Pre-IB English I Root WordsLatin Prefix(es)ab, a

LatinDefinition(s) Examples of Prefix(es)abstract, aversion, abject advent, accent, accelerate, affectation, aggravate ambidextrous, ambiance antecedent, antebellum biennium, bifurcate, bicarbonate circumnavigate, circumference collusion, coheir, consort, cooperate, compact contradict, contraband, counterfeit deplete, demerit, depress, defrost, decline, defunct different, disburse, digest dubious, duet, duplication effervescent, exhale, escape, extradition, eclectic extrapolate, extraordinary infer, induct, incarnate, illuminate, irrigate, imbibe insignificant, illiterate, irresponsible, impossible, imbecile, inappropriate, interchange, intervention, intercept intramural, intrastate, intramuscular millennium, millimeter

from, down, away

ad, ac, af, ag, al, an, ap, ar, as, to at, a ambi ante bi circum, circa com, col, con, cor, co contra, counter de di, dis, dif duo, du ex, e, ef, ec, es extra in, il, ir, im in, il, ir, im inter intra, intro milli, mille both before two around, about closely along, together, next to, with against from, down, entirely away, from, apart two from, out of, without beyond in, into, on no, not, without, non among, between within, inside of thousand

multi, multus non ob, o, oc, of, op, omni quadri, quadr per post pre pro, pur re retro se semi sub, suc, suf, sug, sum, sup, sur, sus super, supra trans tri ultra Latin Root(s) acerbus, acris, acuere aequare aevum

much, many not against, before, toward, for all, everywhere four times, four fold through, completely after, behind before before, for back, again back, backward apart, aside half under, less than, inferior above, superior, surpassing across, through three beyond, on other side of Definition(s)

multitudinous, multifaceted, multiply nonresident, nonconformity offer, omit, occur, obscene, oppress omniscient, omnivorous, omnificent quadriceps, quadrisect, quadrivium persecute, pilgrim, perfect, pellucid postdate, postdiluvian precedent, precept, preposition proceed, purport, pursue recompense, refine retrograde, retrofit seclude, select semicircle, semiprivate suffer, submarine, succumb, suggest soprano, superabundance, superintendent transcontinental, transit triangle, triceps, Triassic ultrasound, ultraconservative Example(s) of Root(s)

sharp, to sharpen, needle, acerbate, acupuncture, acuity, bitter acrimony equivocate, adequate, to make equal, even equilibrium age coeval, medieval

ager, agri, agro agere, actum, agitare alius alter altus ambulare

field to act, to do other, else other high to walk, to go

agrestic, agronomy agility, react, agitate alias, alienate altercation, adulterate altimeter, exaltation, alto preamble, ambulatory amateur, amiable, enamored animosity, inanimate, unanimous biennial, centennial, annual apparent, appearance, apparitor aptitude, adaptable, ineptitude aqueous, aquarelle arbitration, arbitrary arboretum, arboreal arduous, ardor artifice, artifact, artisan audit, audible augmentation, augur, august avionics, aviation, aviary, avian beatific, beatitude rebellious, bellicose benevolence, beneficent bonanza, bonny, bon voyage

amare, amor, amatum, amicus to love, love, friend anima annus apparere aptare, aptus, apere aqua arbiter arbor ardere artis audire augere avis beatus bellare, bellum bene bonus, bon life, soul, breath, mind year to come forth, be visible to fit, suitable water judge tree to burn art to hear to increase bird blessed, happy to wage war, war well good

brevis cadere caedere, cide canere, cantare, cantus capere, captum, cip, cept caput, capitis carnis cavare, cavus cedere, cessum centrum centum, centi cernere, certus civis, civilis clamare, clamor claudere, clausum clemens clinare colare colere, cultus coquere, coctum cor, cordis corium

short, brief fall to cut, kill to sing to take, hold, contain head flesh to make hollow to go, withdraw, move center hundred, tenth, ten

abbreviate, breviary recidivism, cascade, cadaver, decadent incision, pesticide recant, chant, cantata capacious, incipient, intercept participate, capable, captive, conceive, precept cape, chapter, biceps, capital carnal, carnival, incarnate, carnivore cavernous, cavity, excavate concession, recede, access eccentric, concentric, concentrate percent, centimeter, centurion

to see as being different, discern, secret, certitude to sift, distinguish citizen, community civic, city, civility

