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10

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11

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12

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14

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15

1919), ,ll;OCAi.ll;HHK raAH!,!bKO-y1<paiHCbKHX roeopie Ha­IlHCaB ,,npo roeip raAH!JbKHX AeMKie." Aheie 1902. i 6araTo HayKoBHX npagb 3 AiMIHKH eTHOAorii (rpe!,!bKe CJ\OBo: Hapo,ll;03HaHH.R) i Ai.RA6KTO.llOri"i (rp. CA. HayKa npo roeipKH), .HK TaKom. 0.ll.Rcp Epox, npocpecop

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16

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KOPOTKYil1 fEOf PACOIYHYIH or A~A AEMKIBIJJYIHYI.

~eMKiBl!!~rna, ge ripcbKa KpaiHa. KaprraTH, rrpo3BaHi TaKom BepxoBHHOIO, AiAHTbCH Ha HH3bKHH, a6o AeMKiBCbKHH 13ecKHA, 1!!.0 MeJKys Ha cxoAi BiA AiKe­peA CHHY 3 BHCOKHM a6o 13oiiKiecbKHM EecKHAOM.

AeMKiecbKHH 13ecKHA HeBHCOK~H, AOXOAHTb ycboro AO l '125 M. i HecTpiMKHH, rrpopi3aHHH 6araTbOMa npoeaAaMH ii rnopoKHMH AOAHHaMH. AeMKiBcbKi ropH 3aHMaIOTb rrpH KOpAOHHOMY Kpai KapnaT eiA cxoAy KiaAHTY r opy 3 B.aceA.eM, 3aripHHCbKi eepxH, Tup.RB­CbKi, BiAbxoseghKi, EiAoropcbKi, AiUIHHHCbKi yarip.a, 1!!.0 paaoM ai CTopoiKiBCbKHMH rop6oBHHaMH siHKOM oKpymyIOTb CHHi!J,bKi 3eMAi. AaAbrne po3Ta6opHAHCb KoMaH11aHCbKO • Ayni<iBCbKi sucoKopieHi, 8uCA011aH­CbKO-Mol!!aHe!JhKi sepxH, AYKAHHCbKi ropu, AiAH, fy6HHi, ~eipHHKH, fa6ypi,. KH11epH, (Ky11epH), Me­pemKH. BiA 3ax0Ay cTop11HTb CTyAeHHH Bepx, ~Bo­pHcTa ropa, eepx Tucoee, DAixHapcbKa BucoKa, r OCTpHH eepx, Buco Ki ropH 3 EepeCTHM, AaJ\bllle 3HMHHH lllnHAb, BaneHHi ropH Ta CKaAbCbKi yarip.a HaA pi11Ko10 CKaAKOIO.

KaprraTH - s aMoprnKOBHMH ropaMH ii CTOHTb y 3B 7.ff3KY 3 Be.l\HKOIO CHCTeMOlO 3MOpllIKOBHX rip, a caMe a AAbrraMH ii BaAKaHOM.

3axiAHi KaprraTH THrHyTbCH BiA AyHaIO no norrpa,4 i TopHcy; 3.1\0iKeHi a nicKOBHKiB i AynaKis q>Airneaoro xapaKTepy - Ha cxoAi no C.aH i A.a6opegh. Cepe4

blOCTpOaaRa lcTopl• J\e11KIB1j!HBH 2

18

g1e1 cMyrH, M' JIKOi CBOiMH cpopMaMH, poaciJIHi aanH.R­KOBi cKa..rngi, HaimeHi Ta rocTpi. Haii6iAhIII ix Ha.it AyHaiigeM (OeHiHH e 3ax. BecKHAi 982 M. eHc.), Ha.it PycbKHM noTOKOM (BHCOKi CKaAKH 1.052 M. BHc.) i nonpa.itOM. Ha niBACHb Bi.it HH3bKOfO DCCKHAY T.RrffCTbC.R cMyra BHracAHx eyAbKaHie, Op.RIIIiecbKO­ToKaH:chKi KapnaTH (1.092 · M. BHCOKi).

JJ.yxe zapHUii. numOMO JleMKiBCbKUii. KpaeBua s OKOJ\Hgb ifS.erecToBa ifS.HBYll· Ha ropi BHAHie AiM T-ea ,,Enapx. noyjq"

B iB.erecToei ifS.Hegi Ha T. sB. AonaTi.

AA.ff i;iepexo.ity KapnaTH - He aamKi1), 6araTo npocMHKIB, TOMY KOMyHiKagiH:Hi BiAHOCHHH AOCHTb .1to6pi.

Mim J!HMH ropaMH, piKa C.RH npopi3yeTbC.R cpi6HoIO .ACHTOIO (npoaaaHHH - ,,cpi6HOJ\CHTHH CRH,") f!!O

1) H. IlacTepHaK, Ruske Karpaty w archeologil, Dpara 1928.

19

6epe noqaTKH a KapnaT B OKOAHJ!HX MicTeqKa CH• HOK (CHHKH), a npHTOKOIO BHc.l\oKa, BHil.l\HBaioqoro 3 BHcAiqaHCbKHx sepxis, a Ma.l\HMH no6iqHHMH Tap­qoio - a6o Mopasoio, no6iq aaripH a OcAaBoIO i 6araTbOMa ripcbKHMH psyquMH noTiqKaMH; Aa.l\bllle nAHBe BHcAoKa, BiAa, Pona, i:go paaoM nAHBYTb a CHHOM AO BaATiHCbKoro MOpH. 3axiAHIO AeMKiB-

KaMillb ,, 'fopmuqa" na zopi Ilycmiii KOJZO }l(etecmosa (1061 M). !Je qy40 -Oyiiaor .l\.eMKiBCbKOl npHpO;t;H; BHll!qe

KaMeBll neqepa pos6HiauKiB •

,,l(iRBOllbCbKUii KaMiHb" na zopi Hsopuni. KpHBHl&R 11\usegb (1116 M.) Oi4 KaMeaeM yKpaiHcbKi TYPHCTH.

.IgHHY npopiaye AYH86!Jb 3 nonpaAOM, i:go BHilJ\HBa6

.a niBAeHHboro 6oKy aaxiAHHx KapnaT. 3aKapnaTTH apolllye ai cxoAy Y iK a Y J\HqKoIO,

Bupasa, Aa6opegb a lliHpoKoIO, 0HAaBa i Tapqa Ha noAyAHe. Yci KapnaTCbKi piKH i piqKH 6araTi B pH6y. PycAa piK BHJ\OiKeHi TB~PAHM KaMiHHHM,

2*

20

sepHHCTHM niCKOM, igo HClA36TbCH AO scix 6yAiBeAb· HHX i TexHiqHHX po6iT. KapnaTChKi piKH nosupi3-6AJOBID\H npOAOB.M{ BiKiB r.1rn60Ki KOpHTa, HKHX cna4 Ha npocTopi OAHOrO KiAbOMeTpa AOXOAHTb AO CTO MeTpis. TaKa CTpiMKiCTb HctAa6TbC.R AO npHMiH10saHHJ1 CH.l\H BO.AH AO BHTBOpeHH.R BeAHKaHCbKOi eHeprii, igo Hei M02KHa rHaTH BeJ\HqeH3i MaIIIHHH.

6eperH piK aaBa.l\eHi BeAHKHMH KaMiHHHMH 6pH­J\aMH, 3J\OM3MH CKaA, 6yAiBeJ\bHOrO·TpiBKOro MaTe­pi.RAy. 0AHaqe ge Bee Ha m.aAb J\e2KHTb HeBHKOpHcTaHe.

36upa10m& (zpa6a10m&) OBec. Co110TaHaa K. KpHeHyi.

3aTe J\eMKiBCbKa aeMJ\HqKa KaM' .RHHCTa, s6ora nicKyBaTa, rOAY6 CBoix MeIIIKaHgis OAHOIO TiAhKH 6yAh60IO Ta BiBCOM. fipcbKi nacOBHiga J\HXi, nopocAi HAiBgeM i TepHHHOIO.

Ha AeMKiBigHHi ripchKe niACOHH.R: AiToM 6araTo AOigiB, XMapH 3aAepm.yJOTbC.R Ha BHCOKHX ripcbKHX AaHg10xax KapnaT, TOMY B AiTi qacTi 3AHBH i rpoMH, a 3HMOIO HaBaAa cHiry. 6e3nepepHBHi siTpH B AY­K~.RHChKOMy, KOpOCH.RHCbKOMy, .RCAHCbKO.l\Y Ta Ayn­KlBCbKOMY npocMHKax.

3eMAH 3Ae6iAhIIIa KaM' .RHHCTa, Hespom.aliHa, TOMY AeMKH MYC.RTb Bam.Ko npag10BaTH, igo6 a Hei npo­JKHTH. y 6araTbOX ceJ1.ax HeMa6 AOia,11.iB AO IlOJl.H, 60

21 . . . . .

BOAa IJ!OpOKY BHropTa6 BY3bKI ripcbKI AOp12KKH, 31-~yBa6TbC.ff 3eMA.R, TaK; IJ!O AeMKO qacTo MYCHTb Ha xpe6Ti HOCHTH Haei.3 - a6o giAHH CBiH AOpi6oK. 0AHatie AeMKO He 2KHBe TiAhKH 3 ynpasn piAAi; BiH nAeKae xyAo6y - C.l\aBHi pitIHi Toprn Ha BOJ\H B Po­rax Ha AaepeHTi.R, e PnMaHoei Ha BapTO.l\OMe.R, ..11;aBHiiµe B CTeperpnMgi Ta B 6apAH6Bi. CTpoAae Ta­K02K Aepeeo, .RAHgi, cMepe1rn, 6yKH, 3aiiMa6TbCH ne­pepi6Ko10 cnporo AepeBa Ha TecaHi, pi3aHi 'a6o KO­..J\eHi 6eJ\bKH, .l\aTH, AOWKH, npoTeci, rOHTHj BHB03HTb ..11;0 Mic~a onaAoee TeepAe 6yK~Be, a6o H.l\OBe A~peeo, · CTOBil!JI Ta .l\aTKH AO oropom1, 3aHHMa6TbC.ff p1BH02K MHCTe!JbKHM 8Hpo6HH!JTBOM 3 AepeBa. ()AHatie 6e3 -OrJ\HAY Ha Tef 6araTo; 60 ,110 BiHHH Maiime 3 K02KHOi xaTH BHi3AHAO OAHO a6o AB06 tieMJAH AO AMepHKH, KaHaAH - Ha 3apo6iT01<:.

3nMa B KapnaTax AOBWa (Ao 1/ 2 poKy), Him Ha

AOAax. Aic 9a niAHimmi KapnaT Ha gaxoAi 6yKOBMH, IlOBO.l\i nepeXOAHTb y WilH.l\bKOBHH (.RAH!J.R, CMepe1<a). Tio3a Meme1? Aicy pocTyTh Tpaen ii ,,mepen" -I<.apAoBaTa ripCbKa COCHa.

Y caMHX ropax 36immH niaHo AOBpieae; ciIOTb ne­peeamHo, .Rpe 36immH, oaHMHHa BHMep3ae, a6o BH­npieae niA rpy6HMH eepCTBaMH CHiry, HaTOMiCTb niAripcbKi CTOpOHH HaAalOTbC.ff AO nJ\eKaHH.ff ropo-. . AOBHH I rapHHX OBO'lleBHX CaAIB.

AeMKiBCbKa 3eMA.R 6araTa e pi3Hi niA3eMHi cKap6H. CTo6itI Ha<f>TH, 3aAiauoi PYAH, noKAaAiB aeMHoro BOCKy, I'incy, 6yAiBeJ\bHOfO KaMiHH.ff i TBepAOrO AO­poroeoro wyTpy e KapnaTCbKHx piKax, Haii6iAbWe '6aragTeo AeMKiBIJ!HHH - ge AitIHHtii - MiHepaAhHi ..11;mepeAa e l!!aeHngi, KpHungi, LB.erecToBi, PHMa­l'loei, leOHHtiy, BipxoMAi, BHcoeiii, BaneHHiM, nepe­r pHMgi, r aHbtIOBiH, PaAO!JHHi Ta 8 iHWHX. B3aI'aAi Ha giAoMy AeMKiBcbKOMY IliAKapnaTTIO Ta 3aKap-

22

rraTTlO HaXO,iVITbCH HeogiHeHi rrpHpOAHi CKap6H, -o;!\Hatie AeMKO a THX cKap6is HeMas. MaibKe Hi.ffKoro XI CH a.

KoAHCb KaprraTCbKi CTopoHH 6yAH rycTo aaAiceHi, cboroAHi TYT s s.me 6araTo J\HCHx rrporaJ\HH. TaKoLK i3 lIHCAeHHOi 3BipHHH i IITallIHi MaAO HHHi AHIIIHAOCb,

I'OCllOOOpCbKi aa6y{}ysaHHll i naciKa .l\bsa Ko6aeboro B .l\ocJO, K. Aa6ornl.

MeABeAiB Ta p11cis y.me 30BCiM HeMa€, a BOBKiB, AH­KiB i J\HCiB l!!Opaa MeHIIIe; 3aTe 6araTO 3a.Rgis i cepH.

AeMKiBCbKi yaripH 6araTi y sciA.ffI<i ,,Eo.mo10 py­Ko10" AaHi OBOlli, .ffrOAH, ropixH, qepeIIIHi, 6e3J\i1! AilIHH1lOro ai./\./\.ff Ta MeAOAaHHHX poC./\HH.

AeMKiBl!!HHa, ge OAHa a Hai1:1<pa1!!HX ripcbKHX KpaiH, 3 IIHTOMHM co6i HaCe./\eHHHM i opHI'iHa./\bHOlO 6araT010 KYAbTypo10.

23

!JiAa AeMKiBJ!!,HHa, ge Ta 11acTHHa ra.l\H!,!h.Koi aeMAi, }IKiH Haii6i.l\bllle . CYAHJ\OC}I BiAtIYTH Ha co6i HaTHCK 11y.amx HapoAiB Ta ix BOJ\OAapia ai aaxoAy Ta no­AYAHH, .HKY HaHCKOpllle BiAipaaJ\H BiA MaTipHoro IlHH Ta niAAaJ\H BJ\aAi 11ymHx Aepmaa. Ta, igo gi ,iiepma­BH 6yAH 11acoM CHJ\hHillli ii MaAH .3a co6010 n0Mi11

I'ocnooap B JlOii6uKy ai CHHbOl'O cyKtta, g qepeOHOIO o6WHBKOIO. 3 nepeAy i ao aaAy. MHroea 80.1111.

(.H. <I>a.11bKOBCKi - 8 . CTawHHgbKHH, Ha .11eMKiBCbK0·60HKiecbKOMY np0Mem111i, Abeie 1935).

CBiTCbKHX i gepKOBHHX .3BepxHHKiB, AerKO 6yAo "iM ni,<\nOp}IAKyBaTH co6i !!IO 11aCTHHY yKpaiHCbKHi TepH­Topii, igo C}lraAa ai,ii C}ltty (AaJ\eKo Ha aaxi,ii), AerKo 6y.l\o npHCMHpHTH 6iAHe AeMKiBCbKe nJ\eM' .SI. 0,iiHatie caMi 11y21mHgi, igo HaTHCKaJ\H Ha Hallly Kp}liHy ai CXOAy, Apyri 3 IlOAYAH.H i .3 niBHOlli, 3 11acoM caMi

24

rri.ii;rra.ii;aJ\H rri.ii; BIIJ\HB Hamoi KYJ\bTypH, B CTapOBHHY

AY2KC BHCOKOI (6y.ii;oea gepKOB, qy.ii;oei IIHTOMO•J\CM-

rocnOOUHR Si CmJllOIO. flepettHa cTina XaTH M8JlbOBaHa: nepe4 MemKa&­BRM: lKOBTa ni4saJ1una, pe111Ta 11epeona a 6i.llHMH nacaMH. BiK&o o6paMo­

sane ea roJ1y60. BopoTa AO 6oi:J!!a zosTo Ma.J1boeani. IlpeAyKH (.H. <l>aJlbKOBCKi B. na111BHj!bKHH, Ha AeMKiBCbK0· 60HKiBcbKOMY

npoMemllli. Abeis 1935).

KlBCbKI IIICHI, 3BHt:Jai-o6uqai) Ta IIOBOJ\i CaMI yKpa­

lHISYBaJ\HCH, aJ\e O,ll;HOt:JaCHO !!.ff qacTHHa Hamoro Ha-

25

poAy, J!!O 6yAa Hapa2KeHa Ha HaTHCK jg 3aXOAy, aa1rnHaJ\a 3BiJ\bHa CJ\a6HyTH, . niAAaBaTHCH CHJ\bHI· UIOMY npoTHBHHKOBi Ta 3aTpaqyeaTH CBOIO OKpe-. . MllllHY HapOAHICTb.

ijHM IlOHCHI06TbCH, J!!O Hami gaxiAHi Ta IlOJ\YAHeBi cyciAH 3at.JaJ\H t.JHMpa3 6iAbme BpocTaTH a CHAY Ha HallliH 3eMAi, THM6iJ\bllle, J!!O 6araTO HalllHX J\IOAeH, HaBHKJ\HX AO BHrOAH, rrepeXOAHJ\O 3BHt.JaHHO AOBOJ\i CKOpo TYAH, Ae 6yJ\o 3a6e3rret.JeHe CilOKiHHe, 6e3· *YPHe 2KHTTH. ijHM Tpe6a IlOSICHHTH, J!!O MH IlOBOJ\i BTpaTH.l\H ii 60S1p i MiJ,!!aH, J!!O rrpH HapoAHOCTH Ta Bipi 3iCTaAHCH caMi ceAHHH, !!HM TaK02K Tpe6a rro­HCHHTH, igo Ha AeMKiBJ,!!HHi AHIIIHAOCH TaK Ma.ho

' - -rraM HTOK yKpaIHCbKOI AaBHHHH. Opo rroxoA2KeHHH AeMKiB HayKa AO Terrep He MOrAa

6araTo cKa3aTH. CaMi MelllKaHgi rip 3BYTb ce6e He . TiAbKH AeMKaMH, a TaKom AO HeA~BHa 3BaAH ce6e PycHaKaMH, pycbKHMH AIOAbMH, Terrep y2Ke ii YKpa­iH!JHMH. Ha3ea AeMKO 6 t.JHCTO yKpaiHCbKa. AeMKO a6o /\eMt.JaK - !JH Ha3ea rrilllAa eiA CAOBa Ha AeM­KiBJ!!HHi garaAbHO B2KHBaHoro ,,AeM," a IlOAeKyAH 3BYt.JHTb ,,AeH," a6o ,,HeM," ge 3Hat.JHTb: HHo, moiiHo, TiAbKH (AHllle, J\HUleHb). 3 IlOl.JaTKY Ma6yTb !!H Ha3Ba 6yAa rrpH30BKOIO, J!!O rrpaBAOilo6i6Ho enepllle BH· HlllAa BiA cyciAHHX 6oiiKie. 06a Ti ,, rrAeMeHa" B3a­iMHO rrepeApa3HIOBaAHCH. EoiiKH Ha3HBaAH ceoix cy­eiAiB ,,J\eMKaMH" BiA AeM," a AeMKH 3HOB ,,6oiiKaMH" BiA qacTHgi ,,6oiis." 3a KaprraTaMH Ha3HBalOTbCH 3BHl.JaHHO ,,AeUlaKH," KOAH B2KHBalOTb t.JaCTHgi ,,Aem," a6o ,,AHUlaKH," KOAH B2KHBalOTb t.JaCTHgi ,,AHUl"­TiJ\bKH. 3 qacoM Ti Ha3BH 3aTpaTHAH rrpH3HBHe 3Ha­t.JiHHH Ta 1:errep He MalOTb HaHMeHlllOro BiATiHKY noropAH aHI AerKOBa2KeHHH.

Pacoeo AeMKH, ge t.JHCTH eTHit.JHHH THrr, - t.Jy2Ki AOMilllKH Ayme HeeeAHKi. AeMKH pilllyt.Jo HaJ\e2KaTb

26

He AO qym.ux Hapo4ie a6o n.l\eMeH {Wee4u, PyMyHu, Bo.l\OXH), HK AyMa.l\H 4eHKi ,IJ,OCAiAHHKH, 1) a.l\e 40 YKpaiHChKoro Hapo4y.

Ha1cpummR ZOJIOBU ,,qiayeAu&" g aepeAy i 3 Apyroro 6oKy. AoAiwuuii BucAiK.

(.H. <l>aJlbKOBCKi - B. nawHH!!bKHH, Ha JleMKiBCbK0-60HKiBCbKOMY apoMemmi. Ahsie 1935).

KiJTbKO e BCiX JleMKiB? no geii 6iK KapnaT' Ha Ham iii cTopoHi m.uee noHa,IJ, 250 THCHtI AeMKiB, Ha

') J\.0<1iRcKi Ep. Galicjana. Kilka obrazkow z pierwotnych lat historji· galicyjskiej • .l\beie 1872 ..•

BayA. A. MaueiioecKi, Pierwotne dzieje Polski I Litwy, Bapwaaa 1846 p .

27

3aKapnaTTIO 150 THCHtJ, 3Hoey Ha eMir'pagii e AMe­pHgi, KaHa.lli, Apr'epTHHi, Epa3HAii arnee noeepx 250 THCHtJ. 3 ,l(aeHa ociAH Ta arneyTh AeMKH e IOro-

Molloouii zocno{}ap s coAoM'11eoMy KaneA101ni, oAiTHH rpaaaTRHM .Aaii6e­KOM a ryaHKaMH" Ta ryehKOIO. AoAimeHii BecAiK.

(R. <PaAbKOBcKi - B . nawHHJ!bKHH, Ha AeMKiBCbK0-6oiiKiBCbKOMY npo11e111mi, Absis 1935).

cAaeii, e OKOAH!JHX EatIKH, 3eaHi 6aqeaHChKi AeMKH,. oKoAo 50 THCHtJ. TaKom Ha Ma4s:ipcbKHX 3eMAHX, e OKOAH!JI Hipemra3H 3a THcoio (piKa Ha Yrpax.

28

enAHBae 40 AyHa10), noceAHJ\HCb nepe.tt BIHHOIO 4 po4HH~ B Aocboro K. PonH Ta 8 poAHH g KAHM­KiBKH B f opAHllllHHi.

Hesicma B zyHqi. AoAimHHH BHcAiK. OJ. <l>aAbKOBCKi - B. CTarnHHJ!b!<.HH, Ha AeMKiecbKo-6oi1KiecbKOMY

npoMemllli, Ai.eie 1935).

OnKe paBOM yc1x AeMKie·YKpaittgie .amee n0Ha4 650 THCHll.

29

PocmoM AeMKo CTPYHKHH, KpeMeauoi 6yAoeu, A06pe poaeHHeuuH: Ta CH.Al>HHH. Biu KpyrAoroAoeuH:, H:oro oqi 3Ae6iAbllla i 80.1\0CC.SI TCMHOi KpacKHj xoq y AeHKHX ce.l\ax, np. e Tpenqi, Aapoei, Molllaugi uar.l\HAHO e 0ApexoeiH: K. 3aplIIHHa, Aocs (qyAoei J\OC.SIHCbKi 6.1\bOHAHHKH) nepeeamaIOTb .SICHOBOJ\OCi THilH Ta CHHOOKi. Jn.iHKU CTPYHKi, eece.l\i, MpiHJ\HBOl

,, .. , i~~

;. ; i ~ 11 ...

J;I ,,.

.. '. •'I M

:. i/,1 u ' ·;:1

' I· '. ''

i; /: :· tr ,,

•.

jli '· r '·

• ! I i

" . . .

ff Ii

,,·)

~.1! ~ . f Mi ::-· "

fiE:~ L '.,;

1.~ •.,1/ •.!(

r~ F· c~ ;:::; gd . ~f 'II

~·· .. . ,, i

i,L '1

,~ ··I •:)

·1·:; ::• :/)'

::1 i;;r Hi t

m f:l; ..

•l•'.•uj 'fl ·+ :·1 r i!!J i

::i 1§1~ . * . {) I t "[ ·. ·~I t;;;

•• :. , .... , "" ·· . • ··:... ;':;t . "'

BUWUBKU pyKaBiB i o6iµUBOK: 'lepaono·roAy6i. KoMaHh'la, nos. CRRiK. (<l>oT. 51. ·Cl>aJ\bKOBCKi).

. . . AeKOJ\H BAaq1, Kpacm, 3Aopoe1 m4 K02KHHM or.l\HAOM i Ha npeqyA npagbOBHTi. OepeeamaIOTb KpacyHi qopHo6poei, Kyqep.Hei, si CMar.l\HBHM J\HqKOM (BeAH­KHH BHcAiK, CHHooKi - 6iAOAHgi e BocbKY i CHueei niA PHMauoeoM, pycHei KpaMnua, 4YKAHHigHHa iT A).

AeMKO AO ecboro 3Ai6uHH:, posyMiSTbCH - A06po­ro: JMO oqi 6aqaTh -- pyKH po6AHTb; eiu niAnpHsM­qHeHH, xeaghKHH Ta qecHHH. B 6iAi paTyIOTb ce6e

30

B3aiMHo, noMaraEOTb co6i, noaa.maEOTb IIIaHyEOTb ce6e Ta CBOfO OKpeMiIIIHiCTb.

Baal.fa AeMKa 3arapToaaHa, Taep.1J;a, piIIIyqa Ta cTaToqHo-po3BaLKHa. AeMKO AE06HTb .IJ;OBro TepniTH, aAe 6i.1J;a ToMy, XTO iioro HanacTyaaa 6u; He .1J;apye n'.RAH 3eMAi; aiH 3picc.R 3 ropaMH, noA10forn ix .RK piAHY MaTip, .1J;opoLKHTb HHMH. TyT i iforo caiT.

Pacoaa cniAbHOTa AeMKa 3 Y KpaiHCbKHM Hapo.1J;oM, Kpaca, cH~a H: nAo.IJ;OBHTiCTb - ge Migtta 3anopyKa i 6aragTBO H:oro MaH:6yTHOCTH. -

llpupicm HaCe.l\eHHSI HiqHM He CilHHEOBaHHH, HOp­Ma.l\bHHH; KOLKHa J\eMKiBCbKa XHLKeqKa IlOBHa po6yqoi "'leMI.IJ;H, a niq IlOBHa .IJ;iTeH:. 4e.l\.ff.IJ;b KH,IJ;a6TbCSI Ha sci -CTOpOHH, J!!06 -BHLKHBHTH ce6e Ta npo~HTH. .lKa.IJ;Ha T.RLKKa npa!JSI He ai.IJ;CTpaIIIye• AeMKa, aiH noTpa<f>HTb Ha piBHi 3 aMepHKaHCbKHMH My.l\aMH - npa!JEOBaTH B . aMepHKaHCbKHX KOila.l\bHflX, J!!06 IlOMOI'TH 33.1\H­IIIeHiH piAHi B KapnaTax. AeMKO 3HaMeHHTHH piAh­HHK·<f>apMep y KaHa.1J;i, ,1J;o6pHH nacTHp·ro.1J;iae.l\hHHK a ApI'~HTHHi; oJ!!aAHHH Kynegt.-npoMHcAoaegb a A­MepHg1.

AeMKO - ge npacTape yKpaiHCbKe pacoae nAeM' 11, J!!O 3 CBOiM roaopi 3a,1J;epLKa.l\O .IJ;OHHHi AyLKe 6araTO CTapo-yKpaiHCbKHX CJ\iB . ·11K: rycAi (cKpHnKH), ry.1J;aK .(cKpHnaK), cHnaHe!Jh (IIInuxAip) i T. A· Hai'.f3aMiTHi­IIIOEO npHKMeTOfO J\eMKiBCbKOi roaipKH 6 IlOCTiHHHH .HarOJ\OC Ha nepe.IJ;OCTaTHiM CKJ\a.IJ;i CJ\OBa (Bo.IJ;a, BiKHO i T . .IJ;.). 4epe3 BiKOBe cyci.IJ;CTBO 3 IlOJ\SIKaMH i C.1\0-BaKaMH MafOTb J\eMKH B CBOii'.f MOBi (6eci.1J;i) 6araTO "IYLKHX CAiB. 0.IJ;HatJe AeMKiBCbKa rosipKa Ha.l\eLKHTb ..l!-0 . yKpaiHCbKOi MOBH i TYTb 6epe CBOfO OCHOBY 1 Ill.IJ;J\OLKLK.ff.

3Bu'iai" ma o6u'iai". AeMKo a Hi110My He ocTasc11 TI03a.IJ;y caoix 6paTiB Y KpaiHgia. CnpaBAH_e r~qtti ..xpecTHHH, IIIYMHe aec1.l\AS1, noaHe LKHTT.ff i cnIBy.

31

CeHTKY6 ,,co6iTKy" e AeHb leaHa KynaAa, AI06HTb npa3HHKH (KepMeurn), o6xoAHTb BeAHKOAHi CeHTa, nHIIIYtIH cBoepiAHY nHTOMY AeMKiBCbKY nHcaHKy. Ta-1mm i Pi3ABO 6araTe B pi3Hi o6pHAOBi 3BHtIKH Ta 'flipyBaHHH. 3ot<peMa Be./\HKY Bary npHe' H3Y6 AO CBHTa l1opttaHi, floKpOBH np. BoropOAHgi, Cnaca, Bo3He­ceHHH, CB. MHKOAH, ce. AHttpeH, CB. IOpiH, CB. AH­MHTpiH. .J\eMKiBCbKe 2KHTTH on./\eTeHe Ta oKyTaHe tIYAHHM noBipHM, OCHyBaHiM 6araTbOMa nepeKa3aMH,

lleMKiBCbKi nucaHKU a oKo.rn~b C11n0Ka. Myaeii T-sa ,,AeMKisiynna". (<PoT. 51. <Pa.llbKOBCKi).

IJ!O ix nepeKaByIOTh 3 potta e pitt BipyBaHHHMH-3a6060HaMH.

y !!bOMY 6araTO HaXOAHTbCH cniAbHOro giAOMY JKpAiHCbKOMY Hapottoei, IJ!O pa30M 3 IlHTOMOIO J\eM· KiBCbKOIO HapOAHbOIO HOIIIelO AYtIHTb .J\eMKa 3 yciM :i,go ceoe-pittHe, 3 ttitta npaAitta - yKpaiHChKe.

llioli. Cepett piBHHX o6cTaBHH, Teepttoro JKHTTH, BHTBOpHAH MemKaHgi 3axiAHHX KapnaT, gi THxi npa­giBHHKH - .J\eMKH - 6araTy niceHHY KYAhTYPY· YKpaiHchKi 3HaBgi AOKa3yIOTb, IJ!O TaK, HK y1<paiH-

32

CbKa MOBa Al.l\HTbCH Ha Kl.l\bKa roe1poK,_ MliK HKHMK 6 .l\eMKiBCbKHH roeip, IlOAi6Ho TaKOiK I yKpaiHCbKa nicHH _ , J!H MOBa AYIIIi Mae ABi rO.l\OBHi BiAMiHH. BiAMiHH gi He e Ayme· AaBHi, e HoeiIIIoro noxoAmeuuH. 0AHa qacTHHa, ge cxiAHa - npHAHinpHHCbKa, 6iAbIIIe nocTynoea, Apyra qacTHHa KapnaTCbKa (ripcbKa), 6iAbIIIe cTapHuua. TyTb caMe uaAemaTb Mim iuIIIHMH

lleMKiBCbKa npoqecia iioe Ha sionycm, iKetecTiBIJ!HSa.m

H: -· ~ailli · AeMKiecbKi nicui. AeMKo, f!!O '' ue AI06HTb 3 npHpOAH HOBOCTeH, He cniIIIHBCH, f!!06 i CBOIO nicu10 3MiHIOBaTH. Ao Tenep f!!e cnieaIOTb cTap1, THilOBO yKpaiHCbKi, o6pHAOBi nicui, HK:

/(oJZRihcu: --- f aca, xAongi AO pHAy, CTponHeMo KO.l\HAY ! - CTpHIIIAH·CMe TY f!!eApyeaTH, 4H roTOBH KO.l\a'IH? IJ!eApHH Be'lep, A06pHH

[eeqep i T. A·

BeciJZbHi: CTo3epali, naHi MaTKO (2), !Ju C.R BH10T BiHgi rAaAKO? (2). !ju 3Te HaM TY paAi, gu 3Te HaM He paAi? HK 3Te HaM He paAi, TO niAeMe 3 TaAH-. B HawiM ABOpi cTae, Ae .R C.ff TY B3.RB. · XoAHB eM no YKpaiid, A10AH Mi TH HapaiAu, DaH Bir Mi T.ff Aae. 1

)

- Ko.Ao TOH xumu 3iM1 (2), 3aquHaTC.ff eeciM1 (2). - Cu~Aa 3ipKa, CH.RAa, 3 KHM TH Mapyc10 IIIJ\106 6paAa? 3 T 06010 HHh'IHKY - 3 T 06010, .HK .ffCHHH MiC.R!!b 3 3ope10, 3 3ope10 !

33.

I'alBKU: (ocTaHKH raieoK y nicH.RX, IMO BTpaTHJ\H o6pHAOBe 3Ha'liHH.R):

- Ao cawy Aie'laT~o, AO cawy, Ey AeMec.R A106HTH JJ.O qacy. 11IMH cawoeuHa He 3HIIIAa, y iK C.ff Haw a J\1060CTb p03HIIIJ\a.

EH: CH.ff. roH, AeAH.ff -lliTO·iKe Mi CH B 6pyJJ.KY npeBH.H.

OH: ropiAa AHnKa, ropiAa, A niA HhOB MHJ\eHKa ci.;J.HJ\a ! 1 T. A·

06;JJCUHKOBi: BHHAh me, r'a3AHHe, AO Hae 0A6ep eiHO'IOK OA Hae

He BHHAeIII cu ro Kynig, · flyHA3eMe !!H ro npenig. (BnAHBH CJ\OBaKie).

A Hawa iMOCTb He nHIIIHa Ha eopoToH:Ka BHIIIJ\a.

') CnisaJOTb s ce.11i MHAMKy, ii. MymHHH. IsaH. Byrepa ,,YKpaiHCbKe se­ciJIJl.Jl Ha ffeMKiHU{UHi, Absis 1936. •

IAJOCTDOBBea lcTopls fleMKiBJ11HBH 3

34

00 cnH, IMOCTIO, AOBOJ\i KeAh Maw BWHTKO a CTOAOAi. ·

KoJZucaHKli: 60, a, .s1 AIOJ\IO Mi, AIOJ\IO 00 niA ABeJ\eHy AYAIO

6H AYAH CH p038H6 6H AiTHHY npHKpHe, T. A·

A10AHH .me MH, J\IOJ\HH, KOJ\HWY .ff Te6e,

A KeT TH Mi acHew, To .ff J\HWY Te6e, T. A·

OH CHHY - MiH CHHy, .ff npo Te6e ruHy:

Hu so AHH, HH a HO'llH, Hil' Aa He CilO'llHHy ...

KOJlO.MUi1Ka:_ 1:fAe. KoaaK 6eperaMH, nIAKIBKaMH Kpewe.

3a HHM - .sa HHM waapHe AIB'lla, qepeweHbKH Hece.

6H BHWJ\? .ff Ha npKy IlOBIAaM Ka.saH.ff,

6H, HaH6H Mi, MaMyCH BHHeCJ\a CHIAaHH I T. A·

A Ha Rawi caAaWHHi CTaJ\aC.H HOBHHa,

A 10m Hawa MapuceHbKa nopOAHJ\a CH Ha i T. A·

lliyMKU: Ko6 H 6uAa 6iAy .SHaAa, He HWJ\a .saMi.m, J\eM ryA.HJ\a. f O.ff· roH, rO.ff·rO.ff f 0.1\0BOHbKOiK 6iAHa MO.ff i T. A·

Koaa'1.oK: A Bo.me MiH, Bo.me MiH, Ae c.s1 no Ai a pocKiw MiH?

Aye aiTep ~o poci, . IOa{ no MOIM pocK01111.

EMitpau/iini: 08 noAMe me M.H noAMe, CH 3 MaAHpcKoro Kpa10.

A, 60 Ha Hae, MaAHpH, eH KpHBO . Il03Hpa10(Tb).

B r aMepuge, B ca.11.bOHe, . B ca.11.bOHe, 0HIOT Bi HO 6paTOBe, 6paTOBe ...

. B CTapiM Kpa10, npu 06u11a10,

. iKeHa 6apa 6iAye, niaHo .11.iraT, paHo cTae, AITH roJJ,ye.

nu111e .11.HCTH AO HbOro, AO Myma. CBOHoro: TipuiA Mymy AO AOMy, AiTH nAa11yT,

BHAiTH XOTHT HHHH MOHOro. BiH iH TaK oJJ,nucye, 111To yme He npHiAe, Eo ro, A0.11.H r.11.11601<a ii AOpora Aa.11.eKa -CniTKaAa - He r aMepul<a.

I caMe gi Micgeai nicHi TBOpHTb paao~ ai cTa­pHMH THnoey, .11.eMKiBCbKY niCHIO, IJ!O ceoi~H OCHO­BaMH i niA.11.ommHM Ha.11.emHTb AO oiJnozo BceyKpaill­CbKOW-Mamipnow nicennow ocepeiJKa. 1 f!opumb -3 HUM, 3/lUBaembcR B oiJny yKpaillcbKY hiceH.ny KYllb- -- • . mypy i muM caMUM i naqionallbHY eiJnicmb. Oce­peAKOM npaBAHB0-.11.eMKiBCbKOi niceHH

0

bOi . CTapHHH~pi KY.11.bTypu e 6eanepe11Ho ceAa: Bucoaa, .J\iIJ!HHH, Ma• · . .11.acTiB, . CMepeKoaegb y f opA111-111nHi,1) aHoay Tap­HaBKa, BHCJ\01IOK, noAaBH B P11MaHiBIJ!HHi, 3HApa­HOBa, EapaiHoK, TuMl8a a AYKAHHIJ!HHi, MnAHK K. My111HHH. 2)

He AapoM TO KamyTh, IJ!O ,,y~pa1~egb cma~e g1-J\HH piK i giAHH ai1<." Eo ii cnpaBAt, K0.11.H TIJ\bKH

•) !Je ea oceoui TBepAmeHBll Bop. o. AeKaHa CTenaHa Kopeoue, Te· :nepimeboro napoxa B BHcouiii, K. l'opBH!.lb.

2) luae Byrepa, YKpai'echKe ueci.11.1111 ea Ae1o1Kiuiyesi, Ahuiu 1936 p. 3*

36

y.asHMO co6i g10 6ea.l\iq J\eMKIBCbKHX o6p~AOBHX niceHb, KOJ\.HAOK, l!!eApiBOK, BeCH.ffHOK, BeCIJ\bHHX, o6mHHKOBHX, Kyna.l\OBHX, , peKpyTCbKHX i as'.aaaHHX a eMiI'pagie10 aa 0KeaH, a6o HaA THcy Ha mHHBa,· TO no6aqHMO, l!!O nicH.ff ODOBHJ\a qapiBHHM cepnaH­KOM He TiJ\hKH mHTT.ff AeMKa eiA KOJ\HCKH AO MOrHJ\H,

YKpai°llCbKi iJimu Jle1t1KiB1J-4UHU cHnJ\llTb yeiTH ceoMy BAa4~yi Opeoce. AocacJ>aToei KoyHAOBCbKOMy, en. IlepeM. CaM6ip. i C1miyb1<0My, e 11aci A'oro 3BH4lKYBBHHll ceoei" nacTeH Ha AeMKiBl!!HHi, B ceAi AH4pe'ieKa KOAO

MywHHH.

?J\e ii o6tt~J\a e ce01 "paMe~a ece MHHyJ\e AeMKi~ I npo J\eMKIBCbKY OKparny, BIA AaBH.ff AO CbOfOAHI.

Y nictt.ax Aas AeMKO BHCAie yc1M npo.HeaM J\IOA­CbKoro KoxaHHH, IMO ece OAyIIIeBJ\eHe, ece AOpore, onpoMiHeHe HaiiKpal!!HMH nopHeaMH AYIIIi ii cepg.a, HiKOJ\H He aeymy6TbC.ff AO 3MHCJ\OBOi, TiJ\eCHOi ma­A06H'. B AYUii AeMKa mHee HimHe noeTHqHe noqy-

37

eaHHH, HKe BHJ\HBa6TbCH B cyMOBHTIH MpiHAHBOCTi

CeoepiAHe, He3pi.eHHHe ceoi~H ~eMKiecbKHMH epop­MaMH, MaJ\bO~HH1-11cT10 i1 AO!JIAbl:IICTIO - gepKoatte 6yAiBHH!JTBO, 3B

1

H3atte i1 06tt.s1Te B p.s1Mgi rapHHX J\eMKiBCbKHX 3BH1IaiB ra o6H1IaiB, BHTBopeHHX y CB06-. . . pIAHOMY ripcbKOMY THXOMY cepeAOBHJ!!I - BaAepmaAo AeMKiB y cniAbHoTi 3 yKpaittcbKHM MaTipHHM ntteM.

Tpaauqiii.ne npaB/lellllll. napacmaciB na lle.MKisiquni a qaci BeAHKoAnix Cs11T - na rpo6ax. Bnp. o. I. Byrepa npasHTb napacTac a MHAHKy.

f AH6oKa i TeepAa eipa AOnoMorAa AeMKaM nepe­TepniTH 6araTO CTpaxiTTH, nepemHTH naHJ!!H3H.ffHHH rHiT i BHKOpHCTOByBaHH.ff, BOHa 3aoxo1-1yea.l\a AO 060-poHH Ta AO 6opoTb6H. To.m AO mHTT.R i1 T.RLKKOI 6opoTb6H 3a ceoe icttyeaHH.R B ropax, AeMKO cTa­

BHTbCH, .HK HaHKpaJ!!e. lliyK96 B 1KHTT10 Kpa~H ~ pa­AOCTH Ta cnpoMorH. BH.RBHTH CBOIO OKpeMIIIIHICTb. E.HTHH THC.R1-1eAiTHiM AHXOAiTTHM - AeMKO AeJ!!o

38

npHHHK i nocyMHiB, aJ\e He IlOTOHYB y 6e3HaAiHHiif MeM1HxoAii; xo11a 11acoM 3aMKHYBC.R B co6i ii cTas HeAOBip11HBHH Ta 6a~4y2KHH ;tJ\.ff cnpas 6y4H.R, TO npH K02KHiH Haro4i, Hepi;tKO B roplO Ta HeIMaCTIO, CTae nepe4 HaMH, .RK J\IO;tHHa 13 340pOBHM, ;teKOJ\H' Mome 31/tJ\HBHM ryMopoM.

AeMKO Kame ,,11ymoro He xo11y, aAe csoro He 4a-

lleMl(iBCbl(i xamu: MaJ\bOBaHa Ha 11epe0Ho, e rocno11apcbKllf qacTn ua lKOBTO, a 6iJ1nMH nacaMH. Ha nepUioMy nJ111Hi a6n pae y BOllH pi'IKa Co­

J\HHKa, Aoe21my11. (H. <l>aJlbKOBCKi B. naJJIHHJ!bKHH, Ha J1eMKiBCbK0·6oliKiecbKOMy

npoMelKJKi, Abeie 1935).

py10"; ge sapTicHa npHKMeTa, IMO HaHKpaIMe xapaKTe­p113ye scix YKpaittgis i AeMKa, s M~rnyAoMy ii cy-11acH0My.

Ao Toro, IMO siH, He noc.Rras no 11yme, TpaTHB csoe, AeMKO ni3HO ;toAyMasc.R ...

AJ\e cTapoyKpaiHCbKa sucoKa KYAbTypa MaJ\a y co-6~ CTiJ\bKH 2KHTT6TBop11oi CHJ\H i TaKe I'J\~6oKe KO­plHH.ff BanycTHJ\a y HapOAHIO Macy, IMO grnHOCT.RMH

39

11 HapiA i Ha AeMKiBJ!!,HHi Mir nepemHTH qacH AHxo­AiTT.ff. Xoq 6araTo aaTpaTHJ\OC.ff i nponaAo, TO a6e· perAOCb Haiieamaiwe, - AI06oe i nowaaa AA.ff Tpa­AH!JiH, noqyeaHH.ff OKpeMiWHOCTH, nepeKOHaHH.ff, J!!,O AeMKiBJ!!,HHa yKpaiHCbKa a AiAa-npaAiAa, f!!,O TiAbKH Ha aawiii aeMAi MOmHa J!!,aCJ\HBO mHTH.

Bu{} Ha ce110 ,llo11xu1po, nosiT AicbKo; !JepKBB, KBil.J\H'IKa i J!BHHTap.

(<l>ol'. 5J. <l>a.Jl bKOBCKi).

EKOHOMil.JHI 06CTABHHH AEMKIBI!!HHH . .

(f ocnoAapKa Ha AeMKiBIMHHi).\

f apHi cnoraAH BaAepmaAHCH ,t\O CbOrO,i\HH MDK AeMKaMH npo .l(asHi, A06pi, 6e3mypHi qacH; TOAi

caMe seAHKi qepeAH osegb nac.AHC.ff cepeA KapnaT· CbKHX sepxis, - AeMKO 6ys CHTHH, npHoAiTHH, He "6aHysas" HK· siH Kame, 6e3 po6oTH i xAi6a.

06opiz. KpHee KOAO A:eepRHKa, nos. AicbKO· (<l>oT. 51. <l>aAbKOBcKi).

IIJ1yz a KOJle'fKGMU. KoMaHb'la, nos. C.11uiK. (<l>oT. 51. <l>aAbKOBCKi).

0.l(Hat.Ie, BHnac osegb, o6MemeHHH 3HeceHHHM cep­siTyTiB ~npaso BLKHBaHH») niAynaB 3Hat.IHO B Apyriii no.AOBHHt MHHyAoro CTOAtTTH, Ta qepe3 ge HyLKAa Hat.Ia.Aa 3arAH.l(aTH AO AeMKiBCbKoi xaTH. Apyrmo i,ge samHimoIO npHtIHHOIO 3y6omiHHH AeMKis - ge nycTa, HAOBa KaMiHHCTa 3eMA.ff, J!!ff o6Memye sci cnoco61:1 poByMHoi Ta nocTynosoi piAhHoi rocno.l(ap­KH. 6paK XAi6a, 6paK npagi·3aHHTTH, !JH HenOCH.l(IO-

41

'IiCTb AeMKa npHMy-11.1ysaAa lioro . lllyKaTH HOBHX AiKepeA npOiK.HTKy.

