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Legal/Regulatory Overview: State Property Tax Exemption National Congress on the Un and Underinsured Washington, D.C. December 10, 2007