lecture 1 introduction - nus computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · average weekly...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Lecture 1
Introduction
12 August, 2011
1
![Page 3: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Office HourFri 4 - 6pmAS6 05-14
3
![Page 4: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Required Textbook
$47.90
$52.20
4
![Page 5: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Average Weekly Workload(your milage may vary)
Preparation6 hr
Lab1 hr
Tutorial1 hr
Lecture2 hr
Note that NUS officially lists the workload as 2-1-1-0-4 which is a typo (it does not add up to 10!)
pre-class activitiesreading lab exercisestutorial questionspreparing notesetc.
5
![Page 6: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Assessment
Midterm20%
Lab30%
Exam50%
6
![Page 7: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
October 2011Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1516 17 18 19 20 21 2223 24 25 26 27 28 2930 31
Important Dates November 2011Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1213 14 15 16 17 18 1920 21 22 23 24 25 2627 28 29 30
midterm final
7
![Page 8: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
midterm and final are semi-open book(one 2-sided A4 sheet)
8
![Page 9: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Lecture Format
1200-1400
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
2545545
Lecture Break Lecture Dismiss
9
![Page 10: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
slides will be posted1-2 days before lecture
but
10
![Page 11: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
no lecture notes will be provided
11
![Page 12: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
students are expected to take
notes during lecture
12
![Page 13: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
students are expected to read the assigned readings
13
![Page 14: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
no “model” answer will be posted
14
![Page 15: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
blog.nus.edu.sg/cs2106
15
![Page 16: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
your responsibility: check for update frequently
(hint: subscribe via email or RSS)
16
![Page 17: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
do participate in online discussion
(and use your real name!)
17
![Page 18: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
screencast will be posted
18
![Page 19: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
but expect 3-4 days delay and technical glitches do
occur
(not a good reason to skip lecture)
19
![Page 20: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
pre-class activities
20
![Page 21: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
simple activities for you to do / think about before attending lecture.
might help improve your understanding in class
online discussion only
21
![Page 22: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
tutorials
22
![Page 23: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
a set of questions asked each week
23
![Page 24: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
you are expected to think through the answers
before the attending thetutorial sessions
24
![Page 25: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
we will discuss your answers during tutorial sessions
we will conclude each discussion with the correct / best answer
25
![Page 26: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
labs
26
![Page 27: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
one lab exercise (almost) every week
27
![Page 28: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
can do it at your own time
some are ungraded
28
![Page 29: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
lab sessions:
1. lab TAs available for assistance
2. discuss lab answers from past labs
29
![Page 30: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
some lab and tutorial questions are meant to let you discover
new knowledge yourself
(only if you think through the answers)
30
![Page 31: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
warning: I am brutal in penalizing students who do not following instructions exactlyfor lab submissions
31
![Page 32: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
feedbackwhat your seniors from 2010
think of CS2106
32
![Page 33: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
31% find CS2106“Very Difficult”
Average is 14% for other 2000-level modules
33
![Page 34: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
lots of stuff to learn
“The scope of the module is quite large.”
“Too much content in too little time.”
34
![Page 35: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
the labs are difficult
“.. lab sessions can sometimes be really difficult hence time consuming.”
“The weekly labs can be quite stressful.”
35
![Page 36: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
but useful for learning“weekly labs ensure that students really understand the concepts introduced in the lecture.”
“Labs are tough, but it is through the labs which I feel I learnt the most from”
“However the labs are also the real place that we actually learn”
36
![Page 37: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
independent learning“The teaching material and most importantly style, is very conducive to independent learning”
“Also get chance to acquire independent learning through reading man page and google search”
“strengths: encourage a LOT of self-study”
37
![Page 38: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
what is
CS2106about?
38
![Page 39: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
NOT about how to use Mac OS X, MS Windows,
Linux etc.
39
![Page 40: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
about basic concepts and design principles
in OS
40
![Page 41: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
many different variations: for different OS
and different architecture
41
![Page 42: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
but same concepts and principles
42
![Page 43: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
why should I learn
OS ?
43
![Page 44: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
I am not going to write another OS!
44
![Page 45: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
CS2106 is important because
45
![Page 46: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
complex software
46
![Page 47: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
abstraction + interface design
47
![Page 48: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
concurrency
48
![Page 49: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
resource management
49
![Page 50: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
understand performance issues
50
![Page 51: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
#define SIZE 10000int a[SIZE][SIZE];
for (i = 0; i < size; i++) for (j = 0; j < size; j++) a[i][j] = 0;
51
![Page 52: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
#define SIZE 10000int a[SIZE][SIZE];
for (i = 0; i < size; i++) for (j = 0; j < size; j++) a[j][i] = 0;
52
![Page 53: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
My computer is slow. Should I upgrade to
A. a faster CPUB. more CPU coreB. a faster harddiskC. a bigger harddiskD. more memoryE. faster memory
53
![Page 54: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
what to learn from OS course (beside OS):
1. complex systems2. abstraction + interface design3. concurrency4. resource management5. performance issues
54
![Page 55: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Assumed Background
55
![Page 56: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
UNIX and C
56
![Page 57: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
why UNIX?(Linux, Mac OS X, Sun OS etc.)