I ue AHBHO, l!!,O 3 noMiiK Y KpaYugis, nepIIIHH AeMKO siAKpus AMepuKy. Hali6iAhIIIHH siACOTOK eMirpaHTiB .3 r a.l\ffllHHH AO AMepHKH -- ge AeMKH.

AAe ii AO AMepHKH ue KOiK.HOMY cyAHAOC.H BH­ixaTH. A6o ue 6yAo ua Koro xaTy .l\HIIIHTH, a6o Tpe6a 6yAo uanepeA BiACAJiKHTH .BiHCbKO - a TOAi J!!,e Halli 6paT AeMKO BiA6ysas siHCbKosy cAytK.6y 12 poKis, a6o BKiugi ue KOiK.HHH AeMKO HaAasasc.H AO eMirpagii. 3aAHIIleHHH a ropax AeMKO ue npo­naAas; sin KHAaB co6mo ua sci CTopouu; XOAHB 3 KOCOIO AO niAripcbKHX ABOpis, a6o atK. Ha AOAH, Ha OoAiAA.H. EaraTo AeMKis XOAHAO ua muusa naA Tuey, ,4yuali AO yropcbKHx nauis i a geli cnoci6 A06ysa.l\H XAi6 1:1a 3HMY i nepeAH~BO~. ,4eHKi Top­rysa.l\H AOMaIIIHIMH TBapHHaMH, IHIIII 3aHHMa.l\HC.ff xaTHiM Api6HHM npoMHC.l\OM, TOl!!,O.

HaliKpal!!,OIO gixoIO TOAiIIIHboro AeMKa - iioro , caMOBHCTaptia.l\bHicTb. 3 noMiiK ycix raAyBeH uapoA­Hhoro AeMKiBCbKOro npoMHCAY - · TKagTBO BHCysa­€TbC.H ua nepllle Micge. B nisuitIHHx qacTHHax cau­AeghKoro, ropAH!JbKOro, .RCe.l\bCbKOro, KOpOCH.HHCbKO­ro nosiTiB - MaHtKe B KOiK.HiH .l\eMKiBCbKiH xaTi uaxOAHMO TKagbKi sapcTaTH. TKagbKHH npoMHCA AeMKis - noAoTH.HHHH, aui TaKoiK. cyKoHHHH He e o6qucAeHHH ua 36yT. AeMKO ue AI06HTb npoAaBaTH csoix TKagbKHx supo6is, TOMY caMe g.H rocnoAapCbKa raAy3b npHHOCHTb AeMKaM seAHKi KOpHCTH, 60 Aas TpHBa.l\e IlO.l\OTHO Ha 6iAA.ff Ta CH.l\bHe CJKHO Ha OAiHH.H. B napi 3 gHM noscTaIOTb 3api6Koi niAnpH­·6MCTBa ( CTJilH AO BTOBKaHH.H CJKHa, T. 38. cpoAIOIIli). . . i.go OCAyrosyIOTb BCI AOOKO.l\HlIHI ce.l\a.

3 icTOpHqffHX Of.l\.HAiB Tpe6a 3ra)laTH npo 3aKH­HeHy CboroAHi ToprosAIO osotiaMH. AasHil!!,e, HK ue

42

6yAo I<op40Hy (aeAeHoi CMymKH) Mim fa..rnqHHOIO ii YrpaMH - oTme He 6yAo TaKom !JAosoi cTopomi - TOAi AeMKO a OKOAH.!Jb BeAHKoro BHcAoKa, Cy­posHgi, BiAbxosoi, THxaHi, fpa6y, THJ\Hqa, AeAIO­xosa i MylllHHH - Kynysas Ha Y rpax sqacHi osoqi BHHOrpa4y, TpycKaBOK, SI6.i\OK i. T. A· i p03803HB ix no ABopax, aanycKa10qHc.H am no 6oxtt10 i KpaKie.

XaTa MaAhOBaHa Ha 'IOpHo (na<!>TOBOIO ponoro) 3 6iJ1HMH llaAinaMH. B i36i OABe eiKHo noAeiiiee, Ao.11iwBHH 8Hc.11iK.

(R. Cl>aJll>KOBCKi - B. nawHHgbKHH, Ha J1eMKiBCbK0-60HKiBCl>KOMY npoMelllllli, AbBia 1935).

Ao AaAeKHX MaHApieoK HaAemaAa TaKom Toproe.i\JI eiB!J.HMH. CAaetti AeMKiBCbKi eieqapi - Cf>iAbKO a Kpo­.1\HKa, Battbo CeMattie a TapHaBKH, Ottyq>piM: 6eM:MyK a Aa6oeoi Ta HHllli a Y <rT.H PycbKOro i iKAHHi xo­AHAH piK-piqHo AO CeMHropoAy, Kynyea.i\H cniAbHO coTKH oeegb i rHa.i\H 1x AO 0iAb3Ha, THxoea, Tap­Hoea, a6o am Ha lliAeCbK - .HK BOHH Ha3HB3.i\H - . ,,AO fiiAoi".

43

ChoroAHi Toproe.11.e10 oeegh ApyrHx AOMawH1x TeapHH aaHHMaIOThCH MewKaHgi · ce.11.a . PHxea.11.bAY, ropHHJ:!hKoro noeiTy, CHHeea, CTpyciKa, AeHKi 3 Bo· po6.11.HKa - CRHiJ:!bKoro noeiTy.

I!!e eaarniwo10 niAcTaeo10 .11.eMKiecbKoro rip~bKO­ro mHTTH - ge AepeeHHH npoMHC.11., Aic s AAH AeMKa oKoHetJ~HM Amepe.11.oM AOXOAY· B A~H~Hx ce­.11.ax, no.11.omeHHx cepeA rycTHX, CTapHx .11.1crn, np. YopHa BoAa, Ko.11.0 lli.11.HxToeoi, Aa.11.boea K . .Hc.11.HChK, Mol!!,aHegb, CypoBHJ:!R, Aapie, CypOBHlJHi no.11.HHH e PHMaHiBl!!,HHi - MewKaHgi 3aHHMaIOThCH CTHHaH­HHM, lJHl!!,eHHHM; .iiocTaBOlO H.11.HJ:!b, CMepeK, 6yKiB AO MicgeBHX TapTaKie, a6o AO 3a.11.i3HHgi i MiCTa.

nepepi6Ka Aepeea Ha npOMHCAOBi npeAMeTH CAa6o po3BHHeHa. AeMKO po6HTh Ha ceoi ·noTpe6H r'OHTH, Telle npoTiccH, AaTH, 6eAbKH.

f OAOBHHM ocepe,ll,KOM Api6Horo AepeBHOrO npo­MHCAY s ce.Ao HoeHJ:!R e f opAHlJlJHHi. TyTh po6.11.HTb npH noMotJ1 npocTHX, pytJHHX TOKapoK 1 BHKp11e.11.e­HHX HOiKHKiB Aepee'.srni AOiKKH, nyAe.11.Ka, Kopo60lJKH . - ,,Hl!!,HKH" - i AHTHtJi 3a6aeK11. 3 Hoe11gi BHpi6 .11.oamK nowHpHBCH AO Ail!!,Hff i 6aH11gi. B nepwHx poKax no ceiToeiH: eiH:Hi, eHpo611 a Ail!!,HH i Hoe11gi, rop.11.HghKi mHAH BHCH.11.aAH gi.11.HMH ear'oHaMH AO AMe­pHKH; cboroAHi eKcnopT giAl<OM 3aHenae, TOMY AeMKO 6epe ceiH Toeap Ha n.11.etJi Ta. MaHApys a HHM no ecix raAHJ:!bKHX To pr ax i HpMapKax. Y napi 3 . Api6-HHM AepeBHHM npoMHC.11.0M - po3BHBa6TbC.R TaKom. y nOB06HHiH A06i piab6a, ce6ro BHpo6H 3 BHpiay­BaHHMH npHKpacaMH. OcepeAKOM 36yTy ghoro Ho­eoro Ha AeMKiBl!!,HHi npoMHCAY cTaIOTh mHegi e Kp11-HHgi, .lKerecToei, IeoHHtJy, P11Mattoei; caMi aHoey piah6api - WHigHpi - IlOXO,ll,HTb 3 6i.11.HHKH, (rop­.11.HJ:!bKOro noeiTy), 3j 3aeoie K. PHMaHoBa, a Bi.11.hKH . 1<0.11.0 KAHMKiBKH Ta 3 Ba.11.yTHHKH (KopocT.RHCbKoro

44

nosiTy), IMO pi3b6'HTb . piBHi nocyAHHH 1 q>irypKH C?H~HX i nep~CHJ\alOTb i pe3HOIIIaIOTb IX AO BCIX IllAripCbKHX MICT.

y ceAi lliAHXTOBa, KOJ\O UlaBHHgi - po6J\HTb rapHi .itepes' 11Hi .cKpHHKH, y CsHTKOsiH: . - 11ceAb· CbKO!"O nosiTy, nAeTyTb KOIIIHKH 3 rHyllKHX HAisgeBHX

/l,o BepxoeHi.

Kopems, y Bopo6AHKY niA PnMaHOBOM BHnJ\lTaIOTb KOIIII AO B03a H: po3B9311Tb ix Ha Toprn AO PHMa­uosa, KopocHa, 6epe30Ba, CHHOKa H AicbKa. B ne­p~rpHMgi, . 11~eAbCb1wro ~osiTy - po6AHTb 6epe3osi MITJ\H Ha BCI KapnaTCbKl ToprH.

TpeTHM 3 pHAY samHHM BaHHTTHM AeMKiB 6 Ka­MeH11pcTBO. !JeH: npoMHCJ\ 30cepeAIKY6TbCH roJ\OBHO B CeAi BopTHe, neperoHHHa, ropAH!,!bKOro nosiTy, KpaMnHa, ct>oAIOIII - 11ceJ\bCbKoro nosiTy, PuMa-

45

HlBCbKa nocaAa; AeMKH B~TICYIOT~ B nicKOBOro Ka­MeHH - MJ\HHCbKl eeJ\HKl KaMeHI (Ha aaMOBJ\eHH.R - KpaMnH.RHCbKi MJ\HHCbKi KaMeHi 6y.J\H 3HaHi l!!e B 1811 p. B nepeMHlllAi - .RK HaHKpaIBi), MaAi mopH.RHi KaMeHi -- roAOBHO a PuM. HocaAH, Aa­AH~a, 6pycKH AO rocTpeHH.R H02KiB i KaMiHgi AO KOCH (oceAKH) a .!JeKAHHCbKoi BoAi, KOJ\O .!JeKAHHa. Y Ae.RKHX cTopoHax KapnaT Tpe6a Ao6yeaTH Ka­MiHH.R AO J!HX BHpo6ie niA 3eMAelO - TOMY B CTapHx AoKyMeHTax KaMeHHpie Ha AeMKiBIBHHi aeyTb "rip·

Ha ,,Opllunux Cicallax" JC. C.11eoica.

11.opoM na Cani Mia Ci.AhHOIO THp11eo10 Ta MperoAOAOM. (<I>oT • .R. <I>uhKOBcKi).

H.RKaMH". B TenepimHHx 11acax KaMeH.RpCTBO nepe­XOAHTb y KpaJ!!y cpopMy, y cpopMy po6AeHHH Ha­rpo6HHKiB, npHAOp02KHHX xpecTiB i CBHTHX.

,YiKaRHM TaKOiK o6'HBOM MaHApieHoro AeMKiB­CbKOrO npoMHCJ\Y - ge ..\poT.Rpi. ,Ye 11epeeama1011u8 ei;tcoToK MemKaHgie 6iAHoro ceAa, EiAa BoAa, Ha noAyAHeBHH; cxiA eiA l!!aeHHgi. BoHH MaHAPYJOTb 110 giAiH r aJ\H11HHi, aaXOAHTb am AO AbBOBa i AaJ\bllle Ha CXiA; 6araTO ix TaKO.iK 3apo6Aa6 B 0oaHaHJ!!HHi Ta B KopiHHiH noJ\bJ!!i.

3 rrpoMHCAOM KapnaTCbKHX 3eMeAb e'.RiKYTbC.R no-11afKH MaHApieHoi TOprOBAi Ma3el0 i CMapoBHJ\aMH

46

AO B03iB. QHM aaHMalOTbCH BiA AaBuix qacie MemKaH­gi ceAa Aocs, ropAH!JbKoro rroaiTy; Ao6yaa101:1H ai

f aeMHOi Ha<f>TOBOi pOIIH B CBOiM ceAi - BiAIIOBiAHi qac!H~H, BHpOOJ\HJ\H BOHH OKpeMi CMapOBHJ\a AO B031B I IIHTOMO-J\OCHHCbKHMH, KpHTHMH B03aMH poa-

HatjJmoei wu6u B BanieqL BunaJ110BaHHJl ean11a e 51eipKax, (Kopoce11HI,!!HHa). noe. Hoeeii Topr.

CeiTAHB I. .RpeMKo.

B03HJ\H - HK BOHH Ha3HBalOTb "Ma3IO" - no scix cyCIAHHX KpaHX - 3AOB/K yropcbKOro HH3y, qepe3 OoKyTcbKY BHcoqHuy, ai4rroqHaa10qH s KHmHueei, roAOBHOMY MicTi Bacapa6ii - a6o PHmiecbKHM WJ\H­xoM, qepea CTepeMHWJ\b, AhBiBCbKi 3eMAi, noAiAAH, . 3aqirra10l{H fygyAbJ!!HHY - rrepeiaAHJ\H piKy 36pyq Ta wHpOKHMH cTerraMH YKpaiHH, aai3AHJ\H B rAH6 Pocii. 3uoeym Apyri Ma3Hpi aanycKaJ\HJ\H ceoiMH

47

Ma3RpCbKHMH B03aMH npocTO Ha IllBHl'l; nepenpae­J\RJ\HCR qepea BHcAy, qepea A106AHH, ei.1J,TaK Bo­J\HHCbKi 3eMAi - am-Ao cborottHRUIHoi AoTBH. AeRKi MaIOTb Tenep ceoi CKJ\3.lf.H e A106AHHi Ta Bapmaei.

Aeigo Meume aaHHMaIOTbCR Topro8Ae10 Masi -CMapoBHA - MemKaHgi cycittHboro ceAa EiARHKH,

nosopom 3 ciHoKocis ao xamu. 2Kep11Hg11 B. (.ff. <l>aJ1hKoecKi - B. IlawHHghKHH, Ha J1eMKiecbKo-6oiiKiecbKOMY

npoMellll!li, J\beie 1935).

igo p03803RTb y BCAHKHX ttepee 'RHHX KOHOBKax-no­cy.IJ,HHax a6o HOC.RTb rycTy, 6ypy piAHHY - .lf.bOrOTb,

• ' • u • • 3 neperiHKH KaM .RHoro eyriAAR, ,lJ.epeea, H IH. pl'IO-BHH, ymHBaHHH ,lJ.0 CMapyeaHHR oceH npH eoaax, .RK 3aci6 npoTH rHHTT.R; .lf.bOrOTb a 6epe3oeoro Aepeea (emHea6TbC.si) ,lJ.0 BHpo6y lOXTOBOi lllKipH, TaKom .IJ,0 MaCTeH, npH AiKyeaHHi lllKipHHX _xopi6, a6o ,lJ.0 ee­TepiHapiHHHX giAeH.

•'

48

Ha aaKiHqeHH.R rOAHTbC.R pisHom araAaTH npo se­.1\HKY ynpasy gH6yAi Ta 110CHHKY B ce.l\i Tpen11a ni4 C.RHOKOM, EocbKO i C11His, 06i11 PHMaHoea. Mem­KaHgi THX Ci.I\ aacHnyIOTb piK·pi1IHO pHMaHiBCbKHH, C.RHi!J,bKHH, 6epeaiec~KHH, KOpPCH.RHCbKHH Ta AiCbKHH pHHKH qocHHKoM I ·· gH6yAe10. Ae.RKi AocTaeA.RIOTb eoaaMH gH6yA10 AO TapHoea, CTpHmosa, Cl>pHJIITaKa; BiACH eaI'oHaMH AO w .eegii H Hopeerii. flpH TiM nocepeAHHKH (poayMi6TbC.R LKHAH !) BHKOpHCTOBYIOTb Hace.l\eHH.R KapnaT, noHaA 150-2000/o.

floTiIIIal01.J:HM 06' .RBOM AeMKiBCbKOro LKHTT.R - apo­CTa1011e niA TenepiIIIHIO nopy aagiKpBAeHH.R CaAiB­HH!J,TBOM i naciqHH!J,TBOM1

). !Ji ABi f'aAyaH rocno­AapKH MOLKYTb aMiHHTH o6paa 3axi,zi;HHx KapnaT Ta 'THM caMHM ni,4HeCTH A06po6yT .l\eMKiBCbKOro Ha­Ce.l\eHlfH Ha 6amaHHH yposeHb scix YKpaiHcbKHX 3eMeAb.

1) A ,KOJ\HCb Myci.110 naciqHH!!TBO Ao6pe poaaHBaTHCll, KOJ\H easiri> cTpiqaeMo TaKi HaasH ci.11, JIK BopTHe (BopTHe ce.110, no.11e .•• ) .(6opTae: .sa . o6HJ\b&e a nqo.11H, a MiA). B 1<opo.11iscbKOMY 8Hpo6AHKY 6y.110 nepeA siiiaoio

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Bepezu piKu BuclloT<a B celli BocbKO.

rEOrPACf>I4HJ.1H cnHCOK AEMKIBCbKJ.1X MICIJEBOCTEVI.

1. OcTypHR. 2. Be.11.11K11ii A11nHHK. 3. <l>iAbBapKH. 4. KaMiHKa. 5. AiTMaaoea. 6. Bi.11.a BoAa. 7 4opaa Bo.1ta. 8 . .HeipKH. 9. lliARXToea.

10. Opl!6HH8. 11. KpaMnax. 12. MHHllIOK. 13. CpHH. 14. CTapyHR. 15. Aeraaaa. 16. Op.11.ia. 17. YllK. 18. MaTHcoaa. 19. iRel'ecTiB, 20. 3AOJ!bKe. 2). {Ry6p11K, 22. BeAHKa Bepxoaa11. 23. MaAa BepxoaH11. 24. KpHHHJ!ll. 25. THAH'I. 26. HHll!Hll i BHlllHll Moxaa'JKa: 27. Hoaa Beeb. 28. PocToKa. 29. MaTHeaa. 30. Aa6oaa. 31. PycbKB Kopo.11.eaa. 32. Boryllla. 33. BHH'Iapeaa. 34. <l>JlbOpHHKa. 35. Hl!l11ai i BHmai Bpyaapi. 36. llopaa. 37. C11iTeHy11. 38. llepTimae.

J.niocTpoeaua lcTopill .l\eMKb~eHa

39. BepecTb' 40. lJHpHa. 41. BaHHJ!R. 42. la6H. 43. Bi.11.H'l&a. 44. Baq>Ka. 45. Aoce. 46. BiAJrnKa. 47. lliH1116apK. 48. PHXB&.11.b.ll. 49. PycbKa PonHy11. 50. Be.11.HKa i Ma.11.a MayHHa. 51. Poa.1ti.11.J111. 52. BoH.1tapKa. 53. ijeKJIHHCbK8 80.11.11. 54. YcTe PycbKe. 55 Hoa11y11. 56. MaAacTia. 57, flaHTHB. 58. BopTae. 59. CMepeKoaeyb. 60. faBb'IOBa. 61. BHCOB8. 62. B.rnxaapu. 63. Hull!RHii i BHlllHHii PereTia. 64. Bipxae. 65. BaaHyR. 66. f.11.BAHlllie. 67. KpHBB. 68. Pa.a,oiyHaa. 69. fpa6. 70. Omee'la 71. Bo.11.oaeyb. 72. PocTaiiHe. 73. Ca11TKOBB 74. K.11.oniTBHJ!R. 75. Ileper.11.HMKa. 76. Bepesoaa.

4

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- · - · - zpo/.flll!.B Jt./lfibcbfoirkcigu >-<·>-<·>-<•'.>--< tpOllUL.£17 fjt'PJICUbLI .

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·95. KopoAiecbKHH i llL11 xorchKl;IH Bopo6AHK.

96. DOCbKO. 97 . .HcAl!CbKa. 98. A1111oeegb. 99. Cypoen•rni CToAllHH .

iOO. 811211e11 BoAll. 101. .HceAKO. 102. Cypoanga. 103. A;apie. 104. BeAHKHH 811cAiK 105. KapAHKia. 106. CTape 3arip11. 107. BeAHKOnoAe. 108. KyA11wse. 109. KaAbBHga. 110. IJJaaae. 111. TypHHCbKO. 112 . .HeipaHK. 113. KoMaHb'fa. 114. 1.focTOrop6. 115. AynKiB. 116. lfopeopiKH. 117. Kpacea. :t 18. BapTKiacbKa BoAll. 119. PinanK. 120. IleTpyweaa BoMI. 121. OaapieKa. 122. BoHapiaKa. 123. f ei3ARHKa. 124 . .ffaie11HH. 125. 4ep'1e.

51

126. HcTpl!6. 127. Kai's. 128. Aieie. 129, ( OAbj!bOBa. 130. 3aaKia. 131. Kypia. 132. AyKia. 133. Kpy211Aia. 134. <PpH'lKa. 135. IleTpoaa. 136. !JeroAKa. 137. Bm1rni i Hamei Toaapo111gi • 138. KoMAOma. 139. Boxepia. 140. BapaAKa. J 41. Ha111e11ii OpAHK. 142. BnlKBHH OpAHK. 143. Mapowia. 144. KewKiegi. 145. KpymAiaKa. 146. BaneHBHK. 147. BoApy111aA. ;,. 148. Kpaiie11scbKa 4opsa. 149. 4ope'lse. 150. 4epTimee. 151. KaAHBia. 152. fa6ypb . 153. Bopia. 154. Me111nAa6opgi. J 55. 4a6HHll. 156. IlcTpHHa. 157. 36iiiae. 158. CaHHAHK. 159. C11sia. 160. PyAaBK8 PaMaH. 161 . TapaaaKa. 162. 811cAO'lOK. 163. 0Apexoaa. 164. IlyA&BH. 165. CeHblCOBa BoAll. 166. 3apwnH. 16 7. HoeociAhgi-( aee. 168. 4y6piaKa. 169. l.JepTelll. 170. Tpea'fa. 171. BiAbXiagi. 172. BoAOCbKa T11p11aa. 173. YAIO'l H. C11HOM. 174. W AHXOTCbKa A;o6pa. 175. isAe6KH.

4*

nPAICTOPI.H KAPnATCbKHX 3EMEAb.

npo noqaTK1:f AIOACbK~ro 2KHTT.R B faJ\HqHHi, 30KpeMa Ha 3<-!XIAHHX yKpalHCbKHX 3eMA.RX, npo nep­sicHy KYAbTYPY Hanrnx npa-npaAiAiB He 6araTo 3Ha-6MO. TaKom AHme 3i cKynux A2KepeA i 3HaxiAKiB AO­BiAYElMOCb, .RKQH 6ys noqaTKOBHH ycTpiH Ta cepeA .RKoro cepe11.osHi.ga ii o6cTaBHH 6opoAHCb nepwi AIOAH B KapnaTax 3a csoe icHyBaHH.R. IJ!o gi AIOAH MyciAH aBiAKHCb npHHTH B KapnaTH i nepeHTH gi­Jl.HH p.RA po.3B06BHX CTeneHiB - ge He y.11..Rrae cyMHi­BaM; iHaKme He Mor.11.0 6yTH.

CAiAH nepsicHoro . qoAosiKa B 3axiAHHX KapnaTax HaXOAHMO a qacy TpHsaHH.R KaMiHHoi A06H. Ha ye BKa3y6 neqepa B neKapax1

), (KpaKiBCbKi 3eMAi). Celi HapiA MaB npHHTH 3 niBAH.R Ta npHHic CBOIO KYAb­TYPY B 6aAKaHCbKoro cepeAOBHi.ga; mus .y neqepax, Ae npH BOrHMJ!!aX aa.l\HlllH.l\OC.R no HbOMY 6araTO

u u ' • KOCTeH .3 AHKOro KOH.R, J!!O Horo M .RCOM qoJ\OBIK TOAi 3a.l\I06KH 2KHBHBC.R. .HK AOBrO TPHBaAa !!.ff Ka­MiHHa iJo6a, a rpegbKa asaHa naJZeoJZimoM, roAi TOqHo oqepKHYTH.

no CTapmiH KaMiHHiff A06i npHHill.l\a MOAQAill8, a nepeXOAOBHH qac Mi2K HHMH o6oMa H83HB86MO ce­peAHbOIO KaMiHHOIO A060IO a6o Me30llimOM. niACOHH.R 6yAo T?Ai TenAe ii c~x.e, y Hae pocAo 6araTo ?JilHAb­KOBHx I .l\HCTKOBHX .l\ICIB, a B HHX 2KHAH O.l\eHI, AHKH

') AP· .Hpoc.11aa IlacTepHaK, K'.opoTKa Apxeo.11bori11 3axi.o;eo-YKpai'e­CbKHX 3eMe.11b, y .l\.baoai 1932, Bn.11aeH11 6oroCJ1oail. 4. 11-12.

53

Ta Aoc1, Ha HK11x no.l\10eae TOAiillHHH qoJ\OBIK. BiH 2KHB 3a.l\'I06KH Ha niCKOBHX HeaapOC.l\HX fiaAMax, HK KOqOBHH J\Oeeyb, Ae J\HillHB no co6i CAiAH eorHHIJJ­CTO.RHOK Ta po6i'l'eHb KpeMiHHOro 3HapHAA.R.

B AaAbmiii Ao6i T. ae. HeoJZimy, niA enAHeoM: 3MiHH npHpOAHiX o6cTaBHH, apocTy Aicie, MOqapie

Ha CKlli MQ/lbOBQllUfi o6pas. fopilllHll TapHasa. 3i s6ipKH Myseio T-aa "AeMKiBigHHa" a C11eoyi;

'(JI. <I>a.11bKOBcKi - B. CTalllHHJ:!bKHH, Ha .11eMKiBCbKo-6ottKiBcbKOMY npoMeJKzi, Abaie 1935).

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54

xaM Ta BliHaXOAHTb roH'qapCTBO l rJ\aA.tKeHHH Kpe­MiHHoro, a BiATaK ige H: aep11eHHH KaMiHHoro aHa-: pHAAH. MicgH ociAKY 1IOJ\OBiKa gei A06H poaKHHeHi aaA CHHOM B OKOJ\HgHx 5IpocJ\aa' ff - CittHBH Ta HaA BHCJ\OI-O KpyroM KpaKoBa. 'Ha ' pyxoMHX nicKax aycTpi11a6TbCH TaM 6araTO CJ\iAiB KpeMeHHpCbKHX po-6iTeHb Ta CTOHHOK 3 y6orHM iHBeHTapeM, igo BKa-3YI-OTb paAIIIe Ha Hapi..i J\OBegbKHH 6iJ\bllle K01.JiBHH-1IHH Him xAi6opo6cbKHH. B giH: A06i, aaAJ\H nocyxH B HaAAyHaHCbKHX KpaHx, pyIIIHJ\H 1IHCAeHHi x.1\i60-

3alliaHa wma6a a npwcpin;zeHUM MOllOmKOM. TiepeKaa KalKe, i,go B qaci TaTapcbKHX eanaAiB HSAOJKeHO Ha A3BOBH BH­COKHH noAaToK. CeAJJHH BlKHBaAtt AO Aasonenn11 TaKo i' wTa6H, 1£06 He nAaTHTH ApaqoK. IJJe CbOrOAHi BlKHBalOTb yei WTa6H paaoM 3 A9BOHaMll

a ce,d AnApei'ayi.

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55

npm<pacaMH, y BHAi rpyn pi8Ho6iiKHHX 11epTOK a6o AOOcepeAHix niBKOA. 3aMeIIIKaHi 6yAH A3.l\bllle ne11epH, X011 nonpH HHX 6y AH BiKe aeMMIHKH Ha OTBepTHX ASCOBHX npocTopax; TiAhKH rpo6ia ia gei KYAbTYPH J!!C He 3Ha€MO. !J.i aaceAeHi, BiAbHi BiA npaAiciB, npocTOpH C1Ir3.l\H BAOBiK 6eperiB piK, J!!O IlOCTatJa.l\H pH6H Ta 6y.llH aapaaoM 3HaMeHHTHM AOpOrOBKa.SoM niAtJac .l\OBC!'JbKHX M3HApiBOK y He.SHaHi 6AHJ!!i OK0-.1\Hgi Ta B A3.l\bl1Ii Kpai. 3HaxiAKH a BoAi CTaHbKO­aoi, MapTHHKOBH11 Ta THAbMaHoaoi BKaayIOTb Ha icHyaaHHH 11epeaKapnaTCbKoi AoporH, 11H paAI1Ie cTeiKKH BAOBiK AO.l\HHH piKH AyHaiigH. CT011aTOK gei A06H MOiKHa K.l\aCTH Ha HKHX 5 THCH'I AiT nepe,ii XpHCTOM.

3 noHBOIO MiAH M: ao.l\oTa, gHx nepIIIHX ABOX Me­TaAis, J!!O ix AOiCTOpH'IHe .lllOACTBO Il13Ha.l\O Ta no-11a.l\O BHKOpHCTOBysaTH AeCb y 3-M THCH'Ie.l\iTTIO ne­peA XpHCTOM, KiH11HTbCH 11HCTO KaMiHHa, HeoAiTH11Ha KYAhTypa EsponH. € ge nepex'iA siA KaMiHHoi A06H AO -: 6poHaosoi i TOMY HaaHsasThCH aiH 3ara.l\bHO nepexiAHbOIO A06010,· a6o MiOJl.HOIO 11H eueoJZimUlf.HOIO A060IO. .

y giM: 406i 6a'IHMO KpaJ!!i KaMiHHi 3HapH44H, . . ' . KlCTHHl MO.J\OTKH, npHC.l\H'IKH, aepHOTepKH, r.l\HHHHl .l\IO,l\CbKi Ta 3BipH'Ii cpirypKH, nep11Ii Mi411Hi npHKpaCH Ta B neprniM: Mipi Ma.l\bOBaHa KepaMiKa (r.l\HHHHi BHpofo.1). 04Ha1Je Mi4h, HKOi HeMa€ 30BCiM Ha nia­Hi'IHHX ya6i111111x KapnaT, Ha.l\e.tKa.l\a To4i B f'aAH11HHi AO pi4KOCTH. Mi4b, sMiIIIaHa a H~aHa'IHOIO Ki.l\h~icTIO 4pyroro MeTa.l\IO, 4a€TbCH CKOpIIIe TOilHTH, 41CTa6 rAa4Uiy ·nosepxHIO M: 30.1\0THCTHH noAHCK, a roAOBHO cTas 4aAeKo Tsep411Ia. I geM: HOBHH · MeTaAh Aas no-11aToK HOBiH 6pOH30BZU 006i, J!!O npHna4as Ha no· 11aTOK 2-ro THCH'IeAiTTH nepe4 XpHCTOM. B HacAi40K UOCYXH, }IK8 TOAi ,l\OBrO TpHBa.l\a B· f a.l\H11HHi, aa6pa-

56

J\HC.H Ha y KpaiHy pelllTKH HeOJ\iTH1IHOro HaCeJ\eHH.H .Ta Ha ix Micge - onyigeHi OKOJ\H!,!i CTaJ\H. ·DOBOJ\H .saceJ\10BaTH (TpaKH) rrpumeAb!Ji is 3aKaprraTT.H. Ha ge BKa.sye 6araTHH CKap6 6pOH30BHX rrpe,<\MeTiB

Cmapi, iJepeBJIRlli, qepKOBlli xpecmu: a moraTHH; 6 fle.JIMI. 3 6oKy Ba xpecTi s TieA.Jli BHPHTa ;i;an 1718. 3i s6ipKH MyaeIO T-sa "AeMKiBigHHa"

s C11aoyi. ~(.H. <l>allbKOBCKi - B. TiawHH!JbKHH. Ha AeMKiBcbKo-6oliKiacbKOMY

npoMelllmi, Abais 1935).

yropcbKoro THrry ia CmeifJKOBOi~ KOJ\O AicbKa. 3 Toro TaKom qacy sttaeMo OAHH 6poH.sosuli cKap6 a Pa­iJei1oBelJb, - (HoeocattAeqqutta), AaTosaHHH co1<up­Ko10 si cxiAgeM qechKoro THIIY Ta 30J\OTHH rrepcTeHb y BHAi eyma 3 AeHTOBH!Jb (rroe. BmecbKo).

57

AAe 3qacoM KAJMaT ttaIIIHx 3eMeAb 3Haqtto nonpa­BHBCH, CTaB BOrKiIIIHH, a THM caMHM Kpai:i CTaB 6iAbIIIe npHro.mHH AO 3aMeIIIKaHH.H. B napi a !JHM HanAHBa6 HOBa iMirpagi.H Ha onycTiAi npoCTOpH aa KapnaTaMH. npHXOA.HTb 3 YropigHHH HOBi cpHAi Ha­ceAeHHH Ta 3aHHMaJOqH CepeAYl!!Y f aAHqHHY t AiCTa­IOTbC.H 3AOB.m C.Htty a.m y CattAOMHpf!!Htty. Hai1AeHi OAHHgeM Meqi - 3 AHCTOBHAHHM Ae30M y BucoBiU (f opAHqqHtta), B11ghottmi (KpaKiB) i Ko6epttigax (EiAa) 6 TOAiIIIHbOro IlOXOA2KeHH.H; .HK piBH02K rAH!JH 1

)

ai cnipaAbHOIO roAOBKOIO, cnip.,AbHHH ttapaMeHHHK i KpyqeHHH HaIIIHHHHK, HaHAeHi B 3apUJUHi, C.HHigh­KOro noeiTy; BKittgi 6pott3oei cKap611 B AyKaBHgi Ta lllJUlXmOBiU.

Ilo 6poH30BiH A06i HaCTYilHAa 3GJZi3HG iJo6a, 3 pi3HHMH cpa3aMH nepeXOAY Ta ,llaAbIIIOIO MaHApiB­KOIO uaceAeHHH B AOAHHY Ayuai:ig.H ropi piKolO i AaAbIIIe 3a KapnaTH. IlocTenettHO BHTsop10eTbC.H igopa3 Kpaige BHpi6HHJ!TBO 3Hap.HM.H Ta IlOCYAHH, BKittgi B Apyrii:i cpa3i gei ,ll06H B2KHBaIOTb AlOAH MaH.me BHKJ\JOqffo 3aAi3a, i TO He AHIIIe AO BHpo6y 36pyi Ta rocno,llapCbKOro 3Hap.HAAH -- rOAOBHO qH-

. CJ\eHHHX H02KHKiB i cnHcis, HKHX 3HaHillOBCH Ma6yTb giAHH cKap6 y JliCbKy, HaA ropiIIIHHM CHHOM -a.l\e TaK02K AO npHKpac, .HK cpi6yAH Ta cnpH2KKH AO peMeHiB. bpOH30Bi BHpo6H 6yAH ,llOCHTb piAKi, a 30-.1\0Ta i1 cpi6Aa TOAi ige He anaAH. IJ!oi:iuo B AaAb· IIIiH cpa3i gei A06H IlOHBJ\HlOTbCH y Hae neprni B3a­raAi MOHeTH, i TO giAHMH CKap6aMH: 3oAOTi Ta cpi6ui MOHeTH ttaHAeHi B MornAbHiM (HosHH Catt~).

Ha niACTasi cKynHx auaxiAOK Mo.mtta TaKo.m oaHa­qHTH, igo ABi CTapi qepeaKapnaTCbKi AOporH 6yAH 3AaBHH 3aMeIIIKatti. IlepIIIa 3 gHx 1topir 3acBiAqeua

1) .HpocAaB nacTepHaK, Ruske Karpaty w archeologii. Opara 1928.

58

AiTonHCHHMH sra,a.KaMH ame I!!OHaHMeHine ai,a. XII. cT., BHXO,LJ.H.l\a 3 OcTpHroMy Ha A,ytta10 Ta HIII.l\a nia,a.eHHO·cxi,a.HiMH s6iqqHMH MaTpH ,a.o piKH Co.l\oHoi, nepexoAH.l\a BiATaK y AOAHHY AOAiIIIHboro EoApory, BiA 3eMII.l\HHY 3BepTa.l\a Ha niBHiq y AOJ\HHY piKH OttAaBH, BiATaK piKH TenAoi, 6i.l\H CTpHIIIeBa Haaep­TaAa B ,a.oAHHY piKH TopHcH, Ae BeAa B AOAHHY piKH

IIoxopoHu iJumuHu. Tpyuy seayrb ua canKax, so.11aMu. BoAocaTe. (R. Cl>a.11bKOBcKi - B. OawuuybKHH, Ha .l\eMKiECbKo-6oHKiBcbKOMY

npoMell!mi, Absis 1935).

CTonpaAy; BiATaK IIIMaT AOpOrH 3.1\0B;K AiBOro 6e· pera piKH .4,yHaHgH.

A,pyrni1 KapnaTChKHH IIIAHX, ,,nyTh Ha EapAiia" inaTCbKOro AiTonHcy 3 1262 p., llIIOB THJ\HqCbKHM npoaa.l\OM AO EapAiesa HaA piKo,a Ten.1\010, a 06ep­Ta10:Hcb TaM npocTo Ha niBAeHb, AyqHBCH B CTpH· IIIeBl 3 nepIIIHM IIIMIXOM.

59

!JHMH lll./\.RXaMH aa1Ia./\H pHMCbKi Kyngi Bi4BiAyBaTH fa./\HtrnHy, Ha igo BKaayIOTb l.J:HC./\eHHi 3HaxiAKH pHMCbKHX MOHeT OAHH!JeM i gi./\HMH CKap6aMH, Ta ii iHlllHX npHHOllleHHX npeAMeTiB pHMCbKoro 6poH­aiaHH!J,TBa, CKA.RpCTBa ii roHt.IapcTBa. ToAi KiHt.IH./\HC.R Ha niBAHlO EBponH. no6iAHi 3MaraHH.R PHM~.RH a~ naHyaaHH.R . HaA CBITOM, Ta pa30M 3 . !JHM I HallJI 3eMAi nepexoA.RTb y HOBY poaaoeBy cpaay KY./\bTYPH - iJo6u pUMCbK020 4icapcmBa. MicgeB~ Hace./\eH!fH AOCTapt.Ia./\o pHMCbKHM Kyng.RM neBHO lllKip, KotKyxrn, KOHeii, nipH, aaigo AiCTaBa./\o cnepllly aan./\aTy, no 6i./\hllliH l.J:aCTH 3BiHKOlO MOHeTOlO, a noTiM MiHH./\O CBiH TOBap 3a fJ\HHHHHH, 6poH30BHH i CK./\.RHHH no­cyA, 6poH30Bi H: 3aAi3Hi . cpi6yAH, cnp.R2KKH, · cKA.RHi HaMHCHHKH, Kpyt.IeHi CK./\.RHi 6pac./\eTH i. T. n. T OAi 6yAa BtKe aace./\eHa AOAHHa Csrny, HKY ai cxiAHbOID f a./\Hl.J:HHOlO AYt.IHB ToproBe./\bHHH lll./\HX, igo HlllOB t.Iepe3 KH.RiKHH 3BeHU20pOiJ Ta HHHilllHi noBiTH f O• poAOK i MocTHChKa. 3 niBAHH 3Hoay 3MipHB AO AO· ./\HHH piKH BHC./\H - qepea lllHpoKi He3aceAeHi no-

. ./\OCH MitK Csi:HoM Ta OKOAH!JelO npHKpaKiBCbKOlO -Toproae./\bHHH lllMIX AO./\HHOIO AyHaiigH, igo 6ys 3acBiAl.J:eHHH CKap6aMH AHHapiB y rp116iBCbKOMY H: caHAe!JbKOMY noBiTax.

AASI Kpaigoro 3po3yMiHHH noAaeMo, igo piaHi Ha· poAH nepexoAHAH, 3axoAHAH, qacoBo Ta AOBllle ne­petKHBa./\H Ha HalllHX 3eMMIX, a11.e ge He Ha./\etKHTb AO Hallloi TeMH; .HK piBHOiK IlOAa€MO, igo XOl.J: HaBo­AHMO AeHKi Ha3BHiga oce.11b i MicgeBOCTeH Ha 3a­xiAHix KapnaTCbKHX 3eM./\HX - OAHat.Ie npo noB­CTaHHH i nol.J:~TKH HalllHX OCe./\b 6y Ae TOl.J:Hillle B C./\i­AYlOl.J:HX po3AI./\ax.

0T02K niC./\H !JHX pi3HHX HapoAiB noHBH./\HCH Ha Y KpaiHCbKHX 3eM./\.RX 3 KiHgeM IV. CT. neprni icTo­pHt.IHO CTsepAtKeHi TypKo-TaTapcbKi opAH. AAe HaH.:

60

eamuirnmo icTopuquo10 no;iis10 ei;i 375 p. ;io KiHgH VI. CT. no XpucTi 6y.11.a TaK 3BaHa Be.11.HKa MaH;ipieKa Hapo;iie, J!!O 3MiHH.ll.a gi.11.KOBHTO o6pa3 cxiAHbOi Ta cepe;iyJ!!oi Eeponu, npuee.11.a ;io yna,ziKy ceiToey pHMCbKY iMnepi10 Ta nepepea.11.a y Hae BCHKi 3BH3KH 3 nie;ieHHHM ceiTOM. IJ!oliuo no gHx ryuax i aeapax, npoTHrOM IV. CT. C.11.oe'HHH aaHH.11.H 6y.11.u eme sci uami aaxi;iui aeM.11.i. Bi.ti gei MaH,zipieKH uapo;iie gH ;io6a 3BCTbCH ()06010 MaHiJpiBOK HapoiJiB.

flpuaopo'JICH.i KanllU'lKU: a CTynoc11HH, 6 CMiAhHHK K. Aym<0ea, s Y:aurnn. (.H. <l>aAbKOBcKi - B. nawHH\!bKHH, Ha AeMKiBCbK0-60HKiBCbKOMY

npoMelKlKi1 Ahsis 1935).

ToMy M: Ha u_arnux aeMMIX eci ei,ziHOCHHH TO­JdillHboro iKHTTH 3MiHH.11.HCH B giH ;io6i, nepmaaece 3 or .II.HAY Ha gi.11.KOBHTY 3MiHy AOTenepirnHboro Ha­ce.11.eHHH qepea c.11.oe' HHCbKY K0.11.b0Hiaagi10. I gH ;io6a Ha HalIIHX 3eMAHX nepeXOAHTb 8 KHRJICY iJo6y, C.11.0· s'HHCbKy, 60 e HiH 6y.11.11 eme eci ttarni aeMAi aace­.1\eHi ocTaToqHo C.11.oe' HHaMH.

KHHma ;io6a ;ii.11.HTbCH Ha cTaprny • noraHCbKY (600-900) i MO.l\OAlIIY- xpHcTiHHCbKY (900-1100) - .

61

xpeIJ!elfH.ff YKpaiau B 988 p., npH11HC.l\HJO'!.IH .TP~TJO, HaH.MO.l\OAIIIY (1100-1375) BLKe AO BilOBHI ICTO­pH11HOro cepeAHOBi111rn:. .3riAHO 3 KH°iBCbKHM AiTonH­COM poapiLKHff6MO BLKC cxiAHi Ta aaxiAHi CAOB' JIHCb~i n:AeMefla, IJ!O ix poaJVIeawsyJOTb AiHie10 AYKAH ~ Ko­pocHo (KpacHa) ~ l.JyAe!!b'- AaHJ!YT-TapHoropoA ·-KpacHocTaB -Aporu11uu -BiAhChK, J!e6To arpy6wa flHHiIIIHbOJO eTHorpacpi11HOIO rpaHHJ!CIO,

0AHatie nepwi icTOPH'·JHi CAos' HHH, cepeA AOBrnx 3MaraHb onaHyeaAH ceoi Ayme BCAHKi 3CMAi, MyciAH

/

l{epKBa B Ilepynqi, a6. 1798 p. I'puaiBw,una.

nepwycboro o6opoHJOBaTH .ceoi aeMAi nepeA 11acTHMH Hai3AaMH aaiHCbKHX K0110BHKiB Ta nieHilJHHX repMaH; TOMY Haii6iAbIIIe nHTOMHMH naMJITKaMH 3 Toro 11acy 6 HKpaa yKpinAeHi OCTaHKH ixHix ropoAiB, 11HCACHHi zopoiJuwp. HaiicTapwi Hawi ropOAH, araAaHi y KH­iecbKOMY AiTonucy niA 981 p. Bye J!C OepeMHIIIAb Ta Apyri ropOAH. B XI. CT. araAy6TbCH Mim ApyrnMH ropoAaMH CRHiK (1150). AAe cMyra Kpa10 Mim CHHOM i BHcAOKOM BHKasye AHIIIe TPH AaAeKo poaKHHeHi

· ropoAHIJ!a, a caMe y 6paJ!6Hoeiii HaA BucAoKoM, y CiAhJ!i HaA BucAOIO Ta r opOAHIJ!Y 6iA.ff 5IpocAaB'H HaA CHHOM.

