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Environmental impactsLO: to understand the

environmental impacts of transporting products

This is a ‘cartoon’ taken from the Economist.

What’s the message? What underlying themes are there?

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@bwhums #geog #yr10

Which modes of transport will be used along the supply chain route of the iPhone?

Transport of raw materials

Domestic transport of product

International transport of cargo

Consumer travel to the shops

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Transportation is essential. But what are the impacts?

Burns fossil fuels – increased emissions of nitrous oxide and CO2 – global warming

Pollutants and particulates released increase air pollution – impacts on health

Congestion – economic cost

Destruction of greenfield sites - urban sprawl as roads built connecting cities

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• Waste water from ship is discarded; this includes cleaning chemicals

• Ballast water (used to stabilise the ship) contaminates ecosystems with non-native and exotic species

• Ships can be a collision hazard to marine mammals

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So…how do we get these

…from here…

…to here?

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kgs of CO2 produced per km of travel

Air – 0.8063Truck – 0.1693Sea – 0.0403

You’re going to use this information to suggest the best form of transport (and route) for the iPhone to get to the UK from its assembly point in Shenzen, China.

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A key geographical skill is to interpret and understand proportional symbol diagrams. You may need to create

these in your CA next year

This very simple proportional arrow diagram shows the (fictitious) exports of ‘Iron Bru’ from Glasgow to Germany, France and Morocco.

The wider the arrow the higher the exports.

Key1mm = 500 crates

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There are three possible routes to take

1. Route 1• Guangdong, China to Valencia, Spain via Suez Canal –

15,595km• Valencia, Spain to Dover, England – 2149km

2. Route 2• Guangdong, China to Anchorage, USA – 9,106km• Anchorage USA, to Newark, USA – 5,395km• Newark, USA to Dover, England – 6,033km

3. Route 3• Guangdong, USA to Dover, England (direct) – 9,525km

Air – 0.8063Truck – 0.1693Sea – 0.0403

1. Calculate the CO2 emissions for each journey.2. Draw arrows for each leg of the journey – remember fatter arrows

= more emissions3. Annotate around your map other impacts (e.g. possible

congestion)

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TaskHave a go at the following exam questions

1. Describe the purpose of a proportional symbol diagram. [2 marks]

2. With reference to a named product, describe the impacts of transporting it from the producer to consumer. [6 marks]

3. Identify two features of the informal sector. [2 marks]4. Explain why TNCs choose to locate their factories in LEDCs.

[4 marks]

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Self assessmentDescribe the purpose of a proportional symbol diagram. [2 marks]

Scales symbols relative to data value at a locationE.g. - The larger the value the larger the symbolE.g. – Proportional arrows also show the direction of the flow of something

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Self assessmentWith reference to a named product, describe the impacts of transporting it from the producer to consumer. [6 marks]

Clear purposeful summary of the impacts, categorised into social, economic and environmental.

Ideas may include – CO2 emissions result in pollution = health problems / enhanced greenhouse effect and global warming

3x L2 responses = 6 marks

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Self assessmentIdentify two features of the informal sector. [2 marks]

Poor payUnregulated incomeOften outdoorsMay be illegalOften employs young children

2x1 statement = 2 marks

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Self assessmentExplain why TNCs choose to locate their factories in LEDCs. [4 marks]

Clear purposeful summary of the reasons why TNCs locate in LEDCs.Response may relate to access to raw materials reduces transport costsTNCs can take advantage of cheaper labour, fewer environmental regulations or unregulated health and safety laws

3x L2 responses = 6 marks