l'avenir des églises charles suaud · sample of buildings on the national territory we will...

jeudi20.10.1614h30

SESSION 2Les enjeux dela reconversion

présidence :Jean-Michel Leniaud- École nationaledes chartes

320

Charles SuaudCentre Nantais de Sociologie

\ The challenging futureof church buildings in France. The strength of religiousheritage in a secular Society.

In a qualitative survey in the district of a town in the Loire Atlantique (Western France) which owns three churches and a chapel within its boun-daries, we addressed the reported attendance/non attendance and the inhabitants’ views with regard to the future of “ their” churches. We used three concepts : freeing the buildings from their traditional geographical boundaries, liberating the people from the authority of the church and thirdly, accepting cultural secularization. The recourse to political and architectural history explained the strong resistance to any change from religious usage to a wider social or other use. This common resistance is shared also by architects.

\ Le devenir problématiquedes églises-bâtiments,en France. La force deshéritages religieux dansune société sécularisée.

À partir d’une enquête qualitative réalisée dans une commune de Loire-Atlantique comptant, à la suite de regroupements territoriaux, trois églises et une chapelle, on dressera un état des usages et des représenta-tions des habitants à l’égard de « leurs églises » et de leur devenir, à l’aide de trois notions : déterritorialisation, désinstitutionalisation, sécularisation. Le recours à l’histoire politique et l’histoire de l’art fera apparaître la force des héritages symboliques sus-ceptibles d’expliquer les résistances à passer du constat des transformations religieuses à des choix ouverts quant aux usages à venir des églises-bâti-ment. Pour des raisons différentes à expliciter, ces résistances sont le fait aussi bien des habitants ordinaires que des professionnels de l’art.

COLLOQUE INTERNATIONALENSA LYON / 20 > 22.10.2016

\ L'avenir des églisesPROGRAMME

SESSION 1 / JEUDI 20 OCTOBREDes contextes de reconversion

10h Frank Proctor 2 \ The conversion of churches

in the mid-west of the USA10h25 Marie-Dina Salvione 3

\ L’architecture sacrée moderne,un chantier de (re)valorisation

10h50 Nawel Nessark et Mohamed Dahli\ La reconversion des églises : 4

l’expérience algérienne11h40 Corinne Roger 5

\ Une nouvelle vie sansdésacralisation : un exemple wallon

12h05 Gilles Maury 6 \ Entre simplicité et innovation,

la variété des reconversions d'églises dans le Nord […]

SESSION 2 / JEUDI 20 OCTOBRELes enjeux de la reconversion

14h30 Charles Suaud 7 \ Entre tradition et sécularisation,

les églises au défi du changement 14h55 Michel Steinmetz 8

\ Conversion et reconversiondes églises […]

15h20 Cécile Regnault 9 \ La nouvelle vie des cloches

16h10 Mélanie Meynier-Philip 10 \ Églises XXe, un manifeste

de flexibilité architecturale16h35 Maria Agostiano et Daniela Concas

\ Lo spazio architettonico 11 delle chiese ancora oggi/sempre luogo di aggregazione e puntodi riferimento per la comunità

17h30 CONFÉRENCE Bruno Décaris 12 \ Corps et âme

SESSION 3 / VENDREDI 21 OCTOBREDes stratégies d’intervention

9h30 Édith Prégent 13 \ Le "Plan églises" de la vallée

du Haut-Saint-Laurent. […]9h55 Flavia Radice 14

\ Conoscere per riusare. Un metododi analisi per l’approccio sistematico al patrimonio delle chiese dismesse

10h20 Luigi Bartolomei et Chiara Tiloca\ Il riuso delle chiese come nuova 15

armatura insediativa […]11h10 Aaron Werbick et Gerald Klahr 16

\ Meet ! Encounter ! Demonstrate !Transforming churches into new social spaces

11h35 Valentina Russo 17 \ Conflicting values or enrichment

of significances ? […]

SESSION 4 / VENDREDI 21 OCTOBREDes programmes pour reconvertir

14h François Gruson 18 \ L’église : histoire ou devenir

du temple maçonnique ?14h25 Claudia Manenti 19

\ Dalla morte alla vita […]14h50 Koenraad Van Cleempoel 20 et Bie Pievoets

\ A church as a place for prayer,study, and encounter: building on the concepts of Domus Dei, Domus ecclesiae & Domus Studiorum

15h40 Hanna Dölle 21 \ A church as a gallery for

contemporary art ? […]16h05 Catherine Titeux et 22 Michel De Reymaeker

\ La réaffectation des églises :réactiver - intensifier […]