to shout, cry out acclaim, reclamation clarare, clarus, clear, to make clear clarify, clarity, declaration, claret recluse, cloister, enclosure, to shut, close conclusion mild, merciful to lean, slope to strain, filter to till, care, cultivate to cook, to mature heart skin, hide clemency, inclement clinometer, incline portcullis, percolate, colander cultivation, culture, cult precocious, concoction, cook courage, cordial, accord excoriate

corona corpus credere, credens crescere, cretum crimen cruciare, crux, crucis culpare cumulare curare, cura, curatus currere, cursus, cour dens, dentis deus, dei dexter, dextro dicere, dictare dignus dirigere, directus docere, doctum dominus domus donare, do dormire, dorm ducere, ductum durare, durus

crown body to believe, trust to grow crime, offense to torture, cross to blame, fault to heap up to take care of, concern to run, go tooth god right, right hand to speak, say worthy, fitting, suitable to direct to teach lord, master a dwelling, home to give, to forgive to sleep to lead, take, bring to harden, hard

corona, coronation, coronary corporation, corporeal credentials, credit, incredible crescendo, concretism, accretion, increase criminology, incriminate excruciating, crusade, cruzeiro culpable, exculpate cumulative, accumulate curate, curious, manicure occur, precursor, concur, course denture, endodontia, dentifrice deify, deity, deism ambidextrous, dextrorotation abdicate, indict condign, dignitary dirge, dirigible, address-- -- -- ---see "regere" below document, docent, doctrine danger, domineer domesticity, major-domo condone, donation, donor dormouse, dormitory abduct, seduction, conducive, duke, education obdurate, duress

errare, erratum fabula facere, factum, fect, fic fallere ferre, latum ferrum fervere fidere, fidelis, fides filius, filia finire, finis, fin firmare figare, fixus flare, flatus flectere, flexus fluere, fluxum, fluctus foedus, fed fortis frangere, fractum frater fugere, fugitum fumus fundere, fusum generare, genus1

to wander, go astray story to make, to do to deceive, disappoint to bear, to carry iron to boil, glow, rage to trust, believe, faith son, daughter (respectively) to end, to limit

aberration, err, erratic confabulate, fable, fabulous manufacture, sufficient, facsimile fallacious, infallible, fail relate, confer, referendum ferrotype, ferric, ferrous fervor, effervescent perfidy, fiduciary, confidant filial, affiliation infinity, finite, confinement

to make firm, strengthen affirm, confirmation, firmament to fasten, attach blow to bend to flow league strong to break brother to flee smoke to pour fixative, crucifix, suffix deflate, inflation flexible, deflection, inflection confluence, fluid, effluvium, influx, flume confederacy, federation fort, comfort, fortify, force fraction, frangible, infringement fraternal, fraternize centrifugal, fugue fumitory, fumarole refund, diffuse, profound

birth, origin, race, species, generous, generic, gentle, genre, kind, to beget, produce engender, generation

gerere, gestum glomerare

to carry, to bear to form into a ball

belligerent, gesture, digest, gestation conglomeration, glomerulus incognito, cognition, ignorant, gnostic

gnoscere, cognoscere, gnarus, to know cognitum gradi, gressus, gradus granum, grani agreeable, favor, thanks gravare, gravis grex, gregis, gregar habere, habitum haerere herba hilarare, hilaris homo horrere hospes ire, itum, itineris jacere, ject, jactum2 jicere2 judex, judicare jungere, junctum jus, juris, jurare juvenis

to step, to walk, a degree progress, graduate, centigrade seed, kernel congratulate, gratitude, grace to weigh down, heavy flock, herd, to gather into a flock to have, hold to stick grass, herb to gladden, merry man granary, granule

aggravate, gravamen, gravid, grief segregate, congregation gregarious habit, inhibit coherence, adhere herbivorous, herbaceous hilarious, exhilarate homicidal, hominize

to shudder, terrible horrendous, abhor guest, host hospice, hostage, hostess

to go, journey, walk itinerant, transit, initiate to lie, cast oneself down, to throw to throw between judge to join reject, adjacent, eject interjection judicious, prejudice, judge conjugal, junction, joint

jurisprudence, abjure, law, right, to swear perjury, juror, injury, justify young rejuvenate, juvenescent

