English_JUNE 2019Level B2 (for groups A/B)

THE SAMPLE OF LEXICO-GRAMMATICAL TEST – Level B2 (for groups A/B)

I. Fill in the gap with the word which best fits in the space:

1. If you hadn’t…. , you wouldn’t have missed the train. 1.be late 2. to be late 3. been late 4. being late 2. Would you mind … me something to wear tonight? 1. borrowing 2. to borrow 3. to lend 4. lending 3. The manager made the employees …. late. 1. to stay 2. staying 3. stay 4. leaves 4. You needn’t … me at the airport yesterday. 1. to meet 2. meeting 3. to has met 4. have met 5. I am used ….. up early. 1. for getting 2. to get 3. get 4. to getting 6. My grandma can’t stand people … a noise.

1. to make 2. making 3. make 4. to making

II. Fill in the gap with a proper word:

1.We have to cut …. our expenses.1.down to 2. down at 3. down 4. down on

2. She offered to pick him …. from the airport.1. in 2. at 3. up 4. with

3. I can’t put … with this kind of situation any longer. 1. for 2. from 3. out 4. up 4. The burglar managed to get … without punishment. 1. from 2. out 3. away 4. on 5. Go and find …. what’s wrong with her. 1. up 2. away 3. from 4. out6. Don’t forget to congratulate Mark … getting the prize.

1. with 2. about 3. in 4. on

III. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap.

Body language is a very 1.___ form of communication. Some 2. ____ expressions, in particular, can be understood all around the world. If we find something 3. ____, for example, we wrinkle up our noses. Anyone watching immediately knows how we feel. All people smile, and a smile is likely to get a positive 4. ____. It can, however, be obvious when you don’t mean it. When you 5. ____ smile, muscles around your eyes automatically contract, but these muscles are difficult to contract 6. _____.

1. a. effect b. effectively c. ineffective d. effective;2. a. face; b. facial c. facially d. facing;3. a. disgusted b. disgusting c. disgust d. disgustedly4. a. react b. reaction c. reactionary d. reacting.5. a. genuinely b. genuine c. genuinity d. ungenuine6. a. consciously b. conscious c. unconsciously d. consciousness

IV. Fill in the gap with the correct answer:

People appear 1. ... in different ways. Some people expect 2. … mistakes in their 3. … and are capable of 4. … from their mistakes. They don’t mind 5. … by their teacher and indeed ask 6. … corrected.

1. a. learning b. to learn c. learn d. having learnt;2. a. making b. to make c. make d. having made;3. a. studies b. to study c. having studied d. have study4. a. benefiting b. to benefit c. benefit d. to have benefited;5. a. correcting b. being corrected c. to correct d. to be corrected;6. a. being b. be c. to have been d. to be.

V. Choose the correct word:1. The …. for first class rail passengers will soon increase.

1. fee 2. salary 3. wage 4. fare2. They …. my mother for a famous actress.

1. mistook 2. confused 3. understood 4. misinterpreted3. The … traffic made him late for work.

1. full; 2. strong; 3. thick; 4. heavy4. In the quiet months owners of holiday apartment … them at a cheaper rate.

1. hire 2. borrow 3. lend 4. let5. The green skirt doesn’t …. your orange jacket.

1. agree 2. match 3. suit 4. fit6. She felt no great interest in Victor’s successes and dropped the … from her mind.

1. affair 2. business 3. matter 4. concern

Legal EnglishI. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word.1. Anyone convicted by a court has the right of _______ to higher courts against conviction or sentence.-appeal-allowance-demand-redress-request 2. An accused person is regarded as ______ until proved guilty.

-accused-free-innocent-suspect-convicted3. Anyone ______ with an offence has the right to legal representation in court.-suspected-sentenced-imprisoned-authorozed-charged4. The defence has the right to the last speech at a ____ trial before the judge sums up.-judicial-law-legal-jury-court5. In the UK typical civil disputes are those between tenants and landlords or those between employees and ________.-owners-workers-employers- bankers- producers

II. Choose the right preposition or article according to the contents of the sentences.6. The law prescribes criminal responsibility … military crimes.-for-to-with-of7. Courts are bound … the decisions of previous courts unless it can be shown that the facts differ from previous cases.-in-by-for-about8. An assassin murders … political reasons or reward.-for-in-to

-on9. In a civil lawsuit, a petit jury decides who is … fault and how much money must be paid in damages. -at-of-on-out of10. A stowaway is a person who hides … a ship or plane to get a free journey.-on-in-under-off

III. Find the proper Ukrainian equivalent to the underlined law terms.

11. Recently a salary arrears in this institution has doubled.- нарахування заробітної плати- невиплата заробітної плати- заборгованість із заробітної плати- зменшення заробітної плати- накопичення заробітної плати12. It’s about time you wrote a trial brief.- меморандум у справі (для адвоката у процесі)-записка у справі, подана відповідачем-записка самогубця-записка, що подається адвокатом до суду-записка відповідача13. Should there be many dissenting votes, the bill won’t be adopted.-дорадчі голоси-вирішальні голоси-голоси проти-голоси, які зберігаються-подані голоси14. A mercenary is a member of an army rather than a citizen belonging to a community.-найманець-найманий робітник-солдат-гендляр-купець15. The United Nations has taken measures to promote human rights.-відновлювати права людини

-визначити права людини-набувати права людини-сприяти захисту прав людини-зберігати права людини

IV. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate grammar form(s).16. He …. as a lawyer for ten years already and doesn’t want to change his profession.-works-has been working-is working-work-was working17. Everybody believes that the judge … his decision by the end of this month.-will make-would make-will have made-makes-has made18. He … according to the seriousness of his crime.-punish-will be punished-will have punished-shall punish-shall have punished19. The jury must ….. the discussion already.-have finished-has finished-finished-be finished-to finish20. They have no grounds for complaining. We …. the bill two days ago.-have paid-had paid-paid-were paid-are to pay

Legal EnglishI. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word.№ 520, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120A court must be satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that a defendant has committed the crime before reaching a ‘_______’ verdict. -innocent-non-guilty

-wrong-guilty-suspect

№ 521, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120 Most people are released on ______ after being charged with an offence.-bail-swear-oath- word-promise

№ 522, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120 People charged with serious crimes such as murder, manslaughter, rape and robbery are ______ in front of a jury. -judged-tried-convicted-charged-punished

№ 523, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120 A lawyer has the right to _________ prosecution witnesses.-cross-examine-examine-ask-demand-inquire

№ 524, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Judges do not merely _______ the law; in some cases they make laws.-use-have-apply-change-adopt

№ 525, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The doctrine of _____ is still a central feature of modern common law systems.-precedence-presidency-precaution-precedent-law

№ 526, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The spread of _____ law in the world is due both to the widespread influence of Britain in the world and the growth of the USA.-common-general-legal-civil-criminal

№ 527, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120 ________ systems are sometimes known as codified legal systems.-judicial-law

-doctrine-continental-contestant

№ 528, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120In order to separate the roles of the ______ and judiciary, it is necessary to make laws that were clear and comprehensive.-legislature-legitimacy-legislation-legislator-legality

№ 529, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The courts are able to ________ the constitutional legality of a law made by parliament.-change-challenge-reject-refuse-deny

№ 530, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The clear distinction between _______ and judiciary has weakened in many countries, where courts are able to challenge the constitutional legality of a law made by parliament.-legislature-legitimacy-power -legislator-government

№ 531, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120In many countries legislators wanted to break with previous case law, which had often produced ______ and biased judgment.-wrong-unbiased-incorruptible-dishonest-corrupt

№ 532, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120A shoplifter is a person who ______ from shops.-robs-steals-breaks-attacks-buys

№ 533, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120A ________ is a person who brings goods into a country illegally without paying tax.-mugger-robber-smuggler-pickpocket-burglar

№ 534, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The principle of separation of power was adopted in order to _____ the control of a state over its citizens.-strengthen

-weaken-emphasise-minimise-increase

№ 535, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120President of Ukraine is _______ by the people for a term of five years.-appointed-elected-chosen-applied-proposed

№ 536, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120It takes much longer to have a case heard in the Crown Court, but ______ prefer it because the case is decided by the jury, ordinary members of the public.-defendances-defences-defendants-prisoners-offenders

№ 537, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The ______ on a jury is compulsory and cannot be avoided without a good reason, such as illness.-work-service-job-practice-fulfillment

№ 538, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Such serious crime, like ______, cannot be heard by the magistrates and must go to the Crown Court.-murderer-killer-murder-robbery-forgery

№ 539, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The process of taking an action from a low court to a higher court may be __________ and very costly.-time-consuming-timely-time-worn-timeless-time-saving

№ 540, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120A terrorist is a person who uses _______ for political reasons.-violence-force-strength-effort-action

№ 541, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120 A _____ dealer buys and sells drugs illegally.-medicine-tablet

-pill-drug-cocaine

№ 542, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Juries _____ only in criminal courts.-resent-serve-speak-talk-work

№ 543, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The U.S. Supreme Court is the highest appellate court _______.-rank-instance-interval-chain-level

№ 544, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Most schools in many countries no longer have _______ punishment.-physical-capital-bodily-corporal-severe

№ 545, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Amnesty International works to release people imprisoned for their beliefs, to ______ the use of torture, and to abolish the death penalty.-reject-refuse-object-ban-abandon

№ 546, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Torture is defined in the 1949 Geneva Convention as the deliberate, systematic ______ of physical and mental suffering.-damage-infliction-pain-injury-wound

№ 547, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Sometimes ________ is used to extract information from prisoners, and sometimes for no other reason than to hurt and frighten them.-torture-force-action-suffering-deed

№ 548, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The police had enough _________ of John’s accomplice.-testimony

-information-explanation-proof-fact

№ 549, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120_______ punishment would be abolished in all countries if it hadn’t been serious crimes like murder and rape.-corporal-brutal-commuted-capital-cruel

№ 550, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Amnesty International works to _____ people imprisoned for their beliefs, to ban the use of torture, and to abolish the death penalty.-abandon-free-release-let go-make go

№ 551, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Death penalty is available in most states today for the most ____ crimes such as murder.-computer-attempted-serious-common-compulsive

№ 552, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120A burglar is a person who _______ into the house to steal.-rushes-breaks-enters-comes-goes

№ 553, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120A hijacker is a person who ______ control of a plane by force and makes pilot change course.-loses-spins-takes-does-makes

№ 554, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120 The verdict of a jury should be unanimous, though sometimes a _____ verdict is acceptable.-majority-minority-positive-negative-formal

№ 555, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The defendant was accused of ______ a crime by the jury.-performing-committing

-acting-doing-making

№ 556, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Prisoners of ______ are people who had never used or advocated violence and were simply in prison because of their political or religious beliefs.-conscience-military-war-secure-honour

№ 557, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Amnesty International works to release people imprisoned for their beliefs, to ban the use of torture, and to ______ the death penalty.-forbid-prohibit-abolish-suppress-bar

№ 558, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The accused was released on _____ after being charged with an offence.-word-promise -persuasion-bail-argument

№ 559, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The witnesses saw how the accident happened and gave truthful _______ to the judge.-information-evidence-fact story-description

№ 560, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120In a Crown Court trial there are twelve ______.-judges-prosecutors-jurors-barristers-lawyers

№ 561, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120When the police _____ somebody on suspicion of having committed a crime, they have to follow certain procedure. -arrest-pursue-hold-prosecute-chase

№ 562, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Unless the police obtain special permission, they are not allowed to ______ a person for more than twenty-four hours.-keep

-hold-save-detain-preserve

№ 563, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120In cases where a panel of magistrates (usually three) has decided somebody is guilty of a crime, they can also ______ a punishment.-impose- accuse-effect-set-put

№ 564, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Magistrates are just ordinary people of good reputation who have been ____ to the job by a local committee.-fixed-made-put-given-appointed

№ 565, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The members of the jury are not paid but they are given ____ while they are on jury service, which is usually for about two weeks.-money-payment-bonuses-expenses-costs

№ 566, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Unless the police ____ special permission, they are not allowed to detain a person for more than twenty-four hours.-achieve-obtain-reach-take-have

№ 567, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Magistrates, who are also known as Justices of the Peace, are not trained _______.-lawyers-practitioners-workers-specialists-executors

№ 568, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120It is the judge’s job to ______ a punishment on those found guilty of crimes.-force-impose-cause-fulfill -make

№ 569, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120

If it is someone’s first offence, and the crime is a small one, even a guilty person is often unconditionally ________.-left-freed-discharged-charged-imprisoned

№ 570, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120In Britain magistrates do not get salaries or a fee for their work, though they get paid _______.-money-bonus-payment-costs-expenses

№ 571, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Juries consist of ______ people selected at random from the list of voters. -twelve-fourteen-twenty-twenty-one-twenty-nine