VISITES / SAMEDI 22 OCTOBRE 23 Des projets de reconversion

PROPOSINTRODUCTIF

COMITÉSCIENTIFIQUE\ Jean-Yves Andrieux

Université Paris-Sorbonne

\ Carla BartolozziPolitecnico di Torino

\ Benjamin ChavardésÉcole nationale supé-rieure d’architecture de Lyon

\ Thomas Coomans de Brachène

Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

\ Philippe DufieuxÉcole nationale supé-rieure d’architecture de Lyon

\ Jean-Michel LeniaudÉcole nationale des chartes

\ Andrea LonghiPolitecnico di Torino

\ Philippe MartinUniversité Lumière Lyon 2

\ Lucie K. MorissetUniversité du Québec à Montréal

\ Luc NoppenUniversité du Québec à Montréal

COMITÉD'ORGANISATION\ Luc Bousquet, Benjamin Chavardès, Philippe Dufieux, William Hayet, Caroline Lacan, Mélanie Meynier-Philip

ENSAL\ Philippe Martin

Université Lumière Lyon 2

Si le fait religieux a profondément façonné l’univers occidental et son environnement urbain jusqu’à une date récente, la réutilisation du patrimoine religieux compte pour l’une des conséquences les plus immé-diates des évolutions sociétales contemporaines. Face au phénomène de sécularisation - qui entraîne la cession croissante de lieux de culte, leur transformation voire leur destruction - le patrimoine religieux doit faire face aux défis de la mutation fonctionnelle et architecturale dans des proportions inédites. Dans les décennies qui viennent en effet, plusieurs milliers d’édifices en Europe comme en Amérique du Nord devront être transformés pour de nouveaux usages. Alors que les logiques de reconversion et de transfor-mation des édifices cultuels sont à l’œuvre depuis de nombreuses années en Europe du Nord comme en Amérique du Nord, de telles réflexions demeurent encore largement embryonnaires dans les pays méridionaux de tradition catholique.

Ce colloque ambitionne d’une part, de poser les fondements d’une réflexion théorique à l’échelle internationale dans le dessein de mesurer l’ampleur du phénomène de désaffectation des édifices cultuels et d’en apprécier les multiples incidences religieuses et sociales, économiques et touristiques, culturelles et patrimoniales et d’autre part, d’étudier les modalités d’intervention et de transformation des églises.

jeudi20.10.1610h

SESSION 1Des contextesde reconversion


20

Frank ProctorUnited Church of Christ - UCC

\ Closing Churches in the USA Mid-west

In the USA Mid-west protestant churches with congrega-tional autonomy have closed 15% to 25% of their parishes within the past fifteen years alone; this trend, begun about 1980, continues to accelerate. How are churches disposing of their resources and buildings while still honoring the heritage and the sacred dignity which they bring to their community? How should we preserve or pass on the art objects, the liturgical vestments, banners and sacramental objects? This paper will report and describe how the expe-rience of Protestant Churches in the Mid-west of the United States can contribute to setting guidelines and protocols to address the consequences of contemporary decommis-sioning and reconversion of places of worship.

jeudi20.10.1610h25



30

Marie-Dina SalvioneEPFL - UQAM

\ The evolving challengeof recognizing sacred modernarchitecture in Quebec

Modern sacred architecture represents almost 40% of Quebec's sacred built heritage. The quantity and quality of these buildings show the meaning of our national Catholic past and the fast expansion of the liturgical renewal in the 20th century. Many of these buildings are important architectural testimony of the formal, technical and artistic innovations that were blossoming during this period. Therefore, the conservation of modern churches presents many original ques-tions. Our conference will tackle three of them by the means of specic and related knowledge : the indierence towards these buildings, the recogni-tion of their architectural specicities and the possible loss engendered by the maintenance or reuse of this built heritage.

\ L'architecture sacrée moderneau Québec, un chantierde (re)valorisation

Au Québec, l'architecture sacrée moderne représente près de 40% du patrimoine religieux. Par leur nombre et leur qualité, ces réalisations témoignent d'un passé catholique prégnant et de l'essor important du renouveau liturgique au XXe siècle. Nombre de ces édifices incarnent l'innovation technique formelle et artistique propre au mouvement moderne alors en plein essor. À ce titre, la sauvegarde des églises modernes pose des questions encore inédites. Notre communication s'intéressera à la constitution d'un savoir spécifique à trois de ces problé-matiques : l'indifférence que suscitent ces édifices, la méconnaissance de leurs spécificités architecturales et enfin la dénaturation qu'engendre la maintenance ou la reconversion de ce patrimoine bâti.

jeudi20.10.1610h50



40

Nawel Nessark et Mohamed DahliUniversité Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi Ouzou

\ The reconversion of churches,the algerian experience

The present contribution approaches the problem of reconversion of churches inherited from the colonial period in Algeria, estimated about 500 churches, and having undergone at the level of 65 % of the operations of reconversions who were endoge-nous 40%, 36% cultural, 8% of private order, 7% associative and finally about administrative and sanitary 5%. This work presents a panorama of the various types of reconversion and the main transformations those churches during these operations can undergo. The Algerian experience on the sub-ject, will allow us to estimate also the patrimonial, religious, social and urban incidences of these modications. Indeed, through the reading of a sample of buildings on the national territory we will present our conclu-sions as to the modications brought into buildings on their functionality and the symbolism. We will also try to put, the accent on the role and the influence of the sponsors ofthe operation.