62

Hami .3aXiAHi 3eM-Ai y KHHmy Ao6y MaJ\H KYAb­TypHi 3B.ff3KH 3 giAHM ceiToM. KynegbKi KapaeaHH AOiBAHJ\H am AO flepeMHillJ\.ff. I ge 6yAa Aopora, .,,KopoAiBCbKHH nyTb" raAHJ'!bKO - ·BOJ\OAHMHpCbKOro AiTonHcy, r,go BeJ\a 3 niBH01Ii 3AOBm CHHY AO ne ... ,peMHillAH, a 3BiATaM, a6o BAOBm CHHY a6o Kop0Tmo10 AOporoIO 3AOBm piKH Biropy AO MicTa CHHOKa. BiACH eeAa 3AOBm CHHY am y AOAHHY piKH CoAHHKH - Ha 3aKapnaTCbKHH 6iK AOJ\HHOIO piKH !JipoKH am AO piKH AH6opgH. IJ!e · HHillOIO AOporolO 6yAa, Ha

l{epKBQ ~ 'fUpHifi, 36. 1892 p . Tpu6iBtqUHQ.

nieiii11HiM 6ogi KapnaT ,,yropcbKHMH eopoTaMH" inaTCbKoro AiTonHcy, AOpora 3AOBLK piKH BHcJ\oKy i 5IcbOAKH Ha AYKA.ffHCbKHH npoBaJ\ - 3AOBm p. AH6opgH - AO EyAanemTy.

f1011aTKH Hamoro yKpaiHCbKOro OCeJ\bHHJ'!TBa 3a KapnaTaMH ---::- Tpe6a BeamaTH Ha 11acH B~raA~Ho.ro p03BOIO yKpalHCbKOrO. oceJ\bHHJ'!TBa Ha 3aXIA I mB­AeHb, e VII -VIII e.; TiAbKH ge nepeicHe oceAbHHJ'!TBo, RK eBaraAi Ha oKpaiHH, a AO Toro r,ge eiATHTe Kap­naTCbKHM xpe6TOM BiA KOJ\bOHi3agiHHHX BOrHHI,g, My­ciAO 6y!H AOCHTb piAKe, i J'!HM MOmeMO IlO.ffC~IOBaTH CKope I rJ\HKOKe BHHapOAOBAIOBaHH.ff yKpalHCbKHX ocaA Ha niAKapnaTCbKiH: piBHHHi. AHme Ha caMiM

63

niAripIO i B ropax - ge6To · B KapnaTax, MeHme npHea6m:tx A.IUI HOBHX npHXOAiB, yKpa"iHCbKe Hace­.l\eHH$1, 3 notJaTKy, nesHo, Ayme piAKO ii CAa6o oce­AeHe, MaAo qac po3MH02KHTHCH H: 3~Ko~iHHT~C$1 Ta 3aBAHKH TOMY 3aAepmaAO CBOIO OKpeMlIIIHlCTb 1 eTHO· rpacpi1IHY nepesary AD Ham11x qacis. 0Tme TBep­A2KeHHH - Haqe AeMKH BHBOAHTbCH 3 pyMyHis-cep6is

llpaaH.uK nepe11.ece1tH.Jl Puau llp. Bozopoauu,i n AoniHyi 15. VII. 1934 p. Cn11qeHRJ1 BOAH B noToyi i npa1J!a&e11 npoyecil a cyci4Hboro ceAa. Ha

3aKiHqeeHJI 06p114y yqaCHHKH CBSITB KJ\BHSllOTbCJI Bsai0

MHO AO no11ca. (<DoT. R. <Da.\ bKOllCKi).

i '!'• n. - Ta igo BOHH npHHIIIAH B KapnaTH i Kap­naTCbKe niAripH B qaci, HK i niAripH i HaBiTb CaMi ropH 6yAH sme B 3HatJHiH Mipi OKynoBaHi qymo-3eMHHMH eAeMeHTaMH, Ta ige AO Toro y BCIX BH­riAHiIIIHX MiC!JHX, BCTHr.l\H ix TaK CHJ\bHO onaHyBaTH, i TO nepeXOAHlJH 3 faAHlJHHH qepea nopoLirniH: (HK Tpe6a iioro co6i B TaKoMy paai npeACTaB.l\HTH!)

64

IIIHpOKHH KapnaTCbKHH IlOHC! TaKe TBepA2KeHHH . HeMa6 maAHHX HayKOBHX OCHOB i AOKa3is· Ta iioro SIK 6e3sapTicHe noMHHaeMo i Bi.llKH,llaeMo. I Halli

• AiTonucegb, npeACTaBMUOt.iH, igo BoAOAHMHp mus "B MHpt" 3 cyciAaMH (oKO.l\bHblMH) i Mim HHMH -3 yropcbKHM KopoAeM, Ma6yAb He npeACTaB.l\HB co6i K~pnaTCbKOro IlOHCa HKOIOCb 6e3AIOAHOIO, nop02KHOIO nycTHHeIO. BnpoqiM AeMKY, HK i Apyri Y KpaiHgi oce.l\IOBaAH giAi 3axiAHi KapnaTH i TO no o6ox cTo· poHax - He s XII. a6o XIII. cToAiTTIO, .l\HIIIe ge Mor .1\0 AIHTHCH nepeA THM, IlOKH noqaBCH oce.l\b• HH!JbKHH pyx Ha KapnaTCbKe ni.Aripsr i B ropH BiA IlO.l\YAHH, B qacax p03BOIO yKpaiHCbKO"i KOJ\bOHi3agii BBaraAi; oTom nepsicHHMH MeIIIKaH!JHMH KapnaT 6a­t.IHMO He Bo.l\OXiB, He MaAHpiB, aHi HiMgiB a6o no­.1\HKiB, .l\HIIIe TYT npHHIII.l\H paaoM 3 csoiMH 6paTaMH CAos' .RHaMH • Y KpaiH!JHMH - HK HeBiApHBHa i Tictto

~ 3 HHMH ss' Hsatta • yKpaiHcbKa siTKa AeMKH Ta AO cyqacHoi nopu sace.l\IOIOTb giAi 3axiAHi KapnaTH.

· TaK<;>* KapnaTH He CTatty.l\H HenpoxOAHMHM MY· poM M1.m ABOMa qacTHHaMH Toro caMoro HapoAy. HaanaKH ixHi nposa.l\H ss'Hsa.l\H ix Mi!JHO pasoM i CTaHy.l\H AJ\.R HHX THM, quM ~Y.l\H Ha iHIIIHX, _HH· SHHHHX npocTopax HaIIIHX yKpaIHCbKHX seMe.l\b plKH; caMe: npHpOAHHMH Ill.l\.RXaMH 316,<\HHeHH.R OKpeMHX poAiB Ta n.l\eMeH B OAHY .Ky.l\hTypHo- HagioHa.l\bHY giAicTb - OAHH se.l\HKHH Y KpaiHCbKHH HapiA.

KH~IKI 4ACI1.

CAoB.RHH, Hami npeAKH, BBJHIIIAH B 1cTopuo ~K nAeM' .ff BO.RKiB-3aBOHOBHHKiB. 3i CB06i npa6aTbKiB­IJ!HHH, i3 6e3MeLKHHX nyIJ! cxiAHboi EsponH, BOHH nop03XOAHAHC?. H~ BCI CTOpOHH, nonpoMOIJ!YBaAH AO­poru cepeA HeTpIB Ta ApHrOBHHHH, onaHyBaAH Be­AHKi piKH, BBipeaAHCH y cTenH. OpoT.RroM cToAiTb noycysaAH ai ·caoro IIIA»xy 11ymi HapoAH, nepe6HAHCH AO 4opHoro Mop» ii AiHIIIAH AO HCAOCTynHHX KapnaT. BoHH HIIIAH see enepeA, 3aHMaAH see Hoai npocTopH, BiA6HBaAH HanaAH aaiHCbKHX OpA, aaceAIOBaAH AHKi IlOAH. y 3MaraHHHX 3 HHIIIHMH IlAeMeHaMH BOHH ne­peMaraAH CB06l0 CBiLKOIO 6yiiHiCTIO Ta HeCTpHMHHM poarOHOM. !J,iAa Il01IaTKOBa opraHiaagiH nepeiCHHX cAos' HH cnHpaAac» Ha poAH ii nAeMeHa. Pio ge 6yAa BCAHKa pOAHHa, IJ!O CKAaAaAaCH 3 KiAbKOX Ae­CHTKiB AIOAeH, IlOCBOH1ICHHX MiLK co6010. lKHJ\H BOHH B OAHiH oceAi, MaAH cniJ\bHe M8HHO - aeMJ\i, J\iCH, AOBHIJ!a, xyAo6y Ta niAJ\HraAH BJ\aAi HaHCTapmoro B poAi. 4AeHH poAy aaaiMHO co6i noMaraAH. KoAH XTO OAHOro 3 HHX IlOKpHBAHB, yci Ma./\H aa IlOKpHB­ALKCHOro aacTynaTHCH. KoAH Koro e6HTO, CBOHKH MaAH o6os'»30K niMCTHTH iioro cMepTb. AAe HaH­samHime aaeAaHHH poAy 6yAo o6opoHHTH caoix AIO­AeH: BiA eopomoro HanaAy. CAOBHHH cTaBHJ\H caoi oceAi B HeAOCTynHHX Micg»x, y rycTOMY Aici a6o ~epeA HenpoxiJJ;HHX 6oJ\OT. y KpinAIOBaJ\H ix BaJ\OM I qacTOKO./\aMH.

5

66

4AeHH po.ity HIIIAH B 6iH, 6opoH.ffqH cao10 pIAHY oceAIO, caoix miHOK i .itiTeii, caoe .MaHHO ii ysecb CBiH .ito6yToK; 6opOAHCH 3aB3HTO, 60 6opOTb6a pi­IIIa.l\a npo Te, qH iKHTH iM, qH npona.itaTH. CTpoei.it Ha.it BiHCbKOM po.ity MaB HaHCTapIIIHH y po.iti, a6o TOH, KOMY qJ\eHH po,1ty .itopyqnAH geii o6oa' .H30K. 3.ita6TbCH, 3BaBCH BiH CTapocTa.

6iAbIIIe po.itiB, 3aMeIIIKyIOqH OAHY OKOAH!JIO TBO­pHAO lllleM' fl. CTAeM' .ff 6,ltHa.l\H cniAbHi 06Hqai, aipy-

I.{epKBa B /l,aposi .a6. 1?27 p.

I.{epKsa s lfllcmozop6i s6 1900.) (<1>oT. R <l>a.l\bKOBCKi) •

aaHHH, cnoci6 iKHTTH, OAHr, roaip. B qaci He6e3neKH no6.l\H3bKi oceAi YMOB.l\H.l\HCH, HK BHCTYDHTH Ha BO· . . . pora, 3aKAati;a.l\H Cill.l\bHI yKpmAeHHH, np11roTOB.l\H.l\H Micg.H, .ite ace HaceAeHHH MOrAo cxosaTHCH. Ha qoAi DJ\eMeHH CTOHJ\H KHR3i, a CTapIIIHHH poti;iB TBOpHAH pa.ity, Biqe, · Haii.itaBHiIIIHH Halli AiTonHc . no.itae iMeHa II.l\eMeH, J!!O iKH.l\H Ha yKpaiHCbKHX 3eM.l\HX i 6yti;ysa.l\H co6i TaM MoryTHi ropoAHJ!!a. Ha KpaHHbo~y 3axo~i Ha­IIIHX 3eMeJ\b IlOBCTaJ\H 3a KHHiKHX qacIB CJ\aBHI qep­BeHCbKi ropOAH, PHA MOfYTHix TBep.itHHb MiiK 6yroM

. Ta CHHOM, OAHaqe - XTO gi yKpinAeHHH 3acHysae, npo ge AiTonucgi He nepeKa3a.l\H HaM Hiqoro. AAe

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.Moryi'Hi ropo~Higa~ J!!O 3aJ\HlIIHJ\HCH AOCI, CBl,lJ;lJaCb npo CHAY TOAilIIHOI AepmaBHOCTH.

AAe CJ\oe' HHH He AOpiBHJOBaJ\H HHlIIHM HapoAaM 36poaJO ii opr'aHiaa!!ia10, 3aTe nepeBHJ!!HAH ix cno­co6oM 6yAOBH ropoAiB. B faAH'llHHi a ix noHaA 100. l..JacTHHa !!HX ropOAHJ!! IIOXOAHTb ia AOiCTOpHllHHX qacie, aAe nepeea.tKAHBe 'llHCJ\o 3 V.-VIII. CTOAiTT.ff. C . .l\OB

1

HHCbKi nAeMeHa . He MaAH CHJ\H nepeMorTH BO· porie y 'llHCTOMY noAi, TO ii 6opoAHCH TaK, J!!O cTa­BHJ\H cKpiab yKpinAeHi ropoAH. I ropH KapnaTH Han-. -KpaJ!!e Ha,ll;aBaJ\HCH' AO TaKoi o6opoHH.

Ha maAb HiAe He HaxoAHMO icTopH1rnHx eicTOK, J!!O IIOAaBaJ\H foi' HKHH AiHCHHH CTaH icHyBaB B 3a­xiAHix 11acTHHax KapnaT aa neplIIHX: yKpaiHCbKHX KHnaie. Otttta11e He yAnrae HaHMeHlIIOMY cyMHieoei, 'J!!O Hallli npeAKH i TYT MyciAH aaeanTo 6opoHHTHC.ff nepeA piaHHMH aaH:;J;aMH; THM na11e, J!!O KapnaTH 3.tJ;aBHH 6yAH AaKOMHM KYCKOM i TOMY piaHi nocnraAH 3a !!HMH aeMAHMH. B nepllly 11epry cepeA rycTHX KapnaTcbKHX npaAicie - lieK0He11Ho Tpe6a 6yAo 6y· .AyBaTH OKpeMi CXOBl1J!!a, 60 caMa KapnaTCbKa npH­po;J;a, HK AicHa ryJ!!a, 60.1\0Ta, piKH, HenppXOAHMi Bep.xH 6yAH AOCKOHaJ\OJO oxopOHOJO nepeA llYiKHMH 3aa1xaHHHMH.

MaaMo .BnpaBAi cKyni eicTKH npo Apyri yKpaIHCbKi 3eMAi 3a KHHiKHX 11acie, Ta .3Ha6MO, J!!O npeAKH Hallli ·BHHlIIJ\H a O;J;Horo cxi;J;Hboro cepeAOBHJ!!a, J!!O B ceoix noxo,ll;ax aaHlIIAH AaAeKo Ha aacnHCbKi 3eMAi Ta TYT <>CeJ\JOBaJ\HCH -. i !!e caMe HaBOAHTb TBepA.tKeHHH, J!!O HiXTO HHlIIHH - /\Hille !!i caMi AJOAH - .ffK i Ha .Apyrnx yI<paiHCbKHX 3eMJ\HX - OT.tKe yKpaiH!!i -.A8AH ocHoey niA TOAilIIHe .tKHTTH H: niaHilIIHH poa­BHTOK yKpaiHCbKoro nAeMeHH B KapnaTax, J!!O eiA AeJ!!O BiAMiHHOi CB06i roeipKH BiA ApyrHX yKpaiH­CbKHX roeopiB - IIpH6paAO 3 6iroM 11acy - Ha3BHJ!!e

5*

68

AeMKH. OttttaLJ:e Ha ge ocTaHHe 3J\OmHAoc.a 6araTo HH~Hx npHLJ:HH i enAHeie tipyrHx nocTopoHHix LJ:HH­HHKIB.

3Ha6MO TOLJ:HO, IMO eme yKpaiHCbKi KHH3i 6paAH yKpaiHChK~ 1;1AeM' .a AeMKie B o6opotty nepe4 HaisHH­KaMH Ta IXHIM BH3HCKOM, IlOMaraAH iM TaKom BHnH-

IJ,epKBa B HoBoMy CaHrti.

l~epKBa. BoAocaTe. (<l>oT JJ. <l>aJ\bKOBCKi) .

paTH eopora 3 IllAKapnaTCbKHX 3eMe.l\b I 31 CaMHX KapnaT.

IJ!e 3a KH.ffmHx LJ:acie ocepeAKOM CHHOKa 6yAH KHHmi mepeMU (naAaTH-3aMOK), a IlOJ\bCbKi AiTOnHcgi • nMlllrrn npo noAbCbKoro KopoA.a Ka3HMHpa, ara­AYIOTh, IMO eiH yme B 1352 p. nepe6yeae y c.attigh­KOMH 3aMKy. Tenep HeMa ii cAiAy atti 3 ttaBHhoro KH.ffmoro 3aMKy, aHI . 3 gepKBH, .ffKa 3BHLJ:a6M HaWHX KH.Raie 6yAa npH ·3aMKy. Ha · Micgi ttaBHhoro KHH-

69

~oro 3aMKY 6 Tenep y C.~rnogi 3aMoK, IMO iioro qo­Myco 3BYTb ,,3aMKOM no.i\bCbKoi Kopo.i\eBH EottH". Ha3aa !JH 6e3niACTaatta, 1) 60 Micgeae noAaHHH npo <>CHOBHH!JIO 3aMKY B C.SIHogi Kp. Bo Hy, onepTe Ha HeicTopH'IHHX - BHAyMaHHX OCHOBax - 60 XOll y HbOMY ·2KH.i\a B XVI CToAiTTIO Kopo.i\eaa EoHa, TO He Ha ii npHKa3 3aMoK 36yAyBaAl:f. Mom.i\HBe i ge 6i.l\bllle npaBAOIIOAi6He, 1!!0 AA.SI Hei CTapHH 3aMOK HaIIIHX KHH3iB nepe6yAyBaAH. AaAbme ,3HaeMo, IMO C.SIHiK 3a.l\02KH.i\H yKpaiHCbKi KHH3i, HKO o6opoHHHH 3?MOK; BiH Ha.i\etKaB ~o yKpaiHCbKo-pyCbKOro B06-BIACTBa, pHAHBCH yKpa1HcbKHM-pycbKHM npaaoM, HKe B CHHi!J,bKHX 3eMJ\.SIX AOXOBaAOC.SI AO 1434 p.

Tpe6a TaKom' 3raAaTH, IMO s 1241 p., HK TaTapH ..11.iiiIIIAH am Ha noAH AirHi!J,H - MicTo lla AO.i\iIIIHbO­My W.i\eCbKY _:___ TOAi 3aqii:IHAH 3a CHHiK i iioro <qaCTHHHO 3py'iiHyBa.l\H. 3apa30M ge neprna._ icTopHtIHa 3raAKa npo 1'1icTo CaHiK. ,

Oo6AH3bKi .ceAa CHHOKa, EocbKO, Eepe3is (Tene­pirnHe MiCTe'IKO), KoMaHbtia, Ky.i\HlllHe, npyciK, Co­J\HHKa, CypoBHJ!H, THp.Sisa, IJJaaHe ii 51tIMHp nAa-1'HAH I!!e B 1496 p. n3aMKOBe" Ha Hanpaay CHHiJJ,b­.KOfO 3aMKy.2

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HaToMicgb Hitio He 3Ha6MO npo notiaTKH 3aMKY Ha Co6HHi, KO.AO MaHaCTHp!J,R, 6iAH AicbKa, 60 aiH 6ys yme B XVI. cToAiTTIO po3BaAeHHH. 8)

PiaHoiK 3a qacia yKpai'HCbKoro KHH3H Bo.i\OAHMHpKa eTOHB 3aMOK no ApyroMy npaaoMy 6ogi CHHY 'B Ai­cax, 1!!0 Tenep Ha.i\etKaTb llaCTHHHO AO EiAoi r opH, .AimHi Ta BiAbxoaegb. Ko.i\H geii 3aMoK po3aaAHBCH, npo Te HeMae icTopHtIHoi 3raAKH. OcTaAa AO Cbo-

1) BA. KyxapcKi: ~anok i Sanocka Ziemia w dohie Piast6w i Jagietl6w. J\bRiB 1906. CT. 8.

•) Kaann: Sprawozdanie fizjograficznej Komisji. T. III. 3) 0. 4oAOBcKi: Dawne zamki i twierdze na Rusi halickiej. .l\baia

1892. CT, 47 . .

70

roAHi e Aici Ha BiAiH f opi, (CTYAH.H) KepHH!J.H 3BaHa. Kopo.Aesoi BoHH Ta Ae.HKi KaMiHHi pyMoBHI,!!a.

3apa30M HiAe HeMa6 IlOAaHH.H npo CTapHHHiH KH.H­}KHH 3aMoK, I,!!O lioro c.\iAH 3aAepmaAH Ha MHMOHJO ~ (npuci.AOK bOCbKa). 3 Apyroi CTOpOHH Ha 3aXOAi,. HaA piKOIO nonpaAOM, Ae BAHBa6TbC.H pitJKa PocTOKa,.

,llepeBllRH.a OBBiH.ut/R. CMepeK, nos. AicKo. (<DoT. 51. Ct>aAbKOBCKi).

CTO.H.l\a B 1017 P.· CTpamHH!J.H-3aMOK, I,!!O 6y.Aa no­AyqeHa niA3eMHHM nepeXOAOM (noAi6HHH ni,l\3eMHHK nepexiA 6ye Mim B.l\aCTHBHM C.HHi!JbKHM 3aMKOM i 6i­AOropCbKHM), 30 3aMKOM y HaeolioeiH. TaKHH·me aaMoK 6ye y MynrnHi, A106oeHi - 3ropie y 1553 p., Aa.Abllle e lfoplllTHHi, TponIIJTHHi(?). Y gHx aaMKax.

u • • ..

aaxopOHIOBa.l\H AIOAH C806 MaHHO 1 !JI.he HaceAeHHH CaHAeqqffHH xopoHH.l\OC.H nepeA TaTapcbKHMH Ha­na,l\aMH.

71

3'oKpeMa giKaei noAii CaHAetitIHHH Mi.m 1259--1260 p., HK TaTapH HIIIJ\H Ha 3axiA niA KpaKie, TOAi yKpaiHe!Jb neTpo 3 KpaMnHoi no6HB ix Ta po­BirHae, J!!,O cAiAy He cTa.l\o 3 ix nepwux cTe.m. 0AHatie TaTapH, ApyrHM HaeopoTOM, B2Ke 8 1287 p. 3Hoey 3araH.ffIOTbC.ff Ha 3axiAHi 3eMAi, na.l\.ffTb Hoeuii Topr, aJ\e H .Tenep no6iq CaHtia poBrpoMAeHi, eep­TaIOTb Ha CXJA.

3Ha6MO BiATaK, J!!,O Mi2K 1313-1320 pp. AOXOAHTb Mi.m HaceAeHH.ffM CaHAetitIHHH AO qacTHX nepena.l\OK 3 oce.l\eHJJ.ffMH 3 3axoAy; CaHAetitiaHH He xotiyTh ne­penycKaTH lIJ2KHX KOpa6.l\iB, HaeaHTa2KeHHX BC.ffKHM A06poM, KpoMi CO.l\H, 60 Ha ci.l\b He 6y.l\o TOAi MHTa ~ ceoiM pycAOM piKH AyHaiig.a. Aonepea. DO.l\b­chKHH KOpOAb Ka3HMHp y 1345 p. HaKa3ae oKpeMHM npueiAeeM (XL-I.) eiJ\hHHH nepeiBA Ha Y~paiHy-Pych qepe3 Bill, ?KMnropoA, CHHiK i Aa.l\bIIIe. 3 gux qacie1

)

Ma6MO BraAKY npo ceAa: BHcoey, BepxoeHIO (Bip­XOMJ\10), 3AO!JbKe, Aa6oey, AeA10xie, PocTaHHe, Po· CTOKy, CoAOTBHHH, CeHTKoey, THAHlI, THxaHIO, l.Jop­Hy, lliJ\HXToey H 5leipKH.

Ha 3ax0Ai,2) Mail.me no TiH ca~iH. eT~or'pacpitIH.iii AiHii, J!!,O Al.l\HTb CbOrOAHH yKparngrn BIA. IlO.l\.ffKIB, MaJ\H HaIIIi npeAKH cyciAaMH .l\HIIICbKi a6o IlOJ\bCbKi nAeMeHa. € sci AaHi TeepAHTH, J,!!O TYT eTHor'pa­cpitIHa rpaHHJJ.ff npoT.ffrOM iCTOpHtIHHX qacie nocyHy­.1\aC.ff Ha cxiA, Ha HeKopHCTb yi<.paiHCbKOro HapOAY· Te caMe Moama c1<.aBaTH 6iAhIII·MeHw i npo yi<.pa­iHCbKo·cAoeagbKe norpaHHlllI.ff B Me.max CbOrOAHfflIIHOi niAKapnaTcbKoi Y 1<.paiHH - Pycu. 3a KapnaTaMH Ma· AHPH a6o yrpu, .ffKi npHHWJ\H TJAH B KiHgi IX. e., 3HaHWJ\H eme yi<.paiHChKi - pycbKi ocaJi;H. AJ\e Ha no.l\i BiAHOCHH IlO.l\iTHlIHHX B3a6MHH 3 MaAHpCbKOIO

1) CHTBBbcKi I.: Historja Nowego Sl\cza. J\beie 1901. T. III. •) npocp. ,l{. ,l{opomeHKO, HapHC lcTopii YKpai'HH. T. I. CT. 36.

72

.ir;epmaso10 no11HHa10Tb rpaTH poAIO am B XI. cTo­J\ITTIO.

CTpo 3axi.ir;Hi YKpaiHCbKi 3eMAi .ir;o cepe.ir;HHH XII. CTOAiTT.ff. Ma6MO J\H°!e .ir;e.H.Ki ypHBKOBi BiCTKH. y no­r J\H.ll;ax J\ITOHHC!JH !JI 3eMJ\l npe.ir;cTaBJ\.fflOTbCH IlOJ\0-COIO si11Horo cynepHH!JTBa YKpaiHH-PycH Ta CToAbJ!!i;

lf epes1uma iJasiHUqR no6i'l qepKsu. KoMaH11a n. CRHiK. (Cl>oT. 51. <l>aJ\bKOBCKi).

AiTOIIHCHi BiCTKH 6 HatJe BiArOMOHOM 6e3HaCTaHHOi

6opOTb6H YKpaiHH-PycH 3 noAbJ!!elO 3a faAH11HHY B XI. CT. Ayme giKase TYT .ffBHJ!!e, J!!O CTepeMHIIIJ\b BHCTynae TOAi .ffK roAOBHHH, Haif.ir;asHiIIIHH ocepe.ir;oK niBHiIIIoi f aAH11HHH. fpyIIIeBCbKHH s ,,lcTopii YKpaiHH· PycH" no.ffCHIOe, J!!O .ir;yme M02KJ\HBO, J!!O CTepeMHIIIAb . . . ysamaAH .ir;asHIIIIe 3araAbHHM ocepe.ir;KoM AA.ff !JIAoro CTi.ir;KapnaTT.ff, .HK TaKom cKyq11eHa yKpaiHCbKa KOJ\bO· . . . . HI3a!JI.ff MJCIJ\a AOCHTb BHXOAHTH 3a CBOIO TenepIIIIHIO

73

rpamqpo Ha pismrni, Ta I<OAH 3a BoAOAHMHpa yKpa­iHCbKa noAiTHqHa rpaHHJ:!R TRrAacR ,,am no KpaKis," . . . BOHa Ae,llBO q11 BHXO,llHAa 21.yme· 3HaqHo 3a Tl MIIIIaHI TepHTOpn.

Oi3HiIIIe yKpaiHCbKHM KH.H3.HM piAKO KO.AH (xi6a :ige 3a1 51poc.Aasa) yAaAOCR B gi.AOCTH sepHyTH AO

I'ocnoaapi niiJ 4epKB010. KoMaHh'la n. CHniK. (<l>oT. R. <Pa.11bKOBcKi).

Bo.l\OAHMHposoi rpaH11gi, 3aropHyT11 gi MiIIIaHi 0Kpa-1H11. OpoTHBHO, BiA KO.l\H KpaKis 3s' R3aHo TicHiIIIe 3 nOJ\bCbKOIO ,llepmaBOIO, 00.1\RKH Il01:1HHaIOTb CRraTH ii no 1:111cTo yKpaiHChKi · 3eM.Ai. 3a ooAec.Aasa Xo­po6poro, s 1:1aci oc.l\a6AeHHR Y KpaiH11.:Pyc11 no cMepTH BoAOAHMHpa, Oo.ARKH npasAono.n,i6Ho 3a6pa.A11 He Ti.AbKH '80.1\HHCbKe 3a6ymmR, a.l\e TaKOiK f a.AHl:IHHy,

74

Ta 8epHeHO g1 8Tpant Ha3aA am KiJ\bKaHaHgHTb J\iT maHiwe.

npH IlOAiJ\i 3eMeJ\b aa BoJ\OAHMHpa, fa.llH11HHY B.lly11eHo 8 OAHY 80.llOCTb . 3 Bo.llHHIO 8 pyKax Eo­pHca, noTiM Bce80J\OA_.a. ni3Hiwe nepeXOAHTb 8 6e3-nocepeAHlO 8.1\aCTb KHIBCbKOro KHH3H.

3axiAHi yKpaiHCbKi 3eMAi pa30M 3 TenepiWHbOIO AeMKi8IgHHOIO HaAemaJ\H TOAi AO 8eAHKoi KHiBCbKOi AeptKa8H. 6AHiCTb KHi8CbKoi Aepma8H icHy8a.lla Ba 5lpoc./\a8a MyAporo (1019-1054), KOJ\H Maiime 8Ci

• • • . ' u 3eMJ\I, 3ace.lleHI CXIAHO-CJ\a8 .RHCbKHMH -- OT2Ke H yKpaiHCbKHMrt IlJ\eMeHaMH, yeiHWAH B CKAaA giei Aepma8H, CKiH11HJ\OCH ia CMepTIO .Hpoc.l\aBa 1054 poKy.

Bme geii KHH3b IlOA·iAH8 Aepmaey Mim C80iMH CHHaMH 8 TOH cnoci6, igo HaHCTapwoMy C80MY CH­H08i faHcAaey AaB K11i8 i HosropoA; CsHTOC.llaey Aas 4epHiri8 3 no,ll;aJ\bWHMH BeMMIMH; Bceso.lloAy - nepe.ffCAaB Ta nieHi11HHH PocToB; IropIO - Bo­J\HHb; BR11ec.llaey - CMo.lleHCbK; 8HyKoei PocTHCAaey - faAH11HHY 3 HaH,ll;aAblllHMH Ha 3aXOAi 3eMA.ffMH, caMe 3 JleMKiBW,UHOIO. 0.ll;Ha11e He3rOAa, Mimyco6Hgi 6paTiB cnpH11HHHAH, igo npogec 8HAiJ\eHH.ff OKpeMHX BeMe.llb iB OAHoi cni.llbttoi Y KpaiHCbKoi Aepma8H no-11HHa6TbC.ff 8/Ke B1'.fpa3HO B KiHgi XI. BiKy. nepwoIO BiAOKpeMH.l\aC.ff r aAH"IHHa. Ii gaxonHJ\H TPH MOAOAi KHH3i PiopHK, Bo.llOAap i BacH.llbKO PocTHCJ\aeH11i. Ix AiA, Bo.llOAHMHp 5lpocJ1.aeH11, noMep paHfwe 8iA c8oro 6aTbKa 5lpoc.lla8a MyAporo, Ta ix 6aTbKO PocTHC.1\38 .Hpoc.lla8, 3po6HBC.R iBroeM Ta yTiK AO TbMyTopo1<atti (KHiBCbKHH nopT Ha 03iHCbKiM Mopi), wyKaTH igacT.R-,ll;O.lli. TyT aoro OTpyi.llH rpeKH. BiH J\HWH8 y .lliTonHcgH TaKy naM

1.ffTb: .,ceii PocTHC.llaB

6y8 Mym Ha eiHHi 8iA8aLKHHH, pocToM rapyHii, .llH­geM KpaCHHH, AMI e6omx MH.l\OCepHHH. Yioro TPH

75

CHHH Myci.l\H TOAi 3icTaTHCH J!!e Ayme MOJ\OAHMHj Ha icTopwrny apeHy BOHH BHXOAHTb am KiJ\bKaHaHgHTb AiT ni3HiIIIe. no.l\HIIJHJ\HC.R BOHH, npa13,tJ;OilO.tJ;i6HO 6e3 ycsKHX eoJ\o.cTeH." MoAoAi PocTHCAaew1i, 3a.l\HIIIHB· IIIHC.R CHpoTaMH, caMi 3.tJ;o6yAH co6i yAi.l\H B faAH-11HHi i TeepAo TaM 3aciAH. P10pHK, J!!O 3axonHe 6ys nepeMHlllJ\b, CKOpo IlOMep; no HOMY BOJ\O.tJ;ie nepe-

KoonepamusHuli Kypc s 31wq.bKiM s 1929 p. no cepeAliHi Bnp. o. AeKaH j siSHTaTOP Ieaa KaqMap, iacn. A. faepHJIKO,

Apyrni:i eiA Jlieol CTOpOHH CHAHTb npocp. n. TpycKaeeubKHH.

MHlllAeM pa30M 3i 3aC.RHCbKHMH 3eMJ\.RMH BoAOAapb, J!!O 6opoHHTb ceoix 3eMeJ\b nepeA cyciAHOIO floAb­J!!eIO ii YropJ!!HHOIO. BiH 3acHyeae AHHacTiIO, .RKa naHyeaAa e faAH11HHi am AO caMoro KiHgSI XII. cTo­AiTTH. 0KpaiHHi yKpaiHchKi 3eMAi, KYAH Maiime He AOC.ffra.l\H IlOJ\OBegbKi HaCKOKH (flaJ\OBgi1

- ge 11H-

1) n. foJ1y6oecbKHH: neqeairn, TopKH i noJ1oeui AO npHXOAY TaTap. KHIB, 1884.

76

-CAeHHa i . CHJ\bHa opAa ai CXOAy, l!!,O '6iAblll Him Ha niBTOpa CTOAiTTH CTaAa cnpaBmHiM DmlGiM 6u11eM AAH YKpaiHCbKHX ' 3eMe.l\b . . oopoTb6a· 3 no.l\OBJ!HMH HanoBHl06 co6010 icTopi10 · rriBAeHHoi YKpaiHH, am AO npuxoAy TaTap B rreplll'ii:i rroAOBHHi XIII. cToAiTTH), AyiKe CKopo apo6HAHCH AlOAHOlO H 6araTolO KpaiH010, 3 po3BHHYTHM rocnoAapcTBOM i ToproeAelO. CTpo BiJtHOCHHH AO 0oAbl!!,i Bnepllle 11Y6MO 1) B AiTOITHCHiH aan11cgi niA 1092 p.: ,,Cboro poKy eo10BaA1-r CToAbl!!,Y no.l\OBJ!i 3 BacHAeM PocTHCAaBH110M," l!!,O KJ\HBCH nepeA CB06l0 6paTi6lO -.,-- ,,A;aHTC MeHi CBOlO MOJ\OA;lllY Apym11Hy ·- i H rro4yMae o6opoHHTH i rriMCTHTH yKpaiH:c:bKy aeMAlO - nl4y, a6o a406yAy co6i cAaay, a6o roAOBY CBOlO noAomy 3a yKpaiHCbKY 3eMAlO. HHllloi raAKH He 6yAO· a cepgi MoiM; B TiM · KAeHycH EoroM i iioro ripHI1IeCTBi6M, l!!,O He noAyMaB H 110-roc:b 3.1\0ro cyrrpOTH 6paTii M06i!" 00HCHCHHH gei BiAipsaHoi sicTKH HaXOAHMO y crroeiAH Bac11AbKa, 60 BOHa Mome MaT11· ABOHKe 3Ha11iHHH: 6opoHHTH YKpa­iHy-Pycb BiA rrpeTeHciH ITOJ\bCbKHX .i MCTHTHCH 3a AaBHi 3MaraHHH - BiAipaaTH 3axiAHi yKpaiHCbKi 3eMAi. QqeaHAHO BacH.l\bKO 11ya ce6e CHAbHillIHM, aiH ysa­mas MO.lKJ\HBHM n;epeHeCTH 6opOTb6y Ha ITOJ\bCbKHH I'pyHT i HaBiTb ,,B3HTH," ce6TO 3pyttHyBaTH n3eMJ\lO AHACbKylO."

AAytolll (rroAbCbKHH icTopHK), l!!,O TYT 11eprrae no BCHKiH rrpaBAOITOAi6HOCTH 3 3aTpa11eHoro yKpaiH­-CbKOro AmepeAa, orroBiAa6, l!!,O BriAHO 3 BOHOBHH­~HMH nAHHaMH BacHJ\bKa, rrposaAHB BoAoAap i 11acTo HarraAaB Ha ITOJ\bCbKi 3eMJ\i H 3a611paB A06u11y, ITOKH iforo TaMTi He 3.1\0BHJ\H rriA;cTyrroM B OAHOMY HanaAi; TaK, l!!,O BiAHOCHHH Mi.tK f aA1111ufio10 i CToAbl!!,elO He ITOJ\IITlllyBaJ\HCH.

') MHxaiiAo fpy111eecbKHH: lcTopiR YKpai0

HH-PycH. T. II. B. 2. Abeie~ 1905.

77

0Attaqe HaHea.arniwe 3aBAaHHH nepmHx PocTHCJ\a­BHtiie - 3a6e3netieHHH. icttyeaHHH raJ\H!JbKOi Aepmaeu H raJ\H!JbKOi AHHacTii, nowupeHttH ·qepe3 KOJ\botti3a­!!iIO yKpaiHCbKHMH oceJ\eH!JHMH yKpaiHCbKHX 3eMeJ\b . 3a CHHOM i BuCJ\OKOIO i noMttomeHHH CHJ\H AO Aa.l\b-woi 6opoTb6H. .

no BoJ\OAapi, Horo CHH BoJ\OIJ,HMHpKO BCAe AaJ\bllle f aJ\HtIHHY no BKa3aHiH ,.\opo3i. aiH AepmHTbCH eipHO raJ\H!JbKHX TpaAH!JiH, OAHatie qepe3 pi3Hi pOAHHHi 3B

1H3KH nona4a6 , e Ayme npHKpe. noAomeHHH, 60

Bo.l\HHb eiAJ\YtIHJ\aCH B .OAHix . pyKax 3 KuisoM Ta notiaTKOBHH coI03HHK BoJ\OAHMHpKa, f!!O y aiHHi 1144 p. BoJ\OAHMHpKo MaB yropcbKY noMitI: MOJ\Q· AHH KOpOJ\b r eH3a npHCJ\aB caoro 6aHa 66.1\Yllla 3 noJ\KOM y noMitI COI03HHKOBi CBOro 6aTbKa - Te­nep no CJ\OBaM KHiBCbKOi J\iTOnHCH - geH r eH3a, 3 yciMH ceoiMH noJ\KaMH H yce10 CB06IO CHJ\OIQ, epa3 3 KHiBCbKHM faHCJ\aBOM, f!!O Mae ,,cKynH ' CH Beeb" - ge6To ' 3 yciMH CBOiMH CHJ\aMH, BAapHTH Ha BoJ\OAHMHpKa BiA niBHOtIH - niwoe 3BHtiaijHolO

·AOporo10 Ha CHHiK i OepeMHlllJ\b. · BoAOAHMHpKO BHHlllOB faHCJ\aey Ha3yCTpiq niA

EeA3, aAe Ha aicTKy, f!!O yropcbKe aiHCbKO nepexo­AHTb yme KapnaTH, KHHYBCH CKOpo Ha nepeMHII,IJ\b; TaM r eH3a yme B3HB CHHiK i nycTOlllHB OKOJ\Hgi nep~MHlllJ\H. lJyIOlJH ce6e He B CHJ\i CTaTH AO 6010 3 HHM, BoJ\OAHMHpKo nicAaB .. 6araTi . AapyHKH tiiJ\h· HiIIIHM AOpaAHHKaM r eH3H,. i BOHH notia.l\J{ BiApfl· AmyeaTH KOpO.l\H BiA ,l(aJ\blllOr~ noxo4y, MOBJ\HB -qac Ayme HeHapytIHHH, 60 3aXOAHTb 3HMa (6ya Ki­Hegb ;KOBTHH). r eH3a niMaBCH . !JHM HaMOBal\j i ,aa­eepttyB Ha3aA, TaK, f!!O noxiA J<piM coycTOllleHHH saxi~Hi~ yKpaiHCbKHX 3e.MeJ\b He .MaB . aamHilllHX HaCJ\lAKlB. .. · . . -~ " . · . . · · ' .

IJ!o po6ue. THMtiacoM faa~J.\ai;h,' J\i:roauc . , II,~· K~iK<!;

78

3,ita6TbCH, IgO SlR He scnis Ha tiaC 40 r eH3H Ta nposopttiCTb BoA04HMHpKa sHpaTysaAa i:ioro; siH eKOpIIIe si4npaSHS r eHay, 3aKH faHCJ\aB 36AH3HBCH AO sii:icbK csoro coI03HHKa. BoA04HMHpKo ganoeis, J!!O He 4apye faHcAasosi aa yropchKi noxo4H Ha iioro 3eMAIO, aAe .sme 1153 p. HarAo noMep.

BoAOAHMHpKosi s icTopii aaxi4HHX y1<paiHCbKHX .aeMeAb HaAemHTbCR BH3Hatrne Micge. BiH - 060-poTHHH i sHpaxosaHHH, 6e3orAH4HHH, apyqHo i:imos AO MoryqocTH H CHAH, HK 6y4isHHqHH 4epmasH npH· sis faAHqHHY - giAy g AeMKiSIMHHOIO 40 samHoro 3HaqiHHSI s yKpaiHCbKiH no.l\iTHqHiH CHCTeMi; siH TO .a6y4ysas ~HAY i cAasy faAHqHHH, HKY noTiM a Ta1<010 nosaroIO gacTynas i:ioro CHH .HpocAas, 36upa10qH osoqi t5aTbKosoi npagi ii o6opoTHOCTH .

.HpocAaB AiCTas no 6aTbKY giAy Ta HenoAiAeHy I'aAHqHHY i no ASOX nOKOAiHHHX, igo np03<.H.l\H csiH qac cepeA TpHsorH i1 6opoTh6H, nocTasHs Ii Ha

,BepIIIHHi Hai16iAbIIIOi i AaAeKOCH3<.HOi 3BepxHoi MO­ryTHOCTH.

KHiBCbKHH AiTonHc 3 Haro4H cMepTH .HpocAasa xapaKTepH3Y6 iioro s TaKHX CAOBax:

,,Bys siH KHH3b MYAPHH, 6HcTpHH s cAosi, 6oro-6iHHHH, nosamaHHH no acix 3eMMIX i CAaSHHH CBOiMH noAKaMH. KoAH 6yAa iioMy HKa KpHs,ita, TO He xo· .AHB siH caM 3 siHCbKOM, aJ\e noCH.l\8S csoix soeso4. BiH npHsis cso10 3eMAIO AO nperapaoro CTaHy, pog­Aasas 6araTO MH.l\OCTHHi, 6ys AacKaSHH AO 6e3-AOMHHX, roAysas 6i.itHHX, AI06Hs MOHaIIIHH qHH i niA­noMaras iioro CKiAbKH .Millie Mir; y sciM COOBHHS 3aKOH 6omHH, CaM IlH.l\b-aysau gepKOBHHX cnpas i s nopHAKY TpHMas KpHAOC."

3aosy-m CAoso o noAKY lropesiM 3Ma.hbosya nHIIIHHMH cAosaMH i:ioro CHAy: ,,faAH!JbKHH OcMo­MHCAe-HpocAaee ! SHCOKO TH CHAHIII Ha CB0°iM 30.1\0-

79

TOKoaaHiM cToAi, niAnepnrn YropcbKi ropn ceoiMH 38Ai3HHMH IIOJ\KaMH - aacTyIIHBllIH KopoAeBH AOpory, aa1.1HHHBllIH AyHaIO aopoTa - p.RAHl.fH cy AH AO Ay­HaIO ! fpoaa TBOH no aeMA.ffX Teqe! Tu aiA1.fHH.ff6lll aopoTa KHiBCbKi; CTpiAH6lll 3 6aTbKiBCbKOfO 30.1\0TOfO CTOJ\a caJ\Tattie' (TypKiB) IIO AaJ\eKHX aeM.l\.ffX! ... "

ll,epKBa B celli Hux11R Mox11a'iKa . CsiTAHB ,l(p. M. ,l(sepoBH'I .

.Hpoc.l\aB, IIpHBiBllIH aeM.l\IO yKpaiHCbKY AP npe­rapHoro CTaHy, IIOMep 1. ;KOBTHJI 1187 p. CTo CAO· BaM AiTOilHC!!ff BiH, IIOl.fYBllIH ce6e CMepTe.l\bHO xo­pHM, CKJ\HKaB AO ce6e Ha 4aip AYXOBeHCTBO, 6o-11pCTBO, ,,H HHIJ!ml, H CHAbRhIH, H XYAbrn" - ,,yc10 f a.l\H!!bKY 3eMAIO," i IIpOAOBm .TPbOX AHiB fOCTHB ix, poaAaIOqH MH.l\OCTHHIO MOHaxaM i 6iAHHM Ta npo-

. CHB ycix, IJ!06 npo6a1.1H.l\H HOMY sci iioro npoaHHH.

80

Csiii cTiA ai44as MOAOAWOMY c11Hos1 csoMy 0Ae­roaj, a cTap1II0My BoAOAHMHposi OepeMHIIIAh.

Yloro CMepTb 6yAa noqaTKOM 3aMilllaHb, J!!O npH­Be./\.H faAH!J,bKY 3eMAIO, TaKy C./\.aBHY Ta iMil03aHTHY ga qacis 5lpocAasa, Ha KpaM: noAin1qHoi cMepTH. PiA 5lpocAasa - sme s nep1IIiM: qsepi'i XIII cT0AiTn1, BHMep i · f aJ\.HqHHa spa3 3 3aXi,llHHMH y~paiHCbKHMH 3eMAHMH onHHHAac.sr s pyKax TaAaHOBHToro PoMaHa

· McTHCAas11qa, J!!O 4as · noqaToK gacHysaHHIO oceAi, . HaA piK010 Ta6010, np11T0Ko10 B11cA0Ka 3B. PoMaHoae CeAO - a6o PoMaHiB. no M:oro CMepTH, CHFI M:oro AaHHAO CTsopHB CHAbHY faAH!J.hKo-BoAoAHMHpcbKY 4epmaay. ,

AAe cMepTb ocTaHHboro 3 BOJ\04apis gei 4epm.aa11 BoAecAaaa lOpi.sr (1340) A03BOAH./\.a noAbCbKOMY KO­poAeai Ka3HMHpoai 3aao10aaTH faA11q11Hy, B nepllliH qep3i 3axi4Hi 3eMAi, TaK J!!O B06HHi IlOXOAH ai46y­ea./\.HC.SI ai4 cTopoHH OoAbJ!!i ace 3 niaHiqHboro-3a­xo4y H 3406yTH Bil./\.HB Ha noAiTHKY yKpaiHCbKOi AepmaBH • .

BeAHKi icTopHqHi cKap611, naM' .SITKH 3 KH.srmoi A06H · He 3axosaAHC.S1 40 HallIHX qacia. BoHH nponaAH Ha MiCQ,.SIX, 60 HaH6iAblll.e ix 6yAo no ropo4aX-33MK3X i MaHaCTHp.srx. Bci .3aMKH 6yAH CTOJ\HQ..SIMH KH.SILKHMH, 60 KH.R3b He CHAiB Ha OAHOMY Micgi, aJ\e 06i34HB caiM: KpaM: i 3aMKH. KpiM Toro 3aMoK, KOLKHHH 30KpeMa, 6ys ociAKOM KOrOCb 3 KH.SILKHX AOCTOHHH­KiB: BOiBOAH, THByHa, a6o .THC.Sl!J,bKOrO i MeHIIIOi cTapllIHHH paTHoro,,noroTiBAH. KomHHH 3aMoK, ce6To TBepAHH.SI, 6yAa 04HoqacHo H ocepeAKOM a4MiHicTpa­gii: Kpaeaoi, o6AaCHOi, OKpymHoi q11 BOJ\OCHOi. .H4poM 3aMKY (TaepAHHi) 6ya MaHaCTHp 3 gepKBOIO 3aMKO­..SOIO, 6yAH TaM J!!e aaMKOBi. aa6yAyBaHH.SI, 30KpeMa TepeM (naAaT~). 3aMoK 6ya KaHgeA.srpie10 a4MiHicTpa­giiiHoi OKpyrH, a nHcap.SIMH 6yAH 3BHqaHHO qepgi.

81

ToMy no MaHaCTHpHx i 3aMKOBHX gepKsax 6yAo nostto ypHAOBHX naM' HTOK.

KpiM Toro 3aMKOBi MaHaCTHpi, Ta Ige 3 KaTeApo10 enHCKOna, npoBOAH.l\H IIIKO.l\H AMI 6oHpCbKOi i Ay­XOBHOi MO.l\OAi, a npH lllKO.l\ax 6i6AioTeKH. He3aAemHo BiA Toro BCHKHH MaHaCTHp, 6yAb ropOAOBHH, 6yAh ci.l\bCbKHH, npoBaAHB AiTODHC, AC 3anHcysaB sci samttimi BHIIaAKH. B KpaIO i B csoiH MicgeBOCTH Ta HBHiga B npHpOAI. '

AAe gepKBH, 3aMKOBi 6yAiBAi, qH s3araAi Ma­HaCTHpcbKi, 3a piAKHMH BHiMKaMH 6yAH AepeB.l\.SIHi, TOMY AiTODHCH, AiTonHcHi KHHrH Ta HHIIIe 6aragTBO Hepa3 naAa.l\H mepTBOIO BOrHIO. 0AHaqe Hai16i.l\bIIIY CTpaTy noHic y1<paiHCbKHH HapiA qepe3 ge, IgO no­KHHY.l\a H:oro npoBiAHa sepcTaa, H:oro KY.l\hTyptta i 6araTa sepcTBa, 6oHpcbKHX AiAHqis. OepexoAOM CBOiM 'niA Bil.l\HBH .l\aTHHCbKOro MiciottapCTBa, Aa.l\a BOHa BiApa3y piIIIyqy nepesary Apyriii CTopoHi, AO HKoi npHcTa.l\a. Ta, 6aragTsa AeHKHX apHcToKpaTis 6y.l\H HC3MipeHHi i BOHH BiA Toro qacy HIII.l\H Ha niAAepmKy no.l\hCbKoi KJ.l\hTypH. CAoBoM - BTpaTa yr..pa

0

iHCbKOro HapOAY H:oro piAHOi sepxiBKH piIIIH.l\a 3apa30M i H:oro AO.l\IO Ha AOBri CTO.l\iTTH.

BALKHIWI AATH 3A KH5ILKHX 4ACIB 800-1340.

800. noqaTOK KHiBCbKOi AepmaBH. 860. AcKO.l\A i AHP y Kuisi. 911. 0.1\er. 943. Irop. 972. Cs.s1Toc.l\aB 3asoHOBHHK. 979-1015. BoAOAHMHp BeAHKHH. 981. 3.1\yKa r aJ\HqHHH 3 KuiBOM. 988. XpeigeHHH Y KpaiHH. lAioerpoaaea ICTOpl• Ae111tfeqptea 6

82

1018-1054 . .RpocAaB My,11;pHH. 1084. PocTHCJ\aBHqi a f aAHtrnHi. 1153-1187 . .Rpoc.l\aB OcMOMHCJ\ ra.11.HgbKHH. 1185. noxi,11; lrop.R Ha noJl.OB!J,iB. 1200-1205. no1IHH ra.l\H!J,bKO-B0.1\0.ll,HMHpCbKOi .ll,ep-

.tKaBH. PoMaH a f a.1mqHHi. 1205-1264. AaHH.11.0 fa.11.HgbKHH. 1223. Oepurnii npHxi,11; TaTap. 1240. KiHegb KHiBCbKoi ,11;ep.masH. 1253. KopoHagiH AaHHAa. 1340. KiHegb ra.11.H!JbKO-BOJ\O.lf.HMHpcbKo"i Aep.masH . .

Ta KIHegb KH.RLKHX qacIB.

YKPAlHChKA fPAHYl!J51 BIA 3AXOAY.

CTpHr.l\HHbMOCH Tenep e KopoTgi, HKa 6yAa TO­AiIIIHH rpaHH!!H Mim CxoAOM i 3axoAOM. KpaiiHe yKpaiHCbKe MiCTO, sraAaHe B CytiaCHHX A2KepeAax -ge CTepeeopecbK; aAe s nisHiIIIHx BKasieoK B~AKO, 1go rpaHH!!H TYT csiraAa sHallHO Aa.l\bIIIe sa ge MlCTO. T aK BO.l\OCTH KpeIIIiBCbKa i 3aMxiecbKa, IJ!O saiiMa.l\H MaHme ,giAe nopilllJH TaHBH, salJHC.l\H.l\HCH AO CTepe­MHCbKoi seMAi, i COHMOB,a KOHCTHTygh1 1583 p., IJ!O HaAaeaAa 3aMOHCKOMY cTapocTea KpeIIIiBCbKe i 3aM· xiBCbKe, BHpa3HO 3alJHCJ\H6 ix AO ,,pycbKHX seMeJ\b." OcaAH: KpeIIIiBCbKa fyTa i KHHmniAbCbKHH MaiiAaH noKaByIOTb, IJ!O rpaHHgi KpeIIIiecbKOi BO.l\OCTH saii· MaJ\H npaeHH (nieHilJHHH) 6eper TaHBH. BsaraAi rpa-

. HHgi 3eMeJ\b i 806BiACTB 3aAepmyeaJ\HC~ B CTapiii no.l\bl!!,i AOCHTb A06p~, H MH si 3HalJHOlO neeHiCT~ M02KeMO BHXOAHTH BIA THX, BH3HalJaIOlJH rpaHH!!,l AaBHix yKpaiHCbKHX 3eMeAb, Ae 6paKye HaM CTapIIIHX BKasieoK1

); Tpe6a naM'HTaTH J\HUJe npo 3MiHHiCTb TyTeIIIHix rpaHH!!b B CTapoyKpaiHCbKHX qacax, B 6o­p0Tb6i 00J\bl!!,i Ta Y KpaiHH-Pycu sa norpaHHqHi seMAi.

Ha AieoMy 6ogi CHHY o6AaCTb pitIKH Tpe6iIIIHi HaAemaAa IJ!e AO CTepeMHCbKoi seMAi o6oMa 6eperaMH: ii AiBHH 6iK B HH2KHiH qaCTH HaAemae AO CTapocTBa AemaHCbKOro (ce.l\o CapHHa, e aKTax XV. CT. sa­qucAeHe AO AemaHcbKO~ 1<opoAiBl!!,HHH, a y eepxHiii

1) MHxaiho fpyweacbKHii: Icropill YKpai'HH-PycH. TOM II. BH4. 2. J\baia, 1905 CT. 455.

6*

84

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) .4a.11.i rpaHH!JH Hill.II.a, otJeBH.i:\HO, BO,t\O,t\i.11.oM BHc.11.oKa i BHc.11.oKH: Ha .11.isiM: 6ogi BHc.11.oKa, aKTH XIV. B. BKaayIOTh HaM e CTepe­MHChKiH aeM.11.i PHrnie, Ha ropilllHi~ BHc.11.oKy KopocHo i ce.11.0 PorH Ha piqgi A106aToeiii, npH TiM O,t\Ha

' ~ !JHX rpaMOT BHpaa~o IlO~.ll.HKY6TbCH Ha qacH yKpa­lHCbKHx-pycbKHX KHH3IB B TIM 03HatJyBaHHIO rpaHH!Jb. 51K norpaHHtJHi oca,t\H CaH,t\OMHpCbKoi aeM.11.i HaaH­saIOTb · BOHH Mposy (Tenep Mpos.11.H Ha nisHitJHHK aaxi,t\ Bi,£\ PHllleBa) .i .4oM6posy (Ma6yTh .4oM6poBa. MiLK . Cy,t\HllieBHM i PHlllesoM). IJ!o cTapa rpaHH!JH r a.11.HlJHHH imlla ,t\iHCHO Ha 3aXi,t\ Bi,£\ BHC.11.0Ka, ge IIOTBepLKy6 i .4.11.yr'olll - HK Bo.11.0,t\apeBHtJi no cMepTH: 6aTbKa BHC.11.a.ll.H BiHCbKO B CTo.11.bIMY, aJ\e BOHO ,,.11.e,t\BH ,t\iTKHYBlllHC.ff IlOAbCbKHX rpaHH!Jb - cnaJ\HBlllH KiJ\bKa. ciA Ko.11.0 BHCJ\OKH, sepHy.11.ocH Ha3a,4." .4yLKe npaB,4o­no,t\i6He, IMO .4Ayr'orn aaqepnHyB i g10 no,4po6H!JI<> npo BHCJ\OKY 3 yKpaittCbKoro ,t\LKepe1.a, HK i giAy

. !JIO BiCTKy. 3 Hei BHXO,t\HJ\O 6H, IMO Il0.11.bCbKa rpaHH!JH Mlll.11.a ,l{eCh He,t\a.11.eKo BHc.11.oKH - npaB,t\onotii6Ho .no npaBiM 6ogi ii. (B aKTax xv. CT. BHlJHCJ\HIOTb TaKi ceJ\a CHHi!JbKoro nosiTa, Ha gaxi,t\ Bi,£\ BHc.11.oKa: BaHHKa, BHc.11.oK, Bopo6AHK, AeLKaHH, A106aTjBKa,. noca,t\a BepxHH i HHLKHH, PorH i ToproBHCbKa).

Ko.11.iHo BHc.11.oKa, l{e Tenep MicTa Yytiegh, CTpH-· LKiB, cDpHrnTaK, BHCTyna6 B IlOJ\bCbKHX pyKax yme: B 1270-x pp. HK HeyKpaiHCbKi BOJ\OCTH, TaK caMo .Hc.11.0 Ha BHc.11.ogi i pHA ci.11. B iioro OKOAHgi B no­piq:10 • .Hce.11.KH. Otittaqe !JH. rp.aMoTa 3HaHa TiAhKH.. B. Ill3HlllIHX IlOTBep,4LKeHHHX 1 HIHK He MOLKHa IlOK.11.a­AaTH Ha ii BHlJHC.11.eHHH MaHaCTHpCbKHX Ma6THOCTeM~

1) AKTa rpoAB. i 38M. XIII. c. 43l.

85

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RKl!!,O 11HCJ\HTHC.sr 3 gHMH 3ra4KaMH 4A.sr XIII. CT. BHXO.t\HAO 6H, J!!,O gi o6AaCTH rop1mHhoro BHcAoKy

Myposana qepKBa Ilo11poea Ilp. AisH Mapii', 36y4oeaaa 1790 p. B ceAi IloAOHIU! (CH~iK), B A06yAOBaHOIO ASBiHHgero.

(Ce. Mrp. A. EyKaTosaq.)

ii BHcAOKH 11acTo rrepexv411AH 3 yKparnchKHX pyK .AO 4pyrnx, 60 3 4pyroro 6oKy Ma6MO BHpa3Hi BKa­.3iBKH, J!!,O rpaHHgH f aAH11HHH Ha KaprraTCbKiM rri4-rip10 - oTme Ha AeMKiBJ!!,HHi - c.srraAa 3Ha1rno 4aAi Ha 3axi4, 3aifMa1011H rropiqq.sr BHCJ\OKH, xo11 ace TaKH He 4oc.srraAa eTHoI'pacpi11Hoi rpaHHgi.

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86

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j/O'lepHa qepKBQ B Celli noce K. /(pUHUiji. (CeiTAHB Ap. M. AsepoeH11.)

no1rnHa10qH BiA qacis HraHAa, AeMKiBigHHa igopa3 6iAbIIIe 3aTpaqye ceiii rrepsicHHH BHrAHA, 30KpeMa MicTo CHHiK TpaTHTb rrpHKMeTH MicTa yKpaiHCbKHX KHH3iB. flo.l\bCbKi KopoAi, Ha,l\alO:rn !f 113KY np11BiAeis qymoMy H3II.l\HBOBOMY eJ\6MeHTOBI, HIM!JHM, IIOAHKaM, MaAHpaM, qexaM, a THM caMHM o6Me2Kyl0Tb rrpHBiAe­HMH npasa MicgeBHX1 yKpaiHCbKHX ropo2KaH. no.l\b• CbKHH KOpOAb fR.111'MOHT I. A03BOAHB y 1530 p.

96

OCHyeaTH B c.~rnogi KyurnipcbKHH gex i AaB npHBiAeH AA.SI !JbOro gexy. !J,eii npHBiAeH CilHCaHHH y AOKy­MeHTi, .ffKHH AOCi HaXOAHTbC.ff B nepexoeaHHIO CH· HighKOrO , gexy, Ta € B HbOMY Ayme giKaBi MicgH, 1!!0 TOpKaIOTbC.ff ·i o6oe'HBKiB yKpaiHgie, 3 IlOCTaHOB . - . ghoro npHBIAeIO BHXOAHTb, IMO yKparnegh He Mir 6yTH BH6paHHH AO CTapIUHHH gexy, 1!!0 3peIUTOIO 6ye~Ao Maii~e B~IOAH, aAe 3aTe niA 3arpo3010 Kap~ MYCIAH yKpaIHCbKI 1IAeHH gexy XOAHTH Ha npogecu e 1-1aci ceHTa .6omoro TiAa i .a.pyrHx AaTHHChKHx CB.HT. MiIMaH HaIUHX 6yAo TOAi 1IHMaAo Ta e cyAo­BHX aKTax 3 XV. i XVL CT. cTpi1-1aeMo TaKi npi3BHI!!a, HK: · .6apaH, .6o6pHK, .6ipeghKHH, BoAHK, 3axoe111-1, fopoIDKO, KoeaAh, KopHTKO, Ko1-1, Ko1-1aii, K11HeAh, KyH1-1a, Aa6aH:, AiIMHHChKHH, Ma3yp (l!!e AOCi BAep­maAoCH e C.HHogi), MapTHHoe111-1, CHTKO, CKoAy6a, Coea, He1-1aH:, He1-1yAo; oTme gi npiaBHI!!a eKaByIOTb Ha ge, 1!!0 eeAHKe 6yAo 1.JHCAO yKpaiHCbKHX 'Mil!!aH y gHx 1-1acax e C.HHogi.

CTapi· ,a.oKyMeHTH npo noTpe6y 6yAyeaHHH gepKBH B C.HHogi npHHOCHTh HaM giHHY icTopH1-1Hy Bra.a.Ky, 1!!0 l!!e B 1553 p. 6ypMiCTpOM i AaBHHKaMH 6yAH B CHHogi caMi rpeKO·KaTOAHKH -. oTme YKpaiHgi. ToMy e cnHci MiChKHX pa,a.HHX 3 ghoro 1-1acy cTpi-1-1aeMo 6araTo 1IHCTO yKpaiHChKHX npiaBHI!!: BoAHK, Kpaeegh, KyIDHip, Aa6aH:, MacAHK, PoeeHChKHH, Ce­CTpH1IHH, CHTKO, CnHHaAb(?), CTegh, Ta 1IHM niBHiIDi 1-1acH - THM 1.JHCAO ix MeHIUae. AaAbIUe e gHx ,a.o­KyMeHTax1) Haxo,ll.HMO HaIDHX ceAHH: MHxaAh1IYK, KiT 3 Ay6pieKH (piK 1700), 3aAopomHHH, faAHK, fycKa, OcTaIU 3 4epTema, AHHHC, Heopa Bi CTopomie, CTe!Jb 3 Mem116po,ll.,ll..ff, Aa30pHK, nHpgaK, Xattac a HpyciKa - eci 6yAH aeiAbH~Hi ei,a. ,a.aHHH, MaAH

1) 8.11. KyxapcKi: Dokumenty z Ziemi Sanockiej. CJ1eiK 1908.

97

p03.l\Ori .l\aHH, Bi.l\bHHH BHpy6 .l\ICa Ha 6y AOBY i Ha 011a.I\ Ta Bi.l\bHe pH60.l\OBCTBO.

Oo6iq HiMgie, aaxOAH.l\H 11exH e aaxiAHi KapnaTH i Ha ocHoei BO.l\OCKoro Ta HiMeJ!bKoro 11paea oce.l\IOea­.1\HC.ff. 3 TaKoro oce.l\eHJ!.ff yKpaiHJ!.ff a 4ex, (leaHeJ!b - yKp. a 4ex), IeaHJ!.ff - a6o, .HK e Ae.ffKHx niaHi-

lfrxe zap11a JleMKiBCbKQ qepKBQ B Celli MUJIUK, (MyruHaa), a6. 1813 p.

IlIHX A2KepeAax1) leaHqe110.l\.ff, Mae ocHyeaTHC.ff leoHHq.

Ta1rni1 aaqaToK niA 3acHoeaHH.ff ByKiecbKa, fpa6ie­HHJ!i, Mopoxoea, CTpHmoea i TopcbKoro. 3oKpeMa npo yropcbI<i 811.1\HBH 2) BKaays T3K02K 11paBOIIHC, ymH-

') C1rniJ!hKi cyAoai aKTa XVI. 2053. ') XV. fy6ep: Ludwik der I. von Ungarn und die Ungarischen Vassal­

lander (Archiv. fiir osterr. Geschichte LXVI.) 8i4eab. IAiocTPOB8B8 !CToplJI ne .. KiBll!HBH 7

98

eaHHM B cyAOBHX KHHrax 3 XVI CT., Ae iMeHHHKH, • • .. •u • U

3aKIHtieHI R yKpaIHCbKIH MOBI Ha ,,K ' MaIOTb 3a-KiHtieHHH Ha ,,r" - BHcAit10I' - 3aMicgb: BHcAit10K, Bopo6AHI', KopOAHI', npycir, CHHiI', CHHitIOI' - OTOLK

~" . " 'BCIOAH ,,1 - 3aMIC!Jb ,,K. HiMe!JbKe Mii:gaHCTBO M: noAbCbKa, a6o t1ymo3eMHa,

aAe cnoAbigeHa IIIAHXTa, 6yAH opyAAHM Ka3HMHpa B M:oro 3MaraHHHX AO 3aKpinoi:geHHH riP,Cbt<Oro Ha· ceAeHHH AeMKiB Ta AO 3aKpinAeHHH r aAHtIHHH 3a noAbigeIO. BoHH TaKOLK A03BOAHAH MOMY BBaLKaTH, aa6e3net1eHi AOrosopaMH, HK tIHCTY cpopMaAbHiCTb, MOBAHB: ,,H a406ye Pych c~oiMH BAaCHHMH AIOAbMH M: AOpora (Ha YKpaiHy-Pyeb) Mae cAyLKHTH TiAhKH MOiM AIOAHM," a6o ,,HiKOMY He xoqy cnpHHTH, TiAbKH CBOiM AIOAHM, 60 BOHH IlOMaraAH MeHi Ha TaTap • u • " I HHIIIHX BOporIB .

TaKHM CTaH TpHBaB am AO po36opy noAbigi (1793 p.); IgOMHO no po36opi noAbigi, AeMKiBigHHa pa3oM 3 ApyrHMH raAH!JbKHMH 3eMAHMH nepeiiIIIAa niA BAaAy aBCTpiHCbKHX gicapis.

·.,

KOPOAIBCbKI CTPHBIAEl.

Opo TOAinrne 6ea8HXiAHe noAomeHHH ceJ\HHCT8a .A08iAY6MOCH 3 KOpoAi8CbKHX aKTi8 i A80X npH8iAeis KopoAi8 ll\HI'MOHTa III. i BoAOAHCJ\a8a IV., JBO ix ·OAepmaAH MeIIIKaHgi ceJ\a 0ApexosH, 8 CHttillllHHi.

0Apexo8a 6yAa qacTHHOIO KOpoAi8CbKHX Ai6p i ne­peXOAHJ\a 8 Aepmaey CHHiQ.bKHX cTapocTi8. · OiAAaHi · -ce.l\a 0Apex08H MyciAH Il08HHy8aTHCH ycTaJ\eHHM KopoAi8CbKHM AeKpeTaM Ha 80.1\0ChKiM npa8i. 0AHaqe .Aepma8gi 8HMYIIIYBaAH JBOp3a Hoei AaHHHH 8iA ceM1H, 'TOMY 0Apexo8a IIIJ\e 6e3H3CT3HHO CKaprH AO KOpOMI.

D3raTo1) paai8 CKapmHAHC.ff 0Apexi81laHH KopoAe8i

CTenatto8i EaTopoMy, JBO CHHiQ.bKHH cTapocTa, Ka-338 IlHTbOX Ce.l\HH 3 0ApeX08H KHHYTH AO KpHMiH3AY . ·B CHttogi, 60 He xoTiAH 8HKOH3TH HaAemHHX iM po-6iT; MyciAH BHKynHTH ce6e 500 aoAOTHMH, n'HTbOMa eoAaMH i AeCHTbOMa HJ\i8K3MH. KopoAb, JBO nepe6yeae 'TOAi a HenoJ\OMHQ.HX, BHCH.1\36 oKpeMe nHCbMO AO -CT3pOCTH a AaToIO 16 cepnHH 1585 p., npHKaay10q11 rocTpo, JB06 CT3pocT3 fOpili MttiIIIoK, aeepttye He­np38HO aa6paHe CeJ\HHCbKe A06po.

no f0pi10 MttiIIIKY 6epe B Aepmaey CHHighKi 3eMAi, paaoM a 0Apexoeo10, CTaHHCJ\aB DOHHcpaTHH Mfii­IIIOK. Ha Hboro TaKom CKapmaTbCH 0ApexistiaHH, am KopoAb lK11I'MOHT III. oKpeMHM AeKpeTOM a 1603 p. oattatiye 0608 1HaK11 i npaea 021.pexieqaH a KopHCTb

1) n. CyAiw, Przywileje wsi Odrzechowy. C11HiK 1906. 7*

100

Aepmaegie. BiATaK, KopoJ\h iKm'MOHT Ill., BHAa6 Hoei npHBiJ\ei 0Apexoei niA AaTOIO 24. KBiTHJI 1605 p.,. 3BiJ\hHJll01IH ceJ\JIH eiA BHMYlIIYBaHoi po6oTH Ha cpiAh­eapKy e EochKy. AJ\e i ge MaJ\o noMaras, 60 3Hoey 28. 6epe3HJI 1625 p. KopoJ\b iKHI'MOHT III. lIIJ\e. 3 BaplllaBH AO CJIHiJ!bKoro cTapocTH Cbpattga MHilIIKa HOBe IlHCbMO i Apyre, BLKe IIHCaHe B rocTpillliH

IJ,epKBa B K aMRHqi (P1rnaHiBJMHHa) - npaaHHK riepeHeceHH.11 MoJMiB cs. ci. HHKOJ\aR B Tpasei ( TenAoro MHKOAH).

cpopMi, 3 AH.ff 17 KBiTHJI 1626 p., BH3Ha1-1y101-1H ABOX KOpOAiBCbKHX AeJ\6r'aTiB (eHCJ\aHHHKie), ~IKi MalOTb· Ha Micgi npocJ\iAHTH cnpaey i AOHeCTH KOpOJ\eei. AJ\e BHyTpilIIHe HanpymeHHH B noJ\bf!!i npH KiHgi naHyeaHHH iKHr'MOHTa III., lIIBeACbKa cnpaea, HaiBA TaTap e 1629 p. Ta no1-1aTKH K03aJ!bKHX eoeH, He . . Il03BOJ\H.l\H ' KOpOJ\IBCbKHM BHCJ\aHHHKaM npoe1pHTH Aii:icHe noJ\omeHHJI 0Apexie1-1aH. · .lKm'MoHT Ill. YMH­pae 1632 p. Ta lioro HacJ\iAHH KOM cTae iiorom CHH BoAOAHCJ\aB IV. 3 J!hOro KOpHcTalOTb O,zipexie1-1aH11

101

1 sme 3 AaToIO KpaKis, 1. KBiTHH 1633 p., OAepmy­IDTb HO Bi rrpHBiAei Ha . rrepI'aMiHi, rriATIHCaHi i CTBep­,llmeHi KopoAiBCbKOIO rre1.1aTKOIO BoAOAHCAaea IV.; Ha BOAOCbKHX rrpasax. 0AHa'Ie i ge MaAO IIOMOrAO 0Apexosi. 3 qeprH rrepexo,llHTb eoHa e Aepmaey llIMIXTH,. JMO MellIKae s EochKy, e KoM6opHi, a6o faqoBi. AoxOAHTb AQ Toro, e 1817 p. cyMemHi ceAa: EocbKo, PyAaeKa, CeHbKoea BoAH, CHHie, 3ap11IHH "BHCTaBAHlOTb IIHCbMeHHY IIOCBiAKy, JMO ,,ceAO 0Ape­:xosa BiA AaBHHX BiKiB Mae csoi BAacHi -- 3a CBOlO Kepsa1mg10 KYIIAeHI IIOAH, CBOI BiAhHi rraCOBHJMa,

GanamopiR ToBapucmsa ,,llepe.M11cb1ca FnapxiRJZbna llo.Mi1t• s >I< etecmosi }l(usqi.

<:Bil'.i BiAbHHH Aic, 6e3 ABipcbKJ1X OIIAaT i IIHCbMeHHHX .3i3BOAeHb Ha BHpy6 i 36HpaHHH AiCHHX sriA, ceoi eiAhHi Kop1.1i AO oropomi, 60 BOHH HaXOAHTbC.R Ha ixHix BAaCHHX rpyHTax; - ge Bee roToei BOHH 3iBHa­BaTH B cyAi i rrpHCHrOIO CTBepAHTH, HKJMO 3aHAe KOHel.JHiCTb TaKoro 3i3H3HH.R."

IJJoHHO 3 1848 poKOM (3HeceHHH rraHJ!!,HHH) 3a­I<iH1.JY6TbCH 3MaraHH.R 0,11.pexoeH aa ceoi rrpaea.

MeIIIKaHgi 0ApexoeH MaAH ceo10 rpeKo-KaT. gep-1rny, eci 6yAH rpeKo-KaTOAHKaMH. Tol.IHoro crrucy 1-1aceAeHH 3 17. i 18. CTOAiTT.R HeMae; B~pae,lli B iH-

102

BCHTapi 3 1773 p. aanHCaHO 238 J\IOACH, o6oB.R3aHHX: AO naHI!J,H3H.RHHx po6iT. Mim HHMH HaXOAHTbC.R OAHK LKH.l( 3eAbMaH XaiM lOAa. Bme TOAi cTpi11aeMo B 0Apexoeiii Ta1d npiaBHI!J,a: Eaptta, EapHHK, EpeH­KatJ, Eyp111THH, BepHeii, Boii11aK, AaHbtJaK, Apa11, AHp6aAa, faHyJ\.RK, faHbtJaK, fHaT, r aJ\HK, r aAa, 3a­BiHCbKHH, 3eHtJaK, 3.RTHK, IsaHHIIIHH, Kanpasegh,.

JleMKiBCbKUU Kpaesui'J KOJlO 3azipR. HeAoKiH'leHHH AiM C. C. y 3a.11y211i .

KAHM, KoTe.l\egq, Ko3aK, KopoAb, KychHip, Aa6.RK,. Am<o, AHTOBtJHK, MaAaparn, MaiitJHK, MeAbHHK, MH­J\.RH, MopaiiKo, 0Ai.Rpb, CT1rn11aK, CToHTyc, ffoTitJaK~ CepeAHHCbKHH, CHBHK, CKpo6aAa, CnisaK, CTegm<, Ta6.RK, THMtJHK, CfleAaK, !J.ynpHK, Wypr'oT. !J.i Ha­B?HC:hKa aaxosa.l\HC.R AO Haurnx 11acis, nepemHAH 250> J\ITHI 3MaraHH.R aa XJ\OilCbKY AOJ\IO Ta poapOCJ\HCR Ha CBOiH aeMAi.

norPAHHYHI KAPCTATChKI OCEAI.

B gboMy po3AIAI neperAHHeMo a oKpeMa araAKH B icTopwrnoMy HacaiT AeHHi npo nepmi oceAi. CaMi noAbChKi icTopHKH1

) no.HCHIOIOTh, J!!O BiA CHHY, B ropy, am. AO .m.epe.A Benpy, a ai;tcH AaAeKo Ha niBHitJ 6eaAitJ HaXOAHTbCH yKpaiHCbKHX OCa.<'(, J!!O noacTaAH J!!e aa Bo.AOAHMHpa i :Horo HacAiAHHKiB. YKpaiHCbKHH KH.H3b Bo.AOAHMHp · Be.AHKHH (981) no­urnpHB caoi an.AHBH am. no aaxi.ztHi KapnaTH, AC yKpaiHCbKe HaceHHH LK.HAO AaAeKo aa CHHOM, nocH­raiotJH no TaTpH, B piaHHX cTopoHax. Bpo.m.a:HHi Ta a?pi.zt.AHBi Me.m.Hrip' H ;a nopitIHHH AyHai1g.H ~aceAeHi BIA HenaM.HTHHX qacrn, aanOBHHAHC.H yKpaIHCbKHM HaCeJ\eHH.HM l!!C 6i.AbIIIe B qaci no6yAyBaHH.H . 060-pOHHOro aaMtIHJ!!a (TaM piaHime noacTaB HoaHH CaHq) OKO.Ao 1163 p. Ha cxiA BiA piKH AyHaHgH, B MYIIIHHCbKHX CTOpoHax, .6y.AH B AaBHHHi IIIHpoKi nycTapi-rAymi. Ha gHx caMe nycTHX OKOAH!!!fX 6a­raTo yKpaiHCbKOro HapOAY . noceAHAOC.H, BTIKaIOtJH 3 gac.HHCbKHX aeMe.Ab nepeA HanaAaMH TaTaprn 1 TYT Ha 6e3J\IOAAIO OCCJ\IOBaJ\HCH Ha HiMe!JbKOMY npaai 2).

TaK noacTa./\H cAiAyioqi ceAa: HwKoBa - 1343 p., AHiJpelBKa - 1352 p., MywuHKa - 1356 p., MicTetJKo OpHaBa - 1363 p., (BiA6yAoBaHe no qyMi-Mopoaii1:

1) BagAas A!leKcau.i1ep MageiioscKi, Pierwotne dzieje Polski i Litwy zewnc:trzne i wewnc:trzne. Bapwasa, 1846 cT. 604. ,,Granice Polski, od strony Rusi ...

2) Yp»Aosi aKTa B MywnHi; 0. MuxaHJ\O KpuHHJ!bKHH, napox B Tu!lnqi 3J\8AHB s 1845 p. si4nucu gux aKTis.

104

aapaai s p. 1612 i nepeHaaeaHe Ha Tu11u'I.), HUJ/CllJI. Moxna1.1.1ca -- 1648 p. 3 !JHX oceAb yKpaiHcbKHH oca4HHK MaH4pyeae AaJ\bIIIe Ta Ha nie4eHHho-aaxi4HiM ni4HhKiKIO TaTpie BaJ\OiKHB. oceAi: ll111Rxmosy, Ei11y BoiJy, lf opny BoiJy, Hasoii.osy, Ta Apyri oceAi, l!!O BiHKOM BHnoBHIOIOTb Ta oKpyiKaIOTb CaH4e1111HHy.1

)

AoKaaoM Ha ge ii gi o6cTaBHHH, l!!O giAi ropHcTi npocTopH HaA piK010 AyHaiigeM l!!e B 1359 p. MaAo 6yAH aaceJ\eHi, TOMY oKpeMHMH npHBiAeJIMH npH­Ba6A10BaHo yKpaiHCbKHX oceJ\eHgie, .JIKi aaceJ\IOBaJ\H cKopo gi cTopoHH. BoHH iKHJ\H oKpeMHM, ceospiAHHM ripCbKHM iKHTT.JIM, TBOpHAH CKyn11eHy rpoMaAy, YHH· KaJ\H eaasMHH a AHxaMn-(AsxiTaMH 2

).

') .H. CHrashcKi : Historja Nowego Sl\cza. Ahsis 1901. BayJ1. A. Ma­yeiioacKi: Pierwotne dzieje Polski i Litwy. Bapmasa 1846.

2) A. 3y6pH!JbKHH, .ff ransen smischen der rassinischen

and polnischen 5lation in .ff alisien. Abeie 1849. CT. 21. 8: ,,Der beste Zeuge fur uns

der H . Maciejowski selbst, indem er in seinem oban­gefiihrten Werke S. 37 4 ein fimtlichers, von Murator durch den Druck veroffentlichtes Dokument anfi1hrt. Dieses Dokument beschreibt die Granzen Polens unter MieczysJ'aw dem I. (970-990) vornach das Russinen­Land sich bis Krakau erstreckte: ,,el fines ill,assiae asq. in @racoa" (Krak6w) . Man braucht daher keinem besseren Beweis mehr, dass das Russinen-Land ehe­mals hochst wahrscheinlich die Stadt Krakau selbst in sich fasste . Dass es gegenw!:l.rtig noch bis auf eine Entfernung von 10 und etlichen Meilen von Krakau reicht, beweiset der U mstand, dass in jener Gegend Hundert Tausende Russinen wohnen. Dieser Beleg zur Begriindung unserer Behauptung, ist kein Frag­ment einer unterschobenen, alten Urkunde, sondern liegt vor uns lebendig da. ausgebreitet auf einer Flache von etlichen Hundert Quadrat - Meilen, Buchstaben

105

y Apyrm t.IeTsepnrni xv B., AO MeHIII - 6iAbIII 1435 p. HaXOAHMO AY*e s11pa.atty rpaHHtrny AiHilO YKpaiHCbKoro (PycbKoro) soeaiACTBa siA KpaKiB­CbKoro Ta CyAOMHpcbKoro. 1

)

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<iarauf sind das lebende, russinisch sprechende Volk. Sylben und Worte sind russinische Dorfer, St!Ldte und Gotteshauser. "

DpH Kiegi XV. cT. cTpi'laeMo TaKi oceAi : EepesKa, EapH'I, 6axipeg1>, liAaJKoea, EyKie, ByKiechKO, DSRHKa, EochKO, bHKieyi, BHc.110K, BHcO'laRH, Bo.11R HHlKRR i eHlKRR, Bo.11R CenhKOBa, Ba4ie, BHcJ1.01101<, Aich1<0, Bepesie, '4amHR, fpymiBKa, AoBre, Ao.11HHa, ripKH, .H6J1 0HHWJ, HceeHgR, .HeipHHK, fOpieyi, KiechKe, AyKoBa, Aio6aTiBKa, MaAHRiBKa, Mxaea, Miiicye, Ilo· JlOHHa, none.Jl i, noJlOB!!i, OaeJlHKOMa, PawKoea, PorH, CRei110K, Cyropie AOAimHHH i ropimHHii, fiqea, BoAH!!R, CTpaxOTHRa, CTopozi eeJIHKi Ta MBAi, CHeie, ToproeHchKa, TapeaeKa, 3aroqeee, Da1<owieKa, R AHR, BiAh· xieyi, 3arYTBRh, DpyciK, EoxiBKa, Ay6pieKO, 3a60J1.0Tgi, AHAHR, Ao6pa, 4oMapalK, ,2(y6eyhKO, 4YAHHgi, <PaJ1ei

0

BKO, fAH6oKe, He6eghKO, BeJ1.HKonoJ1.e, fpa6ieHH\!R, TapHoea, Oe.11M1 (fieJ1beR), 0ApexoBa, EapeieoK, Bopo6AHK, fapTa, 2KJ1Hropo4, Yrepgi, fo.JIOARO, rose.J1 i, faAe6KH, lcKpHHff, BiTpHAie, leo&Hq, Ko611J1RHH, fAOM'la, KAHMKieKO, KocTapiegi, Kpacee, KpexiB, Ko­pocTeHKo, KopoAHK, KpeM11Ha, A imea, Ael!Jaea, AiMea, Aio6aToea, AwAqa, MapKiegi, Mopoxie, MoAepieKa, Mearn6piAAll, Hia,Apeyh, HoeociAh!!i, He­eicTKa, 0ApHKiHb, 8iJlbW8RHjlll, OcJ1.aea, no6iAHO, DocTOJliB, 3aripR, Co· JlHHKa, CMi.llbHHK (ae. CMiAhHH!!R), CeMymeea, CiAAHCbKa, Tpen'la, 1ypH­oo.11e, lfopeweie, YAio'i, Bapa, (IJ!unaeyeea) THpRBa CiAhea, (e THpRei 6y.1la KODBJ\bRll COAH) j T. A·

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106 . .

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108

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OieHiqHo-3axi.a,Hy qac1'111-1y C.RHiqq11HH TBOpHAH 3eMAi · 3 oceM1M11: Eaxip, EJZaJJCoBa, Bapa, BeceJZa, (ii np11HaAemHiCTh .a,o CHHi!JhKoi 3eMAi cTBep.a,mye: cy.a,oea 3an11c1<a 3 5 .l\HnH.R 1496 p.), Bo.JZowe (Te­nepiIIIHHH BoAOA3b), I'apma, I'uJJCHe, I'oiJJZe, (Te­nepiIIIui r OA,Ai CK.l\.RpCbKi Ta KauqyghKi), MiCTO· Jl,uHiB, Jl,uHoBeU,b, (Tenepiurne A11HiBCbKe nepe.a,MicT.R), I'JZOiJHe (Tenepiurne r.l\YAHO), l(y6piBKa (Tenep CTap­.lKHHCbKa), J1a6uu,R (g.R oceA.R 3.1\HAaC.R 3 J13.a,e61<aM11),

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BamHa A,.l\.R Hae Ta1<om cy.a,oea 3ra,ll,Ka 3 1 ciqH.ff 1494 p. npo ceAa JlunoBUU/O (TenepilllHHH A11no­eegh Ha.a, Di.l\hqe10, AiaoIO npHTOKOIO BceAKH) i Tu­llRBY pa30M 3 MiCTOM Jl,yKJZeFO, KO.l\H caMe 5l1<ie 3 MeHA3HI'opma, xo.l\MChKHH 1<acTe.1u:rn, npo.a,ae gi ce.l\a 3a 800 yropcbKHX 30.1\0THX 6poniMOBH Ko611-A.RHChKOMY 3 npaeoM RHKyny .a,o 3 AiT. Po.a,11ua Ko-611.1\.RHChKHX BOAOA,i.l\a giAiCTIO .a,i.a,iqHHX Ma€THOCTeH i 1<opoAiBIJ!HH e 06.1\aCTH ropilllHOi B11cAOKH. Tpa 6paT11: 6poHHM, leaH i 5IKie Ko6HA.RHChKi no.a,iAH.l\HCH 25 TpaeH.R 1487 p. B .geif cnoci6, IJ!O 6pomrnoei np11-naA11 .a,i.a,11qHi MaeTHOCTH B ,,EeghKiif 01<py3i:" Ko611-J\.RHH, AparaHOBa, CyAiCTpoea, MaKOBHCbKa, r .l\OHcge, AiIJ!HHH (KoAo f opAH!Jh), nepe.a,MiCT.R AYKAi i no. cMepTH MaTepH AeHKH1 a 3 1<opo.11iBIJ!HH Ta1<021t.

119 .

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120

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121

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122

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(PychKy, HaA C.siHoM) ,,a CHHigbKiii 01<pysi" Ha,11;as

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124

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125

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126

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B qaci csoro no6yTy e Baxopi BoAOAHCAas OniAh­·CbKHH HaAaB 31. rpyAHH 1377 p. AoAOMHpoei BoAo­IIIHHoei I'oiJ.Jze - IlOAe (TenepiIIIHi f aAAi), . JM06 TaM -ocaAHB oceAIO Ha BOAOCbKiM npa.Bi. MicTo TULf.Ul-l noecTaAo JMe 3a qacie Ka3HMHpa BeAHKoro, HK Hi­Me!JhKa KOAbOHiH. · KopOAb ,, 6amaIOqH 36iAhIIIHTH AO­XOAH 3 C.s1Hi!JbKoi oKpyrH", no3BOAHB 14. 6epe3HH 1378 p. EepTO.l\bAOBH TiqttepoBH aacttyeaTH MicTo Ha Mal' Ae6ypcbKiM npaei B Aici HaA piqKoIO EiAoIO {Tenep CTpyr) KOJ\O cTapHHHboro . ceAa Bi.Jzoi" i Ha­AaTH HOMY Ha3BY THJMHH. nHAe!JbKi 3 THpHBH 3a­MiH.HAH onicA.H 3 KH. BoAOAHCJ\aBoM OniAhCbKHM csoi AiAHqHi Ma6THOCTH 3a T11qHH i J(aflLf.y2y. YnpaBHTeAb oC'rporoMCbKoi MHTponoA.ii, KapAi-rnaA AMHTpo, cnH­paI-OqHcH Ha He4aeHi nomepTBOBaHHH KopoAesoi Ma­pii AA.H nepeMHCbKOro enHCKOilCTBa, IlOTBepAHB 5. TpaBHH 1484 p. HaAaHH.H nepeMHCbKHM enHCKOilOM €pHXOM TaMOIIIHiH KaniTyAi AeCHTHHH 3 AattgyTa ta 3j ciA AaH!JYTCbKoi BOJ\OCTH: KpeMHHHgi, B11c0Koi, '~.\b'6irosH, MapKOBH, K' ocHHH, CeTeIIIa, Hosoro Ce­.h'a' · (Tenep npHciAoK .a.o EipKa), A.s1HI'eHroq>y (Tenep :ue·iJrAoMoro) Ta f aH!JJ\bOBH. Llw OCTaHHIO o~eAIO -~~bfyfias OTOH n11.11.egbKHH, AaIOqH 23. .l\HCTOna4a

127

1381 p. f aH3AeBH AHHr'OBH 108 AaHie Aica "B AaH­!!YTChKiH OKpygi" Ha ocaAmeHH.R TaM ce./\a Ha Mar' Ae-6ypcbKiM npaei niA Ha3BOIO Asrnr'eHae. .HK qacTo 6yeaA0, HaAaHa Ha3Ba He yTpHMaJ\ac.R ceJ\o BIA

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128

AiTonHCH npo ttana4 AsnIKa 4opHoro e 1281 p. Ha YKpaiHy-Pycb; AsrnKO 3406ye TOAi ropOA. nepe-. . . . . BOpCbK, BHpI3aB !,!IJ\e HaCeJ\eHHH I, cnaJ\HBllIH MICTO,. eepHyB .l!;OMiB (H . nOH,l!;e Ha3a,l!; BO CBOHCH). ,

PHrnie aa qacie KaaHMHpa BeAHKoro 6ye eamHi­llIHM norpaHHqHHM ·'Ocepe,l!;KOM i, oqeBH.l!;HO, MiCTOM. Ka3HMHp Ha4ae 19 ciqHH 1354 p. leaHOBi naKOCJ\a­BOBi ai CToLKHJ,!! ge M:icTo 3 giAoIO BOJ\OCTIO ,,e YKpa­iHChKili-PycKiH 3eMJ\H," B Memax, HKi MaJ\H aa yKpa­iHCbKHX KHH3iB, ai eciMa BLKe icHyIOqHMH Ta MaH-6yTHiMH ceJ\aMff i BoAHMH, noqHHaIOqH ei4 rpaHH!,!I> CyAOMHpcbKoi aeMAi, ge6TO eiA ce.l\a AoM6poeH, ,,KoTpe HaJ\eLKa.l\o AO CyAOMHpcbKoi aeMAi," am no · ceAo AemaHCbKO, cyMeLKHe a 51pocAaecbKOIO aeMJ\eIO, Ta npaeopyq no Memi aaMKY 4y Aegh; aapaaoM ne­peHic PHrnie 3 giAoIO BOJ\OCTIO Ha Mal' Ae6ypcbKe npaeo. 3 gei rpaMOTH KaaHMHpa AiBHasMocH aapa-30M npo icHoeaHHH eme TOAi ceAa AemaHCbKa Ta npo lioro npHHaAeLKHicTb AO YKpa'iHH·PycH; no cei­AOgTey KoxaHoecbKoro, ge ce.l\o oca_AHB e XIV. e. leaH KycTpa B Kpemoea. CyciAHHH B PHIIIeeoM A10-TOpHLK HaJ\eLKaB ige AO C.s1HiqquHH. noqHH AO BaCHO­eaHHH !,!bOro ceJ\a AaB KH. BoAOAHCJ\aB OniAbCbKHH, HaAaIOqu B CHHogi 24 TpaBHH 1373 p. 51HOBH r o­J\OMY Bi llhecbKa Ta AeHKOBH ai CTIIIeI'oea np1rni­J\eH Ha aacHoeaHHH Ha Mal' Ae6ypcbKiM npaei ceAa A10TopHLKa cepeA Aicie no o6ox 6oKax piK 6a6Hgi Ta BHcJ\oKa e CHHighKiH oKpyai, Ha rpaHHgi CH­HiqqHHH i Cy40MHpJ,!!HHH, MiLK MeLKaMH ciA 4yAgH 3 OAHOfO i neTpaIIIiBKH (TenepiIIIHOi fioI'yxBa.1\H) Ta Hsxo6ma B Apyroro 6oKy.

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129

Ta HoBHH 3MHropoA, - AO 1358 p., 3aAeHme AO 1357 p., MHTapm (Micharz, Micarz) AO 1357 p., .HcAo AO 1358 p., We6Hi, AeHmaHH, HeHamia, ll\apttiegi, AeM60BC!Jb (Dambovidzal) AO 1358 p., Tapttoeegh AO 1356 p. i MaKOBHChKa AO 1355 p. Opo 3MHropoA MaeMo iye iHTepecHy 6yAAIO laaHa

>KiHKU-HeMKUHi KllR'lamb nepeiJ qepKBOIO. KoManqa, nos. C11niK. (Cl>O'I". JI. <i>WlbKOBCKi),

XXII B • .3 1 6epe.3H.ff 1331 p., .ffKOIO rrarra IIOBBaA.ffS AoMittiKattaM noAbCbKoi rrpoaiHgii BacHyaaTH Ma­HaCTHP B 3MHropoAi, ,,BaMKY IIOAOiKCHiM Ha rrorpa­HHqH KpaKiecbkoi, 6AH.3bKO rpattHgi cxHBMaTH!JbKHX PycHHia, iyo MemyIOTh 6esrrocepeAHO Ba KpaKiBChKOIO Ai6!JC.3i6IO," .3Ha'IHTb, 6yAA.ff .30BclM BHpa.3HO Kame~

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130

igo rpaHH!!R Kpa1dscbKoi .a;is!!eBii si.a: YKpaiHH-PycH lIOKpHBaJ\aCH 3 ,a:epLKaBHOIO rpaHH!,!eIO 00AbJ!!i.

BamHHM .a;oKa3oM, J!!O !,!iJ\HH pH.a; oce.l\b noscTaB -cepe.a: npa.1ticis Ha ,,sHnaciIJeHiM," - BHKopqysaHiM, BHpy6aHiM, BHTepe6.l\eHiM a6o BHila.l\eHiM IlOJ\i, -!!e Ha3BH TaKHX oceJ\b: BHpy6H (Ko.l\o ct>pHIIITaKa), .3apy6KH (K. KoJ\h6ymesH), Kop1IHHa (K. KopocHa), Kop1IOBHCbKa (K. CoKo.l\osa), OnaJ\eHe!,!h, OriaAe­HHCbKa (o6a K. AemaiichKa), Oopy6H (K. Bepe3osa, PHMaHosa, CTpHmosa, THIJHHa), 0HHKH (K. KoJ\b6y­IIIesh)., Tepe6oBHHCbKO, Tepe6ocb (TIIIe6ocb KO.l\O CoKoAosa).

AeHKi Ha3BH oceAb BKaByIOTb npo KO.l\HIIIH6 6a­ra!!TBO Aicosoi BBipHHH B ,a:aHiH OKO.l\H!,!i: BosKH (K. r .l\Orosa), Bosqa BoJ\R (K. CoKOJ\OBa), BosIJaK {2 oceAi K. TH1IHHa), BoJ\KOBHH (K. PHIII~sa), KiBJ\H (K. HichKa), KiBJ\HHe!Jb (K. Bepe3osa), Ko3eJ\OK (K. KoAh6ymesH), KoBHpHH (K. Py,a:HHKa), AHciii KyT {K. THIJHHa), AHcH (K. f.1\oroea), He.a;se,a:cbKa BiAbKa (K. CoKO.l\oea), He.a;ee.a;R (K. PonIJH!,!b), TypaIIIisKa (Tenep TonopiBKa K. Kopoctta), Typs noJ\e (K. Be­pe30Ba), TypHHCbK (Teaep TypHHCbKO K. ByKiBCbKa).

npo. IlO.l\OLKeHHH Ci.I\ i npHCi.l\KiB y cyci,!J.CTBi AiciB 'BKa3yIOTb TaKi Ha3BH: BipoK (K. KopocHa), oyKOBHH .Aic (K. ct>pHIIITaKa), faii (K. PHIIIeea), Ai6poea (K. · .Eepe3oea i PHIIIeea), Ai6posKa (K. AaHb!JyTa), 3a· '6ops (K. CoKO.l\osa), 3arai (K. AemaHCbKa), 3aJ\ic, .3a AicoM, 3aJ\ics · (K. KopocHa), 3anoJ\RHKa (K. Be­pe3osa), AicKH (K. 5IcAa), AicbKO (MicTo), AicoK (K. TH1IHHH), AicKiBKa (K. AHHoea), Maii.a;aH (K. KoAh­·6yIIIeBH i AemaH:cbKa), Oi.a;raii (K. CHHOKa), Oi.a;Aic (K. KopocHa), Oi.a;J\icoK (K. PHIIIeea), Oi.a;J\ics (K. Be­pe3oBa, ct>pHIIITaKa, 5JcAa), noJ\HHa (K. 3MHfOpo,a:a), illoAHHH (MHC!,!OBi, CypoBHIJHi K. AHKAi ii PHMaHoea), floAHHKa (K. KopocHa), THcis Aic (K. HicKa).

131

. EaraTo 3Hoey oceAh ;ticTaAo Hagey ei;t Aicoe11x .Aepee: Eepe3HHa (K. PonqH!Jb ii HcAa), Eepe3HH!JR {K. PonqH!Jb), EepeBieKa .(K. 3MHropo;ta, THt{HHa ii HcAa), Eepe3ie (MicTo), EepecTh (K. fpH6oea), EepecToea r opa (K. KoAh6yweeH), Eyt{HHH (K. Ko­pocHa), Ey1<ie (K. Eepegoea), Ey1<oea (K. HcAa), Ey­Kosegb (K. KoAb6yweeH), EyKoBHHa (K. CeH,11;3iwoea), Ey1<iBCbKO (MicTeqKo i ceAo), fiyqHHH (K. Kopocua), Bep6ieKa (K. P.aweea), BiAhxiegi (K. CHHOKa), f pa6 {K. 3MHropo,11;a), fpa6HHa (npHciAoK EocbKa), fpa-6aHHHa (K. · 3MHropo,11;a), f pa6HHK (K. THt{HHa) f pa-6isHH!JR (K. Eepegoea), AeM6iga (MicTo), AeM6oeegh <K. HcAa), Ay6HHa (K. Eepe3oea), Ay6ie (K . . nepe-1BOpCbKa), KopoJ\iBCbKa Eepega (K. Aem.aHCbKa), AHn­HHK (K. AHHoea), AHnHHH Eip, AHnHH!JR (K. KoAh-6yweeH), AHnoeegh (K. H.'.!AHCbK), AHns (K. fAoroea), AiIMHHH (K. KopocHa, CTpHwoea), 0Ahxoea (K. CeH­A3iwoea), 0Abxoeegh (K. AYKAi), 0AbWHHKH (K. Eepegoea), 0AbWHHKH (K. Sepegoea, COpHwTaKa, .KopocHa, CTpHwoea), OpixieKa (K. Eepe3oea), ni,11;­·6yt1HHa (K. HcAa), niAAHil6, (K. CeH,11;3iwoea), CMe-

. peKoeegh, CMepeqHe (K. AYKAi), Cespqie (K. KoAb.: ·6yweea), CocHHHa, CocHH!Ji (K. COpHwTaKa), CocHie­Ka (K. PRweea), TapuaeKa (K. PHMaHoea) . .

11Hwi Ha3BH 3B.R3aHi 3 npHMiTHBHHM cnoco6oM nepeicHoro Aicoeoro oceAhHH!J.TBa. Po6iTHHKH, igo .3aHMaJOTbC.ff AiCOBHMH npOMHCAaMH {6opTHH!JT~OM, .l\OBaMH, BHTOilJ\IOBaHH.ffM CMOAH), 2K.HJ\H 8 rnaTpax 36y,11;oeaHHX 3 raAy33H, igo geaAHCH 6yiJaMu, a6o ·CGMaUJaMu; gi Ha3BH 38Ht{aHHO nepeXOAHJ\H ei,11;TaK Ha piAbHHt{i oceAi, igo IlOBCTaJ\H Ha !JHX Micg.Rx. TaKHH noqaTOK MaAH oceAi: Ey,11;a (K. KoAb6yweeH i Tapuo6m.era), ByAKH (K. 3MHropo,11;a), · EyAH (K • .Bepegoea), BeHrAieKa (BaHieKa K. KopocHa), BeH­rAicKa (K. AaHb!JYT.a), fyTa (K. AHKAj, 3MHropo,11;a);

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132 . .

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133

IKHH3b PoMaH McT11cAas11q s 1205 p. (611Tsa m.ii: .3as11xocToM), CIOAH KHH3b AaHHAO ow. 1229: p. niA KaAim, CIOAH HllIAH TaTapH KoAaHa niA KpaKiB OK. 1240/41 p., CIOAH _nosepHyscH noxiA KH. AaHH.11.a i BacHAbKa OK. 1243 p. (oceAi BiAa, 3soAH i AaBa, 3raAaHi B OiIHCl !JbOro IIOXOti;y, AemaTb B niBAeHHiH

IIonpao noHuxr.ie Mywwm. (A:oAMHa nonpa11y Ta Ii Jtrneyi)

J\.106AHHJ!!HHi), CIOAH noxi.ii: BypyHAaH 3 BacH.l\bKOM 1259 p. TaKom i niBHimi IIOXOAH KHH3H Absa I. Ta TaTapis 6paAH HanpHM Ha nisHiq siA ycni CHHy. no.l\bCbKi BiHCbKa y noxo4ax Ha YKpaiHy-Pycb, BH-611paAH TOH caMHH lllMIX. A1111Je HeBeAHqKi BiAAiAH, IQ,O iM pa411Je XOAH.1\0 npo Hecno4isaHHH pa6yHKO­BHH Hana.n., nepeKpaAaAHCH qepe3 rycTi AicH Ta no-

134

naAH8lllH i rropyiiHy8a8lllH cyMearni, HaCI<Ol.JeHi OI<O­AHgi, l!HM lll8HAllle 8epTaAH AOMi8. Opo TaKHH Ha­naA yI<paiHCbKoro I<HH3H · BoA04apH PocTHC.l\a8Htia Ha 3axi4 3ra4y6 noAbCbKHH xpoHicT BHHI<eHTHH Ka4Ay6eK ni4 1122 p., 3 AOil08HeHHHM AAyr'ollla; TaKHH i HaCI<01' noAbChI<oro I<opoAH EoAecAa8a CTHA­.l\H8oro qepe3 T. 3B. BopoTa Ha EeA3IgHHY 8 1266 p. Ta Ha6ir A6ll1Ka lfopHoro Ha Oepe8opcbI< 8 1281 p.

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CyP.OMHpCbI<O'i KaCTeAHHii. TyT HaXOAHAHCH gi ,,Bo­poTa" i · ,, HasopoTa", yKpinAeHi 3aciKH, • igo ix He: MOlKHa 6yAo o6iHTH i K0.1\0 !J,HX IIO.l\bCbKi IlOJ\I<H, sep­TaIOl.JH 3 Hana4y Ha EeACbKY 3eMAIO, 19. qep8HH 1266 p. po3rpoMHAH llleapHa, igo nirna8CH 3a HHMH. (VinaT. AiTOIIHC). TenepilllHe ce.l\O nweBpomHe, Ha nisHit.J 8iA PHlllesa, CB06IO Ha3BOIO i rroAomeHHHM 8i4no8iAaAo 6H Ha8opoTaM AiTOIIHCH. Ha icHy8aHHR ti;pyrnx sopiT Aa.l\bllle Ha ni8AeHb Ha KapnaTChKiM

135

ni4rip10 aKa3yIOTb ABi oceA1 3 Ha3BOIO BpoupHKa~ OAHa HaA 51ce.l\KOIO Ha niaHiq BiA ,4yKAi, Apyra Ha niaAeHHHH cxiA aiA .Hc.l\a. ,4aAbIIIe Ha 3axiA y giii caMiH AiHii, 6AH3bKO ycn1 PonH AO BHCllOKH, AemHTb ce.l\O 0IIJHC€KH. 3 AiCOBHMH npociI<aMH 3BH3aHi J!!,e Ha3BH oce.l\b flpyciK {OpyceK, B aKTax 3 XV. a. 3B. flpocceK), Ha niaAeHHHH 3axi4 BiA CHHOKa, i IIpu­cimHUlfR Ha niaHiqHHH cxiA aiA Eepe3oaa. CTpo 060~

j1ywamuHCbKe oaepo.

B.H30K HaCe.l\eHHH 6eperTH, CTOpomHTH AicHi nepe­XOAH npHraAyIOTb oceAi: MicTo CmpuwiB (Strzyz6w HaA BHC.l\OKOM, B AaBHHX rpaMoTax Strezow, Strze­schow ), Ha niBAeHb BiA J!!,OHHO 3raAaHoi 3a6poHH~ Cmpa:J1CiB Ha 3axiA aiA PHIIIesa, Cmpy:J1Ca Ha niaA.-3ax. BiA Y AHHoaa, Crnpy:J1Ce npHciAoK ,ao . ,4eM6Ha npH ycTIO BHcAoi<a AO CHHY Ta BelluKi i Malli Cmopo:J1Ci Ha niaAeHb aiA CHHoKa.

fIAHIJJH3H.HHI YACH TA CTOYATOK llJKIAbHHIJTBA.

3 aKTiB xv: BiKy1) BHAHO, IMO CKpi3b icHyBaJ\a Bme naHIMMHa. MaTepiHAH a AIOCTpagiH: noKaayIOTb, J.!!O po3Mip naHIMHHH npoTRroM XVI. CTOAiTTJI no· CTiHHO apocTaB.

f OBOpR'IH npo naHIMH3HRHi IlOBHHHOCTH, Tpe6a . . . MaTH Ha ysa31 neBHY pl3HH!JIO, IMO ICHysaAa B npaK· -r11gi ciA! HKi 6yAH ocameHi Ha HiMe!JbKiM npaai i Ha BOAOCbKIM.

B . . OCHOBI ycTpOIO CIA, ocameHHX Ha HIMe!JbKlM

• •u • • npaBI, J\eJKaB ycTprn MICT 3 HlMe!JbKHM npaBOM, TiAbKH, IMO aiH TYT 6ys npocTirrrnH:. OcatJ;HHK HiMe!Jb a6o noARK, aanAaTHB neBHY cyMy BAaAi a6o miHoBi Ta aacHoayaaa Ha neaHiM Micgi ceAo. BiH caM ,11,i· cTaBaB npHBiAeH Ha Te, IM06H 6yTH AiAH'IHHM BiHToM y TOMY ceii.i Ta no611paTH 3 iioro, neBHi AOXO,!(H. BiiiTH. cTasaAH Haqe APY~HMH AiAH'l?MH: cTaprrIHHOIO ce.l\a I nocepeAHHKaMH MliK Ce.l\OM I naHOM, t(eKOJ\H TaKOLK i cy,11,AHMH. CeAa, ocameHi Ha HiMe!JhKiM npaai,

1) M. fpyweecbKHil: y ,,f~xepellax tJo icmopil YKpaiH.u-Pjcu" (1895-1910) onyfo.iKyeae MaTepi11.11H, nepexoeyeaei y eapwaecbKHx Ta raJ\H~bKHI apxieax - npo nepeeeAeHHll Toquo'i J\IOcTpagii' KopoAiB!!!llHH e 1565 p. e CauigbKiil: aeM.11i. MaTepi11.11 ai6paeo ee Ti.llbKH npo ce.11a KO­poAiecbKi, a.11e TaKolK i npo npHeaTui Ma6TJ(H, RK!!!O npaea e.11acHHKie gnx M86TKie Ha BO.llOAiBBll HHMH He 6y.11H giAKOM neeei. B J!HX OilHCaX Kopo­.11iBCbKHI MaeTKie, ai6paeo reorpaqiiqei eiAOMOcTi, eKoH0Miquo·rocno4apcbKi, no5yToei, icTOpHqei, aJ\aAJKeHo peecTpH J\IOABOCTH Ta ieeeeTap AOXOAiB; eaara.11i - MaeMo KapTHHY saceAeee11 i rocnoAapcbKOro cTaey, a ro.11oeeo - CTBHY ci.11bCbKOi' .lllOAHOCTH·.

137

TIAaTHAH BAaCHHKoei aeMAi TiAbKH 'llHHIII. AAe eme :8 Apyrili noA08HHi XVI. cToAiTTH gH piaHHgH aa­HHKae.

CeAa 80.1\0CbKOro npa8a icHy8aAH 8 r a.l\H'llHHi, 4pyri yKpaiHCbKi aeMAi gboro He MaAH. !Je npaeo .aaHeceHo a Y ropl!!HHH, a MoAAa8ii Ta CeMHropoAy, .Ae TaKa cpopMa aHaHa 8LKe a KiHgH XII. aiKy. Hali-

IKonocmac y qepKBi. B Hosi/1 Becu, Koll.a Hosozo CaH'la. CeiT.11HB 4p. M. )t3epoeHq,

'CTapIIIa AOKyMeHTa.l\bHa 8ICTKa, npo OCaAy Ha 80-.1\0CbKIM npaei B faAH'llHHi, IlOXOAHTb .3 1378 p. OcaA'llHH (Ha Yropl!!HHi aeaecH ,,KHea") aa ne8HY cyMy rpoIIIeH AiCTaBaB npHBiAeH OCaAHTH ce.l\O i 6yTH 8 HbOMY AiAi'llHHM cTapIIIHHOIO. BiliT AicTaea8 nee­~HH IIIMaTOK I'PY.HTy, OAHY TpeTHHY 1IHHIIIi8, A?HH~ l cyAOBHX AOXOAIB, rrpa80 IIOCTaBHTH M.l\HH, IHOAl 1i1 npaeo Ha neBHY , rraHIJ!HHY ceJurn.

138

npocpecop P. KaHHA.l\b Kame, J!!O iAeSI BOJ\OCbKOfO> npasa Il031i1JeHa y HiMeIJbKOfO npaea. f OJ\OBHa pfaHH-· . ' . . !Pl IlOJ\.HraJ\a B TOMy, J!!O ocaAgI Ha BOJ\OCbKIM npael 6yAH nepeeamHo yKpaiHgi Ta Ma.l\H ceoix ceJ\.HH ,,cy-­AHTH CBOiM yKpaiHCbKHM npaeoM"; i TYT 6yAo HaH-· MeHine BH3HCKIB.

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139·

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140 I

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141

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J42

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143

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144

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145

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') TaKolll npo<!J. AP· B. A6paraM y npayi n. s • .,Powstanie organizacji lacinskiego Kosciola na Rusi." Ahsis, 1904 HaBOAHTb yiaHi Alllepe!la AO TOAillIHHX BiAHOCHH.

') CTo!lbCbKHH y11eHHH, npo<!Jecop CTepeMHC.l\8B ..il;oM6KOBCbKHH sraAy~ s csoi'H npayi 11, s. »Stosunki narodowosciowe ziemi sanock1ej w XV. slu!eciu,« 1!!0 BHHllIOBllIH s KpaKosa sa · cxiA, MOJKHa oo ABOX roAHSax nosiAbSoro opoxoAy AiHTH AO oepilloro J1eMKiBCbKoro ceAa.

3raAY6 TaKOlll, !!JO B xv. CT. iceysa.l\H B TaKHX MicgeBOCTJIX yepKBH: BocbKo (1430), BiAbxisyi (1440), 4o6pa (1433), KocTapisyi (1440), Hoso­ciAh!!i (1441), 0Apexosa (1450), ne.1\.1\11 (1449), Ilo!IOBBa (1488), C11siK (1429), C11Hi110K (1467), THp11sa BOJI OCbKa (1471), THp11sa ciAhHa (1439), llepTelll (1448). 3sosy B THX MicyeBOCTllX, llKi Tenep HaAelllaTb AO 6epe­siscbKOro nosiTy, 6yAH 'IOTHPH yep!<BH: B YAro11i, BoAOllii (BoAoAJK), 3M.iH­BHyi Ta AHAHi. HaiicTapilly siCTKY HaXOAHMO npo yepKBY B Y AIO'li, AO B 1443 p. 6yAH cBlll!JeSSHKaMH .RyKo Ta Isae, AaAi opo yepxsy B BoAollii, Ae B 1444 p. 6ys CBRl!JeBHHKOM KysbMa. 8 yepKsi y 3MiHauyi, Ae Tenep seMa ai cAiAy s yKpai"Hyis, 6ys napoxoM y 1467 p. XseAop, y ..il;Haosi 6ys oapox B 1491 poyi.

158

AHTb AoM6KOBCbKHH - 6yAo rpeKO·KaTOJ\HQ;bKHX pOAHH B 6apwii, 6apTKisgi, BeceAiH, AHAHi, CiAh· HHgi, TeMernosi, - . cboroAHi AeABH qH HaXOAHTbCH scero 50 yKpaiHgis.

Opo HaHcTaprny gepKsy, HKa 3a4epmaAacH IJ!e :H. .ii;o HaIIIHX qacis, o. HiKoposHq 3ra.ii;ye B rneMa· ·TH3Mi nepeMHCbKoi enapxii Ba piK 1879 (cT. 125) ge nosacHAiHHCbKa gepKBa B Y.,•uoqi; 36y.ii;oeaHa B 1510 pogi. 0Tme 6yAa 6H ge HattcTaprna gepKsa Ha Ha-

'tawi: AepesJ111Ha (q, 126) - 8eJ1 HKonoJ1e, CKJIHHa (Ko6aJ1 bT) -PycbKa PonHgll.

(<lloT. J.I. CllaJ\bKOBCKi) .

IIIHX 3axi,ii;Hix oKpaiHax, HKa .ii;oci B Hae 3a.ii;epmaAacH. BaraTo giHHHX .ii;oKyMeHTiB npo gIO gepKey AeLK~T? 3axoBaHHX y nepeMHCbKOMY enHCKODCbKOMY apxlBI. TaM TaKoLK nep~.ii;aHi TPH 6orocAyme6Hi KHHLKKH

...3 xv. CTOJ\iTTH, .HKi HaXOAHJ\HCH B YAlOl.J:CbKiH gepKBi. no.ii;i6Ho, HK O.ii;pexieqa~rn, TaK i B y J\IOqi 36epi­

raIOTbC.H si,ii;nHCH npHBiAeis noAbCbKHx KopoAiB Co· ·6icbKoro 3 1682 p. Ta AerycTa II. 3 1703 p., si.ii;· HOCHO npae Ta 0600' H3KiB Ce.l\HH y J\JOqa AO .ii;epLKaB­_gie i J,!!OAO caMoi gepKBH. 3 !JHX np1rniAeie BHAHO, J!!O BLKe TOAi gepKBa Ta MaHaCTHp icHyBaJ\H B y J\IOqi,

159

60 B HHX Ha,ita6TbC.H icHy10110My BLKe MaHaCTHpesi :aeMJ\IO Ha Te, Ig06H MemKaHgi y J\I011a, B pa:ai 80-po.moro. Harra,ity, MOr.l\H xopoHHTHC.H B !JbOMY Ma­HaCTHpl.

npo ,itpyry, 3 HaHCTapllIHX gepKOB i HaH,itaBHime .l\eMKiBCbKe 6yttiBHA!JTBO, rrpo gepKBY B fatte6Kax, <>. HiKopoBH11 rosopHTb, Igo gH gepKBa 36y,itoBaHa igoH:Ho B 1670 p. (CT. 124.) T OAimm1 AiAH11Ka, KaTepHHa

Cmapwmuil aasiu B qevKsi - s AuapiiiJqi, a 1484 p . nepeKa3 Kame, iyo yeli A3BiH .llHWH.llH B AHApilsyi TaTapH, iyo BTiKa.llH

TJAH 3 yropcbKO.i CTOpoHH. 1

Ha ABBoni naKOAHTbCH nanHc: Finum est hoc opus in honore Dei I88R (1484).

BarroscbKa, rroAiAbCbKa KamTe.l\HHKa, rrociAaI011H giAHH KJ\l011 AOOKOJ\H11Hix Ci.I\ Ta MiCT, nepeMiHHJ\a yKpa­iHCbKi (rpeKO- KaTOJ\H!JbKi) 'gepKBH Ha pHMO- KaTo­AH!JbKi KOCTeAH, a TO B ceAax Baxip, 13Ae6KH, .J\.y6Ha, f AyttHe, Bapa Ta Ha 411HiBCbKOMY rrepeAMicTi ii rre-- -pe,1ta.l\a IX 63YITaM.

B apxisi pHMO-KaTOJ\H!JbKOi errapxii B nepeMHllIAi rrepexosysTbC.H rpaMoTa KaTepHHH BanoBCbKoi 3 23. ci11HH 1593 p., Igo ge B giAOCTH rroTsepA.mys.

0,11;Ho11aCHO HaXOAHMO npo Te, T011Hi 3aIIHCKH B fa· . .

160

paceswia: ,,Annales Ecclessiae Ruthenae" (PitIHHKH YKpaiHCbKoi-PycbKoi !J,epKBH), Ae ai6paHi AHCTH no.AbCbKOro KopoMI iKHrMOHTa III., nHcaHi AO rpeKo­KaT. 6nHCKOiliB.

HK CKaaaHo, sci araAaHi ce.J\a aicTa.AHCH 6ea gep­KOB, a B laAe6Kax, If!OHHO B 1670 pogi CBHif!eHHK, lsaH 3H6apoBHll, KynHB BiA TO~iurnix AiAHtiis aa 400 IlOAbCbKHX 3.AOTHX, no.Ae Ta OAepmas A03BiA Ha 6y­AOB~ gepKBH i AeHKi niAbrH AAH Hei, 3a If!O Mycis. If!OpltIHO IlAaTHTH AaHHHy.

Y Ay6HiH, gepKsa icHysaAa sme s 1593 p. Ta CTOH.Aa Ha TOMY Micgi, Ae Tenep ./\aTHHCbKHH KOCTe.A. CToTiM, HK BanoBCbKa aa6pa.Aa TY gepKsy, napoxiHHH aicTa./\HCH 6ea gepKBH, Ta am s noAOBHHi XVII. siKy no6yAyBa.AH gepKBY B TOMY Micgi, Ae BOHa CTOiTb Tenep. CsHif!~HHK, IsaH 6ypAaI1IeBCbKHH, KYilHB MH Toi . gepKBH B 1702 p. TpOXH no.AH, OAHatie B2Ke B 1703 p . IIIBCAChKi 1) siiicbKa cnaAHAH gepKBY ii 96 xaT, pa30M 3 rocnoAapCbKHMH aa6yAyBaHHHMH.

MocKOBCbKi 3a3ixaHHR iJo yKpaillcbKUX seMellb.

MocKOBif!HHa aacnoKOIBIIIH csoi aneTHTH Ha nis­AHi, AOCTynoM AO 4opHoro ii OaiscbKoro MOpH, KH­ttyAacH Ha nisHi11, If!06 y 6opoTb6i ai lllsegie10 A0-6yTH "BiKHO B Espony" qepe3 siAhHHH AOCTyn AO BaATiHCbKoro Mopa. !J,eii MOCKOBCbKHH BHCTyn niA­CHTHB BCAHKY "niBHitIHY siiiHy"' If!O noqa.J\aCH HanpH­KiHgi 1700 p. MocKsa, noMHpHBIIIHCH 3 TypetitIHHOIO, pillIH.Aa pa3oM a AaHie10 i CaKcoHie10 aaso10saTH co6i . no6epimmH BaATiHcbKoro Mop», paxy10tIH Ha MOAOAiCTb IIIBCACbKoro KopoAH! KapAa XII. ii He-

') Ilpo qacu, waeAChKHx aoee, AoeiAyeMoc11 a ~3 Hapucy /cmopf( YKpai'nu, • npocp. ;J;. /topoweeKa,

161

rriAroToBaHiCTb illsegii AO BiHHH. AAe sme rrepu11 HCBAaqi rrepeKOHaJ\H ix, 1!!0 BOHM rrepeqHCJ\HJ\HCj{. CTpHMYCHBIIIH -AaHcbi<oro i<opoA~ AO MHpa ii poB­rpoMHBIIIH MOCKOBCbKY apMiIO rriA Hapso10 - Ha nisAeHHbOMY 6epeBi <tJiHCbKoi BaTOKH, KapAo XII. 3BepHyB yci ceoi CHJ\H rrpOTH IIOJ\bCbKOrO KOPOJ\j{ AsrycTa. B 1702 p. KapAo poBTOpOJMHB Aa"rycTa ii BaxorrHB BapIIIaey i Kpai<iB. illse,ll;ChKi siiicbKa rrocyeaJ\HCj{ y rro6iAHOMY rroxoAi Ha cxiA eiA KpaKoBa Ta gaxOIIHJ\H TOAi 6araTO OKpaiHHHX yKpaiHCbKHX OCCJ\b. (IJJe CbOrO.ll;Hi onoei.ll;aIOTb, JMO B MHMiHCbKHX llicax Ha rriBACHb eiA ceAa BochKO -- B C.RHillqHHi, . . HaxoAHTbCj{ MoxoM BKpHTI MYPH 1 BBaAHJMa IIIBeA-CbKHX yi<pirrAeHb. - Ha maAb, HeMas Hayi<oeoi poBBiAKH npo gi ,ll;aBHi rraM' j{TKH).

THMqacoM gap OeTpo BHMaraB JMOpaB HOBHX mepTB 3 6oKy YKpaiHH. no po36HTTIO KapAOM As­rycTa, BHraH.R6 iioro B OoAbJMi; illeeAH BaHHM3IOTb Aheie i B 1706 p. rro1<op10s CaKcoHiIO. 3aTpHeo­meHHH MOCKOBCbKHH gap, OeTpo CTj{ra6 yKpa°iHCbKi CHJ\H 3 f aJ\HllHHH Ta HaKaBy6 cpopTH<f>iKagiIO AiHii ,4Hirrpa. BnaAa TpHeora Ha MocKOBJMHHy, rAyxHH IIIYM HeBAOBOJ\eHHj{ rroKOTHB no giAiH Y KpaiHi. CTiAb­KH AiT 6opOTb6H Bi illeeAaMH, ga MOCKOBCbKe "BiKHO B Esporry", cTiAbKH BTpaT y J\IO,ll;j{X i MaHHi ,ll;J\j{ qym01 cnpaBH, npHMYCHJ\O 3,ll;OpOBO ,ziyMaIOqHx, yKpa-

. iHCbKHX naTpioTiB 3acTaHOBHTHCj{ HaA THM, qH ii AaAi iM no AOp03i 3 MOCKaJ\.RMH. 0pH3a,ll;yMaBCj{ Ha,ll; THM rrHTaHHj{M i caM Magerra, yKpaiHCbKHH feTbMaH (1687--1709). BiALKHAa B ceimo10 CHJ\OIO iAej{ yKpaiHCbKO­IllBeAchKOro co103y1 peaAiBoeaHa eme eeJ\HKHM Bor­AaHOM XMeJ\bHHgbKHM.

Ha KopoTKO BAepLKHMOCH eiA AaJ\hIIIHX rrOAIH Ta HaeeAeMo KopoTKO npo reTbMaHa XMeJ\bHH!JhKoro.

noJ\bCbKHH icTOpHK AIOABHK Ky6aJ\H IIHille TaK: h10c1poaaea lc1oph1 .l\eMKie111eeH 11

162

,,EyAa TO J\10,1urna (EorAaH XMeAbHH!JbKHH 1648--1657) 3 KOiKHOro norJ\HAY He3BHqaHHHX po~MlplB, HacTiJ\bKH nepepocTaJ\a AIOAeH HaBiTb BHCOKO 3Ai6-HHX, igo nepexoAHAa Memi 3po3yMiAoro. MomHa npo HbOrO CKa3aTH, igo BpOAHBCH Ha BOAOAapn: YMIB YKPH!H csoi aaMipH, B KpHTHqHHX MOMeHTax He sa­rascH - CKpi3b CHAbHa BOAR i 3aAi3Ha pyKa" ...

,, TepHTopifl iioro BAaAH MaH:me aeiAyciAb MaAa eiAKpHTi rpaHHgi - He poanopflAmas siH, flK KpoM­eeAb, (aHr. MYiK CTaHy 1712) BHIIIKO.l\eHOIO iHTeAi­:r'eHgieio i 3aco6aMH CTapoi i CHJ\bHOi AepmaeH; BiHHa, q>iHaHCH, AepmaeHe rocnoAapcTeo, aAMiHicTpagifl, 3HOCHHH 3 cyciAHHMH AepmaeaMH - ece Tpe6a 6yAo CTBOpHTH i ece AemaJ\o Ha H:oro roJ\oei. Mycie A0-611paTH i eqHTH J\IOAeH, BrJ\HAaTH y HaHApi6HiIIIi n0Apo611gi . . Ta KOAH H:oro eiH:cbKO He BMHpaAo 3 ro­AOAy,, KOAH Mae a6po10, rapMaTH, aMyHigiio, A06pHX 3BiAtrnKiB i apyqHHX areHTiB, KOJ\H He 6paKysaJ\O H:oMy HiKOJ\H rpoIIIeH - TO · ge 6yAa H:oro oco6HcTa• aacAyra" ... · ·

AA» Y KpaiHH reTbMalicTso XMeAbHH!JbKoro eiA­KpHAO i CTBOpHAO Hoey Ao6y icTopii. BiH CTsopHB Hoey YKpaiHCbKY Aepmaay. BiH 3YMis 3'ymHTH AAH 6yAOBH AepmaBH OCTaHKH yKpaiHCbKOi lll.l\HXTH, niA-. . mIB 3 3aHenaAy MIIgaHCTBO, nepeA Ce.l\flHCTBOM BIA-KpHB HaAii HOBoro mHTTH 1). - Y aciH YI(paiHi, am no KapriaTH, cnaAaXHYAO IlOBCTaHHH npOTH no.l\HKiB • .HK IlOBCTaHHH ynaJ\O Ta yKpaiHCbKi K03aKH 3aJ\H­llIHJ\H faJ\HqHHy, 6araTO yqacHHKiB IlOBCTaHHH ycTy­IlH.1\0 pa30M 3 K03a!JbKHM BiHCbKOM i Aa.l\bllle CJ\y­LKHJ\O niA yKpaiHCbKHMH npanopaMH. OcTaJ\HM, 3a yqacTb y noscTaHHJO, IlOJ\bCbKHH KopoAb leaH Ka-

1) 4p. laaH Kp1mHKeaHq y aayKoaiii poirniAyi o . a. "3 icTOpii" fyyyAb­I!!HHH" rrnwe, ~o s 1648 p. rriA Kieeyb AiTa AO faAHqHftH siiiWAH K03B!,!bKi aiiicbKa niA npoaoAOM BorAaHa XMeAbHH!,!bKOro.

163

.3HMHp CKOHq>icKyBaB ix 3eMAi Ta nepeAaB Ha BJ\ac­HiCTb CToMIKaM. I TaK nepexoAPAH HaHKpargi yKpaiH· .ChKi BeMAi yKpaiHCbKHX 60.Hp i ceASJH e ttymi ·PYKH CaH­rynIKie, noTO!!bKHX, lJapTopHHCbKH'x, MopaBCbKH~, :EiAHHCbi<Hx, PocogbKHx, OcTpoecbKHX, BiKTopie ... 1)

EorAaH XMeAhHHJ!bKHH BKa3aB HeBHpo6AeHHM AO· 'Tenep MacaM iiJeall BllOCHOi' . iJepJH;OBU. Oo AOBrltX ·.CTOAiTT.ffX 3a6yTT.ff, BiH, 3HOBY 3po6HB ~kpaiay ro-

CmapUHHilJ. aa.MoK y CxHou,i HM C11HoM. • "

J\OCHOIO CJ\aBHOIO, - yeie ,ii Ha nrnpo1<i XBHJ\i Mi2K-. . . . HapOAHbOI IIOJ\ITHKH, 3pyttHO 3MaraBC.ff 3 MoryTHIMH

• • u u r • .. :CJCIAaMH, Ta JBIHIIIOB y 3HOCHHH MamKe 3 JCIMH

.AepmaeaMH Eapo1111. B iioro ttac11, yKpaiHchKHH Ha-. .. . . p1A 3Hoay 3a2KHB IIOBHHM Hag10HaJ\bHHM 2KHTTHM, ·OCBiAOMHB co6i caoi - BeJ\HKOi earn . 3ae,t\aHH.ff,

. ,.nottye. ce6e HagieIO. ·r?MY XMe.l\bHHtI'IHHY yeamaeMO (' .

· ') -Kc: ' Ai~Ke. 1»Najdawniejsze· akta SqdlI grock1ego w ·San'oku« To1tt XI. , •

11*

164

OAHOIO 3 HaiisaarniIIIH}{ enQX HaIIIOl yKpaiHCbKOi 1cTopu. ,

ApyrHM, He . MeHIIIe : CJ\aBH~M yKpaiHCbKHM reTh­MaHoM - J!!,O iioro ara4yeMo ---:- . cTaB reTbMaH IsaK ,MaBena. .

YKpa"iHa, i · a HeIO sci yKpaiHCbKi aeMAi, HHJ!!,eHa ·H BHCHaLKyBaHa J:!apeM neTpOM, npopy6yJOqJ1 MOCKa­MIM ,,BiKHO B Espony", cKoqysaAacH B · nponacT1> no./\iTHqHoi HeBoAi ii eKOHOMiqHoi pyiHH. ToAi, csi­AOMa aarpo3H yKpaiHCbKa CTapIIIHHa B 1706 p. KJ\H­' qe AO MaaenH, ycTaMH yKpaiHCbKHx noAKOBHHKis. AnocToJ\a ii f opAeHKa: ,,Bci MH, 3a AYIIIY XMeJ\h­HHJ:!bKoro; Sora MOJ\HMO aa Te, J!!,O siH BH3BOJ\HS. ~KpaiHy : ni4 qymoro HpMa, a TBOIO AYIIIY ii Koc~n AITH Hallll KMICTHMYTb, KOJ\H TH 3aJ\HIIIHIII K03aKIB. y TBKiH HeBOJ\i". 1)

Ma3ena nipsas ae'H3KH 3 MocKoeignH010 Ta iior<> ,AepLKaBHHJ:!bKi 3aMipH o6HHJ\H iAeaJ\H BH3BOJ\bHHX aMaraHb YKpaiHH, cHrJ\H HCHHM npoMiHHHM y ,, HaH-4aJ\bIIIe Mai16yTH6. 3aJ\HIIIHJ\HCH no HaIIIi qaCH npa­nopoM i nporpaMOIO yKpaiHCbKoi AepmasHOCTH. ' IM'x lV1.a3enn CTaJ\O CHMBOJ\OM He3aJ\e2KHOCTH i CB060.4H.

CyMHa ;toAH cTpiff'yAa faAnqHHY 3 ii oKpaiHHHMK aeMJ\HMH - a AeMKiBJ!!,HHOIO B XVII.-XVIII. CT. YMOBHHH noAiTHqHoro LKHTTH ocAa6HJ\H J:!iAKOM Mi­q!,aHcTso, AyxoseHcTeo Ta HeHOCHJ\bHHM HpM0.1'4 J\HrJ\H

· Ha IIIHi ceJ\HHCTBa. B KiHJ:!i 1773 poKy faM1qHHa nepeHIIIJ\a niA BJ\aAy AscTpii. 2) BH!!!,i sepcTBH yKpa­iHCbKoro . HapoAy B faJ\HqHHi 6yAH cnOJ\bq!,CHi Ta xoq AYXOBCHCTBO i HapOAHi MaCH, MiJ:!HO AeptKaJ\HCH csoro cxi.IJ;HbOro rpeKO·KaTOJ\HJ;!bKOrO o6pHAY' HK O.IJ;H-. \

1) MHKOAa foAy6eyh, BCAHKa lcTopi11 YKpai'HH, Absis 1935 p. CT. 523. ") Kc. I. CHraHchKi »Historja Nowego Sqcza« T. I. Absis 1901.

cT. 104 nHwe, iyo s 1771 p. siAi6paHo si4 IloAbiyi 275 ciA i 7 MicT H. Caaq, H. Topi', KopocTeHKo, MywHey, THAH·q, OisHiqey i CT. Caeq Ta npH.11yqeHO AO AscTpii'.

165

HOKoro . 3a6opoAa_ nepeA · 3arAaA,010, a.l\e. noMiTHHH · 6ys 3ara.l\bHHH' ynaA,OK Ayxa , Ii 3Hesipa. ·

TaKHH cTaH Tpasas am AO 1848 p. B f'aAHlIHHi OLKHBHAaCH AiH.l\bHiCTb ' IlO.l\bCbKHX peBO.l\IOgioHepis, IJ!O noliaJ\H .nittrOTOBMITH 36poi1He IlOBCTaHHH AMI si;i6yAosH no.l\bCbKoi· A.epmasH. · AscTpiiicbKHH yp.RA, · IJ!06 napaAi3yBaTH AiH.l\bHiCTb peBO.l\IOgioHepis~ CTaB

·.

Ctpe{}u11a qepKsu; IJ.apcbKi sopoma. KoMaHb'la, noa. CeaiK. ( <PoT . .H. <PaAbKOBCKi).

qepe3 csoix ar'eHTiB Ha!JbI<OBysaTH ce.l\HH Ha AiAHt.JiB, i a 1846 pogi a 3axi,ziHiH fa.l\Ht.JHHi, I<O.l\O TapHoBa, IlO.l\bCbKi Ce.l\HHH I<HHY.l\HCH 6HTH i pi3aTH csoix na­His, IJ!O Hi6HTO HIII.l\H npoTH gicapH, igo CTOHB 3a ce.l\HH. AscTpiiichKa a,ziMiuicTpagiH ogiHH.l\a gi Ha- , cTpoi Hapo;iy Ii cnoHyKa.l\a nepesecTH ocTaTOt.JHe <:KacysaHHH naHigHHH, igo i 6yAo nporo.l\01IIeHo na-

1'66 I '

TeHTOM 1.6. KBiTHH 1848 poKy. OcHOBOIO pecpopMm 6ys BHKYII ceMIHCbKHX r'pyHTiB ,4epmaso10, HKiH ce· J\.ffHH MaJ\H CIIJ\a11yaaTH. npo,40B2K 40 AiT, II011HHBI011H 3 1858 poKy, 3a Te i Ai.4H11i 3BiJ\bH.ffJ\H'C.ff Bi.4 YCHKHX: o6os' .ff3KiB IMO AO csoix KOJ\HIIIHix niMaHHX (Kpi­naKis) - 3acTynaTH ix y cyAi, ,40IIOMaraTH B T.ff2KKHJC: BHIIa!\Kax i T. n. BliKYIIJ\eHy 3eM.l\IO IIOAIJ\eHo Ha piAJ\i - 36-42 MOpr'H IIOJ\.ff, B 0,4Hii:i IlO.l\OCi, Bi.ll

Bellu'l.asuli sitJnycm B ce11i KallbllUU,Jl , Ko>.o 6a.rnropoAa, yp11AiKeH11ii Bop. o. T. XoMKOJO Micyes11M napoxoM a ] 935 p.

xaTH 40 Memi APYAOro ce.l\a; niepiAhOK, TpeTHHa, 11eTsepTHHa, CTa.ffHHH ,- sepTaHHH; IMO 3a,4epmaJ\OCH ,4oci B 6iAblllOCTH cy11acHHx AeMKiBCbKHX ceAax. Ta npH nepeBe,4~HHi pecp~pMH. He 6yAo BIIOpH,4KOBaHe . npaBo BOJ\0,41HHH Ha J\ICH I BHnacH, Ta ge BHKJ\H-· KaJ\o Hec1dtt11eHi .IMe i Aoci npogecH i pyiiHysaAo­ceAHH. 3a AiAHtiaMH (i TOAi He 6yAo KOMY o6cTo­.ffTH 3a ceJ\HH !) aaJ\HllleHi npHBiAe'i - npaso npo-niHagii, MOHOIIOJ\b Ha ~Y.42KeHHH-BH1cyp10saHH}I I npo-

167

Aamy ropiAKH Ta 6araTo . HHIIIHX, igo Ha ~oer_i qacH 38.1\HIIIHJ\OCH AiKepeAOM pliKHHX Henop03YM1Hb I cnpa­BeAJ\HBOro He3aAOBOJ\eHHH Ce.l\HHCbKHX Mac.

Ilpo 3HeceHHH naHigHQH ige Aoci ceiA'IaTh ,,xpecTH ceo604H"' igo BHpOCJ\H TOAi Ha ecix ra.l\HQ,bKHX AO­porax i po34opimmsix. (3HaHi no4ii B AichKOMY no­eiTi 3 1932 p. - HK yeo4meHO T. 3B. ,,CBHTO np~gi" - BKa3ye, igo HaceAeHHH He3BH11aHHO 6araTO BH­Tepni.l\o B naHigH3HHHHX 11acax).

Xama (xm11a) 3 ni,1tM:ypieKOJO eiA nepe,1ty Ta s e11cyneRHM 6oi'f!!eM, mepHH!!ll BuJKHIJ.

(.R. Cl>a.11bKOBCKi - B. nawHH!!bKHH, Ha .11eMKiBcbK0·60HKiBCbKOMY npoMelllmi • .J\beie 1935).

nEPEXIA fAAH4HHH ·PA30M

3 AEMKIBI!!HHOIO n14 ABCTPIIO.

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169

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CTOAIA f AAI14YIHI1.

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I caMe niA noKpiageM HaArpaHHqHHX 3aMirnaHb i nattyIOLJ:Oi 3apa~H, aBCTpiHcbKi aiHCbKa 3aHnJ\H Ha npHKa3 gicapn l1ocmpa II. Haiineprne CnHJK, a He3a-6apoM noTiM TaKoJK qacT11Hy HHHilIIHboi CaH,11,eqLJ:HHH. OA~aqe no AOBlIIHX neperoaopax, T~prax, AOKa3ax~ ITOJ\ITHqHHX YKJ\a4ax nepeBeAeHo no,11,1.1\ Kpa10 Ha ABI rr0J\OBHHH: ,,3axiAHIO f aAHLJ:HHy" 3i CTOJ\Hge10 Kpa­KOBOM, i ,,CxiAHIO fa;rnqHtty" 3i CTOJ\Hge10 AhBOBOM. TaKa 3MiHa B yKAaAi rroAiTHqHHx rpaHH!J,b faAHqHHH 3aHrnJ\a B 1846 p. CTi,11, npeTecKTOM - HeAorrycTHTH AO BH6yxy ITOJ\bCbKOro IlOBCTaHHH, 3aHMHJ\H aBCTpiHCbKi siHCbKa B 6epe3Hi 1846 p . MicTo KpaKiB, AscTpiH B nopo3yMiHHIO 3 Pocie10 Ta CTpycaMH cKacysaJ\a KpaKiBCbKY peny6J\HKY Ta gi 3eMAi npHAyqHJ\a AO csoix rrociAocTeH.

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171

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Y faAwrnHi no1111Ha€TbCH .m11e11i1 yKpaiHCbKHH py~. YKpaiHgi nepeAalOTb nepm11i1 MeMopiHA BiAHOCHO npae YKpaiHChKoro HapoAy niA AecTpie10, 3acHo­ey10Tb nepllle IlO./\iTHlJHe TOeapHCTBO ,,r 0.1\0BHY PychKY PaAy" y Abeoei, B TpaeHi 1848 p. BHXOAHTb - . neprne lJHC.1\0 neprnoro yKpalHCbKOI'O IIO.l\ITHlJHOfO 11acon11cy ,,r aAH!JbI<a 3opH." CepeA 3ara./\bHoro niA­HeceHHH nporO./\OillYIOTb J!!Opa3 TO HOBi yKpaiHCbKi HagioHaJ\bHO·KY.l\bTYPHi ii cycniAbHO-noAiT1111Hi AOMa­

raHHH, opraHi3yIOTb nocnirnHo HagioHa./\bHO- KYJ\b­TYPHY Ta cycniAbHO - noAiT1111Hy po6oTy. lJiAy AiHAh­HicTb y giH cnpaei 83.R.l\a B . ceoi PYKH r OJ\OBHa PycbKa PaAa. Botta BHHCHIO€ cnpaey IIOAiAy ra.l\H­lJHHH Mim IllHpOKHMH KpyraMH yKpaiHCbKOfO Hace-

') Isae KpeeeybKHH: Cupaea n0Ai.11y ra.11 eqHH~ B PP· 1846-1850. k eie 1910,

') I. KpeeeJ!bKHii : l!K nonepeAHo cT. 18.

172 '

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IJ,epKBa B 3asatJqi 6i.'IR PaMaeoBa.

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173

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. ·. ,BO~HHHH CTaH, nosaKpHBaH6 TOBapHCTBa, 3AepmaHO BHAaBaHHH qacorrncis. Y KpaKosi sopraH:isosaHo r'y-6epHiJIAbHY KOMici10, Ta Ha OCHOB! ' MiHicTepcbKOrO ' posnop.S1AKY1

) niAAaIOqH riiA ii yhpasy llliCTb sax,i4HbO;. raAH!J,bKHX 3AMiHicTpagiHHHX OKpyris: 6oxeHCbKHH, B8AOBH!J,bKHH, JllIJ!!,iBCbKHH, caHAegbKHH, TapHiBCbKHH, . i .SICeJ\bCbKHH. - ,,!J,e BHKJ\HKaJ\O Mim giAOI9 yKpa­iHCbKOlO J\lOAHiCTlO HeBAOBOJ\eHH.H" - TaK IlHCaB ocTaHHiH MeMopiHA PaAH - KiHqa10qH sa.HBOIO, J!!,O "JKpaittchKHH HapoA ·aiKoA11 ' ae ~ nepecTaHe cTp~MiTH npaBHOlO AOporoIO AO r:JOAiAy Ta .. l\HqHHH, Koliqe' no­Tpi6HOIO AJ\H CilOKOlO Ta nopHAKY gei yKpaiHCbKOi qacTH f 3J\HqHHH". , ,

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174

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Tunu Hace/leHHR JleMtciBW,UHU so ce.11a MH.11HK - HosocaH4eqq1rna.

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1) AeMKiscbKi .itoKyMeHTH i opnrina.11bHi AHCTH. Te'!Ka: Aew1<is1iwea. HayKoae ToaapecTso iM. llleaqe&Ka Absis 1936.

176

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177

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182

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183

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Be.nu<taBa MyposaHa qepKsa B KpuHuqi, a6. 1872 p.

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TaK i M02KHa HaAi.HTHCH, igo HiKoJ\11 He nponaAyTb AJ\H Hae gi TBCpAi npagiBHHKH J\.eMKH-eKHTaAbQ,i !

BKiHgi Tpe6a 3HaTH, igo Ha eMir'pagiIO 3aBciAH BHiAHB J\.eMKO Haii6iAbllle npage3AaTHHH, niAnpH6M­q11BHH, MeTKHH, HaH3AopoBirn11M:, igo He · HaXOA11B AAH ee6e cepeA TyTelllHix YMOBl1H BiAilOBiAHOi npagi, q11 3a MaAo 6yAo iioMy 6aTbKiBCbKOi pi.1\.1\i, igo6 AO· 6HT11CH Kpaigoi AOAi.

CTp11 3HaqHiii a6o giAKOBHTiii noMoqi J\.eMKa·EMi· I'paHTa IlOBeTa.11.H Maiime Bci HOBiigi gepKBH Ha yKpa­iHCbKiH AeMKiBigHHi. f1p11xoAChKi AOMH, lllKOAH, rpo-. . MaACbKl Ta HapOAHI AOMH, qHTaJ\bHl, - see Te 6yAoBaHo 3a rporni J\.eMKa-eMir'paHTa. Aopori gep· KOBHi KHH2KKH, 30J\OTi qarni, nasyKH, esiqHHKH, cpe-

186

J\OHH; xopyrBJ-f' 6e3J\iq BeJ\HKHX A3BOHiB, Ha ,!!BHHTapHX rapm naM.ffTHMKH - xpeCTH, npHAOp02KHl KanJ\HlIKH i xpecTH - ge TaKom npHA6ae AeMKO-eMir'paHT.

187

.l\HIIIe ace npHB03HTb "3apo6AeHe" Ta 3a~rneas Ha 6aTbKiBCbKiH piAAi.

Ha npHKiHgi 3raAa6MO ige, igo cy1.1acHHH AeMKO Ha eMirpagii 6epe J'IaCTb y BCiX yKpaiHCbKHX, Hagio­Ha.l\bHHX CXOAHHax, H<~.l\eLKHO 3' opraHi3oBaHHH B pi3H<1X yKpaIHCbKHX TOBapHCTBax - IlH.l\bHO CTeLKHTb 3a BCiMH no4i}IMH B pi4Hix CTopoHax i ,ltopoLKHTb yKpa­iHCbKHM - · 3i CTaporo Kpa10 - c.l\OBOM.

- Bory AHKyeaTH, LKHBY a.me B AMepHgi 35 po-. . KlB; a.l\e plLKHH!,!H MILK THMH poKaMH TaKa Be.l\HKat HK Aa.l\eKe He6o BiA 3eM.l\i. nepe4 35 poKaMH MR TYT Hi1.10 He Ma.l\H, . Ti.l\bKH OAHH Y~paiHCbKHH Ha­po4Hil1 Co103, i TO Ay.me cAapo 3opraHi3oeaHHH Ta XHTKHH. Cboro.llJii geii Y KpaiHCbKHH Hapo4HiH Co10a . . Ma6 noeepx TPH!,!HTb THC}I1I ' Hag10Ha.l\bHO CBIAOMHX 1.1AeHiB, Ta MaHHO H:oro nepeeHigas TPH i nie MiAbHO­Ha AOM1pie. B MicgeeocTH EAi3a6eT,1) H. Am. nepe4 35 poKaMH MOLKHa 6y.l\o Bcix HaIIIHX .l\IOAeH Il01IHC.l\HTH Ha naAb!J}IX, cborOAHi npag10s TYT noHaA 1IOTHPH THC}I1Ii cei40MHX YKpaiHgie 3 giAoi fa.l\H1IHHH. To;ti TaKo.m He 6yAo B E.l\i3a6eT aHi HaIIIoi gepKBH, aHi IIIKO.l\H, aHi Hapo4HbOro .4oMy, aHi YKpaiHCbKoro nap1<y; Tenep Ma6MO Y1<paiHCbKY rpeKo-KaTO.l\H!,!bKY gep1<ey, y1<paiHCbKY ee.l\111.1aey IIIKO.l\y, YKpaiHCbKHH Hapo4HiH AiM, YKpaiHCbKHH napK, AeB'HTb YI<paiH­CbKHX :SpagTB i ToeapHCTB, Bi44i.I\ OABY., fpoMa­AHHChKi KpymKH, KoMiTeT AeMKiBigHHH. - 04HHM • C.l\OBOM - yce, Ti.l\bKH OXOTH ·40 npagi H TO 6e3 pi3HHgi y ecix 1.JH ge noAOMIK, 1.JH AeMKO 1.JH Apyri YKpaiHgi. - Po6oTH B AMepHgi Ayme c.l\a6i; s HapiA, igo 6i4ys, a.l\e TYT Ma6MO ceoi iHCTHTygii, igo 6i4HiIIIHM a6o 6e3 npagi noMaraIOTb i He AaAYTb 6i4yeaTH ii roA04yeaTH. TymHMO 3a Pi4HiMH CTopoHaMH.

1) 1lacTHHa 11HcTa BacHl\JI .l\.ee'IHKa a E11iaa6eT, H. AlK. TeKa: .AeM­KiBl!!HHa." Aheie 1935.

BI13HA YHI AEMKIBCbKI .415141.

AeMKiBJ!!,irna - e noprnHaHHJO a ApyrHMH yKpa· IHCbKHMH 3CMJ\HMH BH,<'laJ\a 6araTO AYXOBHHX i ceiT­CbKHX AiH'Iie. 1

)

B ceAi EopTHe, KOJ\O r opAHJ!b POAHBCH ToMa llo.11.RHCblCUU, enHcKoa e CTepeMHIIIAi; a KpHHHgi po­AOM M0TponoAHT i1ocu<fJ CeM6pamoBU'I.; a AoAHHHgi K. 2KM0rop0Ay Mumpono.11.um Ce.11.bBecmep CeMgpa­moBU'I.; a MyrnHHKH enHcKon l0.11.iRH lle.11.ew; YI. E. ea11cKon K11p i1oca<jJam Ko4u.!l.OBCbKUU, ypoAmeHegh Csrni'I'IHHH (CTaKornieKa).

CeHJ!!,CHHKH: npocp. Abeie. yHieepcHT. o. Tum MuUJKOBCblCUil, poAOM 3 CTeperpHMKH; peKTOpH AbBie . .a.yxoeHoro ceMHHapa: o. 0. KpuHUl/bKuii, 3 Kp0eoi, o . .Jn. l(puHUl/bKUil, o. Mox1-1a4bKUii Ta o. T . CeM-6pamoBu'I. (Abeie-BiACHb)j KpHAOIIIaHH B CTepeMHlllAi: o. I. MuwKOBCbKUii, o. I. BoiimoBu'I., o. OJTeKcaHiJep 3y6pUlJblCUii; IlO'ICTHHH KpHAOIIIaHHH: 0. I'p. l./upHRB-

• CblCUU - napox Cl>AbOpHHKH, a. JleB ll.J,aBUHCblCUU, napox CaM6opa, o. JleB CeM6pamoBU'I., napox Yep­Tema, o. AHmiH BecTCuiJ, napox e TapHaegi ii AOero­AiTHiii AeKaH, o. B. }/{etecmoBCbKUU - napox Kp0· HHgi, o. I'p. /(onucmRHCbKUii aapox CHiTHHgi.

B11atta'Itti cTapHHHi CB}IJ!!,CHH'Ii po.a.11: EecKHAiB, B11· CAOJ!bKHX, BeHrp0ttoe11qie, f Aa.a.11miecbKHx, fYMegb­KHx, 3y6pHJ!bKHX, AypKoTie, KoHcTaHTHHOBH'Iie, Ko-

· ') Hayqao-A1tTepaTypublii C6opam:"b faJllfyKo-PyccKoii MaTlfyhl, Aheie, 1934.

189

nHCT11HCbKHX, KpHHHJ:!bKHX, MiA11HH11ie, MoxttaJ:!bKHX, 06yIIIKeBH11ie, TapaceeH11ia, IOp11aKeBH11ia i Apyri.

BHatta11'Hi ceiTcbKi nocTaTi: I'ap6epa - KaniTaH po40M a Moxtta11KH; Cm. 3eM6a, coTHHK KaeaAepii a lliA11xToeoi; TaJT.naw, MaHop a Hoeoi BecH; IOJT.i­RH KpuHUl/blCUti r'ettepaA, CeM6pamoBU'-l r'ettepaA i AP·

OpocpecopH yttieepcHTeTy: BucJT.Ol/blCUi1., (BapIII~-

l/umallbHR ,,npocsimu• s ceAi Aa6osa, s KpaMHHgero n. A. BeiiMyKa. CsiTAHB ..!l;p. M . ..!l;seposuq.

aa), BacuJT.b lfepHRBCblCUi1., ao 3AOJ:!bKoro (Absie), E. lfupHRBCblCUi1., a <thbopHHKH (KpaKie), I'JT.aiJu­wiBCblCUi1. (4epHiB!!i).

nMHa3iHHi npocpecopH: BacH.l\b no.l\HHCbKHH (AH­peI<TOp B OepeMHIII.l\i), MuxaH.1\0 no.l\11HCbKHH (Absis), lKer'ecTOBCbKHH (Eoxtt11), DeTpHK a KpHHH!!i (K0Ao­MH11), MaKCHM KpHHHJ:!bKHH a MaJ\aCTosa (CaM6ip),

.HctpH6 3 B~1eosoi (KHie), MHxaHAO KoHCTaHTHHO­·BHq ·(CTaHHCAaBiB).

CyAAi: MoxHa!JbKHH, npeaHAeHT Kpae8oro CYAY y Ahsosi, AyKiHH KpHHH!JbKHH paAHHK i npe3H/J.. cy~y B TepHoHoAi, TeoAop .3y6pH!JbKHH, paAHHK y BiAHi, KopHHAO 3y6pH!JbKHH paAHHK y Ahsoei, fa· 'J!!HH paAHHK, I. . KonHCTHHCbKHH paAHHK B CaM6opi, ,4p. Cfl. CasqaK a Hosoi Bec11 (Ahsie), K. MeHgiH· -CbKHH 3 MaAacToea, paAHHK, A. fyMe!JbKHH CJAAH (ii a/J,BOKaT), ,4p. EM. 3y6pH!JbKHH paAHHK y Ahsoei, .AP· EsreH 3y6pH!JbKHH B YepHiBgHx. ·

AiKapi: 11.p.- ral!!HH, AHpeKTOp AiqHHgi B CTepe· MHIIIAi, AP· KAHMKiBCbKHH, q>i3HK B EaAHropoAi, AP· CHiTHH!JbKHH, AiKap B 3MHropoAi, AP· EM. fAaAH­llliBCbKHH, q>i3HK B TepHoaoAi, AP· MoAeCT fyMegb· KHH, B KopocHi, AP· EsreH XHAHK, IIOAKOBHHK AiKap B XopsaTii; IIOAiTHqHa aAMiHicTpagiH: paAHHK KoH­CTaHTHHOBHq y BiAHi, (Mim.HapoAHe npaso), BoAo­AHMHp KpHHH!JbKHH, iHcaeKTop IIpH aaAi3HHgi, EeHeA. MiiicbKHH, iHLKeHep npH HaMiCHH!JTBi y Absosi, ocHOB· HHK 6ypc11 B HosoMy CaHqi.

3 noMim. cTap1IIHx: Muxail.llo CRHi4bKUi1 a XVI cT. nepeKAaB 3 6oArapcbKOro Ha CAOB 1 HHCbKY MOBY eBaH­reA1€,

llaB.llO 3 KopocHa 3 XV CT. noeT, Muxail.llO Bacu.1zeBU'i 3 CHHoKa, a XVI CT. nepe· . '

·KAaB qQTHpH esaHreAHI Ha raAH!JbKY MOBy, lBaH IIpuc.lloncbKUil 3 XVIII. cT. Han11cas ,,A11-

Typr11KoH CB. loaHa 3oAOToycToro" i ,,l1pMOAO· :ioH", nepeKAas no AeMKiBCbKH ,,CTcaATHp AaBHAa", l T. II.

TuMoifJeil 3 Buco'iaH, a XVIII cT. Han11cas ,,EsaH­reAie yq11TeAbHoe",

Jl,aMiRH JleBU4bKUi1 a Hosoi BecH, aaAHIIIHB ,,C6op­HHK AYXOBHHX CTHXOB H nicHeii"'

191

Cmenan 3 PuxBaJLbiJa 3 XVII CT. Ham1cae ,,Y1m­TeAbHoe eeaHreAie",

Hocwp Hpuna 3 Pa4ogHHH, npocpecop npaea Ha EorocAoe'10 y Abeosi, .

EeHeiJ. MoxHGIJbKUi1 3 EaHugi (3 XVII CT.), AP· Me,lJ,. ocTaeue: ,, Dissertatio inauquralis m~dico-politica de Pharmacopolis",

Muxai1JLo KoncmanmaHOBUl.f 3 fKu4iecbKoro (s 51-ceAbIJ!HHi), Haropo,£J,mem1ii 30./\0THM xpecTOM 3a npu­cAyry e qaci nepexo4y pociHCbKHX eiHcbK qepe3 AeM­Kieigutty Ha Yrpu (1849. p.); Hanucas ,,feHeaAori10 po,11,y OcTpomcbKHx-KoHcTaHTHHOBHtJis",

Muxai1JLO /{pUHUlJblCUU, ,11,yIImaCTHpIOBaB B r aHb­lJOBiH (f opAHlJlJHHa), Hanucae: ,,HcTopuqecKoe COCTO­srnie HaMi>CTHH"lleCTBa MyurnHcKaro; MuurnHa i TH­.1\Hll", (Bi,lJ,eHb 1853),

Onyif;p~i1 l(pUHUl.JbK~ii 3 KpHsoi (f opAHlJlJHHa), pa,ll,HHK. Bl,lJ,3H~lJeHHH g1capcbKHMH op,ll,epaMH 3a ceoi HayKOBI npag1,

BacaJLb l.f.epHRBCbKUi1 3i 3AO!JbKoro, 4ogeHT Abeie­cbK9ro yttieepcHTeTy,

HocuifJ I'oi1HGIJbKai1, 3 YupHoi (f pH6ieigHtta), Ha­nucae ,,XpoHHKY gepKeeii H napoxiii e EepecTi i no./\.RHax"' ,,0 KTHTopax CB. xpaMa B EepecTi i no­J\.RHax",

TeoiJop KypuJLo 3 BHcoeoi, 3aAHIIIHB pyKonHcH: ,, Theo logia pastoralis" i 4pyri, . AnmiH Men4iHCbKUii, 3 ne./\bAi (CHHilJlJHHa) Ha­nucas ,,MaTH MOH 3 CBOiMH CHHaMu" (Abeie 1867),

HocuifJ E. lll,aBUHCbKUii ttanHcas ,,HaqaAo icTopii - Yepeottoi faAH!JbKoi Pycu",

IBaH KoncmanmunoBUl.f 3 KpaMnHoi (5keAblJ!HHa) BH,lJ,aB ,,OnHCaHie HKOH no gepKsax B CTOJ\HlJHiM ropo4i Absosi",

Hocuif; CeM6pamoBUl.f, ypo4~eHHH 8. AHCTona,lJ,a

192

1821 p. p Kp11H11gi, y BiAHi cKiHq11s 3 BiA3HaqeH· H.HM 6orocJ\oBchKi HayKH, B P11Mi AOKTop113ysasc.R:., Ha3HaqeHHH rrpecpeKTOM AyxoaHoro ceMHHapa y AhBO· ei, eiATaK sigepeKTopoM AYXOBHoro ceMHHapa y BiAHi, rrpocpecopoM J\bBiBCbKOrO yHiBepcHTeTy, IlOMiqHHKOM· cycppar'aHOM rrepeMHCbKOro errHCKOna, 18. TpaBHH 1870 p. MHTpOilO.l\HTOM faJ\HqHHH, BHAaB AO yKpa­iHCbKOro AYXOBeHCTBa 6e3.J\iq naCTHpCbKHX J\HCTiB Ta AA.SI HapoAa nacTHpCbKl IlOCJ\aHH.H.

ToMy caMe, 1!!,0 geii Be.l\HKHH rpoMaA.HHHH·MHTpo­noAHT rrepIIIHH 3BepHyB ysary Ha rpi3He IlOJ\OLK.eHHH Ta He6e3rreKy, 1!!,0 aJl.bKOrO.l\b BeJ\HKi crrycTOIIIeHHH q11HHTb cepeA HapOAHIX ceJl..HHCbKHX Mac, fOAHTbCH . . . B KopoTJ1.1 rreperAHHYTH, .HKI 3acJ1.yrH yKparncbKe AY· XOBeHCTBO IlOKJ\aJ\O AJ\.H o6e3AOJ\eHoro HaIIIoro Ha· poAy B 6opOTb6i 3 IIIKIA.l\HBHM ym11aaHH.HM aJ\bKO· rOJ\bHHX HanHT~lB.

/.{yxoBeHcmeo B 6opomb6i a ompye10 - a.flbKOZOJieM.

BiA qacis 3HeceHHH naHl!!,HHH rroqaJ1.11 - .HK rp11611 no AOl!!,i, BHpOCTaTH Ha HaIIIHX 3eMA.HX IIIHHKH H ro­paJl.bHi. 3siJl.bHHBC.H y~paiHCbKHH ~apiA BiA Kpi~agTBa Ta HOBe J\HXO - l!!e npIIIe HanoCIJ\OC.H Ha HaIIII ce.l\a. CAiA graAaTH, J!!O ga naHl!!,H3HHHHX qacia He AaBaJ1.11 . . . CIJ\bCbKOMY Ha~eJ\eHHIO ropIJl.KH aHI .ApyrHX OAYPMa-HIOIOq11x HanoIB, TOMy, 1!!,0 rraHH XOTIJ\H MaTH 3AOpo­BHX i CHJ\bHHX po6iTHHKiB, TBepe3HX i 34aTHHX AO T.HLK.KOi rraHl!!,H3H.HHOi rrpagi.

0aHH Ha r'BaJ\T BKpHBaI01

Tb CiTKOIO KOpllleM .ll;Ofa.ll;H . . . . AO MICT' rOCTHH!!,l - rO.l\OBHIIIII ,ll;OporH Ta LK.H,il.IB HacTaBJl.HIOTb IIIHHKysaTH ropiAKOIO. B caMiH csrnighKiii 3eM.l\i MOLK.Ha 6y.l\o HaqHCJ\HTH COTKH KOpIIIeM rrpH 6HTOMY gicapcbKOMY III.l\.Hxy. Bi4 AicbKa - nonpH lllJ\.HX AO CHHOKa - qepe3 3aripH, - 3 C.aHoKa ,11.0

193

T HpHBH - Ha niBACHb AO PuMaHoBa, BiATa.K qepea Porn Ha npaBo AO KopocHa - Ha AiBo B ropH AO /f,yKAi - AO 51cAHCbK, niAripCbKHM IIIAHXOM AO iKMH­ropoAy, qepea KpaMrIHy, B fopAH1111HHi qepea YcTH PychKe - B HoBocaHAC11lIHHi, B MCHIIIiH Mipi B CTpH­miBJ!!HHi Ta 6i11qHHi 6yAyIOTb BCAHKi aai3AHi KOpIIIMH. l!!e CbOrOAHi IlOAH6aeMO . npH 6HTHX KapnaTCbKHX

,,5opmaK"- iiJiom s po4uqia aJ1.bKoroJ1.iKia. CaiTJ\HB AP· 6. rHaTeauq.

IIIMixax BIA CXOAY Ha aaXIA - 3AOB2K !!1.1\0fO Kap-. . . . . naTCbKOro IllAripH CTap1 B.CAHKI MypoBaHI KOpIIIMHCbKa, f!!O .B HH~ H011YB3.l\H 6aAKH KapnaT~bKHX. MaHApiB: HHKI~, H!<I AOB03HAH 3 IlOAYA~H B.l\aCHI, paHI yropCbK~ OB011I, Cl.l\b Ta ToprysaAH p13HHM rocnoAapCbKHM l npOMHC.l\OBHM A06poM. !Ji npHAOpOLKHi KOpIIIMH Ma.l\H piaHi Ha3BHJ!!a: /f,osra aa 3aripHM, MypoBaH_a Ha

ln100Tposaaa lcTop!" AeMxls1jj: HH 13

194

CHHiqKy, CAina aa BocbKOM, BeaeopiTHH e Porax, flipquea KOJ\O y CTH, f AH60Ka nepeA 5ieipHHKaMH, OiAciHHH e PuMaHoei, BAHxieKa e CHHogi, OiA fpa· 6oM e KopocHi i T. n. AAe ixHEi npH3HaqeHHH 6yAo poanHBaTH B neprniii qep3i AOOKOKffqHEl HaceAeHHH Ta CTHraTH piaHi onAaTH eiA AOi3AiB i nepei3Aie. Oeprni 2KHAH 3axOAHAH B KapnaTCbKi oceAi l!!e e XVI. CT.; ix cnpoeaA2KyeaAH ABOpH, 60 ToprieAIO eea2KaAH HeBiAilOBiAHHM, a6o HenoqecHHM aaH.HTTHM AAH ce­J\51HCbKOrO HaceAeHHH. 0AHaqe cTaAoro ociAKY 2KHAH He MaAH l!!e TOAi B KapnaTax. HapoA oceo6oAtK.e­HHH a KpinagTea 6ye 6eanoMiqHHH,· HeoceiAOMAeHHH; He aHaB, IMO Tpe6a iioMy Tenep aaBOAHTH e ceoiioMy ceAi HOBHH AaA I nopHAOK, Kpal!!e BHXoeyeaTH ceoix AiTeH Ta aaMiC!Jb IlOKOpHCTOByBaTHCH IlOBHOlO oco-6HCTOIO CB060AOIO, HaHillOB co6i poapaAy B niHTH!Ji.

3paay He 6yAo KOMY iioro 6opoHHTH Ta nepecTe· perTH nepeA HOBHM Hel!!aCTHM. IJJoHHO iAeHHe HOee' yKpa"iHCbKe AYXOBeHCTBO Ha qoAi 3 J\bBiBCbKHM MHTpo­IlOJ\HTOM, KapAt-rnaAoM MHxaiiAoM AeBH!JbKHM cTae AO 6opOTb6H 3 niHHCTBOM, B3HBae AO nornHpIOBaHHH TBepeBOCTH Ta aaKAaAae 6pagTea TBepe30CTH npH HarnHx gepKeax. AAe geii neprnHH eiApyx Ayxo· BCHCTBa - xoq He3.effq~HHO KOpH~HHH ~J\H IlJ;>OCTO· J\IOAAH - HaJ\HKaB AIAHqrn, BAaCHHKIB rop1AeHb I BOHH noeeAH HariHKY Ha HalllHX iAeHHHX AyrnnaCTHpie. T oAi BAaAa aa6opoHHAa yKpaiHcbKOMY ceju:geHCTBY . . . nornup10eaTH Ta nonHpaTH AUIAbHICTb npoTH mHHCTBa. I 3acHoeaHi 6pagTea aarn6aIOTb, Ta HapiA TOHe B OTpyHx. 1

)

IJ!oiiHo, HK Ha J\bBiBCb!}OMY MHTpOilOJ\HqoMy npe­CTOAi aacie MHTponoAHTa Ylocmp CeM6paToeuq, ypo­NKCHHH 8. AHCTonaAa 1821. e KpHHHgi Ta ea,11,ae

1) YKpai'.HcbKe IlpoTHaAbKOl'O.llbHe i IlpoTHRiKOTHRRe T-eo .BiApOAJKeH­He" y Abeoei • .,3a TBepeaicTb". I. PaKoecbKHii, Abeie 1934.

195

AO Bcix yKpaiHCbKHX CB.sngeHHKiB ,ll;Ba ,,IlOCJ\aHiH," o.n;Ho ,,Opo ,n;ocToiHCTBO 110.1\osiKa," B HKOMY npe,n;­CTaBHB, ~KHM CTpaIIIl!HM He~aCTH~ ,ll;J\H HaIIIOI~O ~a­po,n;y 6 IllHHCTBO Ta 813BaB BCIX OCBI11eHHX yKpaIH!JIB; B nepIIIy 11epry . CBHigeHHKiB ,ll;O 6opOTb6H 3 !JHM Hapo,n;HiM J\HXOM, a ,n;pyre ,,Opo 6pa!JTBa TBepe30CTH," B HKOMY B3HBa6 CBHigeHHKIB ,n;o 3aKAa,n;aHHH npH !!,epKBax 6pagTB TBepe30CTH, ,n;AH 3rypTyBaHHH i1 ni,n;­..ztepmysaHHH TBepe311x Ta AAH 3'opraiji3osaHoi 6o­poTb6H 3 niHHCTBOM. 3a3HB !JbOfO BeJ\UKOfO: npa· BeAHHKa ii rpoMaAHHHHa BHKAHKaB MoryTHiii : 3pHB rrpoTH niRHCTBa. Bci csi,n;oMi, i.n;eHHi yKpaiHgi nonrn­p1010Tb CJ\OBOM, ,n;iAOM i IlpHMipoM TBepe3iCTb. 0e­peA y TiH npagi se,n;e CBHigeHCTBO jg cnpaBmHiM .anOCTOJ\bCbKHM 3aB3HTTHM: yAaA2KYIOTb OKpeMi "~icii" "Ta 3aCHOBYIOTb i 3aKJ\aAaIOTb 6pagTBa TBepe30CTH no giAiH r aJ\HIJ:HHi. AeMKiBigHHa BKpHBa6TbCH ciTKOIO 6pagTB Tsepe30CTH, AeMKH rypMoIO np11c.s1ra10Tb, igo 6iAbIIIe He 6y AyTb IlHTH ropiAKH, aHi aJ\bKOfO./\b• HHX Hanois; igo samHiIIIe - K02KHHH AeMKO nepeA aHi3AOM ,n;o AMepHKH, 3anp11csmeH11ii, peBHO ,n;o,n;ep­*Y6 npHCHry Ta npH IlOMOIJ:i yKpaiHCbKOro CBHigeH· CTBa, igo B Mipy BeJ\HKOi ./\eMKiBCbKOi eMir'pagii ,ll;O AMepHKH - caMi Ha npoxaHHH, a6o ai3aaHHH eMir'pa­!!,ii, iAYTb a cAiA AO AMepHKH - Ta Tai'd npo,n;oa­myIOTb i,n;eiiHy npag10 3a11aTy B CTapoMy Kpa10. .

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13*

196

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198

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IBaH Bepxpa4b1CUi1, AeMKo, asTop neprnHx .Hay1w­BHX 6oTaHi11HHX npagb,

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Moaecm I'yMelfbKUi1, 3 ToKapHi (EyKis1!!11Ha), noeT I IlHCbMeHHHK,

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BoJIOOUMUp XuJIHJC, cBHI!!eHHK, ypoA. y BeA11Kiii Bepxostti (Hosocatt,ll;e111111tta), ttai16i.11.blllHH .l\eMKis­CbKMH m1caTe.11.b (rAHAH AiKepe.11.a i AiTepaTypa), Memue BH3Ha11tti: <P. JleBUflCbKUil 3 BiAhxisgH (Ko­poctto), JI.. CaB'iGIC 3 Hosoi BecH, BHAaB ,,36ipHHK a,ll;MiH. 3aKoHiB" (AbBiB 1893), ,,HoBHH · AOporoBHK 3aKoH (Absis 1898), KJIHBiJiH AJieKCOBU'i, ypoAmetta B Kpacttiii (Kopoctto) ttanHca.11.a AYiKe giKaBi Ta raptti . . . . . cgeHI11Hl KHH2Ke11KH 1 OilOBI,ll;aHHH A.11.H M0.1\0,ll;I,

B. HBopcbKUil 3 <lhbopHHKH (f p116iB1!!HHa), AOKTOJ> MeA. 11AeH 1<paKiscbKoi AKaAeMii HayK, HanHcas. giHHi HayKoBi Me,ll;H11Hi KHHiKKH,

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199

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200

Ha Ma,1v1pigHHy, BiATaK AO Cf>acTeHay B 3aAbg6ypKy • .3aBAHKH YKpaiHCbKOMY KoMiTeToei y BiAHi, eepTae AO Aheoea 1916 p. Ta TYT Aoci .amBe HK rrpoq>ecop .l\bBiBCbKoro rpeKo-KaTOJl.H!!hKOro AJXOBHoro CeMH· Hapa. HanHcaB 6e3J1.iq HayKOBHX npagh; ea.arnimi:

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.3 rroMim cyirncHHx AeMKie YKpaiHgis LKHBe y AhBoBi: l(p. MapKiHH JJ,aepoaulf, AiKap i CTpe3H.4eHT KaTo­AHghKoi AKgii, CHH Apa OJ1.eKcaH4pa A3epoBHtJ:a, AiKap.a B HoBoMy CaHqi, iH;JIC B. MyiJpaK (,,4HicTep "), JJ,p. lBaH fu;J1Ca (,,KapnaTn1"), /Opiii flOJLJl.HCbKUii (P. C . Y. K.), o. AnmiH KammaHJOK, coBiTHHK, I'pu­zopiii I'aHyJLHK (MapycHH) po40M 30 CHHeea (PH­MaHiBigHHa) IIHChMeHHHK, iHmeHep f BaH 3y6eHKO (,,Kip"), B CaM6opi LKHBe, npoifJ. /aaH <PuJLunl.faK (rAHAH ,,4mepeAa ii AiTepaTypa"), poAOM 3 AimHi (CaHitJ:tJ:HHa). 6araTo MOAOAHX iAeHHHX AeMKiB LKHBe no3a AeMKiBigHHOIO.

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(<PoT . .H. <PaAbKOBCKi).

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Pocifl, IMO Ha npoTfl.3i giAoro 19. siKy HaMaraAacfl nonrnpHTH H .3aKpin11T11 csoi snAHBH Ha BaAKaH­CbKOMY nisocTposi H cyci4bHOMY 6AH.3bKOMY Cxo4i 4aJ\a MopaAbHY if MaTepiflAbHY rriATPHMKY cneprny r epgeroBiHi, a Bi4TaK Cep6ii, 4opHoropi H bo.l\rapii B iXHbOMY IlOBCTaHHIO npOTH TypegbKOro 3aHMaHgfl 1875. 04Haqe, nicAfl neprnoro 3pH:sy, Typ1<11 rro-6HAH Cep6is, -a 60Arapi10 nagmpiKysa.1\11 (rrp116opKy­saAH 8 2KOpCTOKHH cnoci6) TypegbKi BiHCbKa. !Ji HeqysaHi 3HYl!!aHHfl i mopcToKiCTb TypKiB Aa.l\H np11-TOKY AO AHilAbOMaTHqHoro BrAflAY esponeHCbKHX Aepmas, Ta . KOJ\H ge He ysiHqaJ\OCfl ycnixoM, Pocifl Ha cniAKY 3 PyMyHis10, IMO He4asHo BH.3BOJ\HAaCfl 3 TypegbKOi HeBOAi (KpHMCbKa BiHHa 1853-1856) BHnosi.l\'11 siiiHy Typeqq11Hi. Typeqq11Ha noKoHaHa MyciAa 3fOAHTHCfl Ha MHp, 1!!0 iioro ni4rr11caHO B c. CTe<f>aHo. 04Haqe ToMy, IMO · MHposHH AOrosip niA­q11HflB BaAKaHbKi Kpai BHKAIOqHiH BeAHKOAepmae­HOCTi Pocii, B g10 cnpasy BMirnaAHCfl gaxiAHbo-espo­neHcbKi Aepmas11 3 AHrAis10 H AscTpis10 y nposoAi

202

Ta npHMYCHAH PociJO s1.11.11aTH cnpasy KOHI'pecosi .11ep~1rns, IJ!O si.116ysc.R 1878 p. s BepAiHi (cTOAHgi HiMet:ft:fHHH). Ha TOMY KOHI'peci BanaAa yxsaAa, IJ!O Cep6iH, 4opHoropa M: PyMyHi.R cTaJOTb caMOCTiHHHMH AepmasaMH; aeMAi, IJ!O AemaTh Mim ,4yHaeM i BaAKa­HaMH TBOp.RTb BoArapcbKe Ktt.R3iBCTBO, .RKoro KH.R3b yattasaB 3BepxHiCTb cyATaHa. 3 KpaJO Ha IlOAYAHe BiA BaAKattis cTsopetto aeTOHOMit:fH,Y o6AaCTb, a Boctt.R H r epgerosiHa AiCTaAHC.R niA aBCTpiM:CbKY 0Kynagi10 (siM:cbKOBHH 3ap.RA). Poci.R MyciAa BAOBOAHTHC.R Ma­AHMH TepIToprnAbHHMH 3HCKaMH Ha IlOAYAHeBOMY no6epemmi 4opHoro Mop.R. KoHrpec noAarOAHB 6a­raTo neKyt:{HX cnpas Ha BaAKaHCbKOMY nisocTposi, aAe He pilllHB .RK cAiA T. BB. cxiAHhoi 1rnecTii. Botta AHlllMAac.R HenoAaroAmeHa AO csiTosoi aiHHH M: 6yAa OAHOJO 3 roAOBHHX npHt:fHH ii BH6yxy. Bci 6aAKaH­ChKi .11epmas11 cTpeMiAH AO Toro, IJ!06H nolllHPHTH csoi rpaHHgi, B nepllly qepry - IMO M: CAYlllHO iM HaAema./\oc.R - KOlllTOM Typgii, a siATaK OAHa KOlll­TOM Apyroi. BeKHKi esponeM:cbKi AepmasH HaMara­./\HC.R BHKOpHcTaTH gi BiHHH AA.ff csoix Bil./\HBiB Ha CxoAi; Ha BaAKaHi CTHpaAH M: nepexpeIMyBa./\HC.R pi3HI IHTepecH, TOMY M: He AHBo, IMO eKcn.Ab03iJO Toro niAMiH'osaHoro ,,6a./\KaHCbKoro KiTAa" TaK ./\erKo cnpH­t:fHHH.l\H cTpiAH cep6CbKoro 3arosipHHKa B Capaesi.

B 1908 p. Bo./\rapi.R nporoAOCMAac.R He3aAemHMM gicapcTBOM, a 1913 p. Cep6i.R, 4opttoropa M: Eo./\ra­pi.R, 3aK./\JOt:fHBIIJH COJ03, no6H./\H Typet:ft:fHHy, BHnepAH ii 3 EsponH, TaK IMO B pyKax TypKis 3a./\HlllHBC.R TiAhKH BY3bKHM nacoK nisocTposa 3 MicTaMH Kott­cTaHTHHono./\eM i AApi.RHono.l\eM. AAe sme cAiAyJO­qoro poKy Mim COJ03HHKaMH AiHlllJ\O AO BiHHH Ha TAi po3IlOAiAy Ao6yTHX 3eMeAb. Cep6i.R Ta fpe­gi.R no6HAH BoArapiJO, 3a6ipa10t:fH 6iAhlllicTb A06Ht:fi AA.ff ce6e.

203

BiA Toro qacy HaHCH.l\bHiigo10 Aepmaeo10 Ha Ba.1\­KaHCbKOMY nieocTpoei cTa.l\a Cep6iH, HKa cnipaIO'llHCI> Ha Poci10, cTpeMi.l\a AO Toro, igo6H BiAi6paTH AecTpii niBAeHHO-CJ\OB' HHCbKi 3eMAi i1 Ao6yTH e gei1 cnoci6 AOCTyn AO CepeA3eMHoro MOpH. Ao eiHHH 3aMa.l\HM He npHHIII.l\O B 1908 p. a.l\e Ti.l\bKH TOMy, igo PociH

A.11tamopcbKUli I'ypmoK B ce11i Jla6oBa, saAoJKee11ii Bnp. o. CTenaaoM KopeoeolO Ta iioro APYJKHHOIO.

CeiTAHB jl;p. M. 4sepoeHq.

. -He CKIH'llH.l\a CBOIX B06HHHX npHrOTOBaHb, cmp Ha AeHKHH qac BiA.l\0.2KeHO.

Ta KpiM EaAKaHCbKHX 6yAH ige iHIIIi cnpaeH, igo y Be.l\HKiH Mipi cnpH'llHHH.l\H BH6yx ceiToeoi BiHHH. TaKOIO npH'llHHOJO 6ye . MiAiTapH3M ApyrHx eepo­nei:icbKHX .L(epmae, igo 6ye 3BH'llaHHHM HaC.l\iAKOM yeeAeHHH gara.l\bHO 06oe'H3y10qoi eiHcbKOBoi cAyLK-6H Ta TicHo 3 HHM noAy'lleHHH iMnepiHAi3M. IAea

204

"a6pOHHOro MHpy" Myci.l\a npHBeCTH HeB6.l\araHy KO­Het.IHiCTb BiHHH, 60-LK AepmaBH, MaJOqH Be.l\HKi apMi"i, MyciAH BLKHTH ix AMI ceoix giAeH i AMI BHpiwyeaHHH no ceoiH AYM!!i MimHagioHaAbHHX cnopie. · A THX cno­pie i HenopoayMiHb npHHOCHB KOLKHiH .piK 6i.l\b1Ile.

CTepwaaece HiMeqqnHa, l!!,O nic.l\H poarpoMy <PpaH­gii B 1870 p. BHcyHyAaCH Ha qo.l\o eeponeHCbKHX Aepma~, poaeneaAac» TaK cKopo niA .eKoHoMiqH~M Ta IlO.l\lTHqHHM Or.l\.RAOM, l!!,O BKOpOT!,!l aaqaJ\a BlA­qyeaTH TiciioTy B ceoix AepmaBHHX KOpAOHax. BHacAi­AOK HeaeHqaif.Ho eeAHKoro npHpocTy Hace.l\eHH.R, BOHa siA1.1ysaAa noTpe6y HOBHX KOJ\bOHiaagiifHHX Tepeuie, a ge cTa.l\o npHqHHOIO ocAaBAeHoro ,, Drang nach' Osten" (HacTyn lfa cxiA), l!!,06 BHAepTH Pocii BiA­noBiAHi npocTopH. HiMgi cTpeMi.1\11 AO ghoro, l!!,06 Ao6yTH nepesary y ceiToeiH noAiTngi Ta BHCKaTH .SMory 3.1\yqHTH i a' 6AHOqHTH ceoi aaMopCbKi KOJ\bOHii "B OAHY giAiCTh, a l!!,e_ ae.l\HKHH poaei~ HiMegbKOr~ npOMHC.l\Y aacTaB.l\HB IX myKaTH HOBOI, Heaa.l\eLKHOl BiA iHIIlHX AepLKaB AOporH Ha cxiA. 3picT HiMe!,!bKOi AepmaeH He 6ys ua pyKy AHI'Aii, 60 HiMe!!bKa Top­roB.l\H BHilHpa.Aa i'i ai CBiTOBHX pHHKiB, a HiMe!JbKa, JgO apocTa.l\a B ma.l\eHoMy TeMni, aarpomysaAa 'ii naHyBaHHIO Ha MOplO.

<PpaHgi» CTapaAac» aa BCHKY gitty BiAi6paTH Hi­Me1.11.1HHi aarap6aHi iH B 1870 p. aeMAi, AhoTapHHI'i10 Ta AAhaagi10, Ae HaXOAH.l\HC.R BeJ\HKi noKAaAH eyrMI Ta aaAiaHoi PYAH. <PpaHgyabKHH HapiA Ta yp.RA na­.Aaa ma,z\06010 BiAnAarrH aa CeAaH.

Poci», l!!,O ii HaBHBaAH "eeAHKaHoM ua I'J\HHHHHX Horax", npocTopoM Hal16iAbIIla esponeH:cbKa Aepma­sa, npH CBOMY 136 MiJ\bHOHOBOMY HaceJ\eHHIO He Ma.l\a cso6iAHoro AOCTyny AO caiToBHX oKeaHiB. Ha EaATiHcbKOMY Mopi naHyaaAa Waegi» i AaHiH, KAJOq AO YopHoro Mop» AepmaAa B ceoix py1<ax Typeq-

205

tJHHa, a Ha no6epemmHx THxoro 01<eaHy, nic.l\H 1905 p. cTaHy.11.a TBep4010 Horo10 .HnoHiH. CTi4 THCKOM !JHX 30BHiWHHX o6cTaBHH, PociH Myci.11.a cTa­HYTH Ha n.l\HTcpopMi AaBHoi no.11.iTHKH gapH CTeTpa Be.l\HKoro, f!!O Ka3a.l\a iH nQCTaBHTH TpboxpaMeHHHH xpecT Ha CocpiHCbKOMY Co6opi a KoHcTaHTHHonoAi.

/IeM.KiBCbf<i oaRZU B Myaei' ,,AeMKiBigHHa" B C11aogi.

He 6e3 emrney Ha 11 3aKopAOHHIO no.11.iTHKY 6yAo f!!C H: ge, f!!O ycT6 piKH BHCAH Haxo4u.11.ocH a Hi­MC!JbKHx py1<ax.

Ao 3araAbHoi rpH AOCTpo10ea.l\aCH ITa.11.i.a, f!!O cTpe­Mi.l\a AO Toro, f!!06 BHnepTH AacTpi10 3 AApincbKoro MopH Ta 3aHHTH no.11.y4HeBHH THpo.11.h, 3aMew1<aAHH iTa.l\iH:CbKHM HapOAOM . .

206

B KpyroeopoTI THX yc1x cynepetIHHX iHTepecis KpH.11.HCH gapOAKH CBiTOBOI xypTOBHHH, igo npOAOB2K qoTHpbOX JI.IT rnaAi.11.a Ha eeponeHCbKOMY cyxoAOAi, a BiATaK MaHme Ha giAiH 3eMCbKiH Ky.11.i, igo 36yp11.11.a no.11.iTHtIHHH ycTpiii ceiTa ii nomep.11.a 3 · ropoio 14 MiAbHOHiB M0.11.0AHX i 3AOpOBHX .11.IOAeH.

,4JZ.R 28. lf.epBHfl 1914 p.,1) KOAH y Ahsoei siA6y· BaBCH BeJ\H'IaBHH citIOBO-COKiAbCbKHH 3ABHr, po3-Hec.11.acH sicTKa, igo B Capaeei AOKOHaHo aTeHTaTy Ha aBCTpo-yropCbKOfO npeCTOJ\OHacAiAHHKa ct>paHg - Cf>epAHHaHAa i iioro miHKy, - cep6cbKHM garo­eipHHKOM faspi.11.eM OpiHginoM. Ha AeHb 28. qepBH.H npHnaAa.11.H poKOBHHH po3rpoMy cep6CbKHX BiHCbK Ha KocoeoMy Oo.11.i, igo Ha AOBri poKH np1metiaTaB ynaAOK cep6CbKOi Aepmas11, BiAAaIOtIH ii Ha noTa.11.y TypegbKOro Hai3HHKa. !Jeii AeHb BH6pae ct>epAHHaHA Ha rocnrny B EocHiHCbKIH CTOA11gi, Capaeei, KYAH BHixaB, igo6 o6irnTH KOMaHAY' HaA Be.11.HKHMH Ma-

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B neprnili xe11.11.i ,,3Aaea,.11.ocH, igo capaeBCbKHH . . . aTeHTaT, IIIA II0.11.ITHlIHHM or .11..HAOM, 3a.11.HlllHTbC.H em-30AOM 6e3 r.11.116rnoi ear11~'. A.11.e cTaAOC.H HHaKrne. ,,Oo.11.iTHtIHHH BiAeHb, 3i cTap11M gicapeM Ha 1l.OAi, xoq i He 3BopyUIHBC.H capa6BCbKOIO Tpar'6Ai6IO, aAe BHKOpHCTaB ii, .HK rac.11.0, AO OCTaTOtIHoro po3pa­.xyHKY 3 Cep6ieioic.

') M. foAy6eyb: BeAHKa lcTOpill YKpai'eH. Absis 1935 p.

207

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3a6eaneqHBUJH co6i ni,ii;TpHMKY EepAiHy - T06To HiMeqqHHH, B TOMY ,ii;iAi ,,aHm:geHHH Cep6ii, HK rHiaHa

" " u BeAHKopychKOI nponaraH,ii;H - aecTpo-yropcbKHH Ka6iHeT MiHicTpiB piIIIHB Ha aaci4aHHHX B AHHX 7. i 14. AHilHH 1914 p. BHC.l\aTH Cep6ii ceoi AOMaraHHH - JAbTiMaT, B ,ii;ym.e rocTpii:i cpopMi. Cep6in ei4no­eiAa Ha iioro npHMHp101oqe, arOAHRUJHCb Ha sci 40-MaraHHH,, aa BHi~KOM 4onyi:geHHH aBCTpo-yropCbKHX ypn4oegrn 40 CJ\IACTBa.

Ami 25 AHilHH AecTp;H aipeaAa MU1.l\bOMaTHqHi saasMHHH ai Cep6i10 Ta aapHAHAa Mo6iAiaagi10 II. V. i VI. apMii ni4 npoBO,l\OM I'eHepaAa noTbopeKa. AHH 28. AHilHH 1914 p. AecTpo-yropi:gHHa BHnoeiAa Cep-6ii eiiiHy, a B cAiA aa !JHM HiMeqqHHa BHnoeiAa eiiiHy Pocii AHH 1., a <l>paHgii 3. cepnH~. 3a HiMeqqHHOIO eunoeiAa eiiiHy THM KpaSIM i AecTpin. AHr AiH, e6i­pa10qHcb y Tory o6opOH!JH 3HaCH.l\OBaHoi HeBTpaAb· HOCTH EeAbl'ii, KJAH eMaUIHpyea.l\H HiMe!JbKi eiiicbKa, BHnoeiAa HiMeqqHHi eiiiHy AHH 4. cepnHH, a aa He10 23. cepnHH niIII.l\a 51noHiH, i:go ra4aAa aaropHJTH HiMe!JbKi nociAOCTH Ha AaAeKoMy Cxo4i. .

B TOH cnoci6 aanyTa.l\acH eiiiHa, i:go e Hiii cTaHyAo npOTH ce6e 31. 4epm.ae 3 70 Mi.l\bHOHOBOlO apMi6IO. no CTopoHi ocepeAHix Aepmae - AecTpii H Hi­MeqqHHH CTaHyAa TypeqqHHa 11 EoArapiH. Tat<. 3BaHy ,,1<oaAigi10" TeOpHAH: <l>paHgiH, PociH, AHi' Ain, EeAb· riH, Cep6in, 4opHoropa, 51noHiH, haAiH, PyMyHiH, 3.11.yqeHi Aepm.aeH OisH. AMepHKH, KHTaii, f pegiR, CTopTyra.11.in ii aMepHKaHCbKi peny6AHKH. 3 eep<;>neii­CbKHX 4epm.ae HeBTpa.11.bHHMH aa.11.HIIIH.l\HCH Tl.l\bKH WeegiH, Hopeerin, AaHiH, WeaiigapiH, r 0.1\HH.ll;iH ii filllnaHiH.

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208

Ma,£VIHCTBO Henp11rOTOBaHHM - O,ltHaKOBO ni.it pocHi:­CbKHM Ta aecTpili:cbKHM 3aHMaHgeM. Kpyr yKpaiH­CbKHX IlHCbMeHHHKIB Ta eqeHHX, igo rypTyeaBCH ,ltOBKOJ\a yKpaiHCbKOro mypHaJ\ y "CJ\OBO" B neTep-6ypai nocniIIIHBCH 3 H3,ltTO J\bOHJ\bHOlO 3a.ffBOIO, cnpHMOBaHOIO .ito pociHcbKoro ypH.ity; aJ\e ge He BpHTyBaJ\O y KpaiHH nepe.it MOCKOBCbKOlO HariHK010; HaenaKH - eopome HacTaBAeHHH MocKaAie ,ito ecero, igo yKpaiHCbKe, H3HIIIJ\O ceii:i: HaHKpaigHH BHCJ\iB y CJ\OBax pociHCbKOro MiHicTpa BHyTpiIIIHHX cnpae, Ca3aHoea, HKHH 3a.ffBHB, igo ,, Tenep npHHIIIJ\a HaH­Kpaiga nopa, igo611 pa3 Ha ace cKiJiqHTH 3 yKpa· iHCTBOM."

Ha r clAH!JbKiM I'pyHTi He 6paKyeaJ\O nepIIIHX npo-6AecKiB 3p03yMiHHH, igo Ti.l\bKH BnpaeAeHHH ni.it OrJ\H,ltOM HaHKpaigoro BiHCbKOBoro BHIIIKOJ\eHH.ff Ta IlOJ\iTHqHQ BHXOBaHHH 3araJ\ 3MOLKe BHKOpHCTaTH HK­CJ\i.it eary XBHAi. AAe i.iteH 36~oH:Horo q11Hy noAo­HHJ\a cepgH BHKJ\IOqHo M0.1\0,ltl, a CTapIIIe rpoMa­,ltHHCTBO BKJ\IOqHo 3 napAHMeHTapHHMH npe,itCT3BHH­K3MH, 3aHHTe HOBOIO BH6opqo10 pe<J>opMolO, cnpa­BOIO IlO,itiAy f aJ\IfqHHH Ha .itBi aBTOHOMiqHj qaCTHHH - . Ta CTapaHH.ffM 3a OCHOBaHH.ff yKpaIHCbKOro yHrnepcH-TeTy y Abeoei, CTaeHJ\OC.ff ,ito 3a.itYMiB i noq11HaHb MOJ\O,itHx J\IO,iteH: 6ali.ityme i 3 neeHoro po.ita no6AatKAH­eicTIO, ,itHBJ\.ffqHcb Ha ,,!JIO 3a6aey a eoli:Hy," HK Ha HCIIIKi,ltJ\HBY piq,

Ta KOJ\H B 6epe3Hi 1913 p. no ,itOBrHx 3axo,1tax e,itaJ\OC.R epeIIITi 3a.l\OLKHTH y Abeoei CTpiAe!JbKe Toeap11cTeo, MOAo.itb" ropHyAacH ,ito Tisi opraHi3agii gi.l\OlO ,ityIIIeIO, 6aqyq11 MOlKHiCTb nepeee,iteHH.SI B qnH ceoix HaMipie. Ha Kali:3epea.l\b,iti (y Abeoei) ei.it6y­Ba.l\HC.H MaHeBpH Ta BiHCbKOBi snpaBH, M0.1\0,ltb, ne-. . pe,1tyc1M CTy,iteHCbKa, CTapaAaC.R - xoq TeOpHTHqHQ Ha6paTH eiHCbKoeoro 3HaHHH. Ha ni,itqepKHeHH.R 3a-

209

C.l\y~osye cpa~T, igo Mi~iTapHCTH1IHO HaCTpOSHe 6y.l\o TOAlllIHe .l\bBlBCbKe 2KIHO!J,TBO, HKe Ha copoM My-2KCCbKOMY no.l\y, 6i.l\blll BiA Hboro poayMi.l\o KOHe1miCTb 6ossoro BHXOBaHHH; 2KiHO!J,TBO ai6paHe Ha CXOAHHax B AHi 14. rpyAHH 1912 p. s116pa.l\o B11K0Hy101111ii .?KiH01111ii KoMiTeT,. igo Ki.l\hKa pa~H asep'faBcH AO rpoMaAHHCTBa 3 B1A03BOIO, a HaBITb aaK.l\HKaB AO ,,3611paHHH cpoHAY A.l\H o6opoHH npas YKpaiHH." 3 Be.l\HKOIO IlOBaroIO Ta riAHiCTIO yKpaiHCbKe mi­HO!J,TBO niAtiepKHY.l\O, igo BOHO Ha BHIIaAOK BiHHH a Pocie10 3BepTaT11Me HacTpoi Mac s_~i:opoHy Asc~pii? a.l\e .l\Hllle TaK AOBrO ,,HK AOBro 11 lHTepecH 3rIAHl a iHTepecaMH ii HagioHa.l\bHOIO riAHicTIO yKpaiHCbKoro HapoAy." Ta npoTe cTapllle rpoMaAHHCTBO, xo11 HK 3 npH3HpCTBOM CTaBH.l\OCH AO BCHKHX B06HHHX no­IJHHaHb, He aaJ\o2KHJ\o pyK s MOMeHT, KOJ\H cTa.l\o HCHO, igo BiHHa He MHHy11a.

AH» 1. cepnHH 1914 p. noscTae y Absosi fo­.1\0BHa YKpa'iHChKa PaAa - sceyKpaiHCbKHH nap.l\H­MeHT i eK3eKyTHBa, igo B3H.l\a Ha ce6e IlOK.l\HKaHHH AO 2KHTTH Y KpaiHCbKoi Ao6poso.l\btJoi ApMii. OepUia CTpiAegbKa COTHH aoprauiaysa.l\aCH niA npoBOAOM cT. I. 4Mo.l\H ra AHH 5. cepnHH 1914 p. s11pyUIH.l\a AO faie. Ilo iHIIIHX MiCTaX fa.l\HIJHHH IlOBCTa.l\H IlO­BiTOBi geHTpH, IJ!O aaHMa.l\HCH sep6yHKOBOIO aKgieIO. KomuiH nosiToBHH KoMiTeT CK.l\aAaBCH a 'S 11.1\enis i Mas BiMi.I\ 4epsouoro XpecTa. · AAe MO.l\OAiH yKpaiuchKiH cTpi.l\egbKiH apMii AOBe­.1\0Cb Ha K02KHbOMY Kpogi 3MaraTHCH 3 nepenoHaMH, lJ!O ix po6H.l\H BCHKi eoporH yKpa'iHCbKOro J!)yxy. OepeAyciM 60.1\IOIJe AaBaBCH BiAllYTH 6paK BiAilO­BiAHOi a6pyi, MYHAypis Ta rpoUiesHx aaco6is. CTpiAhQ,i . . . . " OAepma.l\H CTap1 ueymHBaHI KplCH ,,BepHAJ\l, a Ha cpiHaHcysaHHH yKpaiHCbKoi A06pos0Ab11oi apMii np11-aHa1111s ascTp. ypHA SO THCHll KopoH, TOAi, HK

J . .,ocTposaea lcTopill fle•xiBll!HBH 14

210

J\bBiBCbKHH MaricTpaT npH3Ha11HB Ha opI'aHi3agiIO IlOJ\bCbKOro J\Ell'iMOHY niBTopa MiAbMOHa aBCTp. KOpOH.

T11M11acoM Ha cxi4HbOMY cppoHTi ABcTpiH nottecAa nep~i HeB4a11i. !Je A03BOJ\HJ\O ,<ta~HiM npoTHBHHKaM yKpalHCbKOro pyxy 3a11aTH HarIHKY Ha ,,pycbKY 3pa4y." A104gi, JMO aarpomeHi cygiJ\bHHM yKpaiHCbKHM pyxoM, non11paJ\H HK Moro npOTHBary MOCKBOCf>iJ\iB i rycTO·llaCTO, JM06 po36HTH 3,<tOpOBHM yKpaiHCbKHM opraHi3M, CTaBaJ\H B ixHiM o6opoHi Ta AaBahH iM aaXHCT' - BHKOpHCTaJ\H Tenep IlOJ\OLKeHHH B geM cnoci6, JMO ,,BiAilOBi,<taJ\bHiCTb aa nepeABOEiHHi 3aTii MOCKBOCf>iJ\iB p03THrHy J\H Ha giJ\HM yKpaiHCbKHM HapiA 6e3 pimHHgi nap'TiMHOi npHHaJ\eLKHOCTH Ta IlOJ\iTHllHHX nepeKoHaHb," 06B11Hyaa11y101111 Moro nepe4 aBcTpiM· CbKHM ypHAOM o umioHamy Ha KOpHCTb Pocii. ,,Bo­porH Harnoro Hapo4y He 3.maxttyJ\HCH nepeA HaM-. . . . . HlKlleMHlJMOIO npOBOKa!JIEilO 1 3 11HCTHM cepgeM l cyMJ\iHHHM CJ\aJ\H COTHi M THCHlli Harnoro HapoAy Ha rn116eH11gi H CTOKpaTb riprni BiA CMepTH MOpahbHi i cpi3H11Hi MYKH no TIOpMax i KOHgeHTpagiMHHX Ta-6opax" (M. foAy6e!!b.)

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PaHKOM 30. cepnHH 1914 p. BHixaAH CTpiAhgi ai AhBOBa AO CTpHH, a AHH 3. BepecHH MocKaAi 3a­HHJ\H AhBiB. Ha paAOJ:Max BHTaB CTpHM YKpaiHcbKe CTpiJ\egTso; CTpHMChKe rpoMaAHHCTBO BHTaJ\O Moro HK HagioHa.l\bHe yKpaiHCbKe BiHChKO, JMO ,,KpicaMH ii 6aI'HeTaMH no11He n11caTH HoBy cTopiHKY lcTopii YKpaiHH. AJ\e CTpHMChKa aBcTpo·yropcbKa BiMChKOBa KOMaHAa Bopomo BiAHecJ\ach AO Y KpaiHCbKoro CTpi­·AegTsa - 06Memy101111 A06pOBO.l\h!,!iB AO nABOX TH­CH11 iHTeAiI'eHTHHX Ta riAHHx ,<tosipH J\IOAeM." HaKa3

211

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3paay TBopHAH CTpiAh!Ji TpH, HeocpopMAeHi siA­AiAH asaHi ,, KypiH.RMH," a.l\e igoH:Ho 7. sepecH.R yTso­peHo 3 ,ll06pOBO.l\bllOi MaCH ,lleC.RTb noxiAHix COTeHb, ·ce6TO ABa i rris KypiH.R.

KoMaHAY I. KypiH.R a COTHHKaMH AiAywKa, Ay­AHHChKoro, fipH.RKa H: EyABHHOBChKoro AopyqeHo Ap. M:HxaH:.l\oai Bo.l\OWHHosi, aABOKaTosi ai Ahsosa.

KoMaHAY II. KypiH.R ai COTHRMH r opyKa, CeMe­HIOKa, EapaHa H EyKillOBaHoro BiAAaHo r pHgesi KoccaKosi a EepemaHigHHH.

BpewTi aas'.RaoK III. KypiH.R a coTHRMH PomaH­KiscbKoro H: BiTOBChKoro BiMaHo Ap. CTerraHosi illyxeBHllesi, aABOKaTosi ai Ahsosa.

B AH.Rx 8-11 sepecH.R 1914 p. samHBC.R niA Abso­BOM Be.l\HKHH 6iH: ascTpo-yropcbKHX BiHCbK 3 M:ocKa­.1\.RMH. KoMaHAa ascTpiH:cbKHX siH:cbK MyciAa BiAcTy­nHTH Ta piWH.l\aC.R 6opoHHTH rriBAH.R MOHapxii rpe-6eHeM KaprraTCbKHX sepxiB. no fa.l\HlJHHi poai.1\.1\.R.l\aC.R rrosiHh MOCKOBCbKHX siHChK, .l\HW TiAhKH OepeMHW.l\b CTO.RB He3,llo6yTHH, MOB. OCTpis Ta s4epmaBC.R rriA rrpoBOAOM I'eH. KycMaHeKa am AO 22. 6epeaH.R 1915 p., BMyweHHH spelllTi BHacAiAOK BHlleprraHH.ff MyHigii . . Ta xapxrn 3,llaTHC.ff, rrpOTHBHHKOBI.

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B 1914 p. YKpaiHgi B fa.l\Ht.IHHi, Ha BAacHiH: wKipi 14*

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CAiAOM 3a ,,AiAYI11Ki8J:.!HMH" 8HpJI1IHAa AH.ff 17. 8epecH.R 1914 p. coTHH Oc11na CeMeH10Ka, J!!O 3a­pa3me 8 Y .tKOJ:.!bKOMY rrpo8aAi Mim CHHKaMH H: BoAo-­caTHM AHR 25. eepeCH.R rrpHH.RJ\a "80I'He8HH xpecT." CoTH.R HllIAa AO 6010 He AHill, 1£0 HeAOCTaTotIHO· OAiTa H: 3.1\e y36poeHa, aAe H: roAOAHa; CTpiAhJ:.!i .tKH­BHAHCb netieHOlO 6yAb6010, .RKOI Ha OAHOI'O 8HilaJ\O am TpH, xoq aBCTpiHCbKi Mar'aaHHH 6yAH rrepen08HeHi 8C.RKHM A06poM. Ta rrpoTe yKpaiHchKe cTpiAeJ:.!T8o,.

213

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Bnp. 0 . 3araiiicbKHH, o. KoaBJ\IOK . TB o. mHA8B. CaiT.11.aa 4P· M. AseposH'I.

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214

napTH3aHCbKO·llmiHoHCbKOi aKgii Ha 3a21.ax BOpom.oi apMii. Xol.J 11J\HH 6yB 11pHMO 6omeBiAbHHH, BLKe AHH '26. BepeCHH p03J\eTiJ\HCH ,,ABa!JHTKaMH" COTBi r opyKa, BiToBCbKoro, EyABHHOBCbKoro, fipHHKa i EapaHa. A.l\e . . . . BLKe KlJ\bKa AHIB II13Hlll1e BHI<a3a.l\OCH, 1!!0 11epeBeAeHH.SI 11Mrny 6 He3AiHCHHMe H CTpiAhgi DOBepHyJ\11 AO KaApH. CTic.l\H Toro po3KHHeHo cTpiAe!JbKi coTHi 110 1100AHHOKHX r'pynax aBcTpiHcbKO'i apMii B KapnaTax. Eoi cTpi.l\e!JbKHX coTeHb niA C11HeBiACbKOM, Ha ropi KAIOlI Ta KoMapHH!JbI<i BBiHtia.l\HCH 6AHCKYlIHMH no-6iAaMH Ta 11 ge He Ma.l\o BDJ\HBY Ha 3ara.l\bHe no­J\OLKeHHH i o6cTaBHHH, cepeA SIKHX HaXOAHJ\OCH cTp1.l\egTBO.

B AHHX 7. i 8. J\HCTOD8A8 CTpi.l\bgi DOA8J\HCH AO <t>eAigiHHTa.l\IO 11 AHHa6epr'y, Ae niC.l\H CTHrHeHHH 110-0AHHOKHX coTeHb 11 11epeopr'aHi3osaHHH ix B rreprn11x AHHX rpyAHH, 11p11Ai.l\eHo KypiHb Wyxes11qa AO 130., a KypiHb KoccaKa AO 129. 6p11r'aAH aBcTpiiicbKHX BiHCbK.

Hal16i.llbll1e repolicbKHM DOAB~ffOM YKpaiHCbKoro CTpiAe!JTBa 6y.l\11 6oi Ba ropy MaKisKy, Ha aoAyAHe siA CKOJ\boro - (SoiiKiBcbKi KapnaT11). Ha 1101IaTKY 6epe3HH 1915 p. nepeBeAeHo gi.1\1111 Aer'ioH, KpiM COTHi r YTKOBCbKOro, B 3a11ac 130. 6pHr'aAH. Eepe3eHb i KBiTeHb MHHY.l\H cnoKiHHO. IJJoHHO KOJ\O 24. KBiTHH HiMgi e11nepA11 MocKaAiB 3 OcTporo Bepxy; BOHH niCJ\H HeBAatIHix c11po6 BiA6HTH BTpatieHi fl03Hgii, noee.l\H HacTyn Ha ropy Ma1<is1<y, 4e CTOHJ\a 130. 6p11r'aAa, 1!!0611 MaTH 3MOry J\erqe Ai6pgTHCH AO Hi­Me!JbKHX CTaHOBHI!!. AJ\H Ao6yTTH MaKiBKH Moc-. . KOBCbKe KOMaHAyBaHHH KHHYJ\O Kl.l\bKa DOJ\KIB Ta 6araTo apTHAepii. AAe po3Max pocilicbKOro HacTyny po36HBCH 06 cTpiAe!JbKY 3a11opy. Kp11eaei 6oi Hlli.l\H B HOili 3 28. Ha 29. KBiTHH, BiATaK 30. KBiTHH, a HaH3aB3HTirn111i 6ili aa MaKiBKY poanoqascH 1. TpasHH. CTicAH KiJ\bKa rOAHHHoi rapMaTHboi niArOTOBKH, py-

215

IIIHJ\H AO HacTyny pociHCbKi He3J\iqHMi 3arOHH, a.l\e MaKiBKH - Hi Toro, Hi cAiAyI-Oqoro AH.ff He Ao6yAH. 3a !!I-0 repOHCbKY o6opoHy' igo KOIIITyBa.l\a yKpa­iHCbKe CTpiAegTBO 42 y6HTHX i 76 paHeHHX, AH.ff 2. TpaBH.ff KOMaHAa 55. AHBi3ii B AeHHbOMY npHKa3i BH­CJ\OBH.l\a Y. C. C. BfIOBHi 3acAyLKeHe npH3HaHH.ff.

BpeIIITi Moc1<aA.HM BAaAOC.H 3axonHTH MaKiBKy, aAe ge He npHHecAo nonpaBH ixHhoro noAomeHH.H, 60 caMe B TOH qac HiMgi, nicA.H AOBrHx i KpHBaBHX 6oiB niA f opAHg.HMH Ii TapHOBOM npopBa.l\H MOCKOB­CbKHH <J>pOHT, a ge 3MYCHJ\O MOCKOBCbI<Y apMiI-O BiA­cTynaTH 6e3 601-0 3 KapnaT. 3' SAHHeHa HiMegbKa apMi.H 3 aBCTpiHcbKOI-0 -- TOMY TaK CHJ\bHO HanHpaAa Ha MOCKOBCbKY apMiI-O, 60 ii HeAOCTaBa.11.o BLKe TOAi BiArIOBiAHHX ponHHX naAbHH:C MaTep~.H.11.iB, 6eH3HHH Ta ApyrHx ponHHX npoAyKTIB, igo IX BLKHBaI-OTb y BOSHHiH TexHigi Ta igo ix Ao6yaa./l.H ro.11.0BHO y niA­HiLKLKH giJrnx 3axiAHix KapnaT - BiA AyHaHg.H - am no EopHcAaa i Aporo6Hq, .H1<igo pocilicbKa Haqa.11.bHa KOMaHAa 6y.l\a TOAi 3HaAa, igo HiMegbKi BOSHHi Ma­IIIHHH Ii AiTaKH He MaI-OTb 3ana.l\bHHX npOAYKTiB, Ta BHAa.l\a npHKa.3 na.l\HTH y BiABOpOTHiH AOpo3i BCi HacpToai IIIH6H, KonaAbHi ponH, 6e3nepeqHo 6araTo CKOpIIIe npHHIIIAO 6H AO giAKOBHTOro po3rpoMy Hi­MegbKHX BiHCbK Ta CKopiIIIoro 3aKiHqeHHH 3aB3.ffTHX 6oia Ha HaIIIHx 3eMAHX. Tpe6a 3Hanf, igo 6araTo BHTepniAa yKpaiHCbKa 3eMJ\.H 3AOBLK giAHX KapnaT; B qaci 6oiB 6e3fl0Ig8AHO HHigeHO MaHHO ciAbCbKOro Hace.11.eHH.H, 6e3 po36opy na.l\eHo giAi ceAa, 3 niMCTH niAria.l\I-OBaAH AHKi MaA.HPH HaIIIi gepKBH Ta rpa6H.11.H 6e36opoHHe Hallie ceAo. BottH eiIIIa.11.H 6e3 CJAY Koro nonaAo, MCTH.11.HCH 3a raHe6tty cnpaay 3 noqaTKiB 20 CT0.11.iTT.ff, K0.11.H TO BOHH XOTi.11.H BiAipsaTHC.ff BiA ABcTpii; igo pociHcbKi eiHcbKa y npH.H3Hi 3 HaceAeH­H.HM fIOMaraI-OTb co6i B3aiMHO i. T. A.

216

B qaci 3aB3.HTHX 6oie 3a AYKA.HHCbKHH nepexiA naAH.l\H rapMaTHiMH cTpiAhHaMH MicTo C.HHiK, a6ypHAH MaHLKe giAHH 3aplllHH, 3ropie ropilllHiH KiHegb ce.l\a 04pexoeoi, cepeAHHa ceAa TapHaBKH, 36ypHAH MicTo PHMaHie, He noigaAH.l\H leoHHtJa, KopocHa. .HK tJ;a­AeKo c.Hra.l\a BOSHHa xypTOBHHa y KapnaTax - TaK Aa.l\eKo He o6iHlll.l\OCH, igo6H 6ea HaHMeHlllOi np11-lJHHH - He TO, igo npOBHHH - He CTaB.l\eHo lllH6e­HHgi H To - CJ?OrOAHi eillla.l\H AIOAeH Ma4.HpH, HiMgi, aaeTpa MocKaAi - i Ha ei4eopoT, naAH.l\H !JepKBH Ta ~iAi ce.l\a. BeHLKaAoc.H,. ig~ giAKOeH;o ~H~rnigaTh Hallll Ce.l\a, He OCTaHe aH1 C.l\lAY 3 tJ;aBHlX Cl.I\ l oce.l\b. AAe po3TopoigeHa MOCKOBChKa apMiH - HK sLKe 3r~AaHO - ni.A f opAH!J.HMH,. y 6e3.l\aAi :HMCKOpllle BTlKa.l\a Ha CXlA, 3HOBY-LK HIMegbKa apMIH He Ma.l\a IlOKHigO qacy Ha !!IO po6oTy, 60-LK BOHa XOTiAa .HK­HaHCKopuie Aa6HTHCH AO EopHc.l\ae' H.

MocKaAi BAepLKa.l\HCH igoHHO B OKO.l\Hgi EoAexosa, Ae 3HOBLKe npHHlll.1\0 AO KpHBaBHX 6oiB. !JiA.l\lO po­ciHCbKHX HacTyniB 6yAo ainxHyTH aBCTpoyropCbKi eiHchKa Ha AaBHi no3Hgii s KapnaTax. AAe KO.l\H HiMgi Ao6yAH CTpHH, MocKaAi MyciAH noAaTHCH Ha cxiA. 4. qepBHH CTpiAhgi nilllAH no6i4HiM noxo40M enepeA, nepeHlll.l\H LKHAatJiBCbKHH i Ka.l\yCbKHH noeiT i KO.l\O 10.tiepBHH cnHHH.l\HC.H 6iAH ceAa BHKTopoea (niA faJ\HlJeM). CowaHi eiHcbKa (HiMeghKi - ascTpiH:­CbKi) BHpiBHlOlOlJH cppOHT' 3aHH.l\H AhBiB. nic.l\H ABO­

THLKHeBoi noaHgiHHOi 6opOTb6H y BHKTopiBCbKOMY Aici, pociHChKi BiHCbKa IlOA3.l\HCH 27. qepBHH y Aa.l\b• lllHH eitJ;sopoT, a AHH 28. qepeHH Y. C. C. aaHH.l\H npacTapHH, KH.HLKHH ropoA, I'aJZU'i. He cnHHHIOlJHCb aapa3 Apyroro AH.fl nilllAH Y. C. CTpiAhgi snepeA, nepeHlll.l\H AHicTep i nicAH 1<opoTKoi cTpitii e ceAi CeMHKiegHx, aaH.H.l\H noaHgii Ha npaeoMy 6epeai fHH­Aoi AHnH. B 6oHx HaA 3oAOTOIO AHno10 Ta CTpH-

217

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Pbc 1919. B <taci mocmpaqii' KOHtjjillOBaHux 00. BaculliRH y HoBoMy Can'li.

CTORTb B.1\isa: Bop o. mHAaH, o. Ka.1\HHegb, n. HaAiR /l;BeposHq, o. naeb­q1UJIHH, o • .J\yj!HK, n. CTaHHC.1\aBa CKi6iHCbKa, o. 3areiiicbKHii, o. Kosu10K. CHARTb 3.1\isa: Bop. o. n. MapTHHIOK, n. 0.1\eHa faA3eBHqesa, EKcge.11eegi11 KHp Boca<PaT KogH.11oec&KHH, Ap. 0 1. eKcaaAep Aaeposliq, n. Bep6wgbKa. CHARTb 3A0.11y, 3.1\iea: Bnp. o. naeJ. O CTyw1<apCbKHH, BorABH faAaeBHq Ta

o. Oey<Ppiii fBAaeeuq, napox Hoeoro Caaqa. CeiT AHB .ll;p. M. AaeposHq.

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218

IIOAi C.l\aBH .l\11lllH.l\OCH 39 B6HTHX, 6iAH 100 paHeHHX, a 6iAbIIIe 100 nona.l\O B IlO.l\OH.

T O.lli CTpiAbgis nepeseAeHo AO CocHosa, AC BOHH nepe6yAH giAy 3HMY AO Tpasm1 1916 p. TyT o6a KypeHi 3Ay11eHo e I. IIOAK Y. C. C. i niAtIHHeHo :Horo 6e3nocepeAHO KOMaHAi AHBi3ii. Oo.l\K AiCTaB Te CaMe o36posHHH, IMO iHIIIi noAKH, cKopocTpiAH, MiHoMeTH, rrixoTHi IIYIIIKH - i CTaB caMOCTiHHOI-0 606801-0 OAH­HHgeI-O 3 B.l\aCHOI-0 KOMaHAOI-0. 3 IIOtiaTKOM TpaBHH rrpH°ixae AO IIO.l\KY HOBHii KOMaHAaHT IlIIO.l\K. aBCTp. apMii AHTiH BapHBOAa.

THMtiacoM HiMgi noee.l\H Ha 3ax0Ai pimyqy ocpeH-3HBY rrpoTH $paHgii ii IIOCOI-03HeHHX 3 HCI-0 Aepmae. !JiAAI-0 HiMC!JbKOi ocpeH3HBH 6yAo po36HTH gaxiAHix npoTHBHHKie, IM06H eiATaK po3npaeHTHCH 3 iHllIHMH. He3BHtiaiiHo KpHeaei :H 3aB3HTi 6oi iiIIIAH 3a cppaH­!!Y3bKY TBepAHHI-O BepAeH. IJJo6H 3aIIIaxyea'l'H HiMgie, AHTaHTa BHMYCH.l\a Ha Pocii noeecTH ocpeH3HBY Ha cxiAHbOMY cppoHTi. EyAa ge ocpeH3HBa r'eHepaAa Epy­ciAoea, AiTOM 1916 p. li giAAI-0 6y.l\o 3aHHTH 3HOB2Ke rro3Hgii 1914 p. AAe ocpeH3HBa AaAa TiAbKH 6amaHi HacAiAKH Ha 6yKOBHHCbKOMY cppoHTi, Ta Ha rriBHOtii, Ae MocKa.l\HM BAa.l\OCH rrpopeaTH aecTpiiicbKHii cppoHT 6iAH AyghKa. EpyciAoB He no6atIHB Abeoea. OcpeH-3HBa EpyciAOBa HaTpanHAa B r a.l\HtIHHi Ha CTpi· AegbKY 3arropy ii 06 Hei, HK Ha MaKiegi, po36HBCH pociHCbKHii po3Max.

He3Bl'f3aiiHo KpHsaei 6oi 6iM1 EepemaH HaA 30-.1\0TOI-O AHno1-0, AHH 2. i 3. ceprrHH Ha ropi AHcoHi, 26. eepeCHH Ha BHCOtIHHi ,4HKi .l\aHH Ta 29. eepecH.R B noTyTopax (Mim EepemaHaMH Ta PoraTHHOM) 3HOB-. . . ' . me BKpHAH HCBMIPYl!!OI-0 C.l\aBOI-0 CTpIAegbKe IM H. A11.e rro6iAa HaA eoporoM Aoporo KOmTysaAa. B nep­IIIOMY AHi 6oie Ha AHcotti 3a.l\HIIIH.l\OCH 3 tIHCJ\a 44 cTapIIIHH TiAhKH 16 2KHBHX i 3AoposHx. Eoi 6iAH

219

Eepe;KaH npopi,11,HAH cTpiAeQ,hKi AaBH (3 giAoro no11Ky 3a.l\HlllHJ\OC.H .HKHX 150 J\I0,11,eH, TaK, J!!,O Tpe6a 6yAo ,11,06poeo.l\b1IY cpopMagi10 nepeHeCTH AJ\H noHOBHeHH.H AO KOllla. B noAi 3aJ\HlllHAac.H J\Hlll 0,11,Ha TexHi11Ha COTH.H. Killl Y. C. c. CTO.HB TOAi B ceAi nico11Ha KOJ\O MHKOJ\asaa Ha,11, AHicTpoM. Bci 3,11,opoai cTpi.l\h!!i Ta CTaplllHHH noce.l\HJ\HC.H B Po3aa,11,oai Ta BepHHi i 3 HHX CTBopeHo BHlllKiAhHY r'pyny Y. C. C. CoTHi BHlllKOAY CTO.HJ\H cnepllly B Po3aa,11,oai Ta 3ro.11,0M, niC.l\.H npHXOAY HOB06paHgiB i IlOBOpOTY paHeHHX, Micge nocToIO BHlllKO./\y nolllHpH./\OCb Ha ce./\a Be­pHHb, Ha,11,iTH11i Ta Py,11,HHKH. l<oMaH,11,aHTOM BHlllKOJ\Y Y. C. C. 6ya 3 no11aTKY OT. MHpoH TapttaBCbKHH, noTiM OT. ct>paHg KiKa./\b, J!!,O ni3Hirne cTaB KOMaH­,11,aHTOM ./\er'ioHy B IlO./\i, nic./\.H HbOro OT. r. KoccaK Ta BpelllTi n. IlOJ\K. C.l\10Cap11yK. ni,11,cTaplllHHH Hlll.l\H Ha ,11,BOMiC.HlJHHH ni,c'J,CTaplllHHCbKHH Kypc, J!!,O 6ya .Y Po3.11,o.11.i, a cTaplllHHH Ha TaKHH-me Kypc y TpycKaagi.

JleMKU y HapoiJHbOMY 3pUBi.

B p.H,11,ax 6o6BHX si,11,,11,iAiB 1. no.11.Ky y KpaiHCbKHX Ci11oa11x CTpiAh!JiB, HK aiptti CHHH Yi<paiHH BHCTy­na./\H moeHipH AeMKH, J!!,O pa30M 3 ,11,pyr11MH yKpa­iHCbKHMH BO.HKaMH illlJ\H B 6ii1 3 nicHelO Ha ycTaX i rJ\H60KOIO sipo10 B cepgi B IlOBHY no6i4y Harnoi C./\YlllHOI cnpaBH.

B oyAaBHOMY Bi,11,,11,iAi 1) 6ya iJecfl.mHUKOM Ocun

Kitl.opoBCbKUi1 3 MpHroJ\04a (CHHi1111HHa), BicmyH /Oll.iHH Hall.UCHUK 3 KpacHoi (KopocH.HHJ!!,HHa); y 1. coTHi: BicmyH PoMaH CeKell.a, 3 Ka./\bHH!Ji (AicBKo)~ y 2. coTHi: xopyHJJCUi1 CotjJia I'all.elfKO, Hoa11i1 CaHq, niiJxopyHJJCUU Kll.UM KoHUK, 3 CHHiQ,bKOi noca,c'J,H,

1) YKpaldcbKi Cit1oei CTpi!lbgi, Ab8ia, 1935 . .

220

(C.HttiK), y 3. coTHi: Bicmyli Mwco11a JJ,pa'i, 3 0Ap·e­xosoi (C.HttiK), y 4. coTHi: cmpi11e4b 011eTCcaliiJep Tya, 3 fmKHboro (PHIIIiBJ!!HHa), y 5. coTtti: cmpi11e4b Bo-11oiJuMup f)ocuu, 3 5IcAa, cmpi11e4b Cmenali l(py­me11bliU4bKUU, TaKOLK 3 5IcAa, y 6. COTHi: l.femap Deman /(o6epcbTCUU, 3 C.HKOKa, cmpi11e4b !Bali lla-11a:J1Culie4b, 3asaAKa, 3a1rnpnaTT.H, y 7. coTtti: cmpi-11e4b Ocman Cme4a, 3 KoMaHbqi (C.HttiK), y Tex­ttiqttili coTtti: cmpi11eqb Bacu11b floiJy6uliCbTCUU 3 Pycb­Koi Ay6piBKH, C.HttiK; AaAbIIIe 6yAH no pi3HHX q>opMagiHx: comliUTC flempo laaiJauTCo, l.femap !Bali lu:J1Ca, 3 BHcosoi, 'Lfemap l(ocmb !(06a1iiu, (yp. B KpHBiH KOAO r AaAHIIIOBa, noMep y BHHHHgi), l.femap !Bali Bep6u4bKUU, niiJxopyli:JICUU /1,a1iu110 CMap:JIC, 3 60AHapK11 K. AHnHHOK, l.femap /011iRli lOp1taTCeBU'i, noAK. AiKap poAOM 3 THxaHi, Bacu11b PyculiTCO C. C., H. I'o11euTCO C. C., l.femap !Bali Buc1104bKUU C. C., nopy'iliUTC /1,eliuc Celiema, comliuTC Bacu11b 3apiB­liuu, Muxau110 Me11bliU'LfyK, nap. Opecm 01iy11RTC, Oliy<jjpiu Bpamum, !Bail I'y4y11RTC, Muxau110 I'a-11ymKa 3 f AaAHIIIosa nponas Ha BeAHKiH YKpaiHi, MuxaUJlO lllMaliiJa 3 r AaAHIIIOBa, Ocun l(uiJoHb 3 fopAHqqHHH, Cm. JleBUliCbTCUii 3 Pon11gi KoAo fop­AH!Jb, noMep no nosopoTi 28. IX. 1919 B KpaKosi (AoM6e), AliiJpiU MaTCap 3 ToKapHi (C.HttiK) noMep 15. IX. 1919 KpaKis (.4oM6e), 011eTCca JlyTCaceBu'Lf, OAHOp. CTp. H. K. r. A. (HaqaAbHa KoMaHAa ra­AH!JbKOi ApMii), ypoAmeHHH 1901 p. s C.Httogi, .HK r1eHHK 6. r'iMH. KA.HCH s C.Httogi 3roAOCHBC.H .HK A06po­BoAe!Jb AO YKpaiHcbKoi ApMii, noMep 27. ciqH.H 1920 p. Ha THcp y BHHHHgi, I'liam AliiJpylfiUTC, Ao­Aim.Hi 6epem (AicbKo), noMep 17. 8. 1919 y. AHTOB. 6epecTi (6yrIIIonH), · cmapmuii iJecRmliUTC Bacu11b Ba6RTC, 3 BiAbxosegb' (CHHiK), noMep 21. 12. 1919. emAeM· IIInHTaAb B f Aj6osi, KOAO Hosoi YIII11gi (3a

221

36pytieM), MuKo.na Bacbo, AichKo, rroMep 21. 8. 1919 Kpa1ds (AoM6e), <PeiJip Ka.nuHulf., cTpiAe!Jh 3 6pHra,AH Y. r. A. ' (YKpaiHCbKa faAH!JbKa ApMh1), AicbKO, rroMep 26. 12. 1919 Ha TH<I> y BHHHHgi, ,4Mumpo J<oBa.llb cTpiAe!Jb carrep 3 OoMrn (AicbKo), rroMep 21. 12. 1919 p. Ha TH<I> y BHHHHgi, H. Me-· Ke.numa t rri4 XHposoM, IBaH Mypa.nb, cTpiAe!Jh 8 6pHra4H Y. r. A. (AicbKO) IIOMep 14. 11. 1919 Ha TH<I> y BHHHHgi, Muxaii.no MuqiB. cTp. 7 6pHr. (Ai­CbKo), rroMep 5. 9. 1919. Ha TH<I> y BHHHH:gi (cs.

BicmyH YI' A IlasJ10 L/ypa POAOM 3 npeAyK (K. CHHOKa)

Kocmb l(o6aHiti YCC. sarHsysea BeAHKiH YKpai'si.

o. I. Ae6e4osHtI). KpiM Ha3BaHHX AeMKiB YKpa­iHgis 6araTo 6y.l\o rrpH YKpaiHCbKiH: faAH!JhKiH ApMii - AeMKis 3 KoMaHe!JbKHX cTopiH, 3j caMoi Ko­MaHbtii EapHa, IJ!asHoro, Perre4i, KyMunHoro, Ty­pHHCbKa .HK TaKom 3 EepeaiBIJ!HHH i C.HHi'1'1HHH. Ha ma.l\b HeMa6Mo Aoci rrosHoro crrHcKa AeMKiB BH380.l\bHHKiB.

THMtiacoM rro4ii po3BHBa.l\HC.H. B 6epe3Hi 1917 p. BH6yx.l\a peso.l\10gi.H a Pocii. CKHHeHo gap.H HHK0-.1\a.H II. Ta scTaHOBJ\eHo B Pocii AeM01<.paTH'1HHH .l\a4.

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222

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223

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232

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239

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240

XOAHTbC.H BJ\aCHa y1<paiHCbKa peaJ\bHiCTb i opraHi30-BaHa <l>iAi.H "OpoceiTH", e MynrnHi peaJ\bHiCTb ,,B3a­iMHoi floMoqi" 1 B f OpAH!J.HX icHye BeJ\HKa 6ypca, Kpy.moK YCTT (Y Kpa'iHCbKOro neAarofiqHoro T oea­pHCTBa) i cpiAi.H "Ci.l\bCbKOro r OCilOAap.H".

Ba.mtte Micge 3aHHMae <l>iAiH ,,OpoceiTH" e Kpa1<oei •. Botta ocHoeatta TOAi, HK aAM. BAaAa po3e' H3aJ\a Micge­ey qHTaJ\bHlO 3 BH6yxoM yKpaiHCbKOro 3ABHry. <l>iAi.H MaJ\a nepeHMHTH npagio qHTaJ\bHi, ce6To AaTH M02K­HiCTb yKpaiHCbKOMY ttaceAeHHIO KpaKoea cxoAHTHc.H­ii eecTH neettoro poAa KAI06oee 2KHTT.H. Ta 3rOAOM­cTaJ\H ttapocTaTH Hoei 3ae4aHHJI, nepmycboro y BiA­HomeHHi AO . cTyAeHTCbKOi MOJ\OAi, IQ,O HaHlllJ\aC.H B KpaKoei y 6iAhllliH cKiAbKOCTH. AaAi y eiAHOllleH-­HIO AO eceyKpaiHCbKOi eMirpagii, JIK TaKO.tK AO ga­ToqeHgie, .HKi HaHlllJ\HCJI Ha IlOJ\OCi KpaKiBCbKOrC> eoeaiACTBa. AAe <l>iAi.H, KpoMi 36opie, npo6 A<> pi3HHX CB.HT i AHiB ,,OpoceiTH", YKpaiHCbKoi KyAh­TypH, WeaqeHKa, <l>paHKa - He B CHAi 6araTo 3po-. 6HTH. PieHom i AiJIJ\bHicTb YnT. - KpiM eeAeHH.sr · Kypcie y~paiHcbKoi MOBH - 36ipoK Ha PiAHY lliKoAy - Ta BHCHJ\aHH.H AiTeii Ha eaKagiiiHi oceAi Co1030M. YKpaiHoK - · niA iHlllHMH orAHAaMH o6MemeHa. Y AaAblllOMY xoAi noAiii 6aqHMo, IQ,O AeMKiBIQ,HHa MHMO ecero BKpHBaSTbC.H ciTKOlO qHTaJ\eHb ,,Opo­CBiTH"' HaCeJ\eHH.H paAO BilHCYSTbC.H B qJ\eHH HQB0-3a,CHOBaHHX MicgeeHx KoonepaTHB, 3a1<AaAae Kpym.KH ,,PiAHOi lliKOJ\H", nom.apHi APY*HHH ,,Ayrn;" gi Hoei. KYJ\hTypHo-oceiTHi ycTaH03H opratti3agiHHoi ciTH ne­peAH~aIOT? ceiii. KOpHCHHH BilJ\HB Ha iHmi cyciA~i J\eMKIBCbKI oceJ\I, IQ,O TaK02K CKOpOIO XOAOIO OCBI-· AOMJ\lOlOTbC.H.

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241

KAPTI1HA P03BI1TKY I flPAYJ CIJIAIH TOBAPI1CTBA ,,nPOCBITA" Y 1931-1932 PP.

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EaraTo npHqHHHBCH AO rriAHeceHHH KYAhTypHo­ocaiTHboro ypoaeHHH AeMKiBCbKOro ceAa iJ-p BacUllb DllllBlllJbKUU, aABOKaT a CHHogi, igo MypaBAHHOIO -6e3yIIHHHOIO rrpagelO 3' €~HaB. co6i . CK?PO ~eMKiBCbK~ ceAO Ta opraH1ayaaB CHHl!JbKI, pHMaHIBCbKI ceAa, HKI cKopo ropHyAHCH AO Hoaoro Kpaigoro 2KHTTH. BHcTa­He 3raAaTH, igo a 1927 p. ceAo BHcAoqoK - a TaKHX ci.I\ 6araTO ! - MO.me HaHMeHille CBiAOMe Mim

0 0 M

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242

'lHTa.l\hHi ,,npocsiTa" Ta ,,Ayrosi". CborOAHi ge ce.l\o Mae. rapHy yKpaiHCbKY 6i?AioTeKy, npa!JI06 HaA. CBOiM OCBIAOM.l\eHHHM Ta ycmIIIHO . Aa6 npHK.l\aA IHIIIHM cyciAHiM ce.l\aM - HK Da.l\yTHHKa, o6a KopoAHKH, AoIIIHO, BoATyIIIesa.

npo AaBH6 MHHJ.l\e AeMKiBIJ!HHH, npo II HapOAH6 .l\H!!e - y nosicTeBiH BHXOBHiH q>opMi AaB HaM npo­q>ecop IBaH <PuAun'l.aK (poAOM a AiIIIHi (CHHiqqnHa) muse Tenep y CaM6opi) 6araTo giHHHx KHmKoK, (r.l\HAH ,,Amepe.l\a i AiTepaTypa") IJ!O BKaayIOTb HaM, HK AeMKH 2KH.l\H i aMara.l\HCH aa caoi aeMAi IJ!e B KHH2KHX 11acax Ta IJ!O BAepma.l\o AeMKis npu 2KHTTIO AO cy11acHoi A06H.

3' oKpeMa AO KpaIJ!oro aagiKas.l\eHHH caMoIO AeM­KiBIJ!HHOIO. Ta ii o6cTaBHHaMH i 2KHTT.HM npuqHHHBCH paAHHK <PpaHu, . KoKOBCblCUi1.. BiH y 6eaAiqi csoix CTaTTeH B yKpaiHCbKiH npeci, B OKpeMHX KHH2KKax cnonyM1puaysas iM'H AeMKiBIJ!HHH . Ta ii xapaKTep.

r 0.1\0BHHH BnAi.I\ ToeapHCTBa "npocsiTa" y AbBOBi BHKaaaB y s9ix noaugiHx Be.l\HKHH IIOCTyn. !Je AOKa3 .2KHsyqocTH H apocTalO"tJOI CH.l\H fl npocaiTH". r 0.1\0B­HHH BnAiA npag10eas He Ti.l\hKH y HanpHMi cKpinAIO· aaHHH Ta nor.l\H6.l\IOBaHHH HaIIIoi opr'aHiaagii, a.l\e ii y HanpHMi ii n.oIII.npeHH!1· T o~y oco6.l\HBIIIY ysary 3BepHyB Ha 3aXIAHI HaIIIl OKparnH, a ro.l\OBHO Ha J\eMKiBIJ!HHy, Ae opr'aHiaagiH:Ha ciTKa "npoceiTu" IJ!e AY2Ke cAa6a, a a Apyroro 6oKy oco6.l\HBIIIi BiA­HOCHHH Ha AeMKiBIJ!HHi BHMaraIOTb HeasuqaiiHoi A6aH.l\HBOCTH H: oniKH HaA ge10 06.1\aCTIO. B Tiii giAH r 0.1\0BHHH BHAi.I\ IlOK.l\HKaB AO 2KHTTH 13. XII. 1932 p. oKpeMy T. as. ,,JleMKiBCbKY Ko.Micilo".

3aBAHKH eHepr'ii H: aaxonAeHHIO roAOBH gei KoMi­cii p03811HeHO 2KHBY aKgi10 aa a6ipKOIO KHH2KOK1

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243

ykpa'iHCbKOro rpoMa,?VIHCTBa, a rO.l\OBHO cepe.11; Hanrnx ycTaHOB i BH,ll;aBHHJ'!TB, Be.l\HKe 3po3yMiHHH i ni.11;­TpHMKy. nocHna.l\HCH m.epTBH B KHHIK.Kax, m.ypHa.l\aX 'Ta 11aco1rncax, HKHX sapTiCTb .11;iHIII.l\a .11;0 BHCOTH npH6.l\H3HO 7 THCH11 3.1\., a .ll;OKyn.l\eHO 3 B.l\aCHHX '<t>OH,11;is KoMicii KHHIK.OK aapTOCTH 800 3.1\. 3 THX KHHIK.OK po3ic.l\aHo AO 62 napoxiH no 18 KHHIK.OK i 30 m.ypHa.l\ie, AO 7 11HTa.l\eHb 6i6AioTeKH, sapTocTH_ no 150 3.1\., AO 14 . .l\eMKiBCbKHX MicgeBOCTeH MaH­...ipiBHi 6i6.l\iOTeKH, KOIK.Ha BapTOCTH no 250 3.1\., a KpiM ghoro 11epe3 q>iAiIO B CHHogi Ta o.11;Horo .l\eM-1<iscbKoro AiH11a po34aHo ~00 KHHIK.OK. He3BH11aHHO npHXH.l\bHO AO gei aKgii . nocTaBH.l\HCH a.1J,MiHicTpagii MaHm.e scix HallIHX yKpaiHCbKHX qaconHCiB, HKi 30-6os' H3a.l\HCH nocHJ\aTH npoAOBLK OAHOro poKy AapoM 500. npHMipHHKiB. PisHom. 3aBAHKH rpoIIIesiH AOno­M03I Hanrnx geHTpa.l\bHHX ycTaHOB I AeHKHX npH­BaTHHX oci6 KoMiciH 3MOr.l\a yAi.l\HTH 8 y11eHHKaM­.AeMKaM JrnopiscbKOi r'iMHa3ii AOpa3oBi ni,11;MorH, OAHY y11eHHJ'!10 yAepm.ysaJ\a Ha i<:ypci B 5IH11HHi, a 3 y11e­Hngi B 3asoA0BiH IIIKOAi CC. Bacu.l\iHHOK y Absosi.

KpiM ghoro KoMiciH po3BHHyAa 2K.HBY aKgi10 3a <t>aXOBHM BHIIIKOJ\OM .l\eMKiBCbKOi MOJ\OAi Ha peMiCHH­tdB i Kyngis, J!!O?H BOHH ~>BiJrni naTpiOTH11HHM AY­XOM HaIIIoro peMlCHHJ'!TBa I KynegTBa CTa.l\H 3 11acoM 6yAHTeJ\HMH i niOH6paMH HagioHa.l\bHo-rpoMaA,CbKOro 1KHTTH Ha AeMKiBJ!!HHi. Y cnixH gei npagi cAiA.Hi. 3agiKaB.l\eHHH ~o .11;pyKo.saHoro cAosa ¥!opa3 6i.l\bIIIe, IlOBCTalOTb HOBI 11HTa.l\bHI Ta 3pOCTa6 3aIHTepecoBaHH.R i BA,.RKa AMI ,,OpocBiTH."

KillbKicmb iJiRllbHUX lf.umalleHb ,,IlpocBimu" Ha .JleMKiBUJ,UHi B 1934 p.: nosiT Hosuii CaH11: 11 11HT., .AichKo: 47 11HT., 6epe3is: 13 11HT., CHHiK: 47 11HT., KopocHo: 2 'IHT., .Hc.l\o: 2 11uT., .fopAugi: 5 11HT.~ pa30M 127 11HTa/\eHb ,,ripoBiTH." .

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244

Oeprna 11HTaJ\bH.H "CTpocsiTH" ocHoBaHa B AeMKis· CbKiM ceAi 0Apexosa (CHHi1111HHa) B 1892 p. Oeprni OCHOBYI011i 36opH Toi 11HTaJ\bHi BiA6yJ\HC.ff AH.ff 14. XII. 1892 p. 4HTaJ\bH.H Ha11aAa cso10 npag10 AH.ff 19, II. 1893 p.

Ki11bKicmb Koonepamus na JleMKisw,uni, IJ!O Ha­AemaTh AO Pesi3i:HHoro Co103y Y KpaiHChKHX Koone­paTHB y 1934 p., B nosiTi IiosHH CaH11: 15 Koon.,

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Kypcy 0.11eKca r a.11yJ,!!aK.

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245

KAPTVIHA P03BVITKY I nPAUI 4VITAAEHb "nPOCBITVI" HA AEMKIBIJJVIHI

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247

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248

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249

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250

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251

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252

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253

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,l/y31Ce zap11.a npuaopo'JIC11.a KanJLU'tKa a ce.11i llilllIXOTCbKHii Bopo6.11HK.

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254

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255

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THMqacoM YKpaiHcbKa ApMiH, BHCHameHa e He­pieHHx 6qHx .3 Eo./\blllCBHKaMH, 3. no./\HKaMH, MaAH­p~MH,_ P~MyHaMH, BAeCHTKyeaHa TH<f>OM, 6e3 eiAno: BIAHOI. Kl./\bKOCTH. opy.m~H, 3AaHa ./\Hille H~ ~BOI

B./\aCHI CH./\H, MYCI./\a Ma./\ITH Ta ycTynHTH BKIH!Jl 3a pitrny 36pyq.

A B CxiAHiH . r a./\HqHHi IlO./\bCbKi 00./\KH Hlll./\H no6iAHO enepeA. HeeAaqy AeMKH eiAqY./\H Ta cTpa­TH./\H BCHKY HaAiIO, HKOIO nepllle iKH./\H, igo y KpaiHgi, 3aBO./\OAiBlllH CxiAHOlO r a,/\HqHHOIO, yniMHYTbCH i 3a AeMKiB. PieHom npona./\o cnoAiBaHHH, igo AeMKiB­IJ.!HHY npHAyqaTb AO 4exo-CAoeaqqHHH. AriTagiio 3AYIIICHO, a npOBOAHpi qecbKOi opraHi3agii noxo­Ba./\HCb ...

B ,,YKpaiHCbKOMY CKHTa./\bgi" Ai6epegb 1920 p. 4. q, HaXOAHMO giHHi MaTepiHAH, HanHcaHi BoAOAH­MHpoM BHHorpaACbKHM niA Baro./\OBKOM ,,3 AHie 6opoTb6H. CnoMHHH ./\HCTonaAoeoro nepeeopoTy B EaAHropoAi i AicbKY."

3Hoey Bi BeiTy Apa MHxaH:./\a CDiAbga ,,3 AOporH

257

3j 3aKonaHoro AO ·Abeoea", AOBiAyElMOCH, igo e qaci Mim 1. i 4. .l\HCTonaAa 1918 p. npHHIII.l\a a Hoeoro CaHqa eicTKa, igo TaM poaopymHAH Ta iHTepHyea.l\H YKpa'iHgie 10 noAKY nixoTH, igo aaHoCHTbC.H Ha

' iHTepuyeaHHH YKpaiHgie y 3aKonaHiM. CTapIIIHHH YKpaiHgi 6yAH piIIIeHi 3Ao6yTH BAaAy HaA 10. no.1\­KOM i MiCTOM, OAHaqe BHacAiAOK IlOKJTHbOro iHq>op­MyBaHHH - IloAHKH eHnepeAH.l\H YKpaiHgie, poaopy­LKHAH ix Ta iHTepHyea.l\H. !Je CTa.l\OCH B Hoqi 1. AH­CTOilaAa 1918 p.

BoiJocs11mm11 B BoCbKY ea piyi BHc.11iK, a 19.36 p.

ToAi iHTepHoeaHo oKo.l\o 800 cTpiAhgie Ta 35 cTapIIIHH. AAe cKopo ix BHnyigeHo. CTapIIIHHH, po­aiHIII.l\HCH IIIHpoKo no AeMKiBIQ,HHi, igo6 oceiAOM.l\IO­eaTH AeMKie Ta iHq>opMyeaTH ix npo noAomeHHH, HKe Tenep naHye B cxiAHiH qacTHHi KpaIO.

Y CHHogi B3H.l\H BAaAy e ceoi pyKH CToAHKH. 3a­ripH HaXOAH.l\OCH AHH 7 . .l\HCTOilaAa 1918 p. B JKpa­iHCbKHX pyKax, AonyigeHo AO MiAigii CToAHKie i LKH­AiB. CToAHKH TeopHAH 3HHKOMY MeHIIIiCTb (KoAiHpi), a MiAigiio 3opraHiayeaAH cogiHAbHi-AeMOKpaTH.

IAioCTpoaaea ICTopl11 .l\e11Kla111aea 17

258

· · BKiHgi Ayme TaKom eamHi noAii "OKpymHoro Ko­Micapi.RTY BHcAoKa Ta KoMaHhqi".

!Jeii pyx Ha AeMKiBigHHi, xoqa He npHHic cnoAi­eaHux HacAiAKiB, Mae !!10 A06py CTopoHy, igo BOHa poapyxaAac.R Ta cTpaT11Aa 6araTo a AaBHboro yne­peAmeHH.R AO yKpaiHCbKoi iAei. YKpaiHChKi cTpeMAiHHH Ta HaAii 3 qacis BeJ\H.KHX AHiB - He nponaJ\H Ha AapMO .••

HapiA ropHeTbCH AO yKpaiHCbKOi KHH2KKH Ta qa­conucy, .RKoro nepeAllie ii He BHAiB i He qye.

!Je ece cnpuqnHHAo, igo AeMKieiguHa - MHMO npaBOCJ\aBi.R - MHMO HeBiAp3AHHX o6cTaBHH, BHXO­AHTb Ha qHcTi BOAH HapOAHbOro BiApOA2KeHHH. !Jeii pyx oxonue giAy AeMKieiguHy Ta HeMae CHAH, igo iioro . 3AepmaAa6u ...

T«aqbKufi sapcmam - «opocHa e KoMaBb'li, C11aiK.1

Ce. JI. Cl>a.11bKoecKi.

3AKAPnATT5I B ICTOPI14HOMY CBIT Al.

nepmy BiCTKY npo :3a~apnaTT.R HaXOAH~O 3 889 ~·· 'KO.l\H caMe MaAHpH, BIABllJHHM III.l\.RXOM C.l\IAaMH ryHIB i aeapie (Ko11iBHHIJHX, AHKHX Il.l\eMeH) npHMaHAPYBaAH a Aaii, nepeiimAH ropH 6ecKHAH i poaTa6opHAHC.R 3 ee.l\HKHM TPYAOM - ge oaHa11ae no yropcbKH: ,,MyHKa" (MHHKaq-Mukacev o). Uo COpOK,lJ,eHHbOMY BiA­noqHHKY 3,lJ,o6yAH CTOAHJ!IO ,lJ,O.l\ilIIHbOi y KpaiHH1

) 3BaHy ' YHr'. 0AHaqe BOLKA yKpaiHgie, AH6opgb npoTHCTa­BHBCH yrpaM, aanrnye y 6HTBi 3 yrpaMH HaA pi11KoIO, J!!O ii eiA iioro iMeHH HaaeaAH: AH6opHge10 {g.R Haaea 3a,lJ,ep2Ka.l\aCH AO CbOrOAHi).

3Hoey npo caMy nepeAicTopuqHy KYAbTypy 3a­KapnaTT.R BKaays HaHHOBima (a .l\HIIH.R 1935 p.) giHHa apxeoAoriqHa HaxiAKa e ceAi OnoKiBlJRX1 6iAH YLK­ropOAY· TaM HaH1II.l\

0

H npu KonaHH~ KaHaAy AAH e.l\6KTpHqHHX npoBO,lJ,18 B KaMeHOJ\.OMI ABaJ!.RTb ne­peAiCTOpHqHHX IIOCYAHH. 3 HHX Ti.l\bKH n.RTb a6e­per.l\OC.R e giAoCTH. BoHH e rAHHHHi Ta 6ea LKaAHHx npHKpac. 3Haegi cTeepAHAH, J!!O ge noxopoHHi ypHH. Ix eiK ogiHIOIOTb npH6.l\H3HO Ha qoTHpH a6o ii n.RTb THC.RIJ poKie. CaMa HaxiAKa AyLKe eapTicHa i eaaraAi nepma J!bOro poAy Ha 3aKapnaTTi.

3aKapnaTT.R o6HHMa6 caMi CK.l\OHH KapriaT AO nieAH.R paaoM eiA aaxoAy ai CnimchKOIO 3eMJ\.eIO, np.RIIIiBIJ!HHOIO Ta B.l\aCTHBHM 3aKapnaTT.RM 3 MiCTOM y LKropOAOM.

1) IJJeaca11 MopaecKi: Slldecczyzna, KpaKie, 1863. 17*

260

AaAeKo Ha BaxiAHIH MeLKi yKpaiHcbKHx 3CMC.l\b -noMiLK noAbJ!!ClO H CAOB81111HHOIO, THrHCTbCH BY3bKe naCMO rip reTb aLK AO pi11KH flonpaAy, 3aCe.l\eHe yKpaiHgHMH AeMKaMH. BiA roAoeHoro MicTa gei OKpyrH - Upnmeea Ha3HBa6TbCH giAa 3CM.l\H Upn­miecbKOIO. TeneA eoHa 3 roAOBHHM MiCTOM, KomH­!!HMH, HaAeLKHTb AO CxiAHhoi C.l\oea1111HHH, e MeLKax 4exocAoeagbKOi Peny6AHKH. B nieHi11HiH: 11acTHHi TipnmiBJ!!HHH, y CxiAHix EecKHAax - e OKO.l\Hgi, J!!O Ma6 HapOAHlO H33BY ,,MaKOBHgi"' cepeA AyLKe rapHoi MicgeeocTH 6 HeeeAH'llKe MicTo EapAiie HaA pi11Ko10 Tono.l\eIO. Pa3oM j3 UpnmeeoM ge HaHcTaprne MicTo He Ti.l\bKH Ha UpnmiBJ!!HHi, a.l\e Ha giAiH 3a­KapnaTCbKiH: YKpaiHi. Y AaBHHHi, 11epe3 EapAiie eis AyLKe eamHHH Toproee.l\bHHH Ill.l\HX, J!!O AY11HB YKpa­iHy H: 3'0KpeMa faAH'llHHY Bi CAoeaq11HH010, Yrop­J!!HHOIO H: AaAi 3 6a.l\KaHcbKHMH cAos' HHaMH, h "aAia10 (HeAapoM ce.l\HHH UpeAyK - · KoMaHe1111HHa -- ttaH:­Ill.l\H npH pocKoni AOporH, CTapi pHMChKi MOHeTH) Ta HHillHMH nieAeHHo-eaponeH:cbKHMH KpaHMH. !JH Aopora H:mAa 3 EapAiaea 11epea MicTe11Ko 36opie, AYK.l\HHCbKHH npocMHK Ha KopocHo, CHHiK i Uepe­MHill.l\b. KpiM Toro 6yAo J!!e Ki.l\hKa MeHmHx AOpir, J!!O 3 faAH'llHHH cxoAHAHCH AO EapAiaaa. 4epe3 EapAiia AO faAH'llHHH npHB03HAH 3 nieAeHHhoi H: 3a­xiAHboi EeponH He Ti.l\hKH q>a6pH11Hi Toeapi, a.Ile TaKOLK pi3HOMaHiTHi MHCTeghKi BHpo6H, KHHLKKH, TKa­HHHH, CK.l\O, nepesaLKHO 3 HiMegbKHX Ta iTaAiHCbKHX MicT, oco6AHBO 3 BeHegii. 3 YKpaiHH Ha YropJ!!HHY H: AaAi B03H.l\H ro.l\OBHO xyAo6y, q>yTpa, oAiii, ciAh. 4epe3 ge 6apAiiBCbKHH Ill.l\HX Mas nepmopHAHe 3Ha-11iHHH a nomHp10eaHHIO nieAeHHO·eeponeH:cbKOi KY.l\h­TypH H: MHCTegTea Ha Y KpaiHi.

UiAa UpHmiBJ!!HHa 6yAa 3aceAeHa yKpaittgHMH J!!C B XI cTo.l\iTTIO, ge6To 900 poKiB ToMy. fliBHime

/

261 . . . .

noqaJ\H CIOAH npHXOAHTH HIMCJ!bKI KOJ\bOHICTH, .ffKl ociAaAH, Haii6iAbllle no MicTax. Oepllla eiAoMiCTb npo Op.RllliBIJ!HHy, 3' oKpeM~ npo ~apAiie 3~xoea.l\a~.ff B raAHJ!bKO-BOJ\HHCbKOMY J\ITOilHCI 3 qacrn TaTap­CbKOI'O norpoMy e 1241 p. ToAi raAHJ!bKHH KopoAb AaHHAo, BTiKa10qH nepeA TaTapaMH ,,iillloe j3 Yrop-· IJ!HHH AO noJ\bIJ!i Ha EapAiie".

CaMe MicTo qH naK oceA.R .6yAo mKe 3 noqaTKY XIII. cToJ\iTT.R; 6ap,lliiachKa 3aJ\i3HCTa MiHepaAbHa BOAa, qH .ffK CCJ\.ffHH Ha3HBaIOTb "KBacHa BOAa ,, ' rio­MiqHa Ha pi3Hi xopo611, 6yAa eiA<>Ma eme e XIII. CT. a e Apyriii nOJ\OBHHi XVII. CT. BOAY eme po3B03HJ\H y nA.RllIKax. ByAH TaM TaKom y cTapoe1rny KOFI3J\bHi aoAoTa ii cpi6Aa. BoHH icHyeaAH e XIV-XV. cT., a.l\e qepe3 qacTi HanaAH Ta eiHHH . 3I'OAOM 6y.l\H 3a­KHHeHi - · KpaIJ!i noKJ\aAH eiAKPHAH e Cpi6Hiii 3eMAi. Tenep ceiAqHTb npo HHX J\Hllle Ha3Ba ceAa · 3oAoTe (3oJ\OTe CCJ\O, IlOJ\e). .

Haiittec110KiHHillli qacH AA.ff Op.RllliBIJ!HHH npHna­AaIOTb Ha xv. CT., KOJ\H TYT IlOCTiHHo Be.l\HC.ff eiHHH

. I B Ml2K yropCbKHMH Ta IlOJ\bCbKHMH KOpOMIMH. poKax 1393-1414 BOJ\OAapeM MaKOBHJ!i 6ye noAiJ\hCbKHH KH.ff3b <PeAip Kopi.RTOeHq, IJ!O npHHllIOB Ha 3aKap­naTCbKY YKpaiHy 3 KaM.ffHJ!H noAiAbCbKOI'O. OiA Ki­HeJ!b XVI. CT. i AO poKy 1601. MaKoBHJ!H 6yAa BJ\aCHiCTIO 80.1\HHCbKOI'O KHH3.ff lsaHa 0cTp03bKOfO, cTapllloro CHHa aHaMeHHToro KottcTaHTHHa 0cTp03b· Koro. Ko.l\o EapAiGsa a6epircH HaeiTb naM' .RTHHK, no6yAoBaHHH IsaHoM OcTpoabKHM y 1590. pogi. 0Attaqe HaHBHIJ!a BAaAa HaA Op.RllliBIJ!HHOIO · sc~ cnoq1rna.l\a B pyKax yropCbKOI'O KOpOAH Ta yropCbKOI lll.l\.RXTH, . AAH .RKHX 6yAa 6aiiAyma AOJ\.R qymoro iM

. ttaceAeHHH. KpaIJ!i qacH HacTaAH AHllle TOAi, .RK xpa6M 80.1\0AiB IlOBCTBHCJ!b CTenaH ooqKaH (1604--1606), IJ!O ,,3a6e:-meqyeas HaceAeHHIO ceo6oAy pe-

262

Airii H o6Memyaaa caaaoA10 KopoA1a qymoi uapoA: uocTu". Te caMe niATBepAmyaaAH ceMuropoACbKt KHHai PaKogii, i,go BOJ\OAiAH flpHmiai,guuo10 npo,4oam.. giAoro XVII. cToAiTTH. .HK BiAOMO, IOpiH PoKogiii (cTapmuu) aia neperoeopu a reTbMaHoM Eor,i'lanoM XMeJ\:bHH!,!bKHM i aaKJ\IOIJHB ia HHM co10a npoTH floAbI,gi, TaKom IOpiu PaKogiH II. (MoAOAlIIHH) y giH: cnpaai XO,i\HB noXOAOM AO faAHIJHHH, Ae TOAi nepe-6yaaJ\H KoaaghKi aiHcbKa. EaraTo BHTepniAo uace­J\eHHH flpHiiiiBI,gHHH a" 1820 p., B qaci nepeXOAY MOCKOBCbKOro ~iHCbKa, a B Apyre B poKax 1848-· 1849, KOJ\H MocKaAi HlII.l\H AOnoMaraTH aacTpiHCbKiH· Kopoui npoTH yropcbKoro peuoA10giHuoro pyxy . Ta BKiugi niAtJac OCTaHHbOi aiHHH B 1914-16 poKax. B 1916 p. npuAytJeuo giAe 3aKapnaT'.I'H AO 4exo­CJ\oaagb~oi ~eny6AHKH Ta B flpHlIIiBJ!!,HHi 3HOBY Ha­CTa.l\O Bl.l\bHilIIe mHTTH.

KoAH a.me Moaa npo 3a1<apnaTTH, uaaeAeMo B aa­KiHtJeuui KopoTKO npo y1<paiucb1<i aeMAi no TOH 6iK KapnaT, ua caMHX ripcbKHX CKAouax, i,go eucoey-6TbCH B M3AHpCbKHH HH3. !Je Harne CTapoAaBH& 3aKapnaTTH. Hami npe.itKH, AeMKH, y A3BHiH .itaa­uuui aaHHAH noAyAneai CTOKH KapnaT, poa6pHAHCH reu - no yKpaiHCbKiH HH3HHi Ta ceMuropOACbKiH BHCOKopiaui. 3ro,IJ,OM . BHTHCHY.l\H ix BiATiAH 80.1\0XH Ta MaAHpH, aAe a VI. cToAiTTH noquua101JH, aaiiMa­IOTb yKpaiugi ac10 nicKOBHKoay cMyry KapnaT, ei.1t flonpa.11.y no 3oAoTy EucTpng10.

I KuiacbKa i faAH!,!bKo-BoAOAHMHpcbKa Aepmaea poaTHraAa cao10 B.l\aAy ii ua 3aKapnaTTH, i,go aaa­.1\0CH TOAi KopoTKO - Kpaiuo10. B XIV. aigi no· mupHAH yKpaiucbKi KHHai Me.mi Kpa°iuu ~ .rAu6uHy· M3AHpCbKOi TepHTopii, a.l\e 3 yna,4KOM f 3J\H!,!bKO­Bo.l\HHCbKOi Aepmaau, niAna.l\o 3aKapnaTTH niA Ma­AHpCbKY B.l\aAy.

263

!Ji aeMAi, BiA HaHA3BHilIIHXj qaciB, B mopCTOKHH cnoci6 BHKOpHCToByBaHi, HaceAeHHH He MO.lKe o6i­rHaTHCH BiA 6eaHaCTaHHHX ApaqoK, TO.lK aa6AHO Ma-6MO HapOAHi IlOBCTaHHH Ha 3aKapnaTTi. neplIIHM 6yAo AepmaBHe IlOBCTaHHH neTpa neTpOBHqa, Mi2K 1310 Ta 1321 p.; BiATaK IlOBCTaHHH KMeTiB npoTH MaI'HaTiB B ] 336 pogi; - IlOBCTaHHH "Kypygia" niA npoBOAOM lOpiH Aoemi npoTH IIIJ\HXTH B 1514 p. 3AaBJ:IB i:f oro laaH 3anoAiH eapeapCbKHMH aeipcTaaMH i mopcTOKOCTHMH. Aoamy cnaAeHo - Ha nocTpax - .lKHBgeM, 70 THCHq ceJ\SIH y6HTO i 50 ciA cnaJ\eHO.

YeproBHM 6yAo noecTaHH.R leaaa !Jicap.R B 1631 p. npOTH naHiB Ha noTHCci; IlOBCTaHHH 3eMilJ\Hf!!HHH B 1687 p. - PaKiegH !3 1703-1708 p. - onpHmKia ai 3eMnAef!!HHi B 1831 pogi, J!!O AaJ\O TeMy AO Ha­IlHCaHH.R IllCHl:

,,HaA TaTpoe ca 6AicKa". . OcTaHHiM 6yAo KpHeaee noecTaHHH a Me.lKHA.R6o­

pegbKiH OKpyai, J!!O IlOllaJ\OCH eeCHOlO 1935 p., ai ceAa YepTH.lKHboro i fa6ypH.

npHqHHOlO THX CBiX IlOBCTaHb 6yAo, a6o HeBAO­BOJ\eHH.ff aaKapnaTCbKHX AeMKie Ta ix 6eaeHXiAHe IlOJ\O.lKeHH.ff, a6o - HK ge M3J\O Micge eecHOlO 1935 p. - pimaIOqHM y IlOBCTaHHi 6ye HagioHaJ\bHO·IlOAi­THqHHH MOMeHT. - ,,MH xoqeMO TiJ\bKH CB06 i AO· MaraeMOCH npuAyqeHH.R AO MaTipHoro IlHH" - - OCb 6oAHK, J!!O eiA eiKie qepBHTb aaKapnaTCbKoro AeMKa.

3a6yToIO ceoiMH 6yAa AO qacy peeoA10gi"i e AecTpo YropJ!!HHi eiTKa yKpaiHCbKoro HapoAy Ha 3aKapnaTTi.

3AaB3J\OC.ff, l!JO BOHa YTOHe B Mat(HpCbKOMY Mopi; ii iHTeAiI'e~gi.R a6o M3AHpoq>iAbCbKa, .a6o MOCKoq>iA~­CbKa, 30BC1M He IlJ?3!!IOBaJ\~ HaA H3!!10H8J\bHHM OCBl­AOMJ\eHH.ffM, Ta rroAITHqHuM 1 KYAbTYPHHM BHABHrHeH­HHM ceoiioro HapoAy. l!!o 6iAbmel BiA 1849 AO 1918 p. He giKaBHJ\aCH AOJ\elO ceoix aaKapnaTCbKHX

264

6paTiB noAiTHtIHa peripeaeHTagiH yKpailicbKoi aeMAI :H EyKOBHHH, !JbOro 6eanepetIHoro yKpaiHCbKoro Oi6MOHTY AO qacy aeAHKoi pociHCbKOi peaoA10gii

- B 1917 p. (Ap. M. AHAPYCHK: r OMiH yKpaiHCbKOi AepmaBHOCTH H: co6opHOCTH Ha 3aKapnaTTi).

CaMi yKpaiHCbKi raAH!JbKo-6yKoBHHCbKi noAiTHKH, AYMaIOtIH BiA notiaTKY caiToaoi aiHHH npo HeaaAemHy YKpaiHy, cenapyaaAH ce6e aiA ceoiioro aaKapnaT­CbKoro ,,HaiiMeHmoro 6paTa". EoHJ\HCH BHABHrHyTH maAaHHH ,,f oAOBHoi YKpaiHCbKoi-PycbKoi Pa,11H" y Abaoei Ta yropcbKHX YKpaiHgie a 1849 p.

B 1849 p. BHCJ\aAH ~aKapnaTCbKi yKpaiHgi AO. Abaoaa caoro AeAeraTa, J!!,O oTeepTo aaHBHB nepeA raAH!JbKHMH noAiTHKaMH ·a f 9AoeHoi PaAH ocb J!!,O: ,,YropcbKi YKpaiHgi 6amaIOTb, J!!,06 aiA YropJ!!,HHH 6y AH BiAAiAeHi H: HK y noAiTHtIHiM TaK ii aAMiHicTpa­!JiHHiM 3rAHAi 6yAH npHAytieHi AO yKpaiHCbKOi qaCTH­HH faAHtIHHH". BoHH 6oHAHCH gHM ocKop6HTH gi­cap~, i MaAHpiB - !JHX Haii6iAbIIIHX KaTiB i eima­TeJ\IB Hamoro HapoAy.

Y acTynHiii cTaTTi qaconHcy Ukranin - Ukran­Magyar kapcsolatok sremleje (YKpaiHa, orAHA yKpa­iHCbKO-MaAHpCbKHX eiAHOCHH), J!!,O noqae BHXOAHTH g notiaTKOM 1916 p. a EyAanemTi, aaaHatieHo, J!!,O ,,niA Y Kpa'iHoIO Tpe6a poayMiTH TY o6AaCTb, HKY o6iH:Ma6 yKpaiHCbKe HaceAeHHH no ApyriM 6ogi .nie­,11eHHo-cxi,11Hix KapnaT' y r aJ\HllHHi, Ha EyKOBH_Hi Ta 8 nie,11eHHiH 11acTHHi pociH:cbKoro(?) HHay". ,, Ukrania" ni,11qepKyaaAa, J!!,O Ma,iiHp ,,HiKOAH He aapaxoay6 CIOAH THX rpeKo-~aT?AH!JbK_Hx . yropc!'KHX q:~oMaAHH! I!!? mHBYTb y mBHltIHO-CXIAHIX KOMITaTax, I J!!,O BIH HI­KOJ\H He YTOTOmHI06 ix 3 yKpaiH!JHMH, OTme BHKJ\l0-11a6 ix aoaciM a noHHTTH YKpaiHgi" .1

) AAH ei,ii,iiiAeHHH

1) A- AopoweeKo: YropcbK& YKpai:ea, CTpara 1919, (c-r. 26-27).

265

3aKapnaTTH BIA y Kpaittgis aanpoBaAHB yropCbKHH YPHA B qac1 CBITOBOI BIHHH J\aTHHKy . • -. CepeA TaKHX o6cTaBHH aacTaB aaKapnaTCbKHx yKpaiHgia poasa.I\ aacTpo-yropcbKoi ,, TIOpMH Hapo­AiB". Ey6ysaHHH yKpaiHCbKOi AepmaBH Ha CTpHAHi­npHHJ!!HHi H B r a.l\HlJHHi He OCTa.l\O 6ea BIIJ\HBY H Ha 3aKapnaTTH, HK npo ge AOBiAyeMOCH 3 BHAaHoi J!!e a 1924 p . . BHAaBHH!!TBOM ,,Hosa fpoMaAa" y BiAHi - KHH2KKH OpTocKona: ,,AepmaaHi aMaraHHH CTpH­KapnaTCbKoi y KpaiHH".

I'ocnoiJapcbKi aa6yiJysaHHR ea npnxoAcTai a PnMaHiecbKiii 3aaa11gi.

•

3AKIH4EHHH.

y AOilOBHeHHIO reorpaq>itIHO-iCTOpHtIHOro HatiepKy KapnaTCbKHX 3eMeAb, HK TaKoLK AAH noLKHTOtIHoro BHK838HHH Haworo MHHyAoro - igo6 MH He OCTa­BHAH 380AHO irpaWKOIO B HeBi,.11,nosi,.11,HHX Ta He~6i: 31:f8HHX pyKax - npHrMIHeMOCSI KOpOTKO Ha ~aLK~lllil

MICgeBOCTH, igo H8XO,ll,HTbCH Ha npocTop1 !!IAHX KapnaT. .

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.!Jeproea l.JallIHH 4epeMxa 4epTe2K 4epTH2KHe 4HcTorop6 4opHa Bo.lla ' 4opHe 4opHopiKH lliHM6apK lliKAHpH lliAHXTOBa IJJaeHe IJJaeHHK

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5J6AOHHg.R IlOJ\bCbKa H6Aouug.a pycbKa 5JeipKH 5JeipHHK ..Heipe 5JAHH ..HceAh ..Hceuie 5JCJ\O 51cAHCbKa 5JcTp.R6HK 51cIOHKa ..HcbOHKa 5J1IIKOBa 5JtJMHp

ALKEPEAA H AITEPA TYPA •.

f oAoauimi uay~c>Bi ;<\mepeAa AO icTopi'i AeMKiBl!!H.HH, AO HKHX !JIKaBIIIIHX crrpHMOByIO, uaXOAHMO:

M. fpymeacbKHH: lcTopiH YKpainH-PycH. T. I. II. IV. V. VI.

M. fpymeacbKHH: MaTepiHAH AO icTopi'i cycrriAhHO­rroAiTHlIHHX H eKoHoMi'llHHX BiAHOCHH 3axiAHhoi YKpai'uH. Ahaia 1906.

M. fpymeachKHH: 4mepeAa AO icTopii YKpa'inH·PycH. 1895-1910.

CTpocp. ,4. AopomenKo: HapHc lcTopii YKpaiuH. T. I. Bapmaaa 1932. HaKAa,<\OM Y KpaiucbKoro HayK. IHCTHTyTy.

Ap. ·laau KpHIIHKeBH'll: 3 icTopii fygyAhl!!HHH. AhBiB 1929.

Ap. laau KpHIIHKeBH'll: TypHCTHKa i KpaeauaacTao. 4. I. A10TeHb 1925 p. Y. II. MaHApiBKH 5IKOBa r OAOBa!JbKOro 1832--1840.

Ap. laau KpHIIHKeaHq: BcecaiTHH icTopiH. (KHiB 1918.)

Ap. lean KpHIIHKeBH'll: KopoTKa lcTopiH YKpaiuH. KHiB "BepHHropa".

Ap. MHpOH KopAy6a: 3axiAHe rrorpaHH'lle r aAH!JbKOi AepmaeH Mim KaprraTaMH Ta AOAiIIIHHM CHHOM. 3arrHCKH H. T. iM. ill. Ahaie.

laau KpeeegbKHH: r aAH'llHHa B ApyriH IIOAOBHHi XVIII CT. AhBiB 1909.

282

laaH E. AeeHgbKHH: norJ\.ffA Ha p03BIH HH3Woro i BHCWOrO WKiJ\bHHgTea B faAH':IHHi B poKax 1772-1800 · i poBeiH pycbKO·HapoAHboro wKiAh· HHgTea e pp. 1801-1820. Abeie 1903.

,4p. 51pocJ\aB nacTepHaK: KopOTKa apxeOJ\bOr'i.R 3a­xiAHbO-Y KpaiHCbKHX 3eMe.l\b. BiA6HTKa EorocAo­eii y Abeoei 1932.

npo<f>. I. 3iAHHCbKHH: npo6a ynop.RAKOBaHHSI yKpa­iHCbKHX roeopie. BiA6HTKa Aheie 1914.

BepxpagbKHH: npo roeip raAHgbKHX AeMKiB. Aheie 1902.

A. KH.ffiKHHCbKHH: Memi EoiiKiBIJ!HHH. AiTonHc Eoii­KiBIJ!HHH. PiK 1. CaM6ip 1931.

n. foAy6oBCbKHH: CTe1:1eHirH, TopKH i noJ\oagi AO npHXOAY TaTap. KHie 1884 .

.4o6p.RHCbKHH: l1cTopi.R nepeMHCbKOi Enapxii. I. CflpaHKO: lcTopi.R naHIJ!HHH. MHKOJ\a f oAy6egb: BeAHKa lcTopi.R YKpaiHH. Ahaie

1935. faHAOP lllapaHeBH':I: l1cTopi.R r aJ\HgKO-BoAOAHMHp­

CKOH PycH. Aheie 1863. A. 3y6pHgbKHH: l1cTopi.R r aJ\HgKoro KH.RiKeCTBa.

T. III. JeaH neTpOBH':I npHCJ\OilCbKHH: CaHAegbKaSI Pych.

Aheie 1893. B. 0. I.JJaeHHC~KHH: XpeIJ!eHH.R PycH. Aheie 1888. o. MHxaHJ\O KpHHHgbKHH: MywHHa n. nHJ\H':I. 36ip­

HHK 36opoecbKoro. BiAeHb 1853. A. I. TopoHCbKHH: AeMKH. 3op.R faAHgbKa - .HK

a.l\b60M. Aheie 1860. 0. AP· M. MaAaH.HK: 3epHa r opywH':IKbl H3'b Apeea

2KH3HH H. ,4. M., KaM.HHHHa; flepeMHWJ\b 1910. flpo<f>. ,4p. T. MHwKOBCbKHH: IOro3anaAHa.R eTHo­

rpa<f>. rpaHHg.ff r aJ\. PycH. Hay1:1. Ai Tep. 36ip­HHK fa.I\. pycb. MaTHgi. T. VIII. 'Abeie 1934.

283

Ap. M . .H. AaAH2KHHCbKHH: CHHOK Hero OKpeCTHOCTH. 36ipHHK f aA. pycb. MaTHgi. Aheie 1930, 1934.

AcTpH6 M.: KoAbKo CAOB'b o AeMKoecKoii 6ect.At., YtrnTeAb 1871. q, 43-51.

XHAHK BoAOA. lrH.: CeaAe6HhIH 3Bb1qaH y AeMKOB'b. 36ipHHK fa./\. pych. MaTHgi. 1871. CT. 4-29 .

.H. nacTepHaK: Ruske Karpaty w archeologii. Opara 1928.

A. 3y6pHgbKHH: Granzen zwischen der russinischen und polnischen Nation in Galizien. Aheie 1849.

Ap. I. neAew: Geschichte der Union der rutheni­schen Kirche mit Rom von den altesten Zeiten bis auf die Gegenwart. · BiAeHb 1878. T. I., 1880 T. II.

Bpox: Studien von der slovakisch - kleim:ussischen Sprachgrenze in ostlichen Ungarn. XpHCTHHHiH 1897-1899.

I. fyceK: Narodopisma hranice mezi Slovaky a Ear­patorusy. BpaTHC.l\aea 1925.

fyoep: Ludwik der I. von der Ungarn und die Un­garischen Vasallander. (Archiv. fur osterr. Ge· schichte LXVI).

Kc. B. CapHa: Opis powiatu jasielskiego. Opis powiatu kro8nienskiego. Przeghid katolicki. 1898. •

Ap. n. AoM6KOBCKi: Stosunki narodowosciowe ziemi Sanockiej w XV. stuleciu. AhBiB 1921.

Ap. n. AoM6KOBCKi: Stosunki koscielne ziemi sa­nockiej w XV. stuleciu. OepeMHIII.l\b 1922.

Ap. n. AoM6KOBCKi: Szlice z zycia szlachty sanockiej w XV. stuleciu. Aheie 1923.

Ap. n. AoM6KOBCKi: Zemsta, okup i pokora na Rusi halickiej w wieku XV. i pierwszej poJ'owie wie­ku XVI. Aheie 1898.

A. n. AoM6KOBCKi: Zaginione ksi~gi s~dowe woje­w6dztwa ruskiego i beJ'zkiego . Abeie 1921.

284

KyTine6a: Handel Krakowa w wiekach srednich. KpaKie 1903.

Ao3iHhCKi 6p.: Galicjana. Kilka obrazk6w z pier­wotnych lat historji galickiej. Aheie 1872.

B. Ao3iHhCKi: Prawom i lewem. Aheie 1903. AeeigKi A.: Zarys historji Polski i kraj6w ruskich

z ni~ poJ'~czonych . KpaKiB 1884. 0. 6aAbgep: Historja ustroju Austryi w :mrysie.

Abeie 1908. 0. 6aAbgep: MaterjaJ'y historyczne. T. I. Aheie 1861. BagA. A. Magei1:oecKi: Pierwotne dzieje Polski i Litwy.

Baprnaea 1846. BA. KyxapcKi: Sanok i Sanocka Ziemia w dobie

Piast6w i JagieJ'J'6w. AhBiB 1906. · OpoxacKa: W sprawach zaj~cia Rusi przez Kazimierza

W. T. VI. 1892. YI. CyAirn: Przywileje wsi Odrzechowy. C.srniK 1909. I. Cm"aHbcKi: Historja Nowego S~cza. Aheie 1901. l!!ettcHH MopaecKi: S~decczyzna . KpaKie 1863. LB.m·. r AbOr'ep: Geografja historyczna dawnej Polski.

Kp~KiB 1900. CTpoxacKa: Dokument gr~niczny czerwono - ruski.

(Kwart. hist. T. XIV. 1900). BA. A6paraM: Powstanie organizacji koscioJ'a J'acin.

na Rusi. T. I. Ahsie 1904. CaMoAeeiq .H.: S~d wyzszy prawa niemieckiego na

zamku sanockim 1425-1552. Aheie 1903. CTeHtIHHbCKi M. 6.: Okolice Galicji. Aheie 1847. 4oAOBCKi A. Ap.: Dawne zamki i twierdze na Rusi

halickiej. Abeie 1892. AioABiK Ky6aM1: Szkice historyczne. CepiH 1-2. Ceeep1rn Y A36AH: Ziemia J'emkowska przed p6J'wie­

czem. Aheie 1934. 5IH Cf>aAbKOBCKi - B. narnHH!JbKHH: Na pograniczu

J'emkowsko-bojkowskiem. Aheie 1935.

285

~H ct>aAhKOBcKi: CeAo BoAocaTe, AichKoro noeiTy, CaM6ip 1935.

I. llieMAeH: Z badan nad gwar~ J'emkowsk~. Lud SJ'owianski. T. III. i eiA6HTKa. KpaKie 1934.

~. ·Bep: Die erste Theilung Polens. BiACHb 1873. leaH Eyrepa: YKpa'iHcbKe eeciAAH Ha AeMKieigHHi.

AhBiB 1936 p. EpoHHM AHoHHM: floAbCbKHH naTpioT. (1872).

n " PycKa ,40.1\H. (1880). ,, ,, lliy6eHHtIHHH eepx (1883). ,, ,, BoAbI e Bb1ccoei:. (1892).

feaH Cf>H.l\Hil'IaK: (H leaH 3y6eHKO 1 KHHiKKa:)

" "

" " " "

1. KHHrHHH PoMaHoea. KoAOMHH 1927.

2. 3a C5rn! KoAOMHH 1928. 3. EyAiBHH'IHH .4epmaeH. CaM6ip

1935. _,;j / ,, 4. leaHKO EepAaAHHK. CaM6ip 1936.

,, ,, 5. ,4MHTpo .4eTbKO. Aheie 1935. " " 6. EyTBH'Ii. 1936.

BoAO.<'(HMHp KaAHHa: KypiHb CMepTH YCC, cnoraAH CTapUIHHH. Abeie 1936.

,,Pye~," igoAeHHHK. PiK BHA. XVII, 281, 2, 3, 4 11. ~l.u AeMKo," PiK 1934, 1935, 1936, Aheie.

_, ,,3oAOTHH KoAoc," KaAElHAap Ha 1935 p. Aheie 1935. ,,YKpaiHCbKe IOHagTeo," piK 1935. Aheie. ,,HoeHH lfac," pi11HHK 1934/35. Aheie. ,,HapoAHH Cnpaea," pi'IHHK 1933/34/35. Aheie. · ,,iKHTTH H 3HaHHH" 11.: 7-8. (70-71.) Aheie 1933. ,,flepUia AeMKiBCbKa 4HTaHKa". Ahei.B 1934. AiTonHc ,,4epeoHoi KaAHHH". Aheis 1932. ,,HaUI flpanop" ti:.: 3, 7, 28, 30. Abeie 1933. Ap. Cf:>p. Kpayc: Siidslaven. BiAeHb 1885. r .l\bOI'ep: Obchody weselne. KpaKiB 1869.

0

3MICT: CTopimcH

OepeAMOsa . . ._ . . . . . • . . . . . • • . 1- 8 3axiAni KapaaTCbKi 3eMAi. IJJo TaKe AeMKiaiyHna • 9- 16 KopoTKHii reorpaqfr'IHHH or J\.llA AeMKiaiyHHH . • 17- 39 E1<on0Mi'lui o6cTaeunH AeMKiaiyHHH . . . • • 40- 48 f eorpa<t>i'IHHi:i CUHCOK J\eMKiBCbKHX Micge&ocrei:i 49- 51 npaicTopiJI KapaaTCbKHX 3eMeJ\b 52- 64 Kn.112Ki qacH . . . . . • • . . • 65- 82 Y1<paiHCbKa rpauHgR eiA aaxoAy . . . • 83- 87 KapaaTcbKi 3eMAi aa KaaHMHpa BeAHKoro 88- 98 KopoAiBcbKi apHBiAei • • • . • 99-102 norpaHH'IHi KapaaTCbKi oceAi . . . . • • . 103-135 nauiyH3HRHi qaCH Ta DO'laTOK WKiJ\bHHgTBa . 136-146 AeMKieiyHna a qaci BorAana XMeJ\bHHYbKoro • 147-156 noqaTKH peAiriiiuoro j HagiouaJ\bHOrO BiApOAlKeHHJI

KapaaTCbKHX 0Kpaiu .... . • ... ... 157-167 nepexiA r a.i\H'IHHH paaoM 3 AeMKiB'!!ffHOIO niA

AacTpiio • . • . . . • . . 168-169 noAiJ\ faAH'IHHH • , , .. , . 170-174

' J\eMKiBCbKa BeJ\HKa eMirpagiJI • 175-187 . BHanaqui AeMKiBcbKi AiR'li • • • • 188-200 CaiToaa uiHua 1914-1918 piK . 201-219 AeMKH a uapOAHbOMY apHei . . . • • . 220-223 AiRJ\bHiCTb ,,OpocaiTH" Ha AeMKiaiyHui • 224 - 245 BiAroMiu BH3BOJ\bHHX aMaraHb ua AeMKieiyHHi 246-258 3aKapaaTTJI B icTOpH'IHOMY CBiTAi . . . . . 259- 265 3aKiH'leHHJI • • . • . . • • . . 266-274 noaa6y'IHHl:i CUHCOK MicgeBOCTeH , 275-280 .l\lKepeAa ii AiTepaTypa . 281-285 3MiCT . . . . . . • . . • . . 287

I