№ 572, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120A convicted person may appeal to the Court of Criminal Appeal in London either to have the conviction _______ or to have the sentence reduced.-turned-returned-quashed-changed-confirmed

№ 573, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The duty of the judge during the trial is to act as the referee while the prosecution and defence put their cases and question witnesses, and to decide what ______ is admissible and what is not.-offence-evidence-sign-fact-proof

№ 574, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120A conditional ________ means that the guilty person is set free but if he or she commits another crime within a stated time, the first crime will be taken into account.-freedom-leave-charge-discharge-change

№ 575, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120In order a _____ to be reached, there must be agreement among at least ten jurors.-verdict-decision-opinion-thought-idea

№ 576, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120A convicted person may appeal to the Court of Criminal Appeal in London either to have the conviction quashed or to have the sentence ________.-cut-destroyed-reduced-changed-charged

№ 577, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120A guilty person may be set free and put on _______, which means that regular meetings with a social worker must take place.-improvement-period-regulation-probation-anticipation

№ 578, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120A very common form of punishment for minor offences is a _____, which means that the guilty person has to pay a sum of money.-fine-money-custody-payment-cost

№ 579, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The American Constitution is based on the doctrine of the ______ of powers among the executive, legislative and judiciary. -separation-distinction-division-measure-gradation

№ 580, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120In order for a verdict to be reached, there must be ______ among at least ten jurors.-consensus-understanding-opinion-agreement-decision

№ 581, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The duty of the judge during the trial is to act as the referee while the _____ and defence put their cases and question witnesses, and to decide what evidence is admissible and what is not.-prosecution-charge-accusation-conviction-charging

№ 582, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120A very common form of punishment for _____ offences is a fine, which means that the guilty person has to pay a sum of money.-serious

-small-minor-major-dangerous

№ 583, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Wherever possible, magistrates and judges try not to ________ people.-imprison-release-free-discharge-forgive

№ 584, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The only function of ______ is to present cases in court. -judges-solicitors-barristers-clerks-attorneys

№ 585, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120People who are sent to prison often get ______- of their sentence for good behaviour.-reduction-forgiveness-decrease-increase-remission

№ 586, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120There is no death penalty in Britain, except for _______.-treason-terrorism-spying-murder-hijacking

№ 587, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120There are two distinct kinds of lawyers in Britain: a ______ and a barrister.-attorney-solicitor-judge-clerk-secretary

№ 588, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120In order to make the arrest legal the police must caution an arrested person: ‘You do not have to say anything unless you wish to do so, but what you say may be given in _______.’-proof-sign-evidence-fact-offence

№ 589, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120One way to ______ the level of crime is to interview people and ask them whether they have been the victims of crime.-estimate

-judge-calculate-consider-regard

№ 590, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120There is no death ______ in Britain, except for treason.-penalty-punishment-nuisance-torture-visitation

№ 591, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120There are two distinct kinds of lawyers in Britain: a solicitor and a _______.-attorney-judge-clerk-secretary-barrister

№ 592, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120_____ is a sum of money guaranteed by somebody on behalf of a person who has been charged with a crime so that he/she can go free until the time of the trial.-bail-money-payment-bribe- gift

№ 593, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120It is generally accepted that in the last quarter of the twentieth century, the number of crimes has gone up because of a lack of confidence in the ability of the police to _____ criminals.-find-catch-capture-take-hold

№ 594, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The system of _____ in England and Wales, in both civil and criminal cases, is an adversarial system.-justice-judgment-treatment-fairness-refereeing

№ 595, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120For murderers, there is an obligatory life ______ in Britain. -judgment-decision-condemnation-sentence-punishment

№ 596, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120If the trail is to be heard, the solicitor normally hires the services of the other kind of a lawyer – a _______-.-barrister

-judge-prosecutor-juror-attorney

№ 597, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120One way to ______ the level of crime is to interview people and ask them whether they have been the victims of crime.-calculate-estimate-judge-consider-regard

№ 598, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The duty of the judge during the trial is to act as the referee while the prosecution and ______ put their cases and question witnesses.-guard-protection-security-defence-counterattack

№ 599, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The magistrate may decide that it is not necessary to hold the suspect in ______.-custody-control-arrest-order-view

№ 600, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Courts contribute to social stability by … disputes in the civilized fashion . -repairing-mending-solving-patching up-discussing

№ 601, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120A crime is a wrong which … against society . -is tried-is brought-is committed-is put-is resolved

№ 602, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120A court may sentence an offender to execution, … punishment or loss of liberty .-bodily-physical-corporal-fitting-live

№ 603, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The evidence is not sufficient to bring a … against him. . -information

-defence-persecution-prosecution-proof

№ 604, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120He refused to give … at the trial. -testimony-proof-support-beliefs-demonstration

№ 605, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120 An independent committee will look into alleged human rights … . -decisions-abuses-methods-judgments-conclusions

№ 606, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120She gave a somewhat … account of the proceedings . -discriminatory-biased-toleranted-conflict-confusively

№ 607, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120They are … the law by employing such young children .-amending-enforcing-breaking-observing-keeping

№ 608, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120When the judge had finished his summing up, he asked the jury to consider their … .-sentence-verdict-punishment-speech-record

№ 609, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120It is the duty of every state to … its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible for the international crimes . -fulfill-execute-exercise-make-comply

№ 610, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Weapons are bought not only by criminals but by … citizens to protect themselves.-law-creating-law-defying-law-abiding

-law-governed-law-drafting

№ 611, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The man they arrested last night has been … with murder .-accused-fined-charged-blamed-impeached

№ 612, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120In some cases tribunals fail to … the law properly .-create-apply-exploit-resort-amend

№ 613, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Under the UK judiciary system, everyone is innocent until proved … .-guiltless-not guilty-guilty-blameless-in the clear

№ 614, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120He sued the newspaper for … .-perjury-abuse-libel-embezzlement-extortion

№ 615, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120We saw … break into the house . -smuggler-thief-burglar-mugger-robber

№ 616, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The police suspect that he had a/an … .-conspirator-accomplice-plotter-right-holder-employer

№ 617, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The jury … him of the charge of murder.-acquitted-prevented-prosecuted-disrupted-detected

№ 618, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The police asked him to make a/an … .-account-statement-convention-remark-comment № 619, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The magistrate issued a/an … for his arrest .-authorization-permit-warrant-guarantee-licence

№ 620, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The police have appealed for … to the accident .-spectators-witnesses-onlookers-guard-aiders

№ 621, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120He may be prosecuted for … secrets about the security agency .-discovering-revealing-opening-finding out-expressing

№ 622, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The important constitutional principle that the king or Queen must … any legislation passed by Parliament is simply an unwritten tradition that has gradually developed over the last three hundred years . -certify-validate-approve-uphold-sustain

№ 623, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120There is a/an … in Britain about whether citizens rights would be better guaranteed by a written constitution or at least a bill of rights.-talks-debate-conference-negotiations-arguments

№ 624, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Some people argue that the … of an unwritten constitution is a good thing .-convert-flexibility-alteration-adaptation-versatility

№ 625, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120British Home Secretary … the television licences of people who had bought them early to avoid a price increase .-lifted-cancelled-validated-repeal-ban

№ 626, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Thirty police officers were brought to … . -procedure-trial-hearing-appeal-litigation

№ 627, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The police can … a private house without first obtaining a court warrant . -pursue-search-quest-hunt-look for

№ 628, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120They threatened to shoot him and … him of all his possessions . -plundered-robbed-mugged-stole-held up

№ 629, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The doctrine of … is still a central feature of modern common law system .-model-prototype-precedent-blueprint-template

№ 630, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Many case law systems have … of law that have been comprehensively codified .-subjects-areas-domains-sectors-specialties

№ 631, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Thousands of people came to pray at the shrine of the former archbishop of Canterbury who was … in the Cathedral in 1170 . -exercised-eliminated-murdered-slain-assassinated

№ 632, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The courts of common law and of … existed alongside each other for centuries .-equality-equity-fair play-fairness-justice

№ 633, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120One of the reasons for having special constitutional laws is to … governments from becoming too powerful . -avert-prevent-avoid-restrain-admonish

№ 634, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Nowadays a lawyer can … common law and equitable claims in the same court .-carry-pursue-support-conduct-contract

№ 635, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Differences in the way people are treated can be … as evidence of discrimination .-clarified-expounded-interpreted-concepted-repealed

№ 636, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The fifth amendment of the American Constitution, which … a witness from answering in court if he states his answer, might reveal his own criminal guilt .-acquits-exempts-discharges-releases-executes

№ 637, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Charlie’s been … from driving for a year . -released-banned-excluded-suppressed-interdicted

№ 638, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The state police are … the incident.-trying-investigating-searching-rehearing-considering

№ 639, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120He joined with others to start a … for prisoners of conscience . -battle-campaign-guard-drive-company

№ 640, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The group does not … the use of violence. -agree-advocate-assert-protect-sustain

№ 641, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120They were in prison because of their political or religious … .-teaching-beliefs-censorship-intolerance-liberty

№ 642, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120By gathering information, creating publicity and writing letters, Amnesty has helped to speed up the … of such prisoners all over the world .-exemption-release-excuse-discharge-removal

№ 643, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Not everyone agrees that merely being born as a human … entitles someone to certain freedoms and treatment . -freedom-nature-being-dignity-right

№ 644, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Many German artists … to America at the beginning of World War II .-broke out-escaped-fled-made off-took off

№ 645, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120They used torture to … information about their families .-find-extract-get-receive-gain

№ 646, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Magistrates are just ordinary people of good reputation who have been … to the job by a local committee .-elected-appointed-dismissed-nominated-designated № 647, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Governments make laws and the police … them.-perform-provide-enforce-assure-achieve

№ 648, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120One of the two accused men was … at yesterday’s trial and left the courtroom smiling broadly .-acquitted-convicted-charged-sentenced-adjudicated № 649, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Jack was arrested because he had entered the country … .-falsely-illegally-wrongly-incorrectly-lawfully

№ 650, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Sally didn’t realize that she had …. the law .-countered-broken-denied-declined-followed

№ 651, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The president admitted that there had been a breakdown of law and … . -crime-government-order-offence-resistance № 652, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Jim’s parents wouldn’t … him go to the demonstration.-agree-allow-let-permit-approve

№ 653, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Talking to other students is against the … of the examination .

-law-orders-rules-advice-endorsement

№ 654, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120I had to take the company to … to get the money they owed me .-court-justice-laws-orders-equity

№ 655, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The import of these products is … by law.-compulsory-prohibited-refused -admitted-authorized

№ 656, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Charles could not deny having been at the … of the crime .-location-square-scene-area -spot

№ 657, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The child was kidnapped by a notorious … of robbers .-crew-gang-staff-team-company

№ 658, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120He is … of murder .-charged-released-accused-forgiven-prosecuted

№ 659, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120She studied law and was called to the … .-notary’s office-Supreme Court-Bar-Customs-law-enforcing body

№ 660, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120He was arrested and then released on … by magistrates.-compensation-bail

-refund-rebate-award

№ 661, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The witness was visibly nervous before giving his … .-proof-testimony-facts-notes-observation

№ 662, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Under … he admitted being a drug user .-cross-action-cross-examination-cross-application-cross-complaint-cross- claim

№ 663, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The amount of … awarded to the plaintiff will be decided by the judge, not the jury .-damage-hurt-damages-injury-harm

№ 664, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120A … can advise on how you should act in this situation.-defendant-judge-juror-solicitor-plaintiff

№ 665, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Common law has been … by many Commonwealth countries and the USA .-adapted-selected-adopted-chosen-taken

№ 666, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120It is not necessary for a … to know anything about the law .-judge-juror-solicitor-barrister-advocate

№ 667, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120All … against police officers are carefully investigated .-accusations-complaints-information-libel

-slander

№ 668, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The police who were investigating the crime could find no … at all .-hints-clues-pointers-signs-suggestion

№ 669, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Nineteenth century Europe saw the … of several multi-ethnic empires . -rise-decline-increase-cut-origin

№ 670, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120It is not the job of the police to … justice .-apply-use-administer-hide-carry on

№ 671, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The company accused him of … his contract .-signing-breaching-respecting-following-making

№ 672, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The witness must have given … evidence at a trail .-artificial-wrong-false-fake-so-called

№ 673, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Punishment may be … only on a person found guilty of committing a crime .-enforced-imposed-applied-put-fixed

№ 674, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120She stole jewellery from the department store and was charged with … . -stealing-shoplifting-mugging-robbing-smuggling

№ 675, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120He broke into the house and was charged with … .-forgery-bigamy-bribery-burglary-perjury

№ 676, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Many of the President’s decisions and all new legislation must be approved in the Congress, which is … by the people .-appointed-chosen-elected-selected-resolved

№ 677, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The President is … to appoint judges to the court .-granted-allowed-empowered-permitted-qualified

№ 678, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The driver admitted that the accident was his own … .-misbehaviour-fault-wrongdoing-misdemeanor-transgression

№ 679, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The … Secretary is responsible for the prevention of crime offences, trial and treatment of offenders and for the prison service . -Defence-Home-Housing-General-State

№ 680, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120In a civil case, the party who take legal action against the defendant is called … .-solicitor-prosecutor-plaintiff-client-witness

№ 681, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The BBC received a stream of … about the programme .-injunctions-pleadings-complaints-goods-affidavits

№ 682, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120He issued a … against a newspaper .-brief-motion-writ-notice-statement

№ 683, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The Norman Kings sent travelling … around the country and gradually a “common law” developed . -people-folks-judges-musicians-salesmen

№ 684, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120A case is usually presented by the … .-barrister-prosecutor-defense attorney-solicitor-judge

№ 685, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120They are hoping for a … in their favour from the European Court of Justice .-verdict-decision-judgment-view-opinion

№ 686, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120In some countries such as France, the judges and jurors decide the … together .-case-charge-trial-lawsuit-claim

№ 687, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The court ruled that the child’s parents must share the … for the accident .-acquittal-blame-evil-cause-accusation

№ 688, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120A man is being held in police … in connection with the murder .-detention-guardianship-custody-confinement-cell

№ 689, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The new law on drink – driving comes into … next month .