\ La reconversion des églises :l’expérience algérienne

La présente contribution aborde la problématique de reconversion des églises héritées de l'époque coloniale en Algérie, estimées à près de 500 églises, et ayant subi à hauteur de 65% des opérations de reconversions et/ou réappropriation. La communication présente un panorama des différents types de reconversion qui étaient à 40% endogènes, 36% culturelles, 8% privées, 7% associatif et 5% admi-nistratifs et sanitaires. L'expérience algérienne en la matière, nous permet-tra d'évaluer les incidences patrimo-niales, cultuelles, sociales et urbaines de modifications apportées. En effet, à travers la lecture d'un échantillon d'édifices sur le territoire, nous présentons nos conclusions quant à l'impact de celles-ci tant sur les plans fonctionnel que symbolique. Nous tenterons de mettre, l'accent égale-ment, sur le rôle et l'influence des commanditaires de l'opération.

jeudi20.10.1611h40



50

Corinne RogerInstitut du patrimoine wallon

\ New use withoutdeconsecration: a case study in Wallonia

The Notre-Dame-du-Marché chapel (Jodoigne, XIVth century) experienced a long period of decline. The IPW, charged with saving it, studied the feasibility of combining a place of worship and cultural activities with a management committee. In Wallonia, public financing for restoration of religious buildings no longer allows the future of churches to be envi-saged. Multi-allocation opens up to new financial resources. There was nothing revolutionary about the cha-pel project, but it has demonstrated that it is not essential to deconsecrate.

\ Une nouvelle viesans désacralisation :un exemple wallon

La chapelle Notre-Dame-du-Marché (Jodoigne, XIVe siècle) a connu une longue déshérence jusqu’à ce que l’IPW, chargé de la sauver, étudie avec les acteurs locaux la faisabilité de combiner lieu de culte et activités culturelles, avec un comité de gestion pour garantir la multi-affectation. En Wallonie, le seul financement public de la restauration ne permet plus d’envisager l’avenir des églises.La multi-affectation permet de déga-ger de nouveaux moyens financiers. Sans être révolutionnaire, le projeta démontré qu’il n’est pas toujours nécessaire de désacraliser.

jeudi20.10.1612h05



60

Gilles MauryLACTH - ENSAP Lille

\ Innovation and disinclinationin the North

The religious architectural heritageof the Hauts-de-France region is unu-sually dense and the proliferation of churches built between the 19th cen-tury and the two post-war periods of reconstruction is particularly charac- teristic. From reckless demolition to the widest possible consultation, from community libraries to cooperative stores, recent examples in the region demonstrate the diversity of the decision-makers positions', between innovation and hesitation.Objective factors emerge from the analysis of these case-studies to explain the reconversion potential ofa church, and the necessity for classi-fication. The wide variety of situations as well as economic or technical diffi-culties must not prevent the drawing up of intervention criteria for these buildings, a tool for programme mana-gers and contracting authorities.

\ Innovation et réticencedans le Nord

Le patrimoine architectural religieux des Hauts de France est d'une richesse singulière, une de ses caractéristiques résidant dans la prolifération d'églises entre le XIXe siècle et les deux recons-tructions. De la démolition sauvage à la concertation la plus large, de la médiathèque de proximité à l'épicerie solidaire, les exemples récents dans cette région démontrent la diversité des postures des acteurs, entre inno-vation et réticence.Il ressort de l'analyse de ces cas des paramètres objectifs expliquant le potentiel de reconversion d'une église, qu'il importe de hiérarchiser. L'hétérogénéité des situations, asso-ciées aux difficultés économiques ou techniques, ne doivent pas empêcher d'établir des critères d'intervention sur ces édifices, aide pour lesmaîtrises d'œuvre et d'ouvrage.

jeudi20.10.1614h30


présidence :Sven Sterken- KU Leuven

70

Charles SuaudCentre Nantais de Sociologie

\ The challenging futureof church buildings in France. The strength of religiousheritage in a secular Society.

In a qualitative survey in the district of a town in the Loire Atlantique (Western France) which owns three churches and a chapel within its boun-daries, we addressed the reported attendance/non attendance and the inhabitants’ views with regard to the future of “ their” churches. We used three concepts : freeing the buildings from their traditional geographical boundaries, liberating the people from the authority of the church and thirdly, accepting cultural secularization. The recourse to political and architectural history explained the strong resistance to any change from religious usage to a wider social or other use. This common resistance is shared also by architects.

\ Le devenir problématiquedes églises-bâtiments,en France. La force deshéritages religieux dansune société sécularisée.

