Legal DrugsLegal Drugs

What What TheyThey ‘Forgot’‘Forgot’ To Tell To Tell YouYou

-Greg Hryniewicki-Greg Hryniewicki

PART ONEPART ONE

The Pain Killers…The Pain Killers…

#1 #1 Oxycodone Oxycodone (opiates)(opiates)

Average Dose: 5–15 mg oral every 4 to 6 hours Average Dose: 5–15 mg oral every 4 to 6 hours or 10 mg controlled release every 12 hours.or 10 mg controlled release every 12 hours.

Average Deadly Dose: 30mg/kg (with no Average Deadly Dose: 30mg/kg (with no tolerance)tolerance)

Side Effects: Constipation, fatigue, dizziness, Side Effects: Constipation, fatigue, dizziness, nausea, vomiting dry mouth, anxiety, itching, nausea, vomiting dry mouth, anxiety, itching, and sweating, loss of appetite, nervousness, and sweating, loss of appetite, nervousness, abdominal pain, diarrhea, urine retention, abdominal pain, diarrhea, urine retention, dyspnea, and hiccups.dyspnea, and hiccups.

Dependence and Withdrawal: Anxiety, panic Dependence and Withdrawal: Anxiety, panic attack, nausea, insomnia, muscle pain, muscle attack, nausea, insomnia, muscle pain, muscle weakness, fevers, and other flu-like symptoms.weakness, fevers, and other flu-like symptoms.

Cancer: Is not proven to increase risk of Cancer: Is not proven to increase risk of cancer. This medication is usually given cancer. This medication is usually given to cancer patients who suffer from severe to cancer patients who suffer from severe pain.pain.

Pregnancy: Withdrawal symptoms have Pregnancy: Withdrawal symptoms have been reported in newborns whose been reported in newborns whose mothers had been exposed to oxycodone mothers had been exposed to oxycodone during pregnancy.during pregnancy.

Worldwide Deaths: 27.2 people for every Worldwide Deaths: 27.2 people for every one million people per year.one million people per year.

USA Deaths: 14,800+/- per year.USA Deaths: 14,800+/- per year.

#2: #2: Advil (ibuprofen)Advil (ibuprofen)

Average Dose: 400mg every 6 hours.Average Dose: 400mg every 6 hours. Average Deadly Dose: 636mg/kg.Average Deadly Dose: 636mg/kg. Side Effects: nausea, dyspepsia, Side Effects: nausea, dyspepsia,

gastrointestinal ulceration/bleeding, raised gastrointestinal ulceration/bleeding, raised liver enzymes, diarrhea, constipation, liver enzymes, diarrhea, constipation, epistaxis, headache, dizziness, priapism, epistaxis, headache, dizziness, priapism, rash, salt and fluid retention, hypertension rash, salt and fluid retention, hypertension and it is also associated with hearing loss.and it is also associated with hearing loss.

Dependence and Withdrawal: If taking Dependence and Withdrawal: If taking more than 1,200mg per day and more than 1,200mg per day and discontinuing; minor joint pain may be felt.discontinuing; minor joint pain may be felt.

Cancer: 51% increase in Cancer: 51% increase in developing kidney cancer.developing kidney cancer.

Pregnancy: Taking while Pregnancy: Taking while pregnant increases chance of pregnant increases chance of miscarriage by 240%.miscarriage by 240%.

Worldwide Deaths: unknown.Worldwide Deaths: unknown.USA Deaths: 16,500+/- USA Deaths: 16,500+/-

(estimate) per year.(estimate) per year.

#3 #3 NyQuil (OTC cocktail)NyQuil (OTC cocktail)Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan and Doxylamine Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan and Doxylamine

succinatesuccinate

Average Dose: 30ml shot that contains:Average Dose: 30ml shot that contains: Alcohol (10%)Alcohol (10%) Acetaminophen (650 mg/30 ml) (pain reliever/fever reducer)Acetaminophen (650 mg/30 ml) (pain reliever/fever reducer) Dextromethorphan (30 mg/30 ml) (cough suppressant)Dextromethorphan (30 mg/30 ml) (cough suppressant) Doxylamine succinate (12.5 mg/30 ml) (antihistamine/hypnotic)Doxylamine succinate (12.5 mg/30 ml) (antihistamine/hypnotic) Average Deadly Dose: Acetaminophen would Average Deadly Dose: Acetaminophen would

be the first chemical in this ‘drug cocktail’ to kill be the first chemical in this ‘drug cocktail’ to kill you. The needed dose would be 338mg/kg, so you. The needed dose would be 338mg/kg, so about thirty-seven shots for the average about thirty-seven shots for the average American.American.

Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, sweating, Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, sweating, diarrhea, yellow skin or eyes, body rash, diarrhea, yellow skin or eyes, body rash, dizziness, closed-eye hallucinations, difficulty dizziness, closed-eye hallucinations, difficulty breathing,  dry mouth, ataxia, urinary retention, breathing,  dry mouth, ataxia, urinary retention, drowsiness, memory problems, inability to drowsiness, memory problems, inability to concentrate, hallucinations, psychosis, and a concentrate, hallucinations, psychosis, and a marked increased sensitivity to external stimuli.marked increased sensitivity to external stimuli.

Dependence and Withdrawal: There are no Dependence and Withdrawal: There are no physical withdrawal symptoms if following the physical withdrawal symptoms if following the recommended dosage but there is strong evidence recommended dosage but there is strong evidence that suggests a psychological dependency that suggests a psychological dependency possibly developing since it is such an effective possibly developing since it is such an effective sleep aid.sleep aid.

Cancer: If you use it four or more times a week, Cancer: If you use it four or more times a week, your chance of developing cancer in general your chance of developing cancer in general doubles, especially in the liver and thyroid. doubles, especially in the liver and thyroid.

Pregnancy: The various ingredients cause an Pregnancy: The various ingredients cause an overall increased risk of a miscarriage and birth overall increased risk of a miscarriage and birth defects.defects.

Worldwide Deaths: unknown.Worldwide Deaths: unknown. USA Deaths: 460+/- per year.USA Deaths: 460+/- per year.

PART TWOPART TWO

““You’re Not Normal… Take You’re Not Normal… Take These!” These!” [methylphenidate is [methylphenidate is Ritalin]Ritalin]

#4: #4: Adderal (amphetamine)Adderal (amphetamine)

Average Dose: 5-60mg daily (depending on tolerance).Average Dose: 5-60mg daily (depending on tolerance). Average Deadly Dose: 200-300mg (with no tolerance and a Average Deadly Dose: 200-300mg (with no tolerance and a

weight of 80kg/176lbs (average weight of an American).weight of 80kg/176lbs (average weight of an American). Side Effects: anorexia, hyperactivity, dilated pupils, flushing, Side Effects: anorexia, hyperactivity, dilated pupils, flushing,

restlessness, dry mouth, headache, tachycardia,bradycardia, restlessness, dry mouth, headache, tachycardia,bradycardia, tachypnea, hypertension, hypotension, hyperthermia, tachypnea, hypertension, hypotension, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, diarrhea, constipation, blurred vision, dizziness, diaphoresis, diarrhea, constipation, blurred vision, dizziness, twitching, insomnia, numbness, palpitations, arrhythmias, twitching, insomnia, numbness, palpitations, arrhythmias, tremors, dry and/or itchy skin, acne, pallor, euphoria, anxiety, tremors, dry and/or itchy skin, acne, pallor, euphoria, anxiety, increased libido, alertness, concentration, increased energy, increased libido, alertness, concentration, increased energy, increased self-esteem, self-confidence, sociability, irritability, increased self-esteem, self-confidence, sociability, irritability, aggressiveness, psychosomatic disorders, psychomotor aggressiveness, psychosomatic disorders, psychomotor agitation, dermatillomania, delusions of grandiosity, agitation, dermatillomania, delusions of grandiosity, hallucinations, excessive feelings of power and invincibility, hallucinations, excessive feelings of power and invincibility, repetitive and obsessive behaviors, paranoia, and with repetitive and obsessive behaviors, paranoia, and with chronic and/or high doses, amphetamine psychosis, chronic and/or high doses, amphetamine psychosis, convulsions, heart attack and stroke can occur.convulsions, heart attack and stroke can occur.

