Latin America and the Latin America and the CaribbeanCaribbean

VocabularyVocabulary

CordilleraCordillera gauchogaucho AltiplanoAltiplano estuaryestuary EscarpmentEscarpment llanollano PampaPampa canopycanopy Tierra calienteTierra caliente archipelagoarchipelago Tierra friaTierra fria doldrumsdoldrums Tierra templadaTierra templada El NinoEl Nino

Countries of Mexico and Central Countries of Mexico and Central AmericaAmerica

Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, PanamaPanama

**Latin America is about 3 times **Latin America is about 3 times the size of the USA.the size of the USA.

Countries of South AmericaCountries of South America

Colombia, Venezuela, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Ecuador, Peru, Guiana, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay Argentina, Chile, Uruguay

Countries of the CaribbeanCountries of the Caribbean

Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Puerto Republic, Jamaica, Puerto Rico (US)Rico (US)

Physical FeaturesPhysical Features Major Mountain rangesMajor Mountain ranges

Andes MountainsAndes MountainsSierra Madre Mountains--Sierra Madre Mountains--

Oriental and OccidentalOriental and Occidental RainforestsRainforests Atacama Desert (world’s driest Atacama Desert (world’s driest

desertdesert

Archipelagoes groups of related Archipelagoes groups of related islands islands

Lesser Antilles: smaller islands south Lesser Antilles: smaller islands south of Puerto Ricoof Puerto Rico

Greater Antilles: Cuba, Jamaica, Greater Antilles: Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Dom.Rep. HaitiPuerto Rico, Dom.Rep. Haiti

Bahamas: 100s of islands off the tip of Bahamas: 100s of islands off the tip of FL & north of CubaFL & north of Cuba

Volcanoes and EarthquakesVolcanoes and Earthquakes

Amazon River BasinAmazon River Basin Over 1000 tributaries feed the Over 1000 tributaries feed the

Amazon River.Amazon River. Drains an area almost the size of Drains an area almost the size of

the USA.the USA. Amazon is the largest river in the Amazon is the largest river in the

world.world. Drains 60 times more water then Drains 60 times more water then

the Nile.the Nile.

Water systemsWater systems

Water systems, especially the rivers of Water systems, especially the rivers of South America, are key to human activity South America, are key to human activity in the region.in the region.

Amazon RiverAmazon River Orinoco RiverOrinoco River Paraguay RiverParaguay River Uruguay RiverUruguay River

Climate & vegetationClimate & vegetation

Much of Latin America lies between the Much of Latin America lies between the Tropic of Cancer & Tropic of Capricorn as Tropic of Cancer & Tropic of Capricorn as a result of that most areas have some a result of that most areas have some form of tropical climate with lush form of tropical climate with lush vegetationvegetation

Mountain ranges & wind patterns create Mountain ranges & wind patterns create a variety of climates & vegetation.a variety of climates & vegetation.

Reversed seasons south of the equatorReversed seasons south of the equator

DoldrumsDoldrums

Between 5° north & 5° south lies the Between 5° north & 5° south lies the doldrums; stillness of air masses not doldrums; stillness of air masses not blowing in any directions.blowing in any directions. Also known as the Intertropical Convergence Also known as the Intertropical Convergence

ZoneZone Historically known as the “Horse Latitudes”Historically known as the “Horse Latitudes”

Natural vegetationNatural vegetation

Consists mostly of rain forests & Consists mostly of rain forests & grasslandsgrasslands

Pampas to the south-ArgentinaPampas to the south-Argentina Llanos to the north-VenezuelaLlanos to the north-Venezuela Used for grazing livestock & farmingUsed for grazing livestock & farming

Elevation & climateElevation & climate Latin America’s varied climates Latin America’s varied climates

are more affected by elevation are more affected by elevation than by distance from the equator.than by distance from the equator.