laborare lacto, lact lapis latus laudare, laudatum lavare laxare legere, lectum3

to work milk stone side to praise, glory to wash to loosen, widen to read, choose, gather law book free to bind tongue, language letter to place, place speak, talk to shine, light

collaborate, elaborate, laboratory lacteal, lactose lapis lazuli, lapidate lateral, bilateral, collateral laudable, allow lavender, laver, lavish, lavabo relax, laxity elegant, elite, collect, dialect, legend, select, election, neglect privelege, illegitimate, legislature, lex non scripta, legal libel, libretto libertine, deliberate, liberal allegiance, ally, oblige, ligature linguistics, lingual, language obliterate, literature, letter, literati dislocate, allocate, local soliloquy, loquacious, circumlocution translucent, Lucifer, luminous illusion, interlude, ludicrous lunate, lunatic, lunation, lunula magnanimous, Magna Carta

lex, legis, legalis3 liber liber ligare lingua littera locare, locus loqui, locutus lucere, lux, lucis, lumen

ludere, lusum, ludus to play, to mock luna magnus, magna moon great

malus, mal mandare, mando manus, mani, man mare mater to trade, buy

bad, evil, wrong to order, to command hand sea mother merchant, market

malevolent, malfeasance, grand mal mandate, commandment, mandarin emancipate, manifest, manumit mariner, aquamarine, mare alma mater, maternity

medius, medio middle mens migrare militare mille minimus, minor mirare, miror, mirari mittere, missum monere, monitus morbus mordere, morsun moris mors, mortis, mori mind to move from one place to another

medieval, intermediary mention, mentation migratory, emigrant

to serve as soldiers demilitarize, militia thousand least, small millennium, millivolt minimal, minimize, minute

to look at, to wonder miracle, mirage, admiral at emissary, remit, admittance, to send, let, go commissary to warn disease to bite manners, customs deather, to die monitor, admonition morbid, morbilli morsel, remorse, mordacious morality, mores post-mortem, mortgage, mortmain locomotive, motion, motor multiply, multimedia molt, mutation

movere, motus to move multus mutare, much, many to change

mutatum nascor, natus to bear, to born native, prenatal, nature, renaissance negation, abnegate annihilate, nil innocent, innocuous, obnoxious nominate, misnomer, nomenclature normative, enormity notation, notary, connotation renovate, novice, nova equinox, noctuid annul, nullifidian enumerate, supernumerary, numerology nuncio, renounce monocle, binocular magnum opus, opera, operative

negare, negatus to deny nihil nocere nominare, nomen, nominis norma notare novus nox, noct nullus numerus nuntiare, nuntius oculus opus, operari parare, par, pari passus, pati pater pax, pacis pedis, pes nothing to harm, injure to name, name rule to mark, note new night none number to report, tell, messenger eye work, to work

to make equal, equal disparate, parity, peer suffer father peace foot patient, passive paternoster, patronize pacific, appease expedition, pedicel compel, expel, propellant, pulsate impending, compendium, appendage, expenditure

pellere, pulsus to drive, driven pendere, pensare, pendulus to weigh, hang, weight

petere placare, placidus, placere plaudere, plauseum plenus plere, pletum plicare, plicatum, plicit, ply plus, pluris ponere, positum populus portare, port portio

to rush at, seek

impetuous, petulant, petition

to soother, gentle, to placate, implacable, placebo, please please to clap, applaud full to fill to fold more to place people to carry share, portion plaudit, implode plenipotentiary, replenish, plenty expletive, replete reply, implicate, complicate, explicate, plait pluriaxial, plurality, surplus position, opposite, depot popularity, populace portage, export apportion, proportion potentate, potentiometer apprentice, reprehensible depress, oppress, impress depreciation, precious, price primordial, prima facie privilege, deprive probation, prove approximate, proximity repugnant, pugilist

potens, potentis powerful prehendere, prehensum pressus pretiare, prec primus, primatis privare probare, probatum proximus to seize, take hold pressed down to value first separate, peculiar to prove, test nearest

pugil, pugnare boxer, to fight to clean

purge, purgatory, expurgation

putare quaerere, quaesitus radius radix rapere ratus regere, rectus4 regere, rex, regis4 ridere, risum rogare, rogatum rotare, rotatus, rota rumpere, ruptus sacer, sacrare5 sagax, sagacis, sapare sal salire, saltum salvare sanctus5 sanguis sanitas, sanatorius satis, satiare scandere scire, sciens