-use-force-date-weight-condition

№ 690, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120After considering the case, the judge put the young offender … .-in treatment-on probation-in charge-in control-at interview

№ 691, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The … wanted to show that the legal rights of their citizens originated in the state, not in local customs .-lawmen-lawmakers-lords-law professors-law-manager

№ 692, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120They have imprisoned a/an … man .-pure-innocent-lovely-natural-insensitive

№ 693, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Having arrested someone suspected of committing a crime, the police decide if they have enough evidence to make a formal … .-impeachment-accusation-address-admission-notification

№ 694, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Some minor cases as parking violations, are dealt with only by the … .-jurors-attorneys-magistrates-solicitors-barristers

№ 695, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The rules of procedure and … determines the court that may deal with a claim or dispute, the form of the trial, and so on .-authority-jurisdiction-area-rule-power

№ 696, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Each court normally hears cases in … of three judges, but on occasion, a full court of nine judges will sit .

-bench-panel-board-group-list

№ 697, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Most countries have a formal written Constitution describing how laws are to be made and … .-compelled-enforced-compulsion-provided-secured

№ 698, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Juror must be men and women possessed of sound …, absolute honest, and a complete sense of fairness .-argument-judgment-law-precedent-title

№ 699, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120We are determined that the terrorist will not escape … .-penalty-punishment-retribution-award-reckoning

№ 700, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Every citizen has the right to an equal ________ before the law.-case-investigation-study-treatment-discussion

№ 701, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120People with low incomes receive help from various legal aid schemes to __________ the costs of the lawyer.-meet-pay-give-help-count

№ 702, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Strict rules exist to protect suspects against any ________ by the authorities.-offences-attacks-wrongs-blunders-abuses

№ 703, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120An arrested person has the right to consult a _______ in England and Wales.-prosecutor-judge

-solicitor-detective-policeman

№ 704, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120An accused person is regarded as ________ until proved guilty.-suspected-accused-convict-innocent-charged

№ 705, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120 A conviction can be ______on appeal if the evidence is improperly presented in court.-quashed-cancelled-annull-abated-avoided

№ 706, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Typical _____ disputes are those between tenants and landlords or those between employees and employers.-criminal-civil-labour-administrative-judicial

№ 707, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Nobody is above the law; public authorities can be successfully _____ in the civil courts.-sued-accused-convicted-suspected-detained

№ 708, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120England and Wales are known to have _____ many laws and legal principles that originated eight centuries ago.-kept-retained-saved-produced-adopted

№ 709, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The police must _______ a suspect before any questions are put for the purpose of obtaining evidence. -warn-tell-foresee-caution-explain

№ 710, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Police are strictly forbidden to use _______ to obtain answers from suspects.-violence-force-strength

-anger-energy

№ 711, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Most people are released on bail after being __________ with an offence.-blamed-judged-sentenced-defeated-charged

№ 712, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The prosecution and the defence may ______ individual jurors on grounds of possible bias.-put off-refuse-challenge-reject-let down

№ 713, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120An accused person is regarded as innocent until proved _______.-blameworthy-guilty-offence-convict-non-guilty

№ 714, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Anyone convicted by a court has the right of _______ to higher courts against conviction or sentence.-appeal-allowance-demand-redress-request

№ 715, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120An accused person is regarded as ______ until proved guilty.-accused-free-innocent-suspect-convicted

№ 716, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120Anyone ______ with an offence has the right to legal representation in court.-suspected-sentenced-imprisoned-authorozed-charged

№ 717, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120The defence has the right to the last speech at a ____ trial before the judge sums up.-judicial-law-legal-jury-court

№ 718, 0, 5, 1, 1, 120 In the UK typical civil disputes are those between tenants and landlords or those between employees and ________.-owners-workers-employers- bankers- producers

II. Choose the right preposition or article according to the contents of the sentences.№ 719, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The law prescribes criminal responsibility … military crimes.№ 720, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Courts are bound … the decisions of previous courts unless it can be shown that the facts differ from previous cases.№ 721, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120An assassin murders … political reasons or reward.№ 722, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120A terrorist uses violence … political reasons.№ 723, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120A stowaway is a person who hides … a ship or plane to get a free journey.№ 724, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120A robber is a person who steals money by force … people.№ 725, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120A hooligan is a person who deliberately causes damages … property.№ 726, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Timothy was arrested for … murder of his wife.№ 727, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The Crown Courts deal exclusively … criminal matters.№ 728, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Versions of Roman law had long influenced many parts of Europe, but had little impact … English law.№ 729, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120In contrast … civil-law legal systems, which are based on codes, common-law legal systems are based on judicial precedents.№ 730, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120A person who feels his case was not fairly treated in a lower court can appeal … a higher court for reassessment.№ 731, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120If it is his first offence, he might be given a fine instead, for example £1,000, or put … probation.№ 732, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The child was kidnapped … a notorious gang of robbers.№ 733, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The intruder was badly damaged … the guard dog in the palace garden.№ 734, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Do you think people should be allowed to use a knife for … self- defence?№ 735, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120He had been accused … the theft of the vase.№ 736, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The burglary happened during the night while he was … .№ 737, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120If you break the law, you will be … trouble.

№ 738, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The police who were investigating the crime could find no clues … all.№ 739, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120It is the responsibility of the police to enforce the law, not to take it … their own hands.№ 740, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The police questioned them at … police station.№ 741, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120In awarding sentences the court takes … consideration the gravity of the offence.№ 742, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The President is elected by the people and he attempts to carry … his policy promises through the presidential office of advisers.№ 743, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120 … the new Constitution, the court system will be modified, but only time will tell whether the judiciary will emerge as a true third branch of government.№ 744, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120According … the Constitution, the State ensures the protection of all forms of property rights and its management.№ 745, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The customs officers detained Bob and charged him … smuggling.№ 746, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The police spent the whole day searching the house … evidence.№ 747, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120When someone is guilty, the judge may give that person … prison sentence.№ 748, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Because of his past … criminal record, Brian was the main suspect.№ 749, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The murderer of … children was sentenced to life imprisonment.№ 750, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The policemen following the robbers were in … plain clothes.№ 751, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120As there was no evidence, the judge dismissed … case.№ 752, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The chief of the police said that he saw no connection … the two murders.№ 753, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120They stole … money and credit cards.№ 754, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Adam took … money from her bag and was charged with pickpocketing.№ 755, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Jean left her car in a no-parking area and had to pay … fine.№ 756, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Pauline decided to sue … police because she had been wrongly accused.№ 757, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120I decided to buy … burglar alarm after someone had broken into my house. № 758, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120You have to keep … the speed limit when you are driving in the city.№ 759, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Small crimes like … illegal parking are called minor offences.№ 760, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The hijackers are still holding twelve people hostage … the plane.№ 761, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120

He deserves … severe punishment.№ 762, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120In spite … civil wars in the 15th and 17th centuries and enormous social changes associated with industrialisation, England and Wales have retained many laws and legal principles that originated eight centuries ago.№ 763, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Some areas in the USA have areas … law that have been comprehensively codified.№ 764, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120As a check upon overpowerful government most modern constitutions have adopted … principle of separation of powers, developed in the 18th century by the French political philosopher Montesquieu.№ 765, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120In case of a serious disagreement … the Cabinet and the House of Commons, steps must immediately be taken to restore harmony between the executive and the legislative branches, either by a resignation of the government or by dissolution of the Parliament.№ 766, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120I am very interested in cases committed … this hardened offender.№ 767, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120… Court of Appeals considers cases sent up to it by the lower courts.№ 768, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The Supreme Court cannot alter … Constitution.№ 769, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120… County Courts deal exclusively with civil matters.№ 770, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The judge had to pass a sentence … the murderer yesterday.№ 771, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The appellant arrived … later than the jury had expected.№ 772, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120It is necessary to make laws that should be … better and comprehensive.№ 773, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120… lowest criminal court, a Magistrates Court is empowered to hear certain cases.№ 774, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The Constitution of GB can be said not to be in one document that’s why it is often said to be … unwritten one.№ 775, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Professional judges are known not to belong … any political party.№ 776, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120He is likely to tell us about … judicial system of GB.№ 777, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The House of Commons is known to be made … of 651 elected members (MPs).№ 778, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120They turn … to be finally punished in accordance with the law.№ 779, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120She is known to participate … the trial as a public prosecutor.№ 780, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120We heard the detective begin the investigation … this criminal case.№ 781, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The judge made … jury bring a verdict immediately.№ 782, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120It is necessary to know that the spread of common law is due … the influence of Britain and the USA.№ 783, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120

The Constitution of the United Kingdom is not even … writing, and the country is often said to have an unwritten constitution.№ 784, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The Constitution can be changed … any time by an act of Parliament.№ 785, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The throne passes … a king or a queen to his / her eldest son or daughter.№ 786, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The Lord Chancellor and the Speaker normally announce to Parliament that the monarch has given the royal assent … a bill.№ 787, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Four groups of people are entitled … sit in the House of Lords.№ 788, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The monarch formally appoints all bishops and also creates peers … the advice of the Prime Minister.№ 789, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Not long ago, the Lord Chancellor presided … the House of Lords both when it sat as a legislative body and when it sat as a law court.№ 790, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The Queen, Lords and Commons all have to agree … any new law which is passed.№ 791, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The United States government shares governmental powers … the states under the federal system established by the United States Constitution.№ 792, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Government in the United States operates … three levels: national, state and local.№ 793, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Elected by the people to hold office for … four-year term, the President can be elected no more than two terms.№ 794, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The American Constitution is the world’s oldest written constitution … force.№ 795, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The Articles of Confederation devised a loose association among the states, and set … a federal government with very limited powers.№ 796, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120It was … these circumstances that the Constitution of the United States was drawn up.№ 797, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Amendments … the Constitution cover a wide range of subjects.№ 798, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Every person who remains within the territory of Ukraine … a legal basis is guaranteed freedom of movement and free choice of place of residence.№ 799, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120All people are free and equal … their dignity and rights.№ 800, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120There are no privileges or restrictions based … race, colour of skin, political, religious and other beliefs.№ 801, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The victims have started a lawsuit to get compensation … their injuries.№ 802, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Mr. Nelson instituted legal proceedings … his neighbour.№ 803, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120No country has a right to interfere … the internal affairs of the other states.№ 804, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The American people were proud of the decision to put … end to slavery in their country.

