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CS414:

Computer Center

Management

Lecture #2: Computer Applications

Dr. Ghada Abdelhady

الوعهد العالى لعلىم الحاسب و نظن الوعلىهات

High Institute for Computer and information system

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Objectives

John Von Neuman's Concepts

Current Computer Applications

Types of Computer Applications

Computer Programming Languages

John Von Neuman's Concepts of Computing

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Memory is to contain data & instructions together

Only one instruction is to be executed at a time

Current Computer Applications

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Current Computer Applications are based on Von Neuman's concepts of computing,

Computer systems now are called Multi-programming or Multi-tasking systems.

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Interactive System

the system that interact with users as soon as

requests are made.

Fault-tolerant System

the system that needs redundancy to ensure no

interruption to the system processing,

Parallel Systems (Vector Computer or Mathematic

Computer)

Systems that are used processing with standardized

format at the same time, which are mostly used for

Scientific Tasks/Applications.

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Clustered Computers

Supercomputer

(Cray Research Lab &Silicon Graphic Institution

(SGI).

Systems in Banking Operations

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Types of Computer Applications

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Distributed vs. Centralized Systems

Centralized Systems Distributed Systems

Allow better usage as all data and

applications are standardized

throughout.

Organization Better controlled and

Managed Better Security as all data

and processing tasks are performed

and kept at the central location.

No data or application redundancy as

the whole system is managed by the

main computer at central location.

Dependence: If the main system fails,

everything stops

Suit specific needs of all units within

the organizations.

Independence: no harm to other unit if

one fails.

Difficulties in communication and data

exchange between units due to

nonstandardized systems and data

design.

Redundancy of data and applications

are likely.

As all data are distributed, data security

is the major issues.

Computer Programing Languages

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Generation Discussion

First Generation Machine Language - directly executable by the computer

Second Generation Assembly Language - low-level language similar to

machine language but more understandable by humans, is

transformed to machine language by an assembler program

Third Generation High-level language, which is procedural in format, is

transformed into machine language by a compiler,

examples include COBOL, FORTRAN, Pascal

Forth Generation High-level language, which is non-procedural, meaning

that the programmer specifies what to do, not how to do it;

most fourth generation languages are interpreted where

source code is changed to machine code on a line-by-line

interactive basis

Fifth Generation The evolving languages that are based on natural

languages such as English; the user can "talk" to the

computer as one would to another person

Decision Support Systems (DSS)

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Systems designed to aid managers in making quality

decisions.

Particularly helpful for unstructured problems

Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS)

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Thank you for listening.

Dr. Ghada Abdelhady