Dependence and Withdrawal: mental fatigue, mental Dependence and Withdrawal: mental fatigue, mental depression, increased appetite, anxiety, agitation, excessive depression, increased appetite, anxiety, agitation, excessive sleep, vivid or lucid dreams, deep REM sleep and suicidal sleep, vivid or lucid dreams, deep REM sleep and suicidal ideation.ideation.

Cancer: Using recreational doses (30mg+) once Cancer: Using recreational doses (30mg+) once every three to five days increased the chance of every three to five days increased the chance of developing Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), Lymphoma and developing Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), Lymphoma and cervical cancer by 500%.cervical cancer by 500%.

Pregnancy: Use during pregnancy increases chance Pregnancy: Use during pregnancy increases chance of heart defects, gastroschisis and small intestinal of heart defects, gastroschisis and small intestinal atresias, cleft lip and palate, reduction in birth atresias, cleft lip and palate, reduction in birth weight, prematurity, postpartum hemorrhage, and weight, prematurity, postpartum hemorrhage, and retained placenta. Babies can have an increase in retained placenta. Babies can have an increase in jitteriness, drowsiness, and respiratory distress, jitteriness, drowsiness, and respiratory distress, suggesting an amphetamine withdrawal syndrome.suggesting an amphetamine withdrawal syndrome.

Worldwide Deaths: unknown.Worldwide Deaths: unknown. USA Deaths: unknown.USA Deaths: unknown. Deaths unknown probably due to people mixing the Deaths unknown probably due to people mixing the

amphetamine with different substances, such as amphetamine with different substances, such as alcohol, cocaine, ect; which are deadly combinations alcohol, cocaine, ect; which are deadly combinations and cause of death was probably pointed at the and cause of death was probably pointed at the other drugs instead.other drugs instead.

#5: #5: AripiprazoleAripiprazole

(Abilify)(Abilify)

Designed to Designed to treat: treat:

schizophrenia, schizophrenia, bipolar bipolar

disorder, major disorder, major depressive depressive

disorderdisorder

Average Dose: 2-30mg (Depending Average Dose: 2-30mg (Depending on tolerance and specific disorder)on tolerance and specific disorder)

Average Deadly Dose: unknown Average Deadly Dose: unknown (overdose starts at 90-120mg)(overdose starts at 90-120mg)

Side Effects: nausea, vomiting, Side Effects: nausea, vomiting, constipation, headache, dizziness, constipation, headache, dizziness, inner sense of restlessness/need to inner sense of restlessness/need to move (akathisia), anxiety insomnia, move (akathisia), anxiety insomnia, increased appetite, weight gain increased appetite, weight gain restlessness, diabetes, mellitus.restlessness, diabetes, mellitus.

Dependence and Withdrawal: nausea, emesis, Dependence and Withdrawal: nausea, emesis, lightheadedness, diaphoresis, dyskinesia, lightheadedness, diaphoresis, dyskinesia, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, nervousness, dizziness, headache, excessive nervousness, dizziness, headache, excessive non-stop crying, and anxiety.non-stop crying, and anxiety.

Cancer: is not known to increase chance of Cancer: is not known to increase chance of caner.caner.

Pregnancy: Increases chance of miscarriage Pregnancy: Increases chance of miscarriage and will transfer though Brest-feeding, making and will transfer though Brest-feeding, making the baby become dependent if exposed.the baby become dependent if exposed.

Worldwide Deaths: unknown.Worldwide Deaths: unknown. USA Deaths: 27+/- per year (mostly suicides).USA Deaths: 27+/- per year (mostly suicides).

#6: #6: Zoloft Zoloft (SSRI’s(SSRI’s

))

Average Dose: 25-200mg Average Dose: 25-200mg (Depending on tolerance and (Depending on tolerance and specific disorder)specific disorder)

Average Deadly Dose: 1327mg/kgAverage Deadly Dose: 1327mg/kg Side Effects: nausea, ejaculation, Side Effects: nausea, ejaculation,

insomnia, diarrhea, dry mouth, insomnia, diarrhea, dry mouth, somnolence (drowsiness), somnolence (drowsiness), dizziness, tremors, and decreased dizziness, tremors, and decreased libido.libido.