À partir d’une enquête qualitative réalisée dans une commune de Loire-Atlantique comptant, à la suite de regroupements territoriaux, trois églises et une chapelle, on dressera un état des usages et des représenta-tions des habitants à l’égard de "leurs églises" et de leur devenir, à l’aide de trois notions : déterritorialisation, désinstitutionalisation, sécularisation. Le recours à l’histoire politique et l’histoire de l’art fera apparaître la force des héritages symboliques sus-ceptibles d’expliquer les résistances à passer du constat des transformations religieuses à des choix ouverts quant aux usages à venir des églises-bâti-ment. Pour des raisons différentes à expliciter, ces résistances sont le fait aussi bien des habitants que des professionnels de l’art.

jeudi20.10.1614h55



80

Michel SteinmetzUMR 8167 Orient et Méditerrannée - Université Paris-Sorbonne - Paris IV

\ Conversion and reconversionof the churches - analysisof paradigm changes

The talk will try to propose a reflexive process: consider the future of churches from their symbolic stren-gth, and confront the latter with the ecclesial speech. Later, after having reviewed a certain number of symp-toms (like the change from a rural Christianity to an urban one, the voca-tions crisis, and the dioceses reorga-nization) it will analyze a double of paradigm changes. Indeed, further to the Vatican council II, the perception of the Church by itself and particularly as a community changes, as in France the schema of thought remains the image of a village with a bell tower in tis center. Finally, the study will dare to propose a change regarding the future of churches: before considering their reconversion, it would be advi-sable to envisage first their conver-sion, in adequacy with the new order of their vocation at the very heardof the scenery.

\ Conversion et reconversiondes églises - analyse dela mutation de quelquesparadigmes

Le propos tentera de proposer un process réflexif : envisager l’avenir des églises à partir de leur force sym-bolique et la confronter au discours ecclésial. Après avoir passé en revue un certain nombre de symptômes (passage d’un christianisme rural à un christianisme urbain ; crise des voca-tions ; réorganisation des diocèses), l’auteur analysera un double change-ment de paradigmes. En effet, suite au concile Vatican II, la perception de l’Église par elle-même notamment dans la notion de communauté évolue alors que demeure comme schème de pensée, au moins en France, l’idée d’un village avec en son centre son clocher. Enfin, l’étude osera proposer un changement quant à l’avenir des églises : avant de parler de leur reconversion, il conviendrait d’envisager d’abord leur conversion, en adéqua-tion avec la donne nouvelle de leur vocation au cœur du paysage.

jeudi20.10.1615h20



90

Cécile RegnaultEVS-LAURE - ENSA Lyon

\ The new life of bells

The art of campanology is little explored in architecture. The subject is moreover curiously evaded pro-jects of reconversion. Yet, the keen archaeologists of campanologie give evidence of the presence of bells in the Christian churches from the VIth century. They are an integral part of the religious architecture and the areas of influence of the sacred places which it sets the tone. The ill-defined status of the bell, between movable and immoveable, between material and immaterial heritage, is generative of atmosphere far beyond the limits of the religious community which it identifies. By questioning the use of bells as sound paradigm this commu-nication tries to theorize about the ambiances design of the religious building’s transformation.

\ La nouvelle vie des cloches

Le campanaire est un art peu exploré en architecture. Le sujet est d’ailleurs curieusement éludé des projets de reconversion. Or, les archéologues férus de campanologie attestent de la présence de cloches dans les églises chrétiennes dès le VIe siècle. Elles font partie intégrante de l’architecture cultuelle et des aires d’influence des lieux sacrés à qui elle donne le ton. Objet au statut ambigu, entre mobilier et immobilier, entre patrimoine maté-riel et immatériel, la cloche est géné-ratrice d’atmosphère bien au delà des limites de la communauté religieuse qu’elle identifie. Elle qualifie la culture sonore des territoires. En questionnant l’usage des cloches comme paradigme sonore cette communication tente de théoriser la problématique des ambiances dans la transformation des édifices religieux.

jeudi20.10.1616h10



100

Mélanie Meynier-PhilipEVS-LAURE - ENSA Lyon

\ XXth churches, a manifest ofarchitectural fexibility -Study on the metropolisLyon Saint-Étienne

The inventory of the churches of the metropolis Lyon Saint-Étienne, highlights the conversion and demoli-tion issues: the majority of converted and closed churches were built after the Second World War. Nowadays abandoned by the cult, they are threatened by their modest materia-lity, although exemplar, which is not within the recognized heritage repre-sentations.Paradoxically, these "modern monuments" are distinguished by a higher conversion rate. Through these changes of use, don't these churches seem to show a potential for flexibility? Faced with the "lack" of monumentality, don't they now offer both the compactness and neutrality characteristics that the challenges of secularization and sustainable development underlie?

