lecture part 3 - pipes and fittings

8/11/2019 Lecture Part 3 - Pipes and Fittings

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Lecture Part 3

Pipes and Fittings Prepared by: Engr. Ruel Galutan, RMP

Pipes and Fittings:

Fittingis a device used to connect one or more pipes and/or used to change the direction of a straight

run of pipe. Codes require that any changes of direction of piping in a drainage system should have a

radius of curvature large enough to prevent solids from accumulating and to provide good hydraulic flow

characteristics.

Note:Fittings that satisfy these characteristics are known as drainage-pattern fittings or sanitary-type

fittings;they are required by code to be used in drainage systems. Vent piping does not require

drainage-pattern fittings.

Traps or Fixture TrapsIt is a fitting or device, which provides a liquid seal to prevent the emission of

sewer, gases without materially affecting the flow of sewage or wastewater through it.

Trap ArmThat portion of a fixture drain between a trap and the vent.

DipThe lowest portion of the inside top surface of the channel through the trap.


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Crown WeirIt is the highest point of the bottom surface of the crown.

TailpieceThe pipe or tubing that connects the outlet of a plumbing fixture to the trap.

Bend or sweepis a fitting used to change direction especially in sanitary drainage system.

( bend = 90 fitting, 1/8 bend = 45, 1/16 bend = 22 1/2 fittings)

Return BendA pipe fitting or performed piece of tubing which provides 180 change in direction.

Elbow or Ell or Straight ElbowIt is a fitting having bend and makes an angle of 45 or 90 between

adjacent pipes for a change in direction with a very short radius. It is suitable for use in water supply

system as well as vent system. Elbows are available with end connections of all similar sizes or in various

combinations of reduced pipe sizes.

Straight ElbowAn elbow having both ends internally threaded and of the same diameter.


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Street/Service ElbowA malleable iron fitting for threaded pipe having 45 or 90 bend, with an

inside thread on one end and outside thread on the other. It is also known as Street Ell or Service

Ell.

Reducing Elbowjoins two pipes of different diameters at right angle of each other. When

specifying reducer fittings, the bigger diameter is stated first, followed by the smaller diameter.

(example: Reducing Elbow, 25 mm x 20 mm)

Union ElbowA pipe elbow having a union type coupling on one end so that the coupling end may be

connected to the end of the pipe without running the pipe.


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SocketElbowIt is a fitting having a 90 change in direction with a very short radius.

Wye or Wye Branchis fitting used to connect a branch pipe into a straight run of piping at 45 angle.

Combination Wye BranchA single fitting which is a combination of a wye branch and 1/8 bend; used

in a drainage system in changing the direction such as from horizontal (branch) to stack or from

vertical(stack) or horizontal ( house drain/Building Drain).

Upright Wye CombinationA one piece fitting composed of 1/8 bend and wye branch where the

branch inlet is parallel to the drum; used when two stacks are provided where one stack is used as a

vent and the other for soil or waste or both soil or waste stack.


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Inverted Wye CombinationA combined fitting composed of a 1/8 and wye branch but the branch inlet

is provided with spigot rather than a bell; it is used in lieu of ventilation system, usually installed at the

uppermost portion of the vent stack or main vent.

TeeIt is a fitting used to connect a branch pipe into straight run of piping at a right angle.

A T-shaped pipe fitting that joins 3 or 4 pipes at perpendicular directions.

(For drainage use Sanitary Teeand for water supply and vent piping system use Standard Tee)

Straight TeeIt is a tee where all openings have the same size.

Street Tee or Service TeeA malleable fitting for threaded pipe in the form of a tee having an outside

thread on one end and an inside thread on the other and on the branch.

Sanitary TeeA tee used as fitting for a soil pipe; designed with a slight curve in the 90 transitions so as

to channel flow from branch line toward the direction of the main flow.


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Sanitary Cross TeeA type of cross pipe used as fitting, designed with a slight curve in each of the 90

transitions so as to channel flow from branch lines toward the direction of the main flow.