57
![Page 58: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
need a concrete example for the concepts and principles
taught in CS2106
58
![Page 59: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
many OS concepts are cleanly manifested in UNIX
59
![Page 60: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
source code are available
60
![Page 61: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
why C?
61
![Page 62: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
UNIX is written (mostly) in C
62
![Page 63: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
intermediate-level language (e.g., explicit memory allocation,
bits manipulation)
63
![Page 64: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
CS2100Computer
Organization
64
![Page 65: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
how a program is executed
a brief review
65
![Page 66: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
to build and run a program:
linkpre-process load
foo.c
compile
foo.o a.out
memory
66
![Page 67: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
CPU
programcounter
Memory
data
code
stack
67
![Page 68: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Loop:
1. fetch instruction located at PC2. decode instruction3. fetch data4. execute instruction and update PC
68
![Page 69: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
int main(){ int x = 1; foo(x); x = x + 1;}
int foo(int x){ : :}
69
![Page 70: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
int main(){ int x = 1; foo(x); x = x + 1;}
int foo(int x){ int y = x+1; bar(y);}
int bar(int x){ : :}
70
![Page 71: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
CPU
programcounter
Memory
data
code
stack
71
![Page 72: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
CPU
programcounter
Memory
stackpointer
framepointer
data
code
stack
72
![Page 73: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
stack
data
code
CPU
Memory
function parameterslocal variables
saved frame pointerreturn address
CPU
programcounter
stackpointer
framepointer
73
![Page 74: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
OSOperating Systems
74
![Page 75: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
operating system
compilers editors shell...
browser calendar media player...
machine language
microarchitecture
physical devices
75
![Page 76: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
The OS is a layer of software that manages processors, storage and I/O devices and provide simple interfaces to the hardware to user programs.
76
![Page 77: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
OS is everywhere
77
![Page 78: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
phone, car, robot, router, media player, game console, ..
78
![Page 79: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
1. read a number from a storage2. print the number to screen
consider the simple program:
how to code in a world without OS?
79
![Page 80: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
is the number stored on a CD, thumbdrive, harddisk..?
location of the number on the storage?
is another program writing to the number at the same time?
80
![Page 81: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
what graphics chip is the system using?
what is the display resolution?
is another process displaying something at the same location?
81
![Page 82: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
OS hides all these details from programmers
82
![Page 83: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
x = read_number(“ file.txt ”);print(x);
83
![Page 84: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
OS as an extended
machine
84
![Page 85: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
operating system
compilers editors shell...
browser calendar media player...
file display keyboard mouse printer battery socket
85
![Page 86: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
operating system (a.k.a kernel)
compilers editors shell..
browser calendar media player..
file display keyboard mouse printer battery socket
user mode
kernel mode
86
![Page 87: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
interfaces provided by OS are known as system calls
87
![Page 88: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
a bit in the program status word (PSW) keeps track of the current mode (user or kernel mode)
88
![Page 89: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
a system call is similar to a procedure call except:
1.a special instruction sets the kernel mode bit in PSW before executing the system call
89
![Page 90: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
2.a special instruction sets the user mode bit in PSW after executing the system call
90
![Page 91: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
3. CPU executes the OS “system call handler” for a given system call
(more details later..)
91
![Page 92: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
stack
data
code
CPU
Memory
function parameterslocal variables
saved frame pointerreturn address
CPU
programcounter
stackpointer
framepointer
kernel
programstatus word
92
![Page 93: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
In user mode, certain privileged instructions cannot be executed, certain addresses cannot be accessed etc.
In kernel mode, there is no restriction.
93
![Page 94: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
operating system (a.k.a kernel)
compilers editors shell..
browser calendar media player..
file display keyboard mouse printer battery socket
user mode
kernel mode
94
![Page 95: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
OS as a resource manager
95
![Page 96: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
operating system
disk space RAM processor cycles
network bandwidth
screen estate
batterypower ....
96
![Page 97: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
suppose that
the computer runs one task at a time, always completing it before running another task ?
97
![Page 98: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
a task always have full use of all resources.
not efficient since not all resources are fully utilized at all time (e.g., CPU is idle when I/O is performed).
98
![Page 99: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
suppose that
the computer keeps multiple tasks in the memory. When the running task is idle, switch to another task (multi-programming)
99
![Page 100: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
now, resources are shared among the tasks.
how does CPU switch from one task to another?
how to prevent one task from corrupting the memory of another task?
100
![Page 101: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
what if there are multiple users using the system, and there is one CPU intensive task?
101
![Page 102: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
The computer keeps multiple tasks in the memory and switch between them frequently (regardless of whether the task is idle) (time-sharing)
102
![Page 103: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
time-multiplexing: CPU, printer
space-multiplexing: memory, disk, screen
103
![Page 104: Lecture 1 Introduction - NUS Computingooiwt/cs2106/1112s1/cs2106-lec01-intro.pdf · Average Weekly Workload (your milage may vary) Preparation 6 hr Lab 1 hr Tutorial 1 hr Lecture](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052609/5b05a4e57f8b9ac33f8b9a80/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
OS is an extended machine
anda resource manager
104