\ Églises XXe, un manifestede flexibilité architecturale -Étude sur la métropoleLyon Saint-Étienne

L'inventaire des églises sur la métro-pole Lyon Saint-Étienne, met en évidence des enjeux de reconversion et de démolition : la majorité des églises reconverties et fermées, sont édifiées après la seconde guerre mondiale. À présent délaissées par le culte, elles sont en péril de part leur matérialité modeste, bien qu'exemplaire, qui ne rentre pas dans les représentations patrimoniales reconnues.Paradoxalement, ces "monuments modernes" se démarquent par un taux de reconversion plus important. À travers ces changements d'usages, ces églises ne semblent-elles pas manifester un potentiel de flexibilité ? Face au "manque" de monumentalité, n'offrent-elles pas aujourd'hui les caractéristiques de compacité, de neutralité que les enjeux de sécula-risation et de développement durable sous-tendent ?

jeudi20.10.1616h35



110

Maria Agostiano et Daniela ConcasMinistero dei béni e delle attività culturali e del turismo - MIBACTUniversità di Roma Sapienza

\ Today as in the past the archi-tectural space of the churches as a meeting place anda reference point for thecommunity

The incongruous use has been among the main causes of damage of reli-gious architecture, deprived of its symbolic values and reduced to a mere container of activities. In choo-sing the possible new uses of places of worship, the more we will be close to a public activity (cultural, institu-tional and scientic), connected with the memory of the church as a mee-ting place, the more the new function will conform to the original typology. This new destination will ensure the building's role as a reference point for the local community. At the same time the works to do for the functional adjustment will not damage the func-tional and distributive hierarchy of the spaces as well as the readability of the architectural space.

\ Lo spazio architettonicodelle chiese ancora oggi/sempre luogo di aggregazionee punto di riferimento perla comunità

L'uso incongruo e stato tra le principali cause di danneggiamento dell'archi-tettura religiosa, privata dei suoi valori simbolici e ridotta a mero contenitore di attività. Nella scelta delle possibili nuove destinazioni d'uso degli edifici di culto, quanto piu ci si avvicinera al mantenimento di una attività pubblica (culturale, istituzionale e scientifica), connessa con la memoria della chiesa quale luogo di aggregazione, tanto meglio ci si adattera alla loro tipologia. Tale nuova destinazione fara si che l'edificio continui a mantenere il ruolo di punto di riferimento per la comunità locale. Allo stesso tempo gli interventi da eseguire per l'adeguamento fun-zionale permetteranno di conservare la gerarchia funzionale e distributiva degli spazi, nonche la lettura spaziale dell'ambiente architettonico.

jeudi20.10.1617h30

CONFÉRENCE 120

Bruno DécarisOpus 5 architectes

\ Corps et âme

Bruno Decaris s’est particulièrement distingué par des programmes d’équipements à vocation culturelle, destinés souvent à la musique mais encore au livre. Comme architecte en chef des monuments historiques, il est également intervenu sur des édifices insignes dans le dessein d’insérer des programmes contemporains ; nombre de ses réalisations étant devenues de véritables références en la matière. L’agence Opus5 architectes a reçu le prix Architecture Bretagne 2010 pour une maison indi-viduelle, le prix Europa Nostra 2011 pour l’installation de l’Institut mémoires de l’édition contemporaine à l’abbaye d’Ardenne à Saint-Germain-la-Blanche-Herbe (Calvados) et le prix Wan Awards pour la restructuration de l’ancien couvent des pénitents en école de musique de Louviers. Bruno Decaris intervient également dans le cadre des concours d’architecture publique comme architecte consultant de la MIQCP. Il a enseigné successivement à l’École d’architecture de Paris-La Défense, à L’École de Paris-Malaquais, à l’École d’architecture de Nancy, au Centre d’études supérieures d’histoire et de conserva-tion des monuments anciens et ainsi qu’à l’Université du Liban-Tripoli.

vendredi21.10.169h30

SESSION 3Des stratégiesd’intervention

présidence :Andrea LonghiPolitecnico di Torino

130

Édith PrégentChaire de recherche du Canada en patrimoine urbain ESG-UQAM

\ The "Churches Plan" of theHaut-Saint-Laurent Valley. Beyond conversion: issues and challenges with thepreservation of Quebec’sclassified churches

In Quebec, churches are private property and today’s reality of neglect indicates owners are no longer able to sustain and maintain their future. This situation affects particularly classified churches known for their national si-gnificance but without sufficient legal protection to ensure their sustainabi-lity. These Gesamtkuntswerk remain powerful indications of a religious presence that forged Quebec’s culture and this is why the "Churches Plan" grants them particular attention. The proposed strategies aim for a new he-ritage evaluation and selection based upon the concept of a total work of art, legal modifications favoring the site as a whole and ownership change.

