-Memory Data Grids, Q3 2015
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Analyzing data In-Motion Streaming analytics and filtering with Complex Event Processing (CEP)
CEP engine … Events … Actions
In-Memory Event stack
Hadoop Storage
Alarming
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Streaming Analytics
• Many existing products, but still no standards • : Open Source, SQL like query language
• JEPC: An attempt to standardize event processing, from Database Research Group, University of Marburg:
http://www.mathematik.uni-marburg.de/~bhossbach/jepc/
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Use cases
Influencing operations and decisions
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Agenda
Matthias Bräger
Software Engineer CERN [email protected]
▪ Big Data @ CERN ▪ In-Memory Data Grid &
Streaming Analytics
▪ Concrete CERN Example
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Cooling
Access Control
Safety Systems
Network and Hardware Controls
Cryogenics
Electricity
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TIM – Technical Infrastructure Monitoring ▪ Operational since 2005
▪ Used to monitor and control infrastructure at CERN ▪ 24/7 service
▪ ~ 100 different main users at CERN
▪ Since Jan. 2012 based on
new server architecture with C2MON
CERN Control Center at LHC startup
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Cooling Safety Systems Electricity Access Network and Hardware Controls
Cryogenics
TIM Server based on C2MON
Client Tier
Data Analysis Video Viewer TIM Viewer Access Management
Alarm Console
Data Acquisition & Filtering
> 1200 commands > 1300 rules
> 91k data sensors > 41k alarms
Web Apps
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TIM Server based on C2MON
Client Tier
Data Analysis Video Viewer TIM Viewer Access Management
Alarm Console
Data Acquisition & Filtering
ca. 400 million raw values per day
Filtering ca.2 million updates
> 1200 commands > 1300 rules
> 91k data sensors > 41k alarms
Web Apps
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C2MON - CERN Control and Monitoring Platform
C2MON server
C2MON client API my app
C2MON DAQ API my DAQ
…
▪ Allows the rapid implementation of high-performance monitoring solutions
▪ Modular and scalable at all layers ▪ Optimized for High Availability & big data volume
▪ Based on In-Memory solution
▪ All written in Java Currently used by two big monitoring systems @CERN: TIM & DIAMON Central LHC alarm system (“LASER”) in migration phase
http://cern.ch/c2mon
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C2MON server
C2MON architecture
Application Tier
C2MON server
DAQs
History / Backup
In-Memory
- Configuration - Rule logic - Latest sensor values
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C2MON Server
C2MON server core
In-Memory Store (JCache - JSR-107)
DAQ out DAQ in
DAQ supervision
Cache persistence
Cache loading
Lifecycle
Configuration Cache
DB access
Logging Alarm Rules Benchmark Video access
C2MON server modules Client communication Authentication
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Open Source time-series databases
▪ OpenTSDB: Uses as storage model ▪ : Uses Apache as storage model
▪ : Natively time-series, using LMDB storage engine
▪ : Built on top of Apache LuceneTM
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Scenario 1: High availability
• moderate data size • average throughput • min service interrupts • high availability
C2MON SERVER
DAQ process DAQ process DAQ process DAQ process
Clustered JMS brokers JMS broker JMS broker
JMS broker JMS broker
C2MON client C2MON client C2MON client
C2MON SERVER
standby
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Raw data filtering on DAQ layer
GIQO
Garbage In
Quality out
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Scenario 2: High requirements
• large data set • high throughput • min service interrupts • high availability
DAQ process DAQ process DAQ process DAQ process
server array
C2MON SERVER CLUSTER
C2MON SERVER CLUSTER
JMS broker cluster
JMS broker cluster
C2MON client C2MON client
JMS broker cluster
JMS broker cluster
C2MON client C2MON client
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C2MON Roadmap
▪ Offering C2MON to the Open Source community
http://cern.ch/c2mon ▪ Introduction of Complex Event Processing (CEP) module ▪ Migrating historical event store from
relational database to time series database
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IoT = Internet of Things or … Intranet of Things?
▪ Creating a smarter world happens first in the Intranet ▪ Challenge: Integrating heterogenous systems and protocols
▪ Many IoT solutions available, but often closed products which are not compatible to each other
Internet of Things: ▪ Integrating and analysing monitoring data from a variety of installations of the same device type throughout the industry is essential.
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Takeaways
▪ Data and High Availability services are more important than ever before for all modern organizations.
▪ Deriving value from collected data is key to success. ▪ In-Memory platforms are essential for high value & high velocity
data storage and processing.
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Credits & References Many thanks to CERN & Software AG:
- Sebastien Ponce (CERN), for providing information about CASTOR - Rainer Toebbicke (CERN), for providing information about CERN HBASE service - Jan Iven (CERN), for being helpful finding information about existing CERN Hadoop projects - Software AG/Terracotta Product & Engineering Team
References: - C2MON: http://cern.ch/c2mon
- The ATLAS EventIndex: https://cds.cern.ch/record/1690609
- Agile Infrastructure at CERN - Moving 9'000 Servers into a Private Cloud, Helge Meinhard (CERN): http://vimeo.com/93247922
- CRAN, The Comprehensive R Archive Network: http://cran.r-project.org
- Software AG Terracotta: http://www.terracotta.org
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Questions? Muchas gracias por su atención!
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