arly Medievaland

omanesqu

e Europe

Map of Western Europe, ca. 1100

Early Medieval: Hiberno-SaxonDates and Places: • 7th-9th century• British Isles

People:• Christians• In monasteries• Working in scriptoria • Living in isolation Crucifixion, Lindau Gospels,

ca. 870, Switzerland Fig. 6-1.

Early Medieval: Hiberno-SaxonThemes: • Gospel books (New

Testament)• Symbolic imagesForms:• Interlace inherited from

warrior lords• Stylized human and animal

forms• Illuminations• Tempera on vellum Chi-rho-iota page, Book of Kells,

late eighth or early ninth century. Scotland, Fig. 6-4.

Book of

Kells

Chi-rho-iota page (details)Book of Kellslate 8th or early 9th century tempera on vellumFig. 6-4.

Early Medieval: Hiberno-Saxon

Carpet page, Lindisfarne Gospels, ca. 698–721.

Fig. 6-3.

Early Medieval: Hiberno-Saxon• Illuminated

manuscript

• Tempera on vellum

• Carpet page before gospel text

• Cross & interlace with zoomorphic forms (serpentine animals)

• No narrative Carpet page, Lindisfarne Gospels, ca. 698–721, England, Fig. 6-3.

Lindisfarne Gospels

Carpet page, Lindisfarne Gospels (details)

ca. 698–721. Fig. 6-3.

Early Medieval vs. Islamic Art

Mihrab from the Madrasa Imami Iran, ca. 1354. Fig. 5-11.

Carpet page, Lindisfarne Gospels, ca. 698–721. Fig. 6-3.

Early Medieval: CarolingianDates and Places: • 800-900• France

People:• Charlemagne, Holy

Roman Emperor• Revival of Roman

Empire• Importance of

learningSaint Matthew, Coronation Gospels (Gospel Book of

Charlemagne, ca. 800–810. Aachen, Germany, Fig. 6-5.

Early Medieval: CarolingianThemes: • Gospel books• MonasteryForms:• Illusionism• Local traditions• Monastic

compound with basilica

• Classical styles Saint Matthew, Ebbo Gospels, ca. 816–835. Fig. 6-6.

Seated Scribeca. 2600 BCE

Egyptian

Early Medieval:

Carolingian

Palatine Chapel of Charlemagne, 792–805 CE, Aachen, Germany

Fig. 6-8.Plan of the Palatine Chapel,

792–805. Fig. 6-7.

Early Medieval: Carolingian• Central plan inspired

by Ravenna

• Byzantine style

• Renewal of architecture of Christian Rome

• Charlemagne’s palace chapel

Plan of the Palatine Chapel, 792–805. Fig. 6-7.

Roman & Byzantine Architecture

ANTHEMIUS OF TRALLES and ISIDORUS OF MILETUS, Hagia Sophia, 532–537. Fig. 4-11.

Façade & restored cutaway view of the Pantheon, 118-125CE. Fig. 3-38.

Early Medieval:

OttonianDates and Places: • 900-1000• France

People:• Heirs of Charlemagne• Inspired by Rome

Crucifix, ca. 970. Cologne Cathedral, Germany, Fig. 6-13.

Early Medieval: OttonianThemes: • Biblical themes• ChurchForms:• Stylized and

conceptual figures• Expressive

exaggeration• Basilica • Monumental sculpture Section and plan Saint Michael’s,

1001–1031, Hildesheim, GermanyFig. 6-11.

Early Medieval:

Ottonian

Saint Michael’s,1001–1031. Fig. 6-10.

transept

nave

aisles

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQsE4ZGkOCw&feature=related

Early Medieval:

Ottonian• Basilica (first

Roman, then Christian)

• Towers at both ends

• Alternate-support system

• Modular plan based on crossing

• Two transepts

Saint Michael’s, 1001–1031. Fig. 6-10.

Plan and cutaway, Old Saint Peter’s, begun ca. 319.

RomanesqueDates and Places: • 1000-1200• Western Europe

People:• Pilgrimage• Crusades • Fear of judgment• Church building boom• Cult of relics

Head Reliquary of St. Alexander, 1145, Belgium, Fig. 6-24

The Modern Pilgrimage

On right: William EgglestonUntitled (Portrait of Elvis

At Graceland) 1982-83

Antietam National Battlefield, Maryland

RomanesqueThemes:• Biblical themes • Judgment• Saints and martyrs• Relics

Forms:• Expressive exaggeration• Cruciform pilgrimage

churches• Barrel vaults, buttressing• Bestiaries Initial R, Moralia in Job,

France, ca. 1115–1125. Fig. 6-22.

Romanesque: France

Saint-Sernin, ca. 1070–1120 Toulouse, France, Fig. 6-14.

Plan, Saint-Sernin, ca. 1070–1120. Fig. 6-15.

ambulatory

radiating chapels

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qlNTI1Cs2qw

Romanesque: France• Pilgrimage church

• Radiating chapels

• Ambulatory

• Side aisles

• Barrel and groin vaults

• Nave bays, crossing

• Engaged columns, compound piers

• Crossing towerPlan, Saint-Sernin, ca. 1070–

1120. Fig. 6-15.

Saint-Sernin , ca. 1070–1120. Fig. 6-14.

Romanesque: France

Romanesque: France

GISLEBERTUS, Last Judgment, St. Lazare, Autun, France, ca. 1120–1135. Fig. 6-20.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PATkTJhAUhM

Romanesque• Tympanum sculpture • Fear of judgment• Door to salvation• Expressive exaggeration• Christ in mandorla• For illiterate

GISLEBERTUS, Last Judgment (details), ca. 1120–1135. Fig. 6-20.

Romanesque:

Holy Roman Empire

Hildegard from Scivias, ca. 1180, detail of facsimile, Bingen,

Germany, Fig. 6-23.

Romanesque: Holy Roman Empire• Nun (Hildegard of

Bingen) with visions

• Abbess of convent

• Illustration of own vision

• Picturing scribe work

• Conceptual treatment of figures and space

Hildegard from Scivias, ca. 1180. Fig. 6-23.

Romanesque: Normandy

Battle of Hastings, Bayeux Tapestry, ca. 1070–1080. Fig. 6-26.

http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/bayeux-tapestry.html

Romanesque: Normandy• Rare secular object• Embroidered pictorial

narrative (230 ft long)• Duke William

(Norman) conquers King Harold (England) following betrayal

• Above is the funeral of King Edward

• Narrative framed by border designs showing fallen soldiers and animal motifs

• History as told by the victor

• Battle conventions from Greece and Rome

Funeral Procession to Westminster Abbey,

Bayeux Tapestry, ca. 1070–1080. Fig. 6-26.

Greco-Roman Battle Scenes

Philoxenos of Eretria, Battle of Issus, ca. 310BCE, Late Classical Period, Greece

Column of Trajan & detail, 112CE.

High Empire Rome

Romanesque: England

Eadwine the Scribe, Eadwine Psalter, ca. 1160–1170. Fig. 6-32.

Saint Matthew, Ebbo Gospels, ca. 816–835. Fig. 6-6.

Romanesque: England• Identifiable artist (Eadwine the

Scribe)• For psalter• Author portrait mimics evangelist

portrait• Scribe at work• Divisions of drapery not related to

body beneath• Conceptual treatment of figure

and space • To establish artist’s fame & honor

God

Eadwine the Scribe, Eadwine Psalter, ca. 1160–1170.

Fig. 6-32.