\ Le "Plan églises" de la valléedu Haut-Saint-Laurent.Au-delà de la conversion :les enjeux et défis de la préservation des églises classées du Québec

Au Québec, les églises sont des pro-priétés privées et le phénomène actuel de délaissement démontre que les propriétaires ne sont plus en mesure d’en assurer le maintien et l’avenir. Cette situation affecte particulière-ment les églises classées qui, bien que reconnues d’importance nationale, ne bénéficient pas d’une protection légale suffisante pour assurer leur pérennité. Ces Gesamtkuntswerk demeurent de puissants révélateurs du fait religieux qui a forgé la culture du Québec et c’est pourquoi, le "Plan églises" leur accorde une attention particulière. Les stratégies propo-sées visent une nouvelle évaluation et sélection patrimoniale préconisant le concept d’œuvre d’art totale, des modifications législatives privilégiant l’intégralité du lieu ainsi qu’un changement de propriété.




140

Flavia RadicePolitecnico di Torino - DIST

\ To know to reuse. An ana-lytical method for a systemic approach to the heritage of dismissed churches

The issue addressed by the confe-rence is of great interest and also of scarce deepening in Italy, where the absence of strategies in the manage-ment of dismissed churches emerges. It prevails, indeed, a tendency to deal with this problem by individual cases, without an overall view that returns the complexity and the opportunity to intervene. In this context arise difficul-ties such as a non-depth knowledge of which and how many are these churches, and their state of conserva-tion. With the belief that a systemic approach could result successful, it is presented here in an urban scale ana-lysis method that returns a compre-hensive picture of concrete casuistry, in order to promote the wise manage-ment of the future of the churches.

\ Conoscere per riusare.Un metodo di analisiper l’approccio sistematicoal patrimonio delle chiese dismesse

La problematica oggetto del convegno è tanto di indubbio interesse quanto di relativamente scarso approfondi-mento in Italia, dove emerge l’assenza di strategie nella gestione del patrimo-nio di chiese dismesse. Prevale infatti la tendenza a fronteggiare il problema per singoli edifici, senza una visione d’insieme che restituisca la comples-sità e l’opportunità di intervenire. In questo contesto si pongono difficoltà quali la non precisa conoscenza di quali e quante siano queste chiese, oltre che il loro stato conservativo. Con la convinzione che un approccio sistemico possa risultare vincente, viene qui presentato un metodo di analisi a scala urbana che restituisca un quadro esaustivo della casistica concreta, al fine di favorire una ges-tione saggia dell’avvenire delle chiese.




150

Luigi Bartolomei et Chiara TilocaUniversità di Bologna - Centro Studi Cherubino Ghirardacci

\ Church reuse as a new dwel-ling armour Statistical-Territorial surveys fora management projectof the religious buildingsin Bologna's diocese

In the italian peninsula territorial sur-veys demonstrate the highest density of churches to be in the mountains, while the highest presence of priests is in the cities, so that areas with the majority of churches are also the ones with the lowest number of priests. Starting from statistical territorial analysis at the national level, this paper examines the diocese of Bologna which mirrors the national trends. Closed, underused or abandoned churches exhibit their maximum density in the mountains, occurring at an average street distance of 5 km from one another: a potential impor-tant network of public spaces for areas in dwelling abandonment. A critical analysis of the few existing cases of systemic reuse of redundant churches demonstrates that the selection of new functions entails a conception of the territory as an inte-grated reality, as an overlap of the envi-ronmental framework, services offered to the population, and of all the activities of social and economical stakeholders. The-refore programs for the reuse of churches sustain and presume the idea of territory as a community. Effective and long-term new uses for redundant churches are therefore the result of a relational dynamic within the territorial community itself.

\ Il riuso delle chiese comenuova armatura insediativa. Rilievi statistico-territoriali per un piano di gestionedegli edifici di culto della diocesi di Bologna

Nella penisola italiana recenti analisi sta-tistico territoriali dimostrano che la più alta densità delle chiese si trova nei contesti montani, mentre la maggior presenza clericale si concentra nei contesti urbani. Accade così che le aree con il maggior numero di chiese siano anche quelle con il minor numero di sacerdoti. Partendo da una analisi condotta a scala nazionale, questo contributo intende esaminare particolarmente la diocesi di Bologna che rifflette il dato nazionale. Le chiese chiuse, sotto-utilizzate o abbandonate si concen-trano nella porzione montana della diocesi e presentano una distanza stradale media di 5km: una possibile rete di spazi pubblici molto importante per territorio in deca-dimento abitativo. Un'analisi critica dei pochi casi di riuso sistematico delle chiese in sovrannumero dimostra come le ipotesi di riuso comportino una concezione del territorio come una realta integrata, come di una sovrapposizione tra il livello ambien-tale, quello dei servizi offerti alla popola-zione e quello descritto dalle attività degli operatori economici e sociali che agiscono nel territorio. I programmi di riuso delle chiese sostengono e al contempo presup-pongono l'idea del territorio come comu-nità. In una prospettiva di relazione entro la comunità territoriale si possono indivi-duare nuovi usi ecaci e di lungo periodo.