Dependence and Withdrawal: withdrawal symptoms Dependence and Withdrawal: withdrawal symptoms of irritability, agitation, dizziness, headache, of irritability, agitation, dizziness, headache, nervousness, crying, emotional lability, bad dreams nervousness, crying, emotional lability, bad dreams and anger can occur for more than two weeks and anger can occur for more than two weeks following discontinuation. following discontinuation.

Cancer: increased chance of developing breast Cancer: increased chance of developing breast cancer by 91%.cancer by 91%.

Pregnancy: Using this drug during pregnancy will Pregnancy: Using this drug during pregnancy will cause the baby to suffer severe from withdrawal cause the baby to suffer severe from withdrawal upon being born. Respiratory distress, cyanosis, upon being born. Respiratory distress, cyanosis, apnea, seizures, temperature instability, feeding apnea, seizures, temperature instability, feeding difficulty, vomiting, hypoglycemia, hypotonia, difficulty, vomiting, hypoglycemia, hypotonia, hypertonia, hyperreflexia, tremor, jitteriness, hypertonia, hyperreflexia, tremor, jitteriness, irritability, and constant crying will all be things the irritability, and constant crying will all be things the baby will go though during his/her withdrawal. baby will go though during his/her withdrawal.

Worldwide Deaths: unknown.Worldwide Deaths: unknown. USA Deaths: 1,125+/- per year (mostly from USA Deaths: 1,125+/- per year (mostly from

suicide).suicide).

PART THREEPART THREE

The ClassicsThe Classics

Funded By: &Funded By: &

CompaniesCompanies

#7: #7: NicotineNicotine

Average Dose per Cigarette: 1mgAverage Dose per Cigarette: 1mg Average Deadly Dose: 30–60 mg (0.5–Average Deadly Dose: 30–60 mg (0.5–

1.0 mg/kg)1.0 mg/kg) Side Effects: Increased heart rate & blood Side Effects: Increased heart rate & blood

pressure plus multiple others listed on next pressure plus multiple others listed on next slide.slide.

Dependence and Withdrawal: Interferes with Dependence and Withdrawal: Interferes with reward pathway by releasing dopamine. reward pathway by releasing dopamine. Lack of nicotine will cause down regulation Lack of nicotine will cause down regulation as brain tries to compensate. Very addictive as brain tries to compensate. Very addictive because it increases reward pathway because it increases reward pathway sensitivity, opposed to heroine and cocaine, sensitivity, opposed to heroine and cocaine, which decrease reward pathway sensitivity, which decrease reward pathway sensitivity, making it more addictive than the two.making it more addictive than the two.

Cancer: Increases cholinergic signaling, Cancer: Increases cholinergic signaling, which inhibits apoptosis, promoting tumor which inhibits apoptosis, promoting tumor growth. growth.

Pregnancy: Use in the first twelve weeks of Pregnancy: Use in the first twelve weeks of pregnancy increases the chance of birth pregnancy increases the chance of birth defects by 60%. Also increases chance of defects by 60%. Also increases chance of child developing ADHD later on in life by child developing ADHD later on in life by 250%.250%.

Worldwide Deaths: 6,000,000+/- (1Worldwide Deaths: 6,000,000+/- (1stst Hand) / 600,000+/- (2Hand) / 600,000+/- (2ndnd Hand) [estimates] Hand) [estimates] per year.per year.

USA Deaths: 440,000+/- (1USA Deaths: 440,000+/- (1stst Hand) / Hand) / 49,000+/- (249,000+/- (2ndnd Hand) per year. Hand) per year.

#8: #8: CaffeineCaffeine

Average Dose: 100mg (1 cup of coffee)Average Dose: 100mg (1 cup of coffee) Average Deadly Dose: 3,000-20,000mg Average Deadly Dose: 3,000-20,000mg

(depending on body weight and tolerance)(depending on body weight and tolerance) Side Effects: Reduce physical fatigue and restores Side Effects: Reduce physical fatigue and restores

alertness when drowsiness occurs. Increases alertness when drowsiness occurs. Increases heart rate and blood pressure. Reduces fine motor heart rate and blood pressure. Reduces fine motor movements, stimulation of urination, possible movements, stimulation of urination, possible nausea.nausea.