3 vertical climate zones3 vertical climate zones

Tierra Templada-temperateTierra Templada-temperateTierra Fria-coldTierra Fria-coldTierra Caliente-hotTierra Caliente-hot

Cultural vocabulary-LACultural vocabulary-LA

EthnocentrismEthnocentrism dialectdialect PatoisPatois syncretismsyncretism Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange indigenous indigenous GlyphGlyph chinampas chinampas CampesinoCampesino futbol futbol Jai alaiJai alai desalination desalination EjidosEjidos megacity megacity Primate cityPrimate city shantytowns shantytowns ViceroyViceroy caudillo caudillo

Cultural CharacteristicsCultural Characteristics Indian civilizations--Aztec, Inca, Indian civilizations--Aztec, Inca,

MayanMayan African traditions--slavesAfrican traditions--slaves influences of European colonization--influences of European colonization--

SpanishSpanish predominance of the Roman Catholic predominance of the Roman Catholic

religionreligion rigid social structure—no movementrigid social structure—no movement

Colonial economiesColonial economies Most Latin America countries will gain Most Latin America countries will gain

independence by the mid 1800sindependence by the mid 1800s Era of dictatorshipsEra of dictatorships

caudilloscaudillos

Mestizos-European and NativeMestizos-European and Native location of settlements--coastal in South location of settlements--coastal in South

America (peripheral settlements) America (peripheral settlements) Megacities with large squatter settlementsMegacities with large squatter settlements rapid population growth & rapid urbanization rapid population growth & rapid urbanization

leads to lack of housing, jobs, stresses leads to lack of housing, jobs, stresses resources within cities…shantytownsresources within cities…shantytowns

out-migration causes lost of well educated & out-migration causes lost of well educated & skilled workers who could help solve region’s skilled workers who could help solve region’s problems)problems)

Cultural heritageCultural heritagemusic--African influences, music--African influences,

calypso, steel drum bands, calypso, steel drum bands, reggaereggae

traditional dancestraditional dancesSpanish and Portuguese Spanish and Portuguese

languageslanguages

Cultural landscapeCultural landscapepyramids and cathedralspyramids and cathedralshaciendas and haciendas and ejidos ejidos

(communal land)(communal land) ruins at Machu Picchuruins at Machu Picchu ruins at Tikalruins at Tikal

Latin Latin AmericaAmerica

in in Pictures Pictures

SquatterCity in Brazil

Native American Native American heritageheritage

Mayan

Inca

Inca Inca ChieftainChieftain

Steel Drums

Steel Drum Band

Cathedral in Mexico

Cathedral in Mexico

Macchu Picchuin Peru

Macchu Picchu is an Macchu Picchu is an ancient city that the Inca ancient city that the Inca claimed was the center claimed was the center of the earth.of the earth.

Tikal in Guatemala

ancient Mayan cityancient Mayan city

ceremonial and civic centerceremonial and civic center Tikal is the "New York City" of the Tikal is the "New York City" of the

Maya, its skyscraper-like Maya, its skyscraper-like pyramids soaring up out of the pyramids soaring up out of the jungle canopy.jungle canopy.

Gauchos in Argentina

ANDES

Peaks in the ANDES

Looking up

Inca city of Machu Pichu

Sierra Madres

Sierra rocky cliffs

Green slopes

Looking across the range

Amazon River Basin(dark green)

Amazon flowing through the rainforest.

Cattle on the Pampas

Shade trees on the llanos

A small pond on the llanos

Water fall in the forest

Atacama

Bahamas

Bahamas from space

The Beach

Warm Blue Water

FINFIN

Latin America--Test Latin America--Test ReviewReview

What is the main language of Latin What is the main language of Latin America?America?

SpanishSpanish

What is the main religion of Latin What is the main religion of Latin America?America?

Roman CatholicRoman Catholic

Name the major mountain ranges Name the major mountain ranges of Mexico?of Mexico?

Sierra Madre Oriental and Sierra Sierra Madre Oriental and Sierra Madre OccidentalMadre Occidental

What is the most important and What is the most important and populous region of Mexico?populous region of Mexico?

Central PlateauCentral Plateau

What do Tierra Fria, Tierra What do Tierra Fria, Tierra Templada, and Tierra Caliente Templada, and Tierra Caliente have in common?have in common?

All are climate zones from the All are climate zones from the Latin American mountain regionsLatin American mountain regions

What three native What three native civilizationscivilizations began in began in Latin America?Latin America?

Mayan, Aztec, IncanMayan, Aztec, Incan

Ancient Mayan ruins can be Ancient Mayan ruins can be found in which region of Mexico?found in which region of Mexico?