№ 805, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120What freedoms were provided … by the Bill of Rights?№ 806, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The accused asserted that he had not had … mind to commit a crime.№ 807, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120He has taken the drugs from … certain Mr. Barton.№ 808, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Mrs. Duke was informed to have been appointed Rector of Saint Andrew’s University for … seven year term.№ 809, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120All the Supreme Court justices are nominated … life by the President.№ 810, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120 … the base of the pyramid are trial courts, composed of a single judge and a jury selected from local citizens.№ 811, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The term “Common Law” has been used … the 12 th century, and it describes the main body of English unwritten law.№ 812, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120These judges are free to depart … the precedent and set a new precedent as it is accepted and used by other judges.№ 813, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The civil law covers cases related … family, property, contracts and non-contractual wrongful acts suffered by one person at the hands of another.№ 814, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Literature, computer programs, artistic works can not be patented, but they can be protected … copyright.№ 815, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120In recent years it has been difficult for intellectual property law to prevent new original works … copying and to keep pace with technological change.№ 816, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120In Europe … criminal law of modern times has emerged from various codifications: the most important were the two Napoleonic codes of 1808 and 1810.№ 817, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120What is the European Central Bank in charge … ?№ 818, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Is the European Investment Bank able to lend money … favourable terms?№ 819, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120My uncle asked Mr. Winters, … well-known barrister, to plead his case in court.№ 820, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120 … the late 1970s there has been a trend toward punishment rather than rehabilitation of offenders in the USA.№ 821, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120A lawyer should act in strict conformity … the Constitution.№ 822, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The decision of the Community is binding … the addressee.№ 823, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Human rights are rights held simply by virtue … being a human person.№ 824, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The European Convention … Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms was created under the auspices of the Council of Europe.№ 825, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120There are … number of Protocols to the ECHR, not all of which the parties have yet agreed to be bound by.№ 826, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120

This decision was made … Art 12 of the ECHR.№ 827, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120What is the party entitled … , if the other fails to keep the promise?№ 828, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120This contract comes … existence as soon as a job offer, oral or written, is accepted.№ 829, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The notary is … public official who by state delegation attributes public certification to the documents ( contracts, deeds etc. ).№ 830, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120In Roman law the notarius was originally a slave or freedman who took notes … judicial proceedings.№ 831, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The civil – law notary may be roughly described as a lawyer who specializes in the law relating … real estate, sales, mortgages, but who is not allowed to appear in court.№ 832, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The notary is a legal practitioner who draws … legal documents, attests deeds etc.№ 833, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Everyone has the right to own, use and dispose … his or her property, and the results of his or her intellectual and creative activity.№ 834, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120In the United States the term advocate has no special significance, being used interchangeably … such terms as attorney, counsel, or lawyer.№ 835, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120In Ukraine the advocates act to ensure the right to a defense … accusation and to provide legal assistance in deciding cases in courts and other state bodies.№ 836, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The Bar is an advocacy profession and the Bar’s right … audience in the higher court remains unchanged.№ 837, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120International law stems … three main sources : treaties and international conventions, customs and customary usage, and the generally accepted principles of law and equity.№ 838, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120International law regulates intercourse … nations in peacetime and provides methods for the settlement of disputes by means other than war.№ 839, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The Romans developed the idea of treatment aliens subject … Roman rule.№ 840, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120It is rather difficult to distinguish “generally accepted principles of law and justice” … customs.№ 841, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The judgment is final and … appeal.№ 842, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Courts contribute to social stability … resolving disputes in a civilized fashion.№ 843, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120 … the end of last week they had resolved the dispute at last.№ 844, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Substantive law determines … wide variety of matters – for example, what is required to form a contract, what the difference is between larceny and robbery etc.№ 845, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The President of Ukraine may be removed from the office by the Supreme Rada … the procedure of impeachment, if he commits treason or other crime.№ 846, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120 … the Traffic Law it is illegal to drive under the influence of alcohol.

№ 847, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Ukraine has become … full member of the United Nations since 1945.№ 848, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The Prime Minister of Ukraine is appointed by the President of Ukraine … the consent of more than one-half of the constitutional composition of the Supreme Rada of Ukraine.№ 849, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Mr. Black was reported to have escaped from … prison.№ 850, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The parents used to repeat the phrase, “That was a murder … negligence, yes, yes …negligence. Our son is a well – mannered human”.№ 851, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120It is very important that … law and … order should be maintained when the country is at war.№ 852, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Combating … crime is considered one of the primary tasks of the Police Forces.№ 853, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Mr. Glue, a sixty – four year old American, was happy to have been on … jury service for so many times.№ 854, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120If you are selected a juryman, you should perform your jury service in … good faith.№ 855, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120When a Bill has passed … all its parliamentary stages, it is sent to the Queen.№ 856, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The judge makes decisions based on … evidence presented.№ 857, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The day-to-day work of dealing summarily with minor local criminal cases is carried out in magistrates courts, presided … by a full – time, legally qualified resident magistrate.№ 858, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120 … summary procedure, the sheriff may impose prison sentences of up to three months, or a fine of 5, 000 pounds.№ 859, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Some people, such as police officers, lawyers and doctors, are exempt … the jury service.№ 860, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120In UK, anyone who is arrested or held … custody, or who appears before a court, can get free advice and assistance.№ 861, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120When you arrive … court, find out exactly where the hearing will be held and let the clerk know you will be attending the hearing.№ 862, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The task of the jury is to consider the evidence and then reach … verdict of “guilty” or “not guilty”.№ 863, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Police officers may be requested to assist if a contempt … court situation occurs.№ 864, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120If you have been a victim of a crime, you will normally be asked to give the police … statement.№ 865, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The law students were asked to write an essay “Peculiarities of Punishment of Minors” pursuant … Ukrainian Criminal Law.№ 866, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120What kinds of relief from criminal liability are provided … by the Criminal Code of Ukraine?№ 867, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Highwaymen are thought … as holding a pistol and saying “Stand and deliver!”№ 868, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120

The pillaging and robbing of valuable artistic works has been a problem … ancient times.№ 869, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Extortion in English Criminal law is the obtaining of a benefit … physical force.№ 870, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120In America the organization “Mothers Against Drunk Driving” has done much to bring people’s attention … the problem and encourage state and federal government to make stronger laws against it.№ 871, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Jails hold people accused of crimes or people convicted … the least serious crimes.№ 872, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Children shall be equal in their rights regardless … their origin, as well as whether they are legitimate or illegitimate.№ 873, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The state protects the rights of the consumers and performs oversight … the quality and safety of products and all the services.№ 874, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Every person is required to obey the Constitution of Ukraine and laws of Ukraine, not to encroach … rights and freedoms, honour and dignity of other people.№ 875, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Crimes that can result … a death penalty are known as capital crimes or capital offences.№ 876, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Too often the crime of domestic violence is hidden … .№ 877, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Everybody sees the need … fight against terrorism and its financing in the world.№ 878, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The major causes of delinquency in various countries are related … each nation’s economic and social environment.№ 879, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120For Great Britain, Magna Carta is … statute Number One.№ 880, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The Bill prohibited the monarch … levying the taxes or customs duties without Parliament consent.№ 881, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Protection … arbitrary imprisonment by the Writ of Habeas Corpus is not found in continental Europe.№ 882, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Interpreters, under oath, provide language interpretation for the court on … behalf of a non-English speaking party or witness.№ 883, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The origin of the British police lies … early tribal history and is based on customs for securing order through the medium of appointed representatives.№ 884, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Ignorance of the law shall not exempt … legal liability.№ 885, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The establishment and activity of political parties and public associations are prohibited if their programme, goals or actions are aimed … the liquidation of the independence of Ukraine.№ 886, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Everyone has the right to own, use and dispose … his or her property, and the results of his or her intellectual and creative activity.№ 887, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Citizens who belong to national minorities are guaranteed in accordance … the law the right to receive instruction in their native language.№ 888, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120

The state ensures the preservation of historical monuments and takes measures to return to Ukraine the cultural treasures of the nation, that are located … its borders.№ 889, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The Government of Ukraine … the limits of its competence issues resolutions and orders which are obligatory for execution.№ 890, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Draft laws … introducing amendments to the Constitution are also the object of direct constitutional control.№ 891, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The Constitutional Court of Ukraine may establish … availability of gaps in a legal regulation.№ 892, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120This law is considered to have been in … effect since 2007.№ 893, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120To be at … large or in prison meant nothing to these kids without a parental care.№ 894, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120New Zealand is … sovereign, independent state and member of the Commonwealth.№ 895, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120In New Zealand the executive power is vested … a Governor-General, representing the Crown, and a Cabinet and Prime Minister.№ 896, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120I am no judge of people, but I feel he was not right to abstain … voting.№ 897, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120What concept do you associate … the term “civil society” ?№ 898, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The Bush administration declared a war on terrorism, with the stated goals of bringing Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda … justice and preventing the emergence of other terrorist networks.№ 899, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Americans provide a lot of financial support to people in need … charities or government programmes, they expect that help to be short-lived.№ 900, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Article 46 of the Convention imposes … states the obligation to execute all final judgements in any case to which they are parties.№ 901, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Despite … civil wars in the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries and enormous social changes associated with industrialisation, England and Wales have retained many laws and legal principles that originated eight centuries ago. № 902, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The Norman Kings sent travelling judges around the country and gradually a "common law" developed, … the authority of three common law courts in London. № 903, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120If the essential elements of a case were the same as those of previous recorded cases, then the judge was bound to reach … same decision regarding guilt or innocence. № 904, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120This system recognised rights that were not enforced as common law but which were considered ''equitable", or just, such as the right to force someone to fulfil a contract rather than simply pay damages … breaking it or the rights of a beneficiary of trust. № 905, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120In Britain, the United States and many other English-speaking countries, the law of Habeas Corpus guarantees that nobody can be held … prison without trial. № 906, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120

A writ of Habeas Corpus is an order … the name of the people (or, in Britain, of the sovereign) to produce an imprisoned person in court at once.№ 907, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120It was necessary for the legislators to speculate quite comprehensively … human behaviour rather than simply looking at previous cases. № 908, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The lawmakers were often influenced by the model of the canon law of the Roman Catholic Church, but the most important models were the codes produced in the seventh century … the direction of the Roman Emperor Justinian. № 909, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Versions of Roman law had long influenced many parts of Europe, including the case law traditions of Scotland, but had little impact … English law.№ 910, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120It was also so clearly written that it could be read and understood by ordinary people … a time when only Latin scholars could make sense of the earlier laws handed down since Roman times. № 911, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The code was adopted intact in most of the areas of Europe that Napoleon dominated and spread from there across the Atlantic, taking root particularly … French speaking American communities. № 912, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Many of its principles are still … force today.№ 913, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The areas of law practice … which lawyers specialize are numerous: some are included into large bodies of laws, such as Civil Law, Tort Law or Criminal Law.№ 914, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The civil law covers cases related … family, property, contracts and non-contractual wrongful acts suffered by one person at the hands of another (torts). № 915, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120There are certainly overlaps … tort law and criminal law. № 916, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120For example, a defendant can be liable to compensate … assault and battery in tort and also be punished for the criminal law offence of assault.№ 917, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Depending … the offence and the jurisdiction, various punishments are available to the courts to punish an offender. № 918, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120A court may sentence an offender to execution, corporal punishment or loss of liberty (imprisonment or incarceration); suspend the sentence; impose a fine; put the offender … government supervision through parole or probation; or place them on a community service order.№ 919, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Banking and Finance Law focuses … rules and regulations of banking activity and financial transactions. № 920, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Employment Law sets control … working conditions, deals with rules and regulations of labour and employment relations. № 921, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Product Liability Law includes legal issues concerning responsibility for the quality of products and protection … defective goods.№ 922, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The term litigation is sometimes used to distinguish lawsuits … ADR methods such as negotiation, arbitration and mediation. № 923, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120

A major difference between common-law and civil-law systems is the heavy reliance … case law in common-law systems. № 924, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120… the doctrine of stare decisis, lower courts are compelled to follow decisions rendered in higher courts. № 925, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The student barrister then applies to join one of the Inns of Court to study … the Bar Vocational Course, or BVC. № 926, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120If successful at the end of the twelve months, the qualified barrister applies … a tenancy in chambers. № 927, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120When a junior barrister has practised … the Bar for 10 to 15 years, it's possible to apply to become a senior barrister, or Queen's Counsel (QC), whose work concentrates on court appearances, advocacy, and opinions. № 928, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Courses like this give students the opportunity to experience the work of a lawyer before deciding … a career in the law. № 929, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Law clinics can provide … a free alternative to consulting a lawyer in a private firm.№ 930, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The clinic offers free legal advice to its clients, with all the legal work being done by law students … the supervision of qualified lawyers. № 931, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Traditionally, solicitors handle most legal matters for their clients, including the drawing … of documents (such as wills, divorce papers and contracts), communicating with other parties, and presenting their clients' cases in magistrates' courts, county courts and, in some instances, in the Crown Court.№ 932, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Some barristers are in employed practice and may only represent their employer, for example, as in-house counsel or … government departments like the Crown Prosecution Service. № 933, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Many work independently in self-employed practice in groups called chambers or sets and practise … the Bar as a barrister.№ 934, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120They are normally instructed by solicitors or other recognized professionals, such as patent agents or Legal Advice Centres, … behalf of lay clients. № 935, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Many other lawyers - especially in big cities - concentrate … a particular branch of the law, such as corporation law or administrative law. № 936, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Because of the greatly increased demand … legal services, many lawyers have more work than they can handle. № 937, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Lawyers who employ such assistant can devote more time … complex legal cases.№ 938, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120There are also government lawyers, called public prosecutors who act for the state in bringing charges … criminals in courts of law.№ 939, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The legal profession is increasingly international - global economy, the European Union influences … different aspects of lives of a European lawyer. № 940, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The jury system, originated … England in the Middle Ages, replacing the system of trial by ordeal. № 941, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120