160

Aaron Werbick et Gerald KlahrUnited Church of Christ - UCC

\ Meet! Encounter! Demonstrate! Transforming churches into new social spaces

Based on Reversed Construction, a ten year project within the church of St. Martin in Stuttgart-Nord, we would like to present how participatory engagement and critical spatial practice can develop concrete social spaces and ultima-tely lead to sustainable modifications and conversions of churches. Conceptually referencing Giovanni B. Nolli's ich-nographic plan of Rome from 1748, in which sacred spaces in particular are considered as public spaces, we would define todays churches as exible, non-hierarchical, functio-nal and thematically accessible zones. In our presentation, we would like to present a method of allowing churches to both evolve and fulll their social responsibility, making an important contribution to their urban environment.




170

Valentina RussoUniversità di Napoli Federico II - Dipartimento architettura

\ Conflicting values or enrichment of significances? Reuse of religious built heritage and dialectics between oldand new in some recent Italian experiences

Starting from churches’ reuse experiences for social and cultural purposes carried out in Italy during the last two decades, the paper deepens the sometimes conflicting in-terlacement between intrinsic intangible values of churches and design contemporary solutions. The contemporary reuse is put in relation to conceptual issues: i.e., old and contemporary (relative) aesthetics, visual and psychological values, balance between new addictions, figural qualities and intrinsic values, stratification and "musealization", sensitive involvement and transformation. Through interpretative categories, the paper evidences recurrent criticalities and potentialities of the change of use in religious heritage when it is able to transform conflicting values into an opportunity of enrichment of significances for a "dismissed" built heritage.

vendredi21.10.1614h

SESSION 4Des programmes pour reconvertir

présidence :Benjamin ChavardésEVS-LAURE - ENSAL

180

François GrusonENSA Paris-Malaquais

\ Churches: past or futureof Masonic Temples?

Masonic temples are an architec-tural model forged from rituals that themselves plunge theirs roots in the biblical tradition. Similarly, churches as architectural type rely on liturgies that tap into the same tradition. From this point of view, it is not surprising that, in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, many abandoned churches and chapels, in France or Italy, were converted Masonic temples. A the op-posite, the alienation of the American lodges causes massive drop Masonic temples which, in turn, are converted into churches, mostly devoted to emerging cults. From this perspective, churches are sometimes the past, but also an opportunity being a future for Masonic temples…

\ L’église : histoire ou devenirdu temple maçonnique ?

Les temples maçonniques constituent un modèle architectural forgé à partir de rituels qui, eux-mêmes, plongent leurs racines dans la tradition biblique. De même, les églises, en tant que type architectural, s'appuient sur des liturgies qui puisent dans cette même tradition. De ce point de vue, il n'est pas surprenant que, au cours des XIXe et XXe siècles, nombre d'églises ou de chapelles désaffectées aient été, en France ou en Italie, converties en temples maçonniques. À l'opposé, on constate que la désaffection des loges outre-Atlantique provoque des aban-dons massifs de temples maçonniques qui, à leur tour, sont reconvertis en églises, le plus souvent consacrées à des cultes émergents. De ce point de vue, les églises sont parfois le passé, mais aussi l'occasion d'un devenir pour les temples maçonniques…




190

Claudia ManentiCentro studi per l’architettura sacra e la città

\ From death to life

Historic churches in catholic western world are cemeteries, too and some abandoned religious buildings may be developed into cemeteries. If poten-tials of such conversions are examined from legal, architectural and social points of view, their cultural and social values are high-lighted: collective ceremonies to keep memory of the dead in the towns' living tissue are made possible again. Today, burial methods, as well as cremation, enable to bring grief into city's heart, thus making it a shared social moment. By proceeding this way, religious structures can receive nancial support and conservative treatment, while remaing at the same time a place for sporadic celebrations.

\ Dalla morte alla vita

Le chiese storiche dell'occidente cat-tolico sono anche dei cimiteri e all'uso cimiteriale possono essere oggi ripen-sati alcuni spazi di culto dismessi. Analizzando in termini legislativi, architettonici e sociali, le potenzialità di questo uso delle chiese dismesse, si evidenzia la portata culturale e sociale della reintroduzione della possibilità di una ritualità collettiva della memo-ria dei defunti all'interno del tessuto vivo delle città. Le attuali modalità di inumazione, così come la pratica della cremazione, consentono di riportare i momenti del lutto nel cuore delle città e all'interno di una socialità condivisa, contribuendo al manteni-mento economico e conservativo delle strutture chiesastiche e conservando la possibilità che in esse sia consentita qualche saltuaria celebrazione.




200

Koenraad Van Cleempoel et Bie PievoetsFaculty of Architecture and Arts, Hasselt University - UH

\ A church as a place for prayer,study and encounter:building on the concepts of Domus Dei, Domus ecclesiae & Domus Studiorum

This contribution presents recent work on a Gothic church in the medieval center of Mechelen (B). The city coun-cil wants a vision for a dual use. The main question was: what would be a suitable function that respects the religious and heritage values, as well as the historical meaning of the interior for the city of Mechelen. t was necessary to strike a new and intelligent balance between reli-guous, heritage and societal values. The spectrum of opinions of all the parties involved was very wide. Our methodology was threefold: 1. to start working with historical paintings, 2. with historical theological concepts (Domus Dei & Domus Ecclesiae) and 3. creating hand drawings to visualise in a ‘soft way’ possible future scenario’s.