Yucatan PeninsulaYucatan Peninsula

Which native civilization was Which native civilization was conquered by Cortez and the conquered by Cortez and the Spanish in Mexico?Spanish in Mexico?

the Aztecsthe Aztecs

What three cultures make-up What three cultures make-up Mexico?Mexico?

Ancient Indian, colonial Spanish Ancient Indian, colonial Spanish and modern Mexicanand modern Mexican

What is an EJIDOS?What is an EJIDOS? Farmland owned collectively by Farmland owned collectively by

members of a rural communitymembers of a rural community

What is a HACIENDA?What is a HACIENDA? Large Spanish-owned estates of Large Spanish-owned estates of

land, usually run as a farm or land, usually run as a farm or cattle ranchcattle ranch

Who provided the labor on the Who provided the labor on the Haciendas?Haciendas?

IndiansIndians What is a mestizo?What is a mestizo? Person of mixed Spanish and Person of mixed Spanish and

native Indian ancestorynative Indian ancestory What economic alliance is Mexico What economic alliance is Mexico

a member of?a member of? NAFTANAFTA

What is an isthmus?What is an isthmus? A narrow strip of land with water A narrow strip of land with water

on both sideson both sides

What is the main economic activity What is the main economic activity of Central America?of Central America?

AgriculturalAgricultural

What does an unequal What does an unequal distribution of wealth mean?distribution of wealth mean?

Most money/resources Most money/resources controlled by a fewcontrolled by a few

Factors causing this…Factors causing this…

SocialSocial PoliticalPolitical EconomicEconomic Physical geography of the regionPhysical geography of the region

What do Cuba, Puerto Rico, What do Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and Hispaniola (Haiti Jamaica, and Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic) and the Dominican Republic) make up?make up?

Greater AntillesGreater Antilles What group was originally brought What group was originally brought

to the Caribbean to work on the to the Caribbean to work on the sugar plantations?sugar plantations?

AfricansAfricans

What is an archipelago?What is an archipelago? Island group or island chainIsland group or island chain What is subsistence farming?What is subsistence farming? Growing only enough for your useGrowing only enough for your use What are the tropical grasslands What are the tropical grasslands

of South America called?of South America called? Llanos and pampasLlanos and pampas

What is the predominant climate What is the predominant climate in Latin America?in Latin America?

Tropical climatesTropical climates Does Latin America have Does Latin America have

volcanoes and earthquakes?volcanoes and earthquakes? YESYES What do Ecuador, Venezuela and What do Ecuador, Venezuela and

Mexico have in common?Mexico have in common? oiloil

What is the main problem in What is the main problem in Mexico City?Mexico City?

Smog and pollutionSmog and pollution

What mineral resources does What mineral resources does Chile have?Chile have?

CopperCopper

What was the ancient South What was the ancient South American native culture American native culture conquered by Spain?conquered by Spain?

IncasIncas

Describe Latin America’s social Describe Latin America’s social structure.structure.

RigidRigid

What 3 things do most Latin What 3 things do most Latin American cities have in American cities have in common?common?

Coastal, megacities, squatter Coastal, megacities, squatter settlementssettlements

What is Macchu Picchu?What is Macchu Picchu? Ancient Incan ruinsAncient Incan ruins

What is the name of the ancient What is the name of the ancient Mayan ruins in Guatemala?Mayan ruins in Guatemala?

TikalTikal

Name the major mountain range Name the major mountain range of South America? Mexico?of South America? Mexico?

Andes / Sierra MadresAndes / Sierra Madres When it is summer in the US, When it is summer in the US,

what season is it in Argentina?what season is it in Argentina? winterwinter

What is the largest economic What is the largest economic activity in Argentina’s patagonia activity in Argentina’s patagonia region?region?

Cattle ranchingCattle ranching

What are Argentina’s cattle What are Argentina’s cattle ranchers called?ranchers called?

gauchosgauchos

Why is out-migration a Why is out-migration a problem for this region?problem for this region?

Losing people well educated, skilled Losing people well educated, skilled workers who could help solve region’s workers who could help solve region’s problems.problems.

What are the effect of What are the effect of rapid urbanization & rapid urbanization & population growth?population growth?

Lack of housing, jobs; stresses resources Lack of housing, jobs; stresses resources within the cities, lack of infrastructureswithin the cities, lack of infrastructures

Development of shantytowns, squatter Development of shantytowns, squatter settlements.settlements.