… first the jury was made up of local people who could be expected to know the defendant. № 942, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The judge assigned to that case will tell you about the case and will introduce the lawyers and the people involved … the case. № 943, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120During Voir Dire the lawyers may ask the judge to excuse you or another member of the panel from sitting … the jury for this particular case.№ 944, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Jurors do not get paid … their services and are obliged to perform this duty. № 945, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120They listen to all the details of a case in a court of law and give their decision … it. № 946, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120In the U.S. anyone who is able to vote can be called upon to serve … a jury or grand jury. № 947, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120In a civil lawsuit, a petit jury decides who is … fault and how much money be paid in damages. № 948, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120… a criminal trial, a jury of between 6 and 12 people decide whether a person is guilty or not. № 949, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Civil cases are usually disputes between or among private citizens, corporations, governments, government agencies, and other organizations. The party bringing the suit is asking for money damages … some wrong that has been done.№ 950, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The plaintiff starts the lawsuit … filing a paper called a complaint, in which the case against the defendant is stated. № 951, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120It is … to the plaintiff to prove the case against the defendant.№ 952, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120A criminal case is brought by the state or by a city or county … a person or persons accused of having committed a crime. № 953, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120In each criminal case the judge will tell you all the elements of the crime that the plaintiff must prove; the plaintiff must prove each of these elements … all reasonable doubt before the defendant can be found guilty.№ 954, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120In Scotland, where the jury consists of 15 people, the verdict may be reached … a simple majority, but as a general rule, no person may be convicted without corroborated evidence.№ 955, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120In the event of a “guilty” verdict, the defendant has a right … appeal to the appropriate court. № 956, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Any attempt to interfere with a jury once it is sworn … is punishable under the Contempt of Court Act 1981. № 957, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120People between the ages of 18 and 65 whose names appear on the electoral register, with certain exceptions, are liable … jury service and their names are chosen at random. № 958, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Persons disqualified from jury service include those who have, within the previous ten years, served any part of a sentence of imprisonment, youth custody or detention, or been subject to a community service order, or, within the previous five years, been placed … probation. № 959, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The European Court … Human Rights was established by the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and was set up in Strasbourg in 1959. № 960, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120

The case originated in an application (no. 14077/05) against Ukraine lodged … the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) by a Ukrainian national, Mr Yevgeniy Alekseyevich Yangolenko (“the applicant”), on 6 April 2005. № 961, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120On 19 January 2009, the President of the Fifth Section decided to give notice … the application to the Government. № 962, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The defendant appealed and on 14 August 2000, the Donetsk Regional Court (from June 2001 the Donetsk Regional Court of Appeal) quashed that judgment and remitted the case to the lower court … a fresh examination. № 963, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120In January 2001, the applicant instituted proceedings in the Torez Town Court … the local State Social Security Department, seeking compensation for the allegedly incorrect calculation of his pension. № 964, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The applicant claimed 250,872 euros (EUR) in respect … pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage. № 965, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The Government further stated that the applicant’s claim … the non-pecuniary damage was unsubstantiated. № 966, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120These ministers normally belong to the political party that has a majority in the House of Commons, which dominates … Parliament, the country’s lawmaking body. № 967, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120They are responsible to Parliament, which, … turn, is responsible to the people.№ 968, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The Constitution can be changed … any time by an act of Parliament or by the people’s acceptance of a new idea or practice.№ 969, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The queen can make few decisions … her own. № 970, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The British call their government “Her Majesty’s Government”, and government officials work “… Her Majesty’s Service”.№ 971, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The Lord Chancellor and the Speaker normally announce to Parliament that the monarch has given the royal assent … a bill. № 972, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120By tradition, the monarch never acts … the advice of his or her ministers.№ 973, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The Queen must approve all bills passed by Parliament … they can become laws. № 974, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120But four groups of people are entitled to sit … the House of Lords: 2 archbishops, and 24 bishops of the Church of England, the law lords, hereditary peers, and life peers. № 975, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The monarch formally appoints all bishops and also creates peers … the advice of the Prime Minister.№ 976, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120If the Commons then passes the bill a second time, the bill is not sent back to the Lords, but is submitted … the royal assent. № 977, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120In other words, the final power of the Lords is to impose about a year’s delay … legislation. № 978, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The Speaker of the House of Commons is a member chosen by the whole Commons to preside … meetings of the Commons.

№ 979, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The Queen, Lords and Commons all have to agree … any new law which is passed. № 980, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120If the majority of the members are … favour of a bill it goes to the House of Lords to be debated and finally to the monarch to be signed. № 981, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The University of L’viv is an acknowledged centre for carrying … research and training specialists in many spheres. № 982, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120At present student population amounts to 31,780 persons, among them full-time, part-time students and postgraduates (or postgraduate students); they are trained … 78 scientific, engineering and pedagogical fields. № 983, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120In 1848 the Department of the Ukrainian Language and Literature was set … at the University. № 984, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120… the initial stage the students were trained in four specialities: Philosophy, Theology, Law and Medicine. Gradually, new specialities were being introduced. № 985, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The juridical science of that time was based … the reactionary philosophical ideas of the history of law. № 986, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120In 1772 the curricula and the structure of the faculty were changed and approximated … the best European Universities.№ 987, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120In 1805 L’viv University was transformed … a Lyceum with 4 departments. № 988, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Law students should keep … mind the names of N. Napadiyevуch, head of the department of natural law, and Y. Winiwarter, a civilist, whose monographs and textbooks were very popular in Europe.№ 989, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Prof. P. Stebel’skyi wrote a lot of scientific works in Ukrainian and more than that he headed the commission “… Improvements of Ukrainian Law Terminology”.№ 990, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120 … the reunification of Western Ukraine with the Soviet Ukraine many scientists were sent to work at the faculty, though the faculty staff comprised prominent professors and lecturers from local intelligentsia: I. Davydyak (the last Rector of the Ukrainian underground University), M. Topol’nyts’kyi, O.Lutsiv, V. Kalynovych.№ 991, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120 Renowned jurists such as Y. Makarevych, S. Dnistryans’kyi, S. Bazylevych, V. Vehranovs’kyi, M. Pashe-Ozers’kyi, P. Nedbailo, A. Savyts’ka, V. Sokurenko worked and made scientific researches at the faculty; all of them worked … the sake of the people, the University and the state.№ 992, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Each year the law students write and defend their course papers; those with perfect knowledge of English write and defend their course and diploma scientific papers … obtaining a scientific degree of the Master of Law in the English language.№ 993, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The expression of the will of the people is exercised … elections, referendums and other political forms of democracy.№ 994, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Citizens of Ukraine, who have attained the age of eighteen on the day of the elections and referendums, have the right to vote … the elections and referendums.№ 995, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The Procuracy of Ukraine is headed by the Procurator General, who is appointed to office … the consent of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, and dismissed from office by the President of Ukraine.

№ 996, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The Constitutional Court adopts decisions that are mandatory … execution throughout the territory of the country, that are final and shall not be appealed.№ 997, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120In accordance with the Constitution and the Law “On the Judicial System of Ukraine and the Status of Judges” … July 7, 2010, it includes local courts, courts of appeal, the specialized courts with their highest judicial bodies, and the Supreme Court of Ukraine.№ 998, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Jurors are typically warned that they are not to talk … themselves about the evidence until the end of all testimony.№ 999, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120If you are convicted in the magistrates' court you can appeal … your sentence, or conviction, or both.№ 1000, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Your solicitor can advise you … possible appeals against your sentence.№ 1001, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Perjury is lying or making verifiably false statements … oath in a court of law.№ 1002, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Thus the government has also had to consider ways to reduce the prison population … the use of non-custodial alternatives.№ 1003, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The most common alternative … jail is a fine. № 1004, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Research recently published in the United States indicates that those states which embarked … prison building programmes ended up increasing their prison populations, while those which closed down a number of prisons actually reduced the number of people in jail to proportionally lower levels.№ 1005, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120When the Taliban first took over Afghanistan, they promised hope and positive changes, including a crackdown … crime.№ 1006, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120On September 27, 1996, the Taliban seized the capital and replaced the government of Afghanistan … its own leaders.№ 1007, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The assassination in 1914 of the Archduke Francis Ferdinand, heir … the throne of Austria-Hungary, was one of the events leading to the outbreak of World War I.№ 1008, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The president’s car immediately left … speed for Parkland Memorial Hospital, with Jacqueline Kennedy holding her husband’s wounded head in her arms.№ 1009, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120… August of that year, the United States had requested extradition of the couple to stand trial in the US for the double murder of the Heysons.№ 1010, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Jurors are typically warned that they are not to talk … themselves about the evidence until the end of all testimony.№ 1011, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Several states, including Arizona, Illinois, and New York, are currently undertaking revisions of their jury instructions … an effort to make them more comprehensible.№ 1012, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Poverty is often blamed for leading … crime, however underneath is something more vital – society bombards us with commercial values, making us want more and more material things.№ 1013, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120

Sometimes individuals don’t mean to cause harm, but are drawn into it by a chain of events that are … their control or influence.№ 1014, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120… the twenty-first century criminologists had looked to a wide range of factors to explain why a person would commit crimes.№ 1015, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Others commit crimes on impulse, … rage or fear.№ 1016, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The law provides … the National Mediation and Reconciliation Service to mediate labour disputes.№ 1017, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120A referendum shall not be permitted in regard … draft laws on issues of taxes, the budget, and amnesty.№ 1018, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The expression of the will of the people is exercised … elections, referendums and other political forms of democracy.№ 1019, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Some states have incorporated the Convention … domestic law, but Britain has not, so that it is not directly enforceable as British law.№ 1020, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Experts classify prisons … the degree of security or control they provide.№ 1021, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120There are also disputes about whether capital punishment can be administered in a manner consistent … justice.№ 1022, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The judge sentenced the accused to 15 years … prison.№ 1023, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The police said he was responsible … the crime committed.№ 1024, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120I don’t think you have done anything … the law.№ 1025, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120I hope the police will try to find … what happened to the victim.№ 1026, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120In the trial, the jury decided he was guilty … the crime.№ 1027, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Juveniles are dealt … in special Magistrates Courts known as Juvenile Courts.№ 1028, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120A deserter is a soldier who runs … from the army.№ 1029, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120A kidnapper is a person who takes away people … force, demanding money for their return.№ 1030, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120He has been in trouble … the police once before, but it was only a minor offence.№ 1031, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120In order to reach their decision, the jury must listen carefully … the evidence.№ 1032, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120If the accused is convicted … murder, the sentence may be at least ten years in prison.№ 1033, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The policeman asked the suspect to make … statement.№ 1034, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Do you agree … capital punishment for some crimes such as murder?№ 1035, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120A law-breaker is anyone who breaks … law.

№ 1036, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120This person betrays his or her country … another state.№ 1037, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120 … the end of the trial, she had been found guilty.№ 1038, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The judge told John that he was … hardened criminal.№ 1039, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Peace and international cooperation have become … most important need of all peoples and nations.№ 1040, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Punishment may be imposed only … a person found guilty of committing a crime.№ 1041, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The police surrounded the building, making it difficult for the criminals to get … .№ 1042, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The tourists were told to watch … pickpockets.№ 1043, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The government kept … vital information concerning the oil spill.№ 1044, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Two men held … a supermarket last night and stole $2000.№ 1045, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The University students are going to do research … the effects of noise pollution.№ 1046, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The thieves made … with all the precious artefacts in the museum. № 1047, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The thieves stole millions of dollars worth … paintings from the gallery.№ 1048, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120Driving … speed of 150 kilometres per hour is not only illegal but also unsafe.№ 1049, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120… the circumstances, the police officer had no other choice but to arrest them.№ 1050, 0, 6, 1, 1, 120The police officer was instructed to make a detailed report … the strange incident.

III. Find the proper Ukrainian equivalent to the underlined law term(s).№ 233, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Recently a salary arrears in this institution has doubled.№ 234, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120It’s about time you wrote a trial brief.№ 235, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Should there be many dissenting votes, the bill won’t be adopted.№ 236, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120A mercenary is a member of an army rather than a citizen belonging to a community.№ 237, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The United Nations has taken measures to promote human rights.№ 238, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The beneficiary of the will retained the house, but sold everything else.№ 239, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120States must not derogate from their international obligations.№ 240, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Trafficking in women and prostitution are wide-spread evils in Europe.№ 241, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Clearance of that crime has taken two years and a half.№ 242, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Peter has filed a divorce petition at last.

