lect 2 factors affecting communication.pptx

7/30/2019 lect 2 Factors Affecting Communication.pptx

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Factors that AffectCommunication

Lecture 2


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Problems/Barriers ofcommunication


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Introduction

Communication is an act or instance oftransmitting or the information communicatedthrough a verbal or written message .

By definition, this doesn't sound like a difficult

act to perform.

After all, it's basically just an exchange of words.

However, there are certain barriers that can

prevent effective communication from takingplace, which can lead to a variety of problemsboth personally and professionally if not brokendown and resolved.


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Broadly problems occur due to..

Conventions of meaning

Perceptions of reality

Values, attitudes and opinion


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Conventions of Meaning

Symbols are sings for things that exist Connections between signs and their

referents are unique to each individual

Denotations, connotations and euphemism


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Perception of reality

Human being sensory perceptions arelimited and each persons mental filter isunique

We make various abstractions, inferencesand evaluations of the world around us

V l Attit d d


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Values , Attitudes andOpinions

Favourable and unfavorable information Closed minds

Senders Credibility

Personal mood of the sender / receiver


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Nonverbal Communication

Non verbal messages often contradict theverbal

Appearance

Body language Silence, time and space


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Communication problems.

from senders side

Lack of planning

Vagueness about the purpose ofcommunication

Objectives to be achieved

Choice of wrong language, resulting in badlyencoded message

Unshared & unclarified assumptions Different perception of reality

Wrong choice of the channel


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Barriers - Receiver

Poor listener

Inattention

Mistrust

Lack of interest

Premature evaluation

Semantic Difficulties

Bias /Lack of trust

Different perception of reality

Attitudinal clash with sender

Not in a fit physical state


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Barriers Receiver cont.

Selective Perception Unwillingness to Change

Lack of Interest in the Topic/Subject

Prejudice & Belief System Rebuttal Instincts

Personal Value System

Here-and-Now internal & external factors


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Common barrier .

both sender & receiver

Absence of a common frame of reference

Affects smooth interpretation of thoughts,feelings and attitudes from the sender to thereceiver in a specific social situation

A well-defined social context in whichcommunication takes place enables both the

sender & receiver to perceive the content ofcommunication in a similar way with similarimplications and meaning.


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Common barrier both sender & receiver

Physical noise & other faults in surroundings& instruments of transmission of message

relate mainly to the channel They may not distort the overall meaning of

the total message to be communicated

Most listed barriers are easy to understand,but some still need explanation .


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Barriers Wrong & unclarified3

assumptions

All communications are made under someassumptions, which are never communicated

They may turn out wrong & cause communication

failure E.g. we often assume that others

See the situation as we do

Should feel about the situation as we doThink about the matter as we do

Understand the message as we understand it


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Conditions for successful.

communication

Communication is to share informationwith others in an intelligible,participative form through the medium

of words / body gestures / othersymbolic signs


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Rule of Five Keith Davis

Role of receiver as important as that of sender5 Receiver steps

Communication incomplete & unsuccessful if notobserved

Receive Understand Use

Feedback

Accept


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Rule of Five Keith Davis

Communication is successful when The message is properly understood

The purpose of the sender is

fulfilled The sender & receiver of the message

remain linked through feedback


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Barriers in Communication.

(that have to do with the COMMUNICATOR)

Unwillingness to say things differently

Unwillingness to relate to others differently

Unwillingness to learn new approaches Lack of Self-Confidence

Lack of Enthusiasm

Voice quality

Prejudice


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Barriers in Communication(that have to do with the COMMUNICATOR)

Disagreement between verbal and non-verbal messages

Negative Self Image

Lack of Feedback Lack of Motivation and Training

Language and Vocabulary Level

Lack of Self Awareness


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External Barriers in.

Communication

Environment

The venue

The effect of noise Temperature in the room

Mood

Other People Status, Education, competition

Time


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5 Basic reasons we Do Not Listen

Listening is Hard Work Superiority Complex

Overconfidence

Disinterested

Competition

The Rush for Action

Lack of Training


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Improving Listening Skills

By not being Preoccupied Being Open Minded & Non Defensive

Minimizing Interruptions

Effective Listening is: Hearing, interpretingwhen necessary, understanding the messageand relating to it.

By Asking Questions

Li t f F t th t ff t


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List of Factors that affectcommunication

Noise Lack of clarity

Prejudice

Personal perceptions/attitudes

Body orientation, posture, distance,appearance, facial expression, eye contact,

gestures etc.

Physical discomfort


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Language

Lack of Listening Skills

Physical Distractions

Medium of communication Content/context

Distance

Past experience (attitudes, beliefs, values)

Assumptions about how people behave

Expectations


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Knowledge Knowledge about someone

Personal moods

Difference in age and sex

Misinterpretation

Quality of the messages

Personal pre-occupation

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