Tapped TeeA bell-end tee, which has a branch that is tapped to receive a threaded pipe fitting or a

threaded pipe.

Couplinga short internally threaded (female threaded) section of pipe used to join two pipes in

straight line. Couplings are provided with tiny ridges in the inside surface the fitting to allow pipe to seat

SocketIt has similar application as the coupling but it ends are enlarged to provide additional

mechanical strength.


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AdapterA type of fitting to connect pipes of different materials such as from galvanized steel pipe to

plastic or synthetic pipe, the galvanized pipe being threaded and the plastic having no threads; a type of

transition fitting.

NippleA short of piece of pipe, threaded on the outside (male threads) at both ends. A short length of

pipe with external threads at each end; used to join couplings or fittings.

Closed NippleA type of nipple with the entire length externally threaded. Where threading

meet.

Long Nippleover 75 mm in length

OpenNipple / Shoulder Nipple / Short Nipple below 75 mm in length. A type of nipple havingboth ends externally threaded and the midsection unthreaded.

Cap An internally threaded fitting used to close the end of a pipe.

PlugAn externally threaded fitting usually with square head; used to close the end of a pipe.


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Bend OffsetA change in the direction of pipe line (other than 90), e.g. by a combination of elbows or

bends, which bring one section of the pipe out of line with but into a line parallel to another section.

ReducerA pipe fitting with inside threads larger at one end than the other. It is a pipe coupling with

inside threads, having one end with smaller diameter than the other and used for connecting pipes of

different size. Both openings have the same center line.

IncreaserA tapered coupling used for joining a pipe to another of larger size.

FlangeA fitting with a projecting collar along the edge; used on installation requiring an increased area

coverage for added mechanical strength.


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- A ring shaped plate screwed on the end of a pipe and provided with holes for bolts, to

allow joining the pipe to a similar equipped adjoining pipe. The resulting joint is a

flanged joint.

Traps or Fixture TrapsIt is a fitting or device, which provides a liquid seal to prevent the emission of

sewer, gases without materially affecting the flow of sewage or wastewater through.

BushingIt is a pipe fitting which is threaded on both the inside and the outside so that it can be used

to reduce the size of the pipe opening to receive a pipe or fitting of different sizes.

Union / Union Patentee- A pipe fitting used to connect the ends of two pipes, neither of which can be

turned; consist of three pieces, the two end pieces (having inner threads) which are tightened. Which


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are tightened around the pipe ends to be joined, and a center piece which draws the two end pieces

together as it is rotated, affecting a seal.

A three piece pipe fitting used to connect the ends of two pipes, neither of which can be

turned. It is also used on pipes that are to be taken down occasionally. It parts are:

a. Thread Piece

b. Center Piecec. Shoulder Piece

EscutcheonA flange or circular disc on a pipe, used to cover a hole in a wall or floor through which the

pipe passed.

Barb -is used to connect flexible hoses to pipes. A barb clamp fitting has a male-threaded end used to mate withthe female threads. The other end of the fitting has either a single or multiple barbed tube having a tapered stub

with ridges, which is inserted into the flexible hose to secure it.


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Air admittance valves- these valves are gravity-operated devices that respond to the negative pressure ofdraining water and open to let air in. Then gravity closes the valve, keeping sewer gases out of the room.

A garbage disposal unitor waste disposal unit- is a device, usually electrically powered, installed under

akitchen sink between the sink'sdrain and thetrap which shreds food waste into pieces small enoughgenerally

less than 2 mm (0.079 in)to pass throughplumbing.

A sump pumpis apump used to remove water that has accumulated in a water collectingsump basin, commonly

found in thebasement of homes.There are generally two types of sump pumps pedestaland submersible.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitchen_sinkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drain_(plumbing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trap_(plumbing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trap_(plumbing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drain_(plumbing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitchen_sink


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thepedestal style sump pumpsits above the sump pit, and it's easier to reach and perform maintenance. Asubmersible sump pump actually goes down into the sump pit itself so it's not easily seen.Thesubmersible sump pumpsare more difficult to reach and perform maintenance on of course, and they're alsosealed or contained in a sealed housing to prevent electrical short circuits when water collects in the pit.

