LATIN III EXAM

NOUNS:

Nominative:

• predicate nominative with passive verbs, e.g.,• appellō, fīō

Genitive:

• Possessive• quantity• partitive • with causā or grātiā• description • objective

Dative:

• possession • purpose and reference (double dative) • agent • with special adjectives, e.g., • amīcus, carus, similis• with special verbs, e.g., • imperō, pāreō, placeō, praeficiō, prōsum

Accusative:

• place to which (without prepositions) • object of prepositions, e.g., • apud• praeter • super

Ablative:

• place from which (without prepositions) • ablative absolute • description • separation • cause • SID SPACE

Locative:

• The locative case is used for names of towns, cities, small islands and the nouns domus, rus and humus and never use in or ad to indicate place where. The locative case never uses a preposition.

• Forms of the Locative Case• For first and second declensions, locatives resemble the genitive

in singular forms and the dative/ablative in the plural.

• For the third declension, the locative resembles the ablative in the locative singular and plural. Occasionally the locative singular may resemble the dative singular.

PRONOUNS:

• ipse, HIM/HERSELF• īdem; THE SAME• aliquis, SOMEONE/ANYONE• quīdam, A CERTAIN• quisque WHOEVER

ADJECTIVES/ADVERBS:

POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

BONUS/BENE MELIOR/MELIUS OPTIMUS/OPTIME

MALUS/MALE PELIOR/PELIUS PESSIMUS/PESSIME

MAGNUS/MAGNOPERE MAIOR/MAIUS MAXIMUS/MAXIME

PARVUS/PAULO MINOR/MINUS MINIMUS/MINIME

MULTUS/PAULUM PLUS/PLUS PLURIMUS/PLURIMUM

CONJUNCTIONS:

• sī, • nam, • enim, • igitur, • autem, • tamen, • neque, • ut

correlatives, • sīve...sīve, • vel...vel, • nec…nec• Et…et• Neque…neque• Aut…aut• Modo…modo

ENCLITICS:

• -ne, • -que, • -ve• -cum

VERBS:

• deponents • irregular,

• fīō, mālō, volō, nōlō• impersonal,

• oportet• irregular imperatives,

• dīc, dūc, fac, fer,

indirect statement with present and past tense main verbs

subjunctive mood

• hortatory, • jussive • indirect command, • purpose clause, • result clause, • indirect question • cum clauses

gerunds and gerundives,

• Expressions of purpose • (ad, causā, grātiā)

• Active and passive periphrastic • Expression of obligation•

IDIOMS:

• vītā excēdere, • in mātrimōnium dūcere, • cōnsilium capere • in animo vertit• Iter facit• Nomen est mihi• Gratias ago tibi

III. CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION

GEOGRAPHY:

• notable cities, regions, mountains, rivers, and bodies of water of Italy and the ancient world,

• Naples, • Alexandria, • Gaul, • Pyrenees, • Mt. Etna, • Nile, • Aegean Sea, • Black Sea

HISTORY:• Pyrrhus, Marius, Sulla, Pompey, Livia, Tiberius

GREATEST BATTLES OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC AND EARLY EMPIREYEAR PLACE WINNER LOSER

217 BC Lake Trasimene Carthaginians (Hannibal) Romans (C.Flaminius)

216 BC Cannae Carthaginians (Hannibal) Romans (C. Terentius Varro)

202 BC Zama Romans (Scipio Africanus) Carthaginians (Hannibal)

147 BC Carthage Romans Carthaginians

53 BC Carrhae Parthians Romans (M. Crassus)

48 BC Pharsalus Romans (Julius Caesar) Romans (Cn. Pompeius Magnus)

42 BC 2nd Philippi M.Antonius/C.Octavianus M.Junius Brutus

31 BC Actium Romans (Agrippa) Romans (M.Antonius)

AD 68-70 Jerusalem Romans (Vespasian/Titus) Jews

AD 83 Mons Graupius Romans (Agricola) Caledonians (Galgacus)

MYTHOLOGY:

• Greek and Roman heroes, • e.g., Perseus, Jason, Mucius

• Scaevola; typical Roman and Italian deities, • e.g., Janus, Vesta; origins and

• transformations, • e.g., Daphne, Pygmalion, Baucis and Philemon, Niobe

ROMAN LIFE:

• calendar terms, Kalends, Nones, Ides• Calends (Kalendae, Kalends) signify the start of the new moon cycle and

was always the first day of the month. It is derived from the Greek word καλειν, “to announce” the days of the full and new moon.

• Nones (Nonae) were known to be the days of the half moon which usually occur 8 days before the Ides.

• Ides occurred on the 15th day of March, May, July, and October, and the 13th day of the other months. They are thought to have been the days of the full moon.

• Each day was referred to by how many days it fell before the Calends, Nones or Ides. For example, March 11 would be known as “Five Ides” to the Romans because it is four days before the Ides of March (March 15)

• pr. (prīdiē), a.d. (ante diem); • pontifex maximus, augures; ceremonies, e.g., weddings,

funerals, triumphs

IV. LATIN IN USE

ORAL LATIN:

• e.g., Salve, salvete Hello • Quid agis? How are you? / What are you doing?• Quid est nomen tibi? What’s your name? • Vale, valete goodbye• Ita vero, Yes! • Minime, no!• Quid est? What is it? • Quis est? Who is it?• Gratias tibi ago, Thank you • Sol lucet, The sun is shining• Quota hora est? What time is it? • Adsum, I am present• Quid novi? What’s new?• plaudite omnēs; Everyone clap• mē paenitet; I’m sorry• ut bene scīs as you well know

DERIVATIVES:

co- together coauthor, coedit, coheirde- away, off; generally indicates

reversal or removal in Englishdeactivate, debone, defrost, decompress, deplane

dis- not, not any disbelief, discomfort, discredit, disrepair, disrespect

inter-

between, among international, interfaith, intertwine, intercellular, interject

non- not nonessential, nonmetallic, nonresident, nonviolence, nonskid, nonstop

post- after postdate, postwar, postnasal, postnatalpre- before preconceive, preexist, premeditate,

predispose, prepossess, prepayre- again; back, backward rearrange, rebuild, recall, remake, rerun,

rewritesub- under submarine, subsoil, subway, subhuman,

substandardtrans-

across, beyond, through Transfer, transitive, transition, transform, trans-Atlantic

EXPRESSIONS, MOTTOES, ABBREVIATIONS:

• Pyrrhic victory, • crossing the

Rubicon,• nōn sequitur, • ad hominem, • Q.E.D.• Amor omnia vincit• In vino veritas• Carpe diem

• Utile dulci• Semper fidelis• Caveat emptor• Post hoc, ergo procter

hoc• Per angusta ad augusta• Sic monumentis

requiris, circumspice• Aere perennius