№ 243, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120His non-appearance resulted in judgement by default.№ 244, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120In the most deprived sections of large cities there is the highest rate of broken homes.№ 245, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Habitual criminal is to be treated as a person with a mental disease.№ 246, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Can you explain to me what conditional discharge means?№ 247, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The Browns understood that it was dangerous to fix the jurors.№ 248, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Driving without due care and attention involves the state of mind often referred to as “negligent”.№ 249, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Intoxication is not, as such, a defence to a criminal charge.№ 250, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120What is vicarious liability?№ 251, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The police want tougher laws to strengthen their power against drug traffickers.№ 252, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Who is regarded as the abettor of a crime?№ 253, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120I disagree with the finding of the majority that there hasn’t been a violation of Article 6 of the Convention.№ 254, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120In respect of natural persons the Criminal Code of France provides for such main punishments for a crime as felony imprisonment or political detention for life.№ 255, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Pursuant to the law on juvenile courts the minimum term of deprivation of liberty for juvenile offenders constitutes 6 months.№ 256, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120An additional punishment is loss of the right to hold public or elective office, and the right to vote.№ 257, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120An employer usually dismisses the employee by giving him the required period of notice, but dismissal without notice may be justified in certain circumstances.№ 258, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120To enfranchise means to give to a person or a group of people the right to vote at elections.№ 259, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120There is no special body of law dealing with family assets.№ 260, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Each owner is entitled to surrender his property to other relatives, and even strangers.№ 261, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Underaged Helen is considered to be a sole owner of this estate.№ 262, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Further, the court shall ascertain the extent of (moral) damage.№ 263, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The Greece authorities resorted to military intervention.№ 264, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120It is strange Nick and his elder brother be committed to prison.№ 265, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120A lot of delegates were rather passive and abstained from voting.№ 266, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120A newly appointed ambassador has arrived in Spain, and in a fortnight there will be held a delivery of credentials in the King’s Palace.№ 267, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Has Ukraine acceded to the Rome Treaty?№ 268, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The investigator in Smith's case has been studying his conviction record for three days already.№ 269, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The jury returned a non-guilty verdict in Black’s case, though the judge had a dissenting opinion.

№ 270, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Recently many a woman has fallen an abductee in this town of Arizona.№ 271, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Under intestacy each of the heirs will get an equal part of the cumulative property.№ 272, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Political experts consider that event to have been a back-stage collusion of the opposition.№ 273, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120A detained person shall realize her/his right to request a counsel.№ 274, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120A group of journalists was charged with the obstruction of justice pending the trial.№ 275, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Before returning a verdict, the judge directs the jury as to the fact of law.№ 276, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120What items are insurable?№ 277, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The police visited Nick and asked him about his accomplices.№ 278, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120In recent years Scots law has also been affected by European law under the Treaty of Rome.№ 279, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120His lawyer had to obtain a court order to get access to her client.№ 280, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Overturning a legal precedent is no easy matter.№ 281, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The police fear for the safety of the missing children.№ 282, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The detectives have carried out covert surveillance of Tom’s house for several months.№ 283, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson had apprehended three men suspected of carrying out Clapham bank robbery.№ 284, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120These streets are also the scene of much vice and crime.№ 285, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Many people who became criminals, were neglected by their parents.№ 286, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120I think of the poor, the unemployed, the elderly, the handicapped, the helpless and the sad, and they need us more than ever.№ 287, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The Criminal Injuries Compensation Scheme provides compensation to victims and to those bereaved as a result of violence.№ 288, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120A set fine operates very unequally on the rich and on the poor.№ 289, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The Parole Board is essentially an advisory body set up to assist the Home Secretary in granting prisoners early release.№ 290, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Democracy is not the law of the majority but the protection of the minority.№ 291, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The applicant instituted the proceeding against Oil Company, seeking salary arrears and compensation for non-pecuniary damage.№ 292, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The applicant reiterated his complaint.№ 293, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The courts also have the power to impose a suspended sentence.№ 294, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Mr. Fox began to question the detained.№ 295, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120This case requires arguing .№ 296, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120

John Black, a clerk, forgot to serve a summons yesterday.№ 297, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Releasing the minors, the policemen usually give them pocket money.№ 298, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The making of the new laws is the prerogative of the parliamentarians.№ 299, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Intellectual Property Law Focuses on protection of exclusive rights of inventors, creators and authors.№ 300, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Parliament can enact any law it chooses, or repeal obsolete laws which are any longer relevant and the courts must enforce it, though exception to this is EU law.№ 301, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Since 1986 with the passage of the Money Laundering Control Act, organized crime members have been charged and convicted of tax evasion and money laundering.№ 302, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Since the adoption of the Act of Independence of Ukraine (1991), much has been done concerning human rights and in particular for the implementation of international human rights norms in Ukrainian legislation.№ 303, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Maintaining and upbringing orphans and children deprived of parental care shall be imposed on the state.№ 304, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120People respected George Washington, because he was an honest man and he turned out to be one of the greatest military leaders.№ 305, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Every person has the right to protect his life and the lives of other persons from unlawful infringements.№ 306, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Before World War II, Japan also had a jury system, but it was often criticised for the ease with which jurors could be bribed.№ 307, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120In China, law courts are still primarily regarded as political instruments used both to control thefts and violence and to deal with political opponents.№ 308, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120We have to check whether applicants have a criminal record and whether there is enough evidence to start criminal proceedings against them.№ 309, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Germany has discontinued its jury system recently, replacing it with a system of lay assessors sitting together with professional judges.№ 310, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Committees of ten requires that all motions to amend a bill be tabled in advance.№ 311, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120In England an offence may be charged either on indictment or in a summary court.№ 312, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Affid a vits are widely used in preliminary legal proceedings.№ 313, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Justice is often represented as a woman with her eyes covered, holding a sword in one hand and a pair of scales in the other.№ 314, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Scotland has its own legal system but it also uses an adversarial system of legal procedure.№ 315, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The Sixth Amendment guarantees an accused person the right to trial before an impartial jury.№ 316, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The level of the fine depends on the circumstances of the case.№ 317, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Putting these young men into prison alongside hardened criminals is the surest way to make them reoffend.№ 318, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The number of muggings has been reduced in this area.№ 319, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The governments are determined to combat international terrorism.№ 320, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The police are often called to settle quarrels, find lost people and aid accident victims.

№ 321, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The thieves were informed to have been caught red-handed.№ 322, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Over fifteen million people have fled from their own countries because of human rights abuses, political pressure and economical hardships.№ 323, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The League of Nations is considered to be the forerunner of the United Nations.№ 324, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a constitutional hereditary monarchy.№ 325, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120In addition to the rule of law, sovereignty of Parliament forms the second pillar of the British constitution.№ 326, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Laws can be rejected, repealed or passed by a simple majority.№ 327, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The Smiths stated that they were going to settle the dispute.№ 328, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120In the 6th century a commission consolidated all sources of law including the opinions of great legal scholars.№ 329, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The Bill of Rights established authority of Parliament over the King.№ 330, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120He was urgently summoned to Washington for consultations.№ 331, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The case was settled out of court for an undisclosed amount.№ 332, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Those arrested have been charged with public order offences.№ 333, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Attempts by governments to persu a de people to wear seat belts and to refrain from drinking alcohol whilst driving have had limited success.№ 334, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Neglect cases involve children whose parents do not or cannot care for them properly .№ 335, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The most important reason for punishing young offenders is to deter them from committing more crimes.№ 336, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The suspected, the accused and the defendants have the right to legal counsel .№ 337, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Any violence or exploitation of a child shall be prosecuted by law.№ 338, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Citizens have the right to participate in the administration of state affairs.№ 339, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120All acts must be submitted to both Houses of Parliament in the draft form of a Bill.№ 340, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The courts should be independent of the executive and the legislature so that the judges can ensure that these bodies do not exercise their powers arbitrarily.№ 341, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Some states in the USA have areas of law that have been comprehensively codified.№ 342, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The lawmakers of new nations sometimes wanted to show that the legal rights of their citizens originated in the state, not in local customs.№ 343, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Children under ten cannot stand trial at all under English law.№ 344, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The accused person has the right to claim a jury trial if he/she is charged with any offence punishable by imprisonment.№ 345, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The law of New Zealand consists of the common law, statute law, enacted by the New Zealand Parliament, a number of United Kingdom laws, regulations, by-laws and other forms of subordinate legislation.№ 346, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120In England minor cases are dealt with summarily by magistrates’ courts presided over by justices of the Peace.

№ 347, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The inferior courts in the federal system have somewhat less political importance, since their principal duty is to settle routine cases where no constitutional question is at stake.№ 348, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Ukrainian labour legislation adopted a more logical and civilised procedure of the settlement of individual labour disputes .№ 349, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The European Parliament has 20 standing committees, each specializing in a particular field, such as the environment, transport, industry or the budget.№ 350, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The European Parliament strongly condemns the use of the death penalty in all cases and under all circumstances.№ 351, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120In Europe and the world , Parliament acts to uphold human rights, freedoms and democracy.№ 352, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Each spring the Comission submits a preliminary draft budget for the following year.№ 353, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The ombudsman is empowered to receive complaints concerning maladministration by Community institutions or bodies from any EU citizen or any individual residing in a member state.№ 354, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The European Parliament has enhanced the rights of air and rail passengers, not least for the elderly and for people with reduced mobility, who can now obtain assistance.№ 355, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The Ombudsman tries to find amicable solutions with the institution or body concerned.№ 356, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120MEPs took the view that economic, trade and financial benefits should contribute to respect for fundamental rights in the countries concerned.№ 357, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Parliament has dedicated itself to several great international causes such as abolition of death penalty, combating hunger in the world and the international campaign against impunity .№ 358, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Parliament provided steady support for the creation of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in 1998; its task is to pass judgements on the perpetrators of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes.№ 359, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The European Parliament is actively involved in the EU’s election observation missions to third countries to monitor whether voting procedures comply with international standar d s .№ 360, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Some police officers are assigned to gather intelligence about the activities of suspected criminals.№ 361, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Officers in the juvenile division of a police department handle cases involving youth accused of breaking the law.№ 362, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The head of the investigating committee mounted the investigation .№ 363, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The judge ordered the sequestration of the union’s funds.№ 364, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120After all, police had to make a warrantless arrest .№ 365, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The names of possible jurors are selected by the court from such sources as tax rolls, voting lists and telephone directories .№ 366, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120On the 30th of November they served a summons on him and his elder sister.№ 367, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The federal courts are often called the guardians of the Constitution because their rulings protect rights and liberties guaranteed by the Constitution.№ 368, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The making of a contract requires the mutual agreement .№ 369, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120

The notary is the author of the document and therefore he is responsible for its consistency with the law .№ 370, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Everyone has the right to own, use and dispose of his or her property, and the results of his or her intellectual or creative activity.№ 371, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120A lawyer has several loyalties in his work: to his clients, to the administration of justice, to the community, to his co-workers and to himself.№ 372, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The rule of law may best be grasped by contrasting it with opposite, i.e. arbitrary use of authority against any person or property.№ 373, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The tasks of making laws, administering justice, governing and defending the country are carried out in the Queen’s name.№ 374, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120In 1982, when the Constitution was repatriated, an important addition was made to it: the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.№ 375, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Today most prosecutions are undertaken by Crown attorneys, who are the agents of the federal Attorney General.№ 376, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The Speaker of the House of Commons only votes in case of a tie and can vote to support or defeat the issue put on vote.№ 377, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The police want tougher laws to strengthen their power against traffickers.№ 378, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Punishment in the form of property confiscation shall consist in compulsory seizure into the ownership of the state of all or part of the property owned by the convicted person.№ 379, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Affray may be committed in private as well as in public places.№ 380, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The features of a crime are: its social danger, criminal unlawfulness, culpability and punishability.№ 381, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The High Court dismissed appeals against the judgements at the first instance.№ 382, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The parties also have a right to a certain number of challenges for which no cause is necessary.№ 383, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Officers, protesting the bribe system, have been fired, transferred and reprimanded .№ 384, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120International attempts to curb police corruption around the world received a boost when in 1979 the United Nations drafted the UN Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials.№ 385, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Loot in the oldest sense is reffered to goods seizure specifically in war, especially goods of great value.№ 386, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Criminal codes of different countries vary with regard to specific penalties that may be imposed for crimes.№ 387, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120He was sentenced to 36 months’ imprisonment, part of which was suspended .№ 388, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Probation and parole frequently depend on the availability of a job.№ 389, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Nowadays, international organizations which are to promote human rights , are against capital punishment. № 390, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Two grades of treason existed in Early english law: high treason, directed against the Crown, and petty treason, which consisted of a crime against a subject, such as wife killing her husband, or a servant murdering his master.№ 391, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120In colonial days the penalty for conviction of treason followed the English law, providing for attainder, forfeiture or loss of property and the loss of all the rights of inheritance.№ 392, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120