Microsprinkler systemsfor containers and small planting areas are often referred to as "drip"irrigation.Correctlyinstalled, these systems make it easy to delive r the right amount of water to plants.

A dielectric unionis a term used to describe two-part fittings of dissimilar metals which are electrically isolatedfrom each other to prevent galvaniccorrosion.

A water jacketis a water-filled casing surrounding a device, typically a metal sheath having intakeand outlet vents to allow water to be pumped through and circulated. The flow of water to anexternal heating or cooling device allows precisetemperature controlof the device.Most commonly found in drainage applications, a thrust blockis a concrete pipe restraint.

The block is utilized to prevent pipe joints separating under the force of carried fluids traversing abend or tee junction.
http://sumppumphelp.com/Pedestal_Sump_Pump.htmlhttp://sumppumphelp.com/Pedestal_Sump_Pump.htmlhttp://sumppumphelp.com/Pedestal_Sump_Pump.htmlhttp://sumppumphelp.com/Submersible_Sump_Pump.htmlhttp://sumppumphelp.com/Submersible_Sump_Pump.htmlhttp://sumppumphelp.com/Submersible_Sump_Pump.htmlhttp://www.bhg.com/topics/lawn-and-garden/irrigation.htmhttp://www.bhg.com/topics/lawn-and-garden/irrigation.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-corrosion.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-corrosion.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_controlhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-corrosion.htmhttp://www.bhg.com/topics/lawn-and-garden/irrigation.htmhttp://sumppumphelp.com/Submersible_Sump_Pump.htmlhttp://sumppumphelp.com/Pedestal_Sump_Pump.html


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Tuberculation- the development or formation of small mounds of corrosion products on the insideof iron pipe. These tubercules roughen the inside of the pipe, increasing its resistance to water flow.Electrolysis isgalvanic or dissimilar metal corrosion(copper pipe and galvanized steel).Galvanic corrosion is caused by self-induced current created by electrical potential of twodissimilar metals in contact with an electrolyte.Parts of Shower Head:

Parts of Flushometer Valve:

SADDLE TEE/SNAP TEENOT RECOMMENDED BY CODES, sam

SADDLE VALVE (a self-tapping device used to supply liquid)THRUST BLOCK
http://www.copper.org/applications/plumbing/techcorner/pdf/galvanic_corrosion.pdfhttp://www.copper.org/applications/plumbing/techcorner/pdf/galvanic_corrosion.pdfhttp://www.copper.org/applications/plumbing/techcorner/pdf/galvanic_corrosion.pdf


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Components of a Toilet:

Flush Handle The flush handle activates the flush valve ball. They are usually sold in combination with the triplever. It attaches with a left-handed screw, which screws on in a counter-clockwise direction.

Flush Valve Seat- Located at the bottom of the tank, the flush valve seat surrounds the opening that lets water into

the bowl. It's kept closed by a rubber flush ball or flapper. The flush valve seat is attached to the Overflow Tube,which drains water back into the bowl if the water level goes above it.

Flapper Valve Seat Ball Also called a Flush Valve Seat Ball, this device sits on the flush valve seat and attachesto the trip lever with a chain, rod or guide arm. When the outside handle on the toilet tank is pressed down, it raisesa trip lever that pulls the flapper off its seat. Water inside the tank pours through the opening to flush the toilet bowl.

Ballcock- Also known as a fill valve or inlet valve, the ballcock controls refilling the tank.

Float Ball- Part of the Ballcock, when the water level raises the float ball it shuts off the valve that lets water intothe tank.


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Components of Lavatory:

Components of Bath Tub:


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Components of Bidet: A bidet is a low mounted plumbing fixture or a type of sink that is primarily used forcleaning the genitalia, inner buttocks and anus with a stream of water.

ELECTRIC BIDET

NON-ELECTRIC

BIDET

lecture part 3 - pipes and fittings

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