Dependence and Withdrawal: headache, irritability, Dependence and Withdrawal: headache, irritability, inability to concentrate, drowsiness, insomnia, and inability to concentrate, drowsiness, insomnia, and pain in the stomach, upper body, and joints. May pain in the stomach, upper body, and joints. May appear within 12 to 24 hours after discontinuation appear within 12 to 24 hours after discontinuation of caffeine intake, peak at roughly 48 hours, and of caffeine intake, peak at roughly 48 hours, and usually last from 2 to 9 days. usually last from 2 to 9 days.

Cancer: Caffeine Cancer: Caffeine increasesincreases chance of chance of pancreatic and bladder cancer pancreatic and bladder cancer butbut reducesreduces the risk of oral, esophageal, the risk of oral, esophageal, and pharyngeal cancer.and pharyngeal cancer.

Pregnancy: Is only safe to consume up to Pregnancy: Is only safe to consume up to 200mg (two cups of coffee) per day while 200mg (two cups of coffee) per day while pregnant. Exceeding this amount will pregnant. Exceeding this amount will increase the chance of a miscarriage or increase the chance of a miscarriage or preterm birth.preterm birth.

Worldwide Deaths: 200,000-300,000 Worldwide Deaths: 200,000-300,000 (estimate) per year.(estimate) per year.

USA Deaths: 12,000+/- (estimate) per year.USA Deaths: 12,000+/- (estimate) per year.

ONE CUP OF COFFEE

4-5 Cups

#9: #9: AlcoholAlcohol

Average Dose: 0.05-0.1% BAC (When drunk, your Average Dose: 0.05-0.1% BAC (When drunk, your 20-25% down the road to possible death)20-25% down the road to possible death)

Average Deadly Dose: 0.4-0.55% BACAverage Deadly Dose: 0.4-0.55% BAC Side Effects: Euphoria, talkativeness, relaxation, Side Effects: Euphoria, talkativeness, relaxation,

central nervous system depression, nausea, central nervous system depression, nausea, possible vomiting, impaired motor and sensory possible vomiting, impaired motor and sensory function, impaired cognition.function, impaired cognition.

Dependence and Withdrawal: Discontinuing use Dependence and Withdrawal: Discontinuing use after several years of heavy drinking can be fatal. after several years of heavy drinking can be fatal. Alcohol withdrawal can cause anxiety, autonomic Alcohol withdrawal can cause anxiety, autonomic dysfunction, seizures, and hallucinations. Delirium dysfunction, seizures, and hallucinations. Delirium tremens is a condition that requires people with a tremens is a condition that requires people with a long history of heavy drinking to undertake long history of heavy drinking to undertake an alcohol detoxification regimen.an alcohol detoxification regimen.

Cancer: Alcohol increases the chance of mouth, Cancer: Alcohol increases the chance of mouth, esophagus, pharynx, larynx, breast, liver, lung, esophagus, pharynx, larynx, breast, liver, lung, stomach, endometrial, gallbladder, ovarian, prostate stomach, endometrial, gallbladder, ovarian, prostate and small intestine cancer. and small intestine cancer.

Pregnancy: Physical defects can develop in a fetus in Pregnancy: Physical defects can develop in a fetus in association with high levels of alcohol consumption association with high levels of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Alcohol crosses the placental during pregnancy. Alcohol crosses the placental barrier and can stunt fetal growth or weight, create barrier and can stunt fetal growth or weight, create distinctive facial stigmata, damage neurons and brain distinctive facial stigmata, damage neurons and brain structures, which can result in psychological or structures, which can result in psychological or behavioral problems, and cause other physical behavioral problems, and cause other physical damage. Fetal alcohol exposure is the leading known damage. Fetal alcohol exposure is the leading known cause of mental retardation in the Western world. cause of mental retardation in the Western world.

Worldwide Deaths: 2,500,000+/- (estimate) per year.Worldwide Deaths: 2,500,000+/- (estimate) per year. USA Deaths: 75,754 in 2012.USA Deaths: 75,754 in 2012.

2010 study by the Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs, led by David Nutt, Leslie King and Lawrence Phillips