Punishment often left physical marks on the condemned .№ 393, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Burglars, for the first offence were to be branded on the forehead with the letter B, for the second offence, whipped in public.№ 394, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120In England death was a possible punishment for many thieves, in Massachussets only for repeaters .№ 395, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120A system of criminal justice had to distribute powers among judges, jurors, legislators.№ 396, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The governor in some states pardoned with a lavish hand .№ 397, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120In medieval times, a killer animal was put on trial for similar “crimes”, and the animals who got in trouble the most were pigs.№ 398, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Even special programs for children are full of gunfights, murders and scene of violence so it’s no surprising that juvenile crime record is constantly growing.№ 399, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Terrorism means the use of threat of action if this action may influence the government or intimidate the public for political, religious or ideological reasons.№ 400, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120An organisation is concerned in terrorism if it promotes or encourages terrorism.№ 401, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Domestic violence occurs in all cultures, people of all races, sexes and classes can be perpetrators of domestic violence .№ 402, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120If a state fails to prevent and investigate acts of violence against women, then it shares responsibility for the abuses.№ 403, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120International human rights law bans discrimination and violence against women.№ 404, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Community mustn’t ignore impunity of domestic tyrants.№ 405, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120One of the oldest ways of detecting criminal activity is through surveillance . № 406, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Informants are the source of much useful information in investigations: they must be citizens motivated by civil duty.№ 407, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Business and public records are consulted by investigators to locate wanted or missing persons .№ 408, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Firstly, anti-corruption laws be updated ; secondly, the national program should include measures to fight economic and social corruption.№ 409, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Fraud has existed perhaps long or longer than money.№ 410, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Organized crime constitutes nothing less than guerilla war against society (Lyndon Gonson).№ 411, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The judges are independent of the government and people appearing before them; this allows them to make impartial decisions . № 412, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Magna Carta required king John of England to proclaim certain rights (mainly of his barons), respect certain legal procedures and accept that his will could be bound by law . № 413, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Magna Carta was confirmed by later English kings.№ 414, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The Bill prohibited the monarch from levying taxes or customs duties without Parliaments consent.№ 415, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120In most countries, the procedure of habeas corpus can be suspended in time of national emergency .№ 416, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120

The House of Lords should not reject a budget passed by the House of Commons.№ 417, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The monarch abstains from attending cabinet meetings. № 418, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The real importance of the rule of law today lies in the basic idea that the state should use its power according to agreed rules and not arbitrarily.№ 419, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The text of the US Constitution doesn’ t specify who has the right to vote.№ 420, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120After all the evidence has been presented, the two counsels sum up the case making comment on it.№ 421, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120In a civil trial the jury is empowered to set the amount of damages .№ 422, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120A few states require blood tests, and still other states have a short waiting period (1-3 days) before the couple can wed .№ 423, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Horrified members of the public who witnessed a fatal road traffic grabbed the driver as he tried to flee the scene .№ 424, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder .№ 425, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120During the Tudor period, to control the growing vagrancy problem , the idle people were put into “Houses of Corrections” and punished for their laziness.№ 426, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Similar cases must be treated similarly if the justice is to be achieved.№ 427, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120In 1219 Henry III issued instructions to his justices on how to handle criminal cases .№ 428, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120How are miscarriages of justice dealt with in England and Wales?№ 429, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The Scottish Parliament can amend the Acts of the UK Parliament.№ 430, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120We have to check whether applicants have a criminal record .№ 431, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The Queen carries out and legiti mis es acts of the state.№ 432, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Substantive law determines a wide variety of matters – for example, what is required to form a contract, what is the difference between larceny and robbery etc. № 433, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Some Commonwealth countries, notably India, have enacted criminal codes that are based on English common law of crimes.№ 434, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The First Protocol provides that “every natural or legal person is entitled to the peaceful enjoyment of his possession”.№ 435, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120In Roman law the notarius was originally a slave who took notes of judicial proceedings . № 436, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The notary is qualified as a public official , because the state delegates to him the powers of a public certification.№ 437, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Everyone has the right to own, use or dispose of his or her property, and the results of his or her intellectual activity.№ 438, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120In order to satisfy their needs , citizens may use the objects of the right of state and communal property in accordance with the law.№ 439, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Judges rest their judgements upon the general principles enshrined in case law as a whole.№ 440, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120

Common law rights, powers, remedies , crimes are frequently distinhuished from statutory right, powers, remedies, crimes.№ 441, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The monarchy is the most ancient secular institution in the United Kingdom, with a continuous history stretching back over a thousand years.№ 442, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Queen Elizabeth II, who s u cceeded to the throne in 1952 is the head of the judiciary, the commander-in-chief of the armed forces of the Crown.№ 443, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Monarch confers honours and make appoinments to all important offices of the state.№ 444, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The Privy Council is the body on whose advice and through which the Monarch exercises most statutory and many prerogative powers .№ 445, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120There are about 330 members of the Privy Council , which, however, only meets as a full body on the death of the Monarch.№ 446, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The H ome S ecretary is concerned with the prevention of criminal offences, the apprehension trial and treatment of offenders, and with the prison service.№ 447, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120British citizenship can be gained by birth , adoption , registration or naturalization.№ 448, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120To be a genuine convention, a rule or principle must be regarded as binding .№ 449, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Counsel for the defence alleged that the defendant had acted in self-defence.№ 450, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120One of the issues which particularly concerns Greenpeace is the damage to the environment caused by the use of nuclear bombs in experimental tests.№ 451, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120A bilateral treaty is a binding international agreement in writing between two states.№ 452, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The defendant’s father was charged with bribery and corruption for trying to influence the judge by offering him a large sum of money.№ 453, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The majority in this court took the view that there was no ambiguity about the words of the Equal Pay Act, 1940.№ 454, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120In cases of conflict, EC law prevails over national law.№ 455, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Poor people in England are entitled to free legal advice and help called “Legal aid”.№ 456, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Policies are carried out by government departments staffed by politically neutral civil servants .№ 457, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120These codes cover the powers to stop and search persons or vehicles, searching of premises and seizure of property etc.№ 458, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The UK is also a signatory of the European Convention of Human rights and this has been incorporated into UK law.№ 459, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120All acts must be submitted to both Houses of Parliament in the draft form of a Bill.№ 460, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120In March 1995, the central government suspended the Crimean Constitution following a year of political instability caused by attempts of local politicians to develop a foreign policy independent of Kyiv.№ 461, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The Geneva agreements are a balance of both commit t ments and interests.№ 462, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120When one government wishes to accredit an ambassador or a minister to another government, it is necessary that the appointee should be approved by the government of the country to which he is being assigned.

№ 463, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Every human being has the inherent right to life .№ 464, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The recognition of a child as a full-fledged personality is the result of gradual formation of humanistic ideas in society.№ 465, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The child’s right to freedom of residence is realized depending on the age criterion.№ 466, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The statictics shows that there are a lot of children deprived of the proper parental care in Ukraine.№ 467, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The Convention defines a stateless person as one who is not considered as a national by any state. № 468, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Citizenship imposed against the will of individuals can result in abuse .№ 469, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120A number of bystanders watched the robbers speed off in a stolen car.№ 470, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120To take someone to court means to prosecute someone.№ 471, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The conviction of a number of senior executives has left the whole business community in shock.№ 472, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Fraud has a big impact on older people, as they sometimes loose their life savings.№ 473, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120He was charged with a breach of currency regulations .№ 474, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Drug addiction is no excuse for holding up a petrol station. № 475, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The suspect couldn’t commit the crime himself, he must have had an accomplice . № 476, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The jury found her guilty of all charges .№ 477, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Some countries have such strict laws that people protest against them.№ 478, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The bank at the end of the street was held up by two masked men last week.№ 479, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Anti-social behaviour adversely affects the communities we live in.№ 480, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120This gang has been wanted by the police for about three years.№ 481, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Probation allows a convicted person to remain at large , with his sentence suspended as long as he behaves lawfully.№ 482, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120In the UK typical civil disputes are those between employees and employers .№ 483, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Most people are released on bail after being charged with an offence.№ 484, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The verdict of a jury should be unanimous , though sometimes a majority verdict is acceptable .№ 485, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120A tort is a civil wrong that can be remedied by awarding damages .№ 486, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Antitrust Law ensures and regulates fair competition, ensures protection from monopolization.№ 487, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120In arbitration a binding decision is imposed by an independent third party.№ 488, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120In a civil lawsuit a petit jury decides who is at fault and how much money be paid in damages.№ 489, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120In criminal cases the verdict must be unanimous .№ 490, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The Crown Court is the only court in England and Wales that has the jurisdiction to try cases on indictment .

№ 491, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Probate judges are usually elected in the USA.№ 492, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The justice of the peace is usually elected in rural areas and small towns for a two-year term.№ 493, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The conduct of the office may well depend upon the political climate in a given county, resulting in an uneven application of criminal law within the state.№ 494, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The Supreme Rada of Ukraine may express no confidence in the Prosecutor General of Ukraine that results in his or her resignation from office .№ 495, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Perjury is an offence under British and American law.№ 496, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Delinquency research in India suggests that the primary causes are the changing social system, the population explosion, and shifting morals and values.№ 497, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Juries may request leniency when delivering their verdict.№ 498, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The most prudent way to make a gift of a chattel is by means of a deed.№ 499, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The administration of an estate may be a complicated business.№ 500, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The number of muggings has been reduced in this area.№ 501, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Petty pilferings are on the increase in department stores.№ 502, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120In Scotland, defamation is only one form of verbal abuse, the others being slander and malicious fraud.№ 503, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120That hireling had worked inside an organization for a longtime in order to provide secret information to the enemy.№ 504, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120A dispatch officer reviews the problem and sends the information to one or more available patrol cars.№ 505, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The Mellings were wrong to fight the decision – they are only foster parents.№ 506, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120A human being has legal personality from the beginning to the end of their life.№ 507, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120High Court judges are also known as puisne judges (pronounced puny).№ 508, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120An argument in favour of the change is that it might reduce the chance of jury nobbling taking place in the first place.№ 509, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The issue of disclosure is concerned with the responsibility of the prosecution and defence to reveal information related to the case prior to the trial.№ 510, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120It can be difficult to enforce judgements against debtors, responsibility for it largely left to the parties.№ 511, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Although the majority of tribunals are obliged to explain their reasoning if requested, a few are not.№ 512, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The Court of Appeal seems to feel that overturning jury verdicts weakens public confidence in the jury system.№ 513, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The interception and recording of the telephone conversations have been ordered by the district court judge under the CCP.№ 514, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120

At the first inquest in Alice Springs, the police said that the clothes had been removed from the child by a person, not an animal.№ 515, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120Reasons for committing a crime include greed, anger, jealousy, revenge, or pride.№ 516, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The Court is committed to providing access to justice to the people of the state.№ 517, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120After a defendant appears in court, the court must decide whether he or she is to be held in custody.№ 518, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120All lawyers are under duties of competence, diligence, impartiality, courtesy, fidelity to law and their client’s interests.№ 519, 0, 4, 1, 1, 120The main purpose of the hearing is to determine whether there is enough evidence to commit the accused to trial.