to think, estimate to ask, seek ray root to seize fixed by calculation

computer, reputation exquisite, inquisition, conquer, quest radiation, radian radicle, radical, eradicate rapture, surreptitious, usurp, ravish reason, ration

right, to make straight erect, rectitude, rectus to rule, king to laugh to ask to turn, wheel, turned to break, broken holy, to make holy wise, to taste, know salt to leap, jump to save holy blood health, healthy enough, to fill full to climb to know, knowing regency, regal, corrigible, regimen, direct, rule, regular derision, ridicule arrogance, rogation, interrogate rotation, rotary, rotor rupture, interrupt consecrate, sacrifice, sacrarium sage, sagacious, sapient salimeter, saline sally, saltatory, resile, result save, salvation, salvage sanctity, sanctuary, sacrosanct sangria, sanguine, consanguinity sanitation, sanitarium sated, insatiable, satisfaction ascend, descendant, ascension omniscient, science

scribere, script secare, sect sedere, sess seminare, semen sentire, sensum sepsis sequens, sequi signare, signum similare, simulare socius, sociare sol solare, solus solvere, solutum somnus sonus sors, sortis specere, spectum, spic spirare spondere, sponsus stare, stet, stat stellare, stella stringere, strictum

to write, the thing written to cut to sit to sow, seed to feel, perceive putrefaction, poison to follow, following to mark out to make like, to feign companion, to join sun

describe, subscription, scribe intersection, secateurs sediment, sedan, session, president seminal, disseminate, seminary consent, sensible, sentient septic, septicemia, aseptic prosecute, second, sequential, pursue, non sequitur assignation, consignment similar, facsimile, simulation, assimilate social, society, association solar, solstice

to make lonely, alone solo, solitary to loose sleep sound lot, a share to look at, see to breathe to pledge, promise to stand to shine, star bind, draw tight solvent, dissolute, soluble somnolent, somniloquy dissonance, unison, sonorous sort, consortium perspicacity, specify, spectacle, retrospect, prospect, perspective spirit, aspirator, expire, inspiration, respiration, aspire spouse, correspondence stable, establish, statue, superstition, distant constellation, stelliferous astringent, constriction, strict

struere, structus surgere, surrection tangere, tactus tegere, tectus temperare, tempus tendere, tent tenere, tain tentare, tent terminus terra torquere, tortum tradere trahere, tract tribuere, tributus, tribus trudere, trusus toxicare, toxicum tumere turbare, turba unus, uni urbs, urbanus vacare, vacuus vagari valere, validum

build, arrange, pile up misconstrue, instruct, instrument to rise, risen to touch to cover, covered time to stretch, strain, thin to hold to touch, try limit, end, boundary earth to twist, twisted to deliver to draw, drawn to assign, allot, pay to thrust, thrust to smear with poison to swell to disturb one city to be empty, empty to wander to be strong, to have worth insurgency, resurrection tangent, tactual integument, detection, protect tense, contemporize, temper pretentious, tenuous, contend, tend, tense pertain, abstinence, tenacious, tenant tentacle, tentatively determine, terminator terra firma, terrace contortionist, extort, torsion, torque extradite, tradition, treason subtract, tractable, protract tributary, attribute, distribute intrusion, protrusile toxic, toxoplasmosis, toxicology tumescence, tumult, contumelious perturb, turbid union, unipetalous exurb, urbanologist vacuity, vacuous, evacuate extravagant, vagaries valor, valid, evaluate

velle, volens verbum venire, ventum vertere, versum verus vestire via videre, visum vincere violare, violatus vir vita vivere, vita vocare, vocatum, vox volvere, volutum vorare

wish, willing word to come

volition, velleity proverb, verbatim

revenue, convention, advent, contravene vertigo, verse, introvert, to turn, change, incline versatile, anniversary true to dress way see, look, provide verily, verify, very vestment, divest, investiture pervious, viaticum provident, visible, supervise

to overcome, conquer invincible, convince, victor to violate man life to live, life to call, voice turn to devour violation, inviolate triumvirate, virago vitality, vitamin revive, viviparous, vonvivial vociferous, convocation, irrevocable, revoke involve, revolt, devolve voracious, carnivore, omnivorous