8/17/2019 Lec 05 Interchanges

1/10

 

Jceuaty hj Gknmkggrmkn - 5rb 

 ]gcr   >4

Rrcjjme Gkn. Nrcbg Ugpcrctgb Mktgrsgetmhks 37 ―3:

Br. Jmrcs @. Cscb

Mk t`ms ageturg6

---------------------

3- Bgsmnk Trmkempags

8/17/2019 Lec 05 Interchanges

2/10

 

Jceuaty hj Gknmkggrmkn - 5rb 

 ]gcr   >3

Rrcjjme Gkn. Nrcbg Ugpcrctgb Mktgrsgetmhks 37 ―3:

Br. Jmrcs @. Cscb

8/17/2019 Lec 05 Interchanges

3/10

 

Jceuaty hj Gknmkggrmkn - 5rb 

 ]gcr   ><

Rrcjjme Gkn. Nrcbg Ugpcrctgb Mktgrsgetmhks 37 ―3:

Br. Jmrcs @. Cscb

:. \hcb-Wsgr Lgkgjmts ―^`gk mktgre`ckngs crg bgsmnkgb ckb hpgrctgb gjjmemgktay,

t`gy smnkmjmecktay rgbueg t`g trcvga tmig ckb ehsts w`gk ehipcrgb th ct-nrcbg

mktgrsgetmhks. R`grgjhrg, ck mktgre`ckng ms wcrrcktgb mj ck ckcaysms rgvgcas t`ct

rhcb-usgr lgkgjmts wmaa gxeggb t`g ehsts hvgr t`g sgrvmeg amjg hj t`g mktgre`ckng.

5- Hvgrpcss ckb Wkbgrpcss \hcbwcys

5-3 Ngkgrca Bgsmnk Ehksmbgrctmhks

C bgtcmagb stuby s`huab lg icbg ct gce` prhphsgbد

 نغج

`mn`wcy nrcbg sgpcrctmhk

th bgtgrimkg w`gt`gr t`g icohr rhcbwcy s`huab lg ecrrmgb hvgr hr ukbgr t`g

erhssrhcbال 

 ق قطدش

 قطدآل

. Cs c ruag, c bgsmnk t`ct lgst jmts ي

 ب ق

 ني ن

 د

  آلقت

t`g gxmstmkn

thphnrcp`y ms cash t`g ihst pagcsmkn آلقت د تنئقآل  ckb gehkhimeca hkg th ehkstruet ckb

icmktcmk. R`grg crg icky smtuctmhks w`grg nrcbg sgpcrctmhks crg ehkstruetgb

wmt`hut t`g prhvmsmhk جتمآل     hj rcips هش يت دة ط  . Acefmkn c sumtclag rgahectmhk pack jhr

t`g erhssrhcb, c `mn`wcy nrcbg sgpcrctmhk wmt`hut rcips icy lg prhvmbgb. Caa

brmvgrs bgsmrmkn th turk th hr jrhi t`ct rhcb crg rgqumrgb th usg ht`gr gxmstmkn rhutgs

ckb gktgr hr agcvg t`g `mn`wcy ct ht`gr ahectmhks. R`ms shigtmigs rgqumrgs

trcvgaamkn c ahkn gxtrc bmstckeg mk rurca crgcs.

5-< Wkbgrpcss rhcbwcys

Wkbgrpcss ms usucaay bgjmkgb cs c nrcbg sgpcrctmhk w`grg t`g suloget ecrrmcngwcy

pcssgs ukbgr ck mktgrsgetmkn ecrrmcngwcy hr rcmawcy. Jhr gce` ukbgrpcss, t`g typg hj

strueturg usgb s`huab lg bgtgrimkgb ly t`g bmigksmhkca, ahcb, jhukbctmhk, ckb

ngkgrca smtg kggbsئ

 خجآلئت

jhr t`ct pcrtmeuacr ahectmhk. Mt ms bgsmrclag t`ct t`g gktmrg

rhcbwcy erhss sgetmhk bhgs kht e`ckng t`rhun` t`g strueturg. @hwgvgr, rgbuetmhk

mk t`g erhss sgetmhk icy lg kggbgb jhr strueturca, vgrtmeca eagcrckeg6 ckb ehst

ermtgrmc.

8/17/2019 Lec 05 Interchanges

4/10

 

Jceuaty hj Gknmkggrmkn - 5rb 

 ]gcr   >5

Rrcjjme Gkn. Nrcbg Ugpcrctgb Mktgrsgetmhks 37 ―3:

Br. Jmrcs @. Cscb

5-5 Hvgrpcss rhcbwcys

Hvgrpcss eck lg bgjmkgb cs c nrcbg sgpcrctmhk w`grg t`g suloget ecrrmcngwcy

pcssgs hvgr ck mktgrsgetmkn ecrrmcngwcy hr rcmawcy. R`g rhcbwcy bmigksmhkca bgsmnk

hj ck hvgrpcss hr ht`gr lrmbng s`huab lg t`g scig cs t`ct hj t`g lcsme rhcbwcy. R`g

lrmbng s`huab lg bgsmnkgb wmt`hut e`ckng mk erhss-sgetmhk bmigksmhks, ukagss bug

th ehst-rgactgb jcethrs. Hvgrpcssgs usucaay crg bgef strueturgs. Rypmeca hvgrpcss

strueturgs crg s`hwk mk Jmnurg (3) lgahw.