IV. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate grammar form(s).№ 182, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120A lot of police officers want to discuss this case including detective Johnson who ….. with his inexperienced assistant.-is arrived-has arrived-had arrived-arriving-arrive

№ 183, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120They are still discussing how the case should progress in view of the statements which …. .-have been received-had been received-was received-have received-has been received

№ 184, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120No one will be able to steal the jewels unless they …. the secret code.-don’t know-know-haven’t known-had known-didn’t know

№ 185, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120Even though he objected to violence, he was made ….. in the army.-serve-serving-to serve-be serving-to have served

№ 186, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120It is high time the judge … his decision.-has made-made-had made-to make-to have made

№ 187, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120Great Britain is known to be a member of the European Union and …. a great contribution to its development.-make-was making-making-had made-made

№ 188, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120It was under inauspicious circumstances that the Constitution of the United States … .-have been drawn up-has been drawn up-is drawn up -was drawn up-would draw up

№ 189, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The Constitution … 26 times since 1789, and it is likely to be further revised in the future.-was amended-has been amended-had been amended-is amended-was being amended

№ 191, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120According to the Constitution of the USA any candidate can be elected President without …. a majority of the popular vote.-has been received-to receive-had been received-received-receiving

№ 192, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120Elections … last month returned the Republicans to power.-holding-to be held-held-being hold-has been held

№ 193, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The accuser’s neighbour complained that the offender … insults at him, and a charge was laid.-shouted-had shouted-has shouted-shouts-was shouted

№ 194, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120Statutes may also clarify an area of law that … unclear by the case law.-have been left-were left-had been left-has been left-are left

№ 195, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120

Statutes often need interpreting and these interpretations …. to the statutes in turn become part of the law.-giving-given-having given-has been given-had been given

№ 196, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120Gradually, it became the practice of the judges to follow decisions made in earlier cases if the same or similar facts ….. .-have been involved-has been involved-would be involved-were involved-will have been involved

№ 197, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120A person cannot be denied life, liberty, or security of the person unless the principles of fundamental justice ….. .-aren’t followed-haven’t been followed-are followed-had been followed-will be followed

№ 198, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120In most cases community treatment involves ….. the child on probation.-being placed-placing-having been placed-to be placed-to be placing

№ 199, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120There should be no sanction without breach meaning that nobody should be punished by the state unless they … a law.-didn’t break-hadn’t broken-broke-would break-wouldn’t break

№ 200, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120A judge must follow decisions … in courts which are higher up the hierarchy than his or her own.-to make-made-making-to be making-make

№ 201, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120Since the middle years of the twentieth century, the police in Britain …. much of their positive image.-had lost-has lost-have lost-lost-were losing

№ 202, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The police declined to criticize the guard’s actions noting that he could have been killed if the robbers ….. him.-saw-would see-would have seen-had seen-will see

№ 203, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120A person who does not disclose that an offence … in his or her presence or who does not assist in committing a crime, is not an accomplice.-has committed-has been committed-was committing-is committing-will commit

№ 204, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120Although he was a very experienced lawyer, he seemed …. a great mistake at the last trial.-have made-to make-to have made-made-making

№ 205, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120Before ….. the preliminary inquiries the accused has a right to present evidence and to make a statement on his own behalf.-helding-having held-holding-hold-to hold

№ 206, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120After …. guilty, he appealed the decision of the court to the province’s Court of Appeal.-finding-being found-having found-being founded-to find

№ 207, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120Once the court … the evidence and statements, it will decide whether to convict the accused or dismiss the information.-had heard-has been heard-has heard-had been heard-would hear

№ 208, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The court has …. a decision whether the public interests require a prosecution.-to make-to be making-to have made-to be made-making

№ 209, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The Speaker believes that the Parliament doesn’t submit bills concerning human rights for consideration unless they …. by international specialists.-haven’t been examined-were not examined-have been examined-will be examined-are not examined

№ 210, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120Ukraine was among the first twenty states … the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.-ratifying-to ratify-having been ratified-ratified-ratifies

№ 211, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120A new court system of general and specialized jurisdiction is …..within five years.-to form-forming-to be formed-to be forming-to have formed

№ 212, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120Women often suffer economic and social inequality either doing less well-paid work than men or …. less for doing the same work.-paying-being paid-have paid-pay-having paid

№ 213, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120If he had had no idea that he was delivering drugs, he … innocent of any wrongdoing.-would be-had been-would have been-was-will be

№ 214, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120There are court decisions which …that a person can be reckless even though he or she did not foresee the possibility of a harmful consequence.-had said-has said-says-have said-being said

№ 215, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120When they came back, their friend…. up by the police for being drunk in public. -would be picked-is picked-had been picked

-has been picked-will be picked

№ 216, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120In all serious cases, arrested persons are photographed and fingerprinted before …... .-having charged-being charged-be charged-to charge-is charged

№ 217, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120All accused persons have the right to defend themselves in court but in serious cases most prefer …. by a legal practitioner.-to be represented-to represent-having been represented-to have represented-to be representing

№ 218, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120He can’t … this crime, he was in prison at that time.-to have committed-commit-have committed-be committing-has committed

№ 219, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The police asked me to help them identify some thieves. They thought I had seen them … the bank.-to rob-rob-being robbed-having robbed-robbed

№ 220, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The jurors had been considering this matter for three hours before they ….to this decision.-come-has come-came-have come-coming

№ 221, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120She saw that sending to prison for five years … him nothing.-had taught-was taught-has taught-teaches-was teaching

№ 222, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120This decision is made on the recommendation of the officer in charge of the case after charges….…. .-have been made-will be made-would be made-had been made

-made

№ 223, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The USA is known ….. one of the most democratic societies in the world.-being established-to establish-to have established-to be established-to have been established

№ 224, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The new law provided new rights to people and …. on the laws of the European Union.-were based-was based-has been based-have been based-are based

№ 225, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120If he hadn’t given evidence then, the police … this dangerous criminal.-wouldn’t arrest-wouldn’t be arresting-wouldn’t have arrested-won’t arrest-wouldn’t has arrested

№ 226, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120When the police examined the house they found that the lock … .-were broken-has been broken-had been broken-is broken-be broken

№ 227, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120Attempts have been made to codify Ukrainian law but so far there …. little progress.-have been-is-was-has been-had been

№ 228, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120Every labor function has its own distinctions and this ….. legally in the labor contract.-is being reflected-reflects-is reflected-reflected -has reflected

№ 229, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The lawyer thought that his client should sue the police because he … without any evidence.-has been accused-had been accused-has accused-accuses-is being accused

№ 230, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120Until recently, members of the parliament … on a single-member constituency, the system similar to those of Britain and the USA.-is elected-are being elected-have been elected-was elected-had been elected

№ 231, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The American people may adopt an entirely new Constitution by …. a new constitutional Convention.-being called-having called-calling-having been called-calls

№ 232, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120Without his help, the police might not …. this criminal.-have arrested-has arrested-arrests-had arrested-be arrested

№ 233, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120When initially detained he … on bail yesterday.-is released-was released-was being released-had been released-has been released

№ 234, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The prosecutor … to this trial with Mr. Willis yesterday.-is satisfied to be-was satisfied to have been-is satisfied to have been-was satisfied to be-has been satisfied to be

№ 235, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120..…beforehand, he did not commit a crime.-being cautioned-having been cautioned-cautioned-having cautioned-to be cautioned

№ 236, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120Some countries have laws that suspend rape sentences if the perpetrator …. the victim.-have married-has married-had married-marries-have had married

№ 237, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120

My friend said we …to win the next trial.-could be-can be-will be able -are able-would be able

№ 238, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The young smuggler…to court.-was said/to be brought -is said/to have been brought-had been said/ to be brought-has been said/to have been brought-were said/to have been brought

№ 239, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120… practical results the criminologist proved the method of investigation to be correct.-achieved-achieving-being achieved-having achieved-having been achieved

№ 240, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120If we were rich, we … to help those poor people in that law case.-would have offered-would offer-offered-offer-had offered

№ 241, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120Authorities in New Mexico… to admit they …to death four white men who were innocent.-had been forced/have sentenced-was forced/has sentenced-were forced/had sentenced-are forced/sentenced-were being forced

№ 242, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120This investigator …to have completed his job before he left.-must -should-has-ought-is

№ 243, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120They considered that the law…in that country.-abolish-to have been abolished-to have abolished -should be abolished-abolished

№ 244, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120… the offender the officer cautioned him not to drive too fast.-having released

-releasing-to release-to have released-being released

№ 245, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The Crown Prosecution…. in England and Wales by the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985.-is established-has been established-had been established-being established-was established

№ 246, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120If the detective found the trace of the suspect, he….about it to the police station.-would have informed-would be informed-would be informed-informed-would inform

№ 247, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The option contract … the holder of the option the right to buy or to sell a specified quantity of a specific security at a stated price.-is given-give-would give-should give-had given

№ 248, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120… crimes the police perform its main function.-being prevented-having prevented-to prevent-preventing-prevented

№ 249, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120Charter …by later English Kings.-has been confirmed-had been confirmed-confirmed-was confirmed-were confirmed

№ 250, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120If there are no near relatives, the surviving spouse ….. the whole estate.-will get-would get-gets-got-would have got

№ 251, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120A local authority …. responsible for deciding where the child should be accommodated.-were known/to be-is known/to have be

-is known/to have been-known/to be-is known/to be

№ 252, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120They said the lady … in prison which simply wasn’t true.-has been-was-have been-had been-hasn’t been

№ 253, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120… of an offence he was detained.-having suspected -having been suspected-be suspected-suspected-being suspected

№ 254, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The first defendant who was from the London area, …. the correct answer.-hasn’t given-hadn’t given-didn’t give-won’t give-doesn’t give

№ 255, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The prosecutor is satisfied … in this case with Mr. Huge for two months.-to be working-were working-was working-to have been working-being working

№ 256, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The principal offender … to shoot him if he did not help him lure the victim into meeting them in the victim’s apartment lobby.-has threatened-threatened-be threatened-had threatened-threatens

№ 257, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120Under a supervision order a child….. with directions made by the court itself.-was required/to be complied-has been required/to comply-had been required/to have complied -being required/to comply-is required/ to comply

№ 258, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The European Convention on Human Rights…..first …in 1950.-has been/adopted -is/adopted-had/adopted

-was adopted-had been/adopted

№ 259, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The defendant appears…for a long time.-to have been waiting-to be waiting-to wait-being wait-waiting

№ 260, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120… scientific aids, he made a great discovery soon.-rendered-being rendered-having rendered-rendering-having been rendered

№ 261, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120If bail …, the defendant may apply to a High Court judge or to the Crown Court for bail.-was refused-have been refused-is refused-had been refused-refused

№ 262, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The juvenile court wants this child …a guardian.-to be-to have been-to have had been-having-to have

№ 263, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The chief of the police station said nothing about Mr. Bell whom he….. .-has replaced-replaced-had replaced-had been replacing-has been replacing

№ 264, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The court allowed him … at home.-to have remained -to be remained-to remain-being remained-to have been remained

№ 265, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The judge told us what crime the offender … guilty of, if the evidence supplied by the prosecution was true.-would have been-would be-would-will be-wouldn’t be

№ 266, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120When … from the Lords the Bill may well have been altered.-having emerged-emerged-had emerged-emerging-emerge

№ 267, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The verdict of “Not guilty” on all charges … by the jury.-had been brought -brought-being brought-will be brought-has been brought

№ 268, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The attorney is satisfied … this case with his assistants since spring.-to be investigating-investigating-to investigate-to have been investigating-investigate

№ 269, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The policeman… him a fine for parking in a wrong place.-had charged-is charged-charged-have charged-had been charged

№ 270, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120If the lawyers-probators … already, we’ll give them something else to do.-had finished-have finished-has finished-finished-finish

№ 271, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120We are concerned about people … in prison without a trial.-being held-having been held-held-holding-be held

№ 272, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120He put off … decision till he had more information.-having made-having been made-being made-making-to make

№ 273, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120

If he finds the grounds established, the sheriff …. the case to the reporter to arrange a hearing.-remits-remitted-will be remit-would have remitted-would remit

№ 274, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120Our boss was fined for … in charge of a car.-having drunk-being drunk-drunking-having been drunk-drunks

№ 275, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The common law offences …by 1986.-has been codified -had been codified-being codified-will have been codified -codified

№ 276, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120A local authority prefers the child … at home under supervision or place him/her with foster parents.-to have remained -to have been remained-to remain-to be remained-remained

№ 277, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The accused was satisfied … by a lawyer to ensure a properly prepared defense in court.-to have visited-to visit-be visited-to be visited-visited

№ 278, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120... he was released on bail in the interests of the investigation.-be questioned-having been questioned-questioning-to have been questioned -to be questioned

№ 279, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120We are concerned about people … in prison.-having been held -having held -hold-holding-being held

№ 280, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The offences….. just… by the police service in London.-had been classified

-has been classified-classified-have been classified-would be classified

№ 281, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The Government and Parliament will develop and … the development of crime prevention schemes. -encouraged -encourages -encourage-would encourage-is encouraging

№ 282, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120If evidence is improperly admitted, a conviction … be quashed on appeal.-be able to-would be-can-will be able -would be able

№ 283, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120Fortunately, … the guests were injured when the fire broke out in the hotel.-none-none of-no one-no one of-nobody № 284, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The police questioned all the eye-witnesses but they didn’t find anyone capable of describing what exactly … .-happened-was being happened-had happened-was happening-happening

№ 285, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120His computer game addiction … worse.-are getting-is getting-are becoming-is transforming-are transforming

№ 286, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120He … more and more addicted to drugs.-gets-is getting-had been getting-have been getting-has got

№ 287, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120I heard that … of the defendants was found guilty in yesterday’s trial.- neither-all-some

- any-nobody

№ 288, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120I heard that … defendants were found innocent in yesterday’s trial.- both- either - any- neither-no

№ 289, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120My lawyer advised me to make … of this difficult situation.-the worst-the good-the well-the best-the better

№ 290, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The thief admitted … the jewels.-having stolen-on stealing-to steal- stolen-stole

№ 291, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120That man is believed … the accident.-to cause-to have caused-causing-caused-to be causing

№ 292, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120They are unlikely to … the crime.-have committed-has committed-commits-committing-committed

№ 293, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The police forced the criminal … the car.-to get into-to get by-get into- getting into-got in

№ 294, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The police … the precious stones on display at the gallery.-have been guarding-has been guarding-guarded-is guarding-are guarded

№ 295, 0, 3, 1, 1, 120The police questioned all the eye-witnesses … were capable of describing what exactly had happened.-none of which-none of whom-none of who-somebody of them-none of that