\ Une église comme lieu deprière, d'étude et de rencontre : construit sur les concepts de Domus Dei, Domus ecclesiae & Domus Studiorum

Cette contribution présente un travail récent sur une église gothique dans le centre médiéval de Malines (B). Le conseil municipal souhaitait une vision pour un double usage. La principale question était la suivante : que serait une fonction appropriée qui respecte les valeurs religieuses, pa-trimoniales autant que la signification historique de l'intérieur de la ville de Malines. Il était nécessaire de trouver un nouvel et intelligent équilibre entre ces différentes valeurs. Le spectre d'opinions de toutes les parties concernées était très large. Notre méthodologie était triple : 1. Commencer à travailler avec des peintures historiques, 2. avec des concepts historiques théologiques (Domus Dei & Domus Ecclesiae) et 3. créer des dessins à la main pour visualiser, "en douceur", des scénarios possibles.




210

Hanna DölleUniversité Humboldt de Berlin Institut d'Art et d'Histoire Visuelle

\ A church as a gallery for contemporary art?The conversion of St. Agnes in Berlin-Kreuzberg

The talk focuses on the transformation of a former catholic church into an exhibition space for contemporary art. Since 2015, the Berlin-based K'onig Gallery uses the pre-mises of a post-war church building by Werner D'uttmann. The cubic concrete construction shows an infuence by Le Corbusier and is related to the style of Brutalism. After its demolition was discussed in 2003, it was preser-ved and declared as a historic monument. Together with the architect's office Brandlhuber; Emde, Burlon, the gallery owner decided to separate the monumental nave into two parts: A big exhibition hall on the first floor and a bureau combinded with an art storage on the ground floor. What were the major changes that made it possible to transofrm a church space into a gallery space? Which features of the architecture got invisible and which elements, in contrast, turned the building and its surroun-dings into a lively cultural hotspot?




220

Catherine Titeux et Michel De ReymaekerLIFAM, ENSA Montpellier - conservateur de l'Artothèque de Mons

\ Reconversion of churches:reactivate - intensifiate The artotheque in the chapel of Ursulines in Mons

The purpose of this communication is to prove that a theory of rehabilita-tion of places of worship can proceed only from experience, each church being specific. The basic principle of such a theory is the understanding of the complexity of "existing", from its multiple levels and temporalities. The typology, conguration in the urban fabric, the history visible in the physi-cal elements, the wounds of time and human action are the real substrate of the project. Especially for a church, its invisible history, and its symbolic meaning are strongly involved its identity and enrolled him in its cultural sustainability. Finally, no rehabilitation project cannot succeed without an appropriate program and an assertive architectural intervention. The chapel of the Ursulines (1710) converted into Artotheque and opened on the occa-sion of Mons 2015, european capital of culture brings together all these conditions.

\ La réaffectation des églises :réactiver - intensifierL'Artothèque dans la chapelle des Ursulines à Mons

Cette communication vise a prouver qu'une théorie de la réhabilitation des lieux de culte ne peut partir que de l'expérience, chaque église étant spécifique. Son principe fondamental est la compréhension des multiples niveaux et temporalités de "l'existant". La typologie, l'inscription dans le tissu urbain, l'histoire visible dans les éléments physiques, les blessures du temps et de l'action humaine, obligent a des choix qui peuvent eux-mêmes être inspirés par l'histoire invisible et la signification symbolique de l'église. Ces derniers niveaux participent for-tement de son l'identité et inscrivent le projet dans une durabilité culturelle. Enfin, aucun projet de réhabilitation ne peut réussir sans un programme approprié et sans une intervention architecturale armée. La chapelle des Ursulines (1710) transformée en Artothèque et ouverte à l'occasion de Mons 2015, capitale européenne de la culture réunit toutes ces conditions.

samedi22.10.16

VISITESProjetsde reconversion

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9h Église Saint-Bernard : projet de reconversionen centre d’affairesArchitecte : Tony Desjardins, 1859-1866Projet de reconversion : Charlotte Vergély, Alep Architecteset UrbanProject

10h30 Cinéma de la Duchère :ancienne église Notre-Dame de BalmontArchitecte : Pierre Genton, 1963-1965

11h45 Maison de l'enfance de la Duchère :ancienne église Notre-Dame du ChâteauArchitecte : Maurice Novarina, 1962-1963

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ENSA LYON - 3 rue Maurice Audin - 69120 Vaulx-en-Velinhttp://avenireglises.sciencesconf.org

l'avenir des églises charles suaud · sample of buildings on the national territory we will...

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