leading & educating in the 21 st century
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Leading & Educating in the 21 st Century. Winona State University Travel Study Program 04.25.2012 Alex A. Erolin. Developments: Late 20 th century. Globalization F oreign trade & investment Technology Communication Mobility Demographic shift Communities Consumers Work force. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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LEADING & EDUCATING IN THE 21ST CENTURYWinona State University
Travel Study Program
04.25.2012
Alex A. Erolin
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Developments: Late 20th century
• Globalization• Foreign trade & investment
• Technology• Communication• Mobility
• Demographic shift• Communities• Consumers• Work force
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U.S. Demographics
• “Browning of America”• Census 2010
• 33% ethnic minorities• 1.2% increase in non-Hispanic
whites• 28.8 % increase in minority
population
• New entrants to US workforce (1988-2000)• 57% non-Hispanic whites• 43% non-whites and
immigrants
• 2042: minority will be the majority
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Impact of Changes
• Diversity• Educators
• Pedagogy/andragogy• Cultural mindsets
• Business leaders• More competition• Product & services• Workforce
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21st Century Educator
• Understand diverse communities
• Connect with diverse population
• Develop cross-cultural talent
• Adapt pedagogic/andragogic style
• Demonstrate respect
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Cultural Intelligence (CQ)• Global mindset
• Able to experience one’s culture (values, beliefs, & behaviors) as “just one organization of reality among many viable possibilities” (Ethnorelativism)
• Intercultural competence• Ability to shift cultural perspective and adapt behavior
• Commonalities• Differences
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Global Mindset
Ethnocentrism(Monocultural)
Ethnorelativism(Intercultural)
• One’s beliefs and values are “central to reality” or “just the way things are”
• Inability to differentiate among cultures
• Judgmental orientation toward other cultures (“Us vs. Them”)
• One’s beliefs and values are just one of many possible constructs of reality
• Recognize relevance of cultural differences
• Increased repertoire of cultural cognitive frameworks and ability to adapt appropriate behaviors
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Diversity Approaches
COMMONALITY
DIFFERENCE
APATHETIC CONFORMITY
FRAGMENTATION
Source: Dr. Mitch Hammer, PhD, IDI LLC. 2009
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Integrating Commonality & Difference
COMMONALITY
DIFFERENCE
FOCUS
INNOVATION
GOAL
Source: Dr. Mitch Hammer, PhD, IDI LLC. 2009
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21st Century Educators
• Cultural transcenders• Ability to transcend
cultural constraints
• Multiculturalists
• Global citizens
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GLOBAL MINDSET AND THE INTERCULTURAL DEVELOPMENT INVENTORY (IDI)
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Intercultural Competence• Milton J. Bennett, Developmental Model of Intercultural
Competence (DMIS)• Developmental sequence of orientation toward cultural differences• Qualitative differences in how we experience other cultures• 6-stage model
• Mitchell R. Hammer, Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI)• Instrument to assess an individual’s primary orientation.• Uses the first 5 stages of Bennett’s DMIS
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Intercultural Development Continuum
Denial• Disinter
est• Avoida
nce
Polarization• Defense• Reversa
l
Minimization• Similarity• Universali
sm
Acceptance
Adaptation• Cognitive
frame-shifting
• Behavioral code-shifting
Source: Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph. D., 2009
Ethnocentrism(mono-cultural mindset)
Ethnorelativism(intercultural mindset)
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Stages of Intercultural Development• Ethnocentrism: one’s beliefs and values are “central to
reality” or “just the way things are”• Denial: inability to differentiate national cultures
• Disinterest • Avoidance
• Polarization: judgmental orientation toward other cultures; “Us vs. Them”• Defense: uncritical view of one’s own cultural values/practices; overly
critical of others’ cultural values/practices• Reversal: overly critical of one’s cultural values/practices; uncritical of
others’ cultural values/practices
• Minimization: may recognize commonalities and differences; but, emphasis is on commonalities• If from a dominant culture group, may lack cultural self-awareness• If from a minority culture group, may use as strategy of accommodation
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• Ethnorelativism: one’s beliefs and values are just one of the many possible constructs of reality• Acceptance: recognizes relevance of cultural differences but
unclear how to adapt appropriately• Adaptation: increased repertoire of cultural cognitive frameworks;
able to apply appropriate behaviors to bridge cultural commonalities and differences
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Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI)
• Captures developmental experience• Cross-culturally valid and reliable
• Psychometric protocols• Over 4,500 respondents from a wide range of cultural backgrounds
• 50-question assessment• Snapshot of predominant orientation• Not evaluative, but descriptive
• Neither “good” nor “bad”
• Informs an action plan for developing intercultural competence
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Timeline
Activity Date Location
Introductory session on Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI): 1 hour
25-Apr-12WSU campus
Participants complete questionnaire: 30-45 minutes
25-Apr-12 to 2-May-12
Online
Individual IDI assessment and feedback: 30-45 minutes
2-May-12 to 9-May-12
To be arranged
Intercultural Competence Workshop: 2 hours
12-May-12St. Paul, MN
Close-out session: 1 hour 19-May-12St. Paul, MN
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Completing the IDI v.3 Assessment• Online assessment
• Link with access information will be sent to your email
• Find some quiet and relaxed time
• Allocate 30-45 minutes for the assessment
• Answer as candidly as possible• Avoid over-analysis
• Supplemental reading materials• To be emailed
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“Verite en-deça des Pyrenees, erreur au-dela.”
- Blaise Pascal
[There are truths on this side of the Pyrenees which are falsehoods on the other].
THANK YOU!
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ReferencesBennett, M. J. (2004). Becoming interculturally competent. In J. S. Wurzel (Ed.), Toward multiculturalism: A reader in multicultural education. Newton, MA: Intercultural Resource Corporation.
Cohen, S. L. (2010). Effective global leadership requires a global mindset. Industrial and Commercial Training, 42(1), 3-10. doi:10.1108/00197851011013652.
Hammer, M. R., Bennett, M. J., & Wiseman, R. (2003). Measuring intercultural sensitivity: The intercultural development inventory. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 27, 421-443.
Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., de Luque, M. S., & House, R. J. (2006). In the eye of the beholder: Cross cultural lessons in leadership from Project GLOBE. Academy of Management, 67-90.
Livermore, D. (2010). Leading with cultural intelligence. New York: American Management Association.
McCuiston, V. E., & Wooldridge, B. R. (2004). Leading the diverse workforce: Profit, prospects and progress. The Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 25(1), 73-92. doi:10.1108/01437730410512787.
Nixon, J. C., & West, J. F. (2000). America addresses work force diversity. Business Forum, 15(1/2), 4-9.
Northouse, P. G. (2010). Leadership: Theory and practice (5th ed.). Los Angeles: Sage.
Perez, A. D. (2009). The changing racial and ethnic composition of the US population: Emerging American identities. Population and Development Review, 35(1), 1-51.
Russette, J. W., & Preziosi, R. (2008). Leadership across cultures. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 7, 47-61.