8/17/2019 Lec 05 Interchanges

5/10

 

Jceuaty hj Gknmkggrmkn - 5rb 

 ]gcr   >2

Rrcjjme Gkn. Nrcbg Ugpcrctgb Mktgrsgetmhks 37 ―3:

Br. Jmrcs @. Cscb

2- Mktgre`ckngs

R`grg crg sgvgrca lcsme mktgre`ckng ehkjmnurctmhks جض قآليت    th ceehiihbctg turkmkn

ihvgigkts ct c nrcbg sgpcrctmhk. R`g typg hj ehkjmnurctmhk usgb ms bgtgrimkgb ly

t`g kuilgr hj mktgrsgetmhk agns, gxpgetgb vhauigs hj t`rhun` ckb turkmkn

ihvgigkts, typg hj truef trcjjme, thphnrcp`y, euaturg, bgsmnk ehktrhas, ckb prhpgr

smnkmkn. Gxcipags hj mktgre`ckng ehkjmnurctmhks mkeaubmkn t`rgg- ckb jhur-agn

mktgrsgetmhks crg s`hwk lgahw?

2-3 R`rgg-Agn Mktgre`ckngsCash fkhwk cs R- hr ]-mktgre`ckngs, crg usucaay prhvmbgb w`grg icohr `mn`wcys

lgnmk hr gkb. R`rgg-agn mktgre`ckngs s`huab lg ehksmbgrgb w`gk juturg gxpcksmhk

th t`g ukusgb qucbrckt ms ukamfgay. R`rgg-agn mktgre`ckngs crg vgry bmjjmeuat th

gxpckb, ihbmjy, hr ht`grwmsg rgtrhjmtآلطئر جضقآلمم cs c jhur agn jcemamty.

R`g truipgt typg  (wmt` c smknag strueturg) ms s`hwk mk Jmnurg (

8/17/2019 Lec 05 Interchanges

6/10

 

Jceuaty hj Gknmkggrmkn - 5rb 

 ]gcr   >7

Rrcjjme Gkn. Nrcbg Ugpcrctgb Mktgrsgetmhks 37 ―3:

Br. Jmrcs @. Cscb

C juaay bmrgetmhkca mktgre`ckng  آلجت ئنال ققم  s`hwk mk Jmnurg (

8/17/2019 Lec 05 Interchanges

7/10

 

Jceuaty hj Gknmkggrmkn - 5rb 

 ]gcr   >:

Rrcjjme Gkn. Nrcbg Ugpcrctgb Mktgrsgetmhks 37 ―3:

Br. Jmrcs @. Cscb

2-< Jhur-Agn Mktgre`ckngs

Mktgre`ckngs wmt` jhur mktgrsgetmhk agns icohray mkeaubg t`g jhaahwmkn

ehkjmnurctmhks? (3) bmcihkb mktgre`ckngs 

ال

 قنئش , (

8/17/2019 Lec 05 Interchanges

8/10

 

Jceuaty hj Gknmkggrmkn - 5rb 

 ]gcr   >>

Rrcjjme Gkn. Nrcbg Ugpcrctgb Mktgrsgetmhks 37 ―3:

Br. Jmrcs @. Cscb

R`g prmicry bmscbvcktcngs

(

8/17/2019 Lec 05 Interchanges

9/10

 

Jceuaty hj Gknmkggrmkn - 5rb 

 ]gcr   >0

Rrcjjme Gkn. Nrcbg Ugpcrctgb Mktgrsgetmhks 37 ―3:

Br. Jmrcs @. Cscb

@hwgvgr, t`gsg mktgre`ckngs mktrhbueg sgvgrca ukbgsmrclag hpgrctmhkca jgcturgs

sue` cs (3) bhulag gxmts ckb gktrckegs jrhi t`g icmkamkg, (

8/17/2019 Lec 05 Interchanges

10/10

 

Jceuaty hj Gknmkggrmkn - 5rb 

 ]gcr   >=

Rrcjjme Gkn. Nrcbg Ugpcrctgb Mktgrsgetmhks 37 ―3:

Br. Jmrcs @. Cscb

Juaay Bmrgetmhkca Mktgre`ckng  ― Ck mktgre`ckng w`grg caa agjt-turkmkn ihvgigkts

crg prhvmbgb ly bmrget ehkkgetmhks. Juaay bmrgetmhkca mktgre`ckngs crg ngkgrcaay

prgjgrrgb w`grg

Bmrget hr sgim-bmrget ehkkgetmhks crg usgb jhr `gcvy agjt-turk ihvgigkts th rgbueg

trcvga bmstckeg, mkergcsg spggb ckb ecpcemty, ckb gamimkctg wgcvmkn. Gxcipags hj

bmrget ckb sgim-bmrget mktgre`ckngs crg s`hwk mk Jmnurg >.

twh `mn`-vhauig jrggwcys mktgrsget. ^`mag juaay bmrgetmhkca

mktgre`ckngs crg ehstay th ehkstruet bug th ck mkergcsgb kuilgr hj lrmbng erhssmkns,

t`gy hjjgr `mn` ecpcemty ihvgigkts jhr lht` t`rhun` ckb turkmkn trcjjme wmt`

rgactmvgay amttag cbbmtmhkca crgc kggbgb jhr ehkstruetmhk.