Leadership & ManagementLeadership & Management

Discussion for Lesson 13:Discussion for Lesson 13:

Leadership CommunicationLeadership Communication

Lesson 13Lesson 13Reading ObjectivesReading Objectives

1. 1. The student will comprehend and explain the following The student will comprehend and explain the following communication terms:communication terms:

    a. Congruencea. Congruence b.  Frame of referenceb.  Frame of reference c.  Paradigmc.  Paradigm d. Active listeningd. Active listening e.  Impression Managemente.  Impression Management

2. 2. The student will comprehend the process of effective The student will comprehend the process of effective communication. communication.

  

Lesson 13Lesson 13Reading ObjectivesReading Objectives

3. The student will comprehend the importance of 3. The student will comprehend the importance of nonverbal communication and list some of its modes of nonverbal communication and list some of its modes of transmission. transmission.

4. The student will comprehend active listening and how it 4. The student will comprehend active listening and how it impacts the effectiveness of listening. impacts the effectiveness of listening.

  5. The student will comprehend strategies for avoiding 5. The student will comprehend strategies for avoiding

communications problems such as excessive use of communications problems such as excessive use of jargon and gender differences in large organizations. jargon and gender differences in large organizations.

  

Lesson 13Lesson 13Discussion ObjectivesDiscussion Objectives

1. 1. The student will comprehend and explain the The student will comprehend and explain the following communication terms:following communication terms:

    a. Congruencea. Congruence

b.  Frame of referenceb.  Frame of reference

c.  Paradigmc.  Paradigm

d. Active listeningd. Active listening

e.  Impression managemente.  Impression management

Lesson 13Lesson 13Discussion ObjectivesDiscussion Objectives

2. The student will comprehend the importance of 2. The student will comprehend the importance of nonverbal communication and list some of its modes of nonverbal communication and list some of its modes of transmission. transmission.

3. The student will comprehend active listening and how it 3. The student will comprehend active listening and how it impacts the effectiveness of listening. impacts the effectiveness of listening.

  4. The student will comprehend strategies for avoiding 4. The student will comprehend strategies for avoiding

communications problems such as excessive use of communications problems such as excessive use of jargon and gender differences in large organizations. jargon and gender differences in large organizations.

  

Communication TermsCommunication Terms

CongruenceCongruence The consistency of a given message with The consistency of a given message with

previous messages and a leader’s actions.previous messages and a leader’s actions.• Congruence leads followers to “trust” the leader’s Congruence leads followers to “trust” the leader’s

messagemessage A perceived incongruence implies a level of A perceived incongruence implies a level of

dishonesty or sarcasm in the message.dishonesty or sarcasm in the message.• Leaders should avoid sharing transitory feelings Leaders should avoid sharing transitory feelings

with subordinateswith subordinates

Communication Terms (Cont.)Communication Terms (Cont.)

Frame of referenceFrame of reference People perceive words and concepts People perceive words and concepts

differently because their perspectives differ.differently because their perspectives differ.

ParadigmParadigm A model, framework, viewpoint, or A model, framework, viewpoint, or

perspective; a world-view.perspective; a world-view.• A problem can occur when people look at a A problem can occur when people look at a

situation from different paradigms.situation from different paradigms.

Communication Terms (Cont.)Communication Terms (Cont.)

Active ListenerActive Listener Listens intensely, with goal of empathizing Listens intensely, with goal of empathizing

with speaker and providing feedbackwith speaker and providing feedback

Impression ManagementImpression Management To create desired impressions by using To create desired impressions by using

appropriate behaviorsappropriate behaviors

Effective CommunicationEffective Communication

Model of effective communication:Model of effective communication:- Ideation- Ideation- Encoding- Encoding- Decoding- Decoding- Transmission- Transmission- Receiving- Receiving- Understanding- Understanding- Feedback- Feedback- Taking Action- Taking Action

Nonverbal CommunicationNonverbal Communication

Nonverbal behavior impacts message.Nonverbal behavior impacts message. Purpose is to communicate the feeling Purpose is to communicate the feeling

behind the message.behind the message. Transmission modes include environment, Transmission modes include environment,

interpersonal distance, posture, gestures, interpersonal distance, posture, gestures, facial expressions, voice quality and facial expressions, voice quality and personal appearance.personal appearance.

Active ListeningActive Listening

Ensures listener’s attentionEnsures listener’s attention Demands eye-contact and absence of Demands eye-contact and absence of

distractionsdistractions Requires intense listening, empathy with Requires intense listening, empathy with

speaker and feedbackspeaker and feedback

Active Listening (Cont.)Active Listening (Cont.)

Active Listeners should:Active Listeners should: Model nonverbal signals associated with Model nonverbal signals associated with

active listeningactive listening Actively interpret sender’s messageActively interpret sender’s message Be aware of sender’s nonverbal behaviorsBe aware of sender’s nonverbal behaviors Avoid defensivenessAvoid defensiveness

Strategies for Avoiding Strategies for Avoiding Communication ProblemsCommunication Problems

Understand your audienceUnderstand your audience Avoid unnecessary acronyms and jargonAvoid unnecessary acronyms and jargon Understand typical gender differencesUnderstand typical gender differences

Next ClassNext Class

Assertiveness and FeedbackAssertiveness and Feedback Read: Leadership & Management, Read: Leadership & Management,

Chapter 14Chapter 14

SummarySummary

Good leaders are good communicatorsGood leaders are good communicators Communication skills include:Communication skills include:

Effective expressionEffective expression Active ListeningActive Listening AssertivenessAssertiveness FeedbackFeedback

Key issue is congruence of messageKey issue is congruence of message Know your audienceKnow your audience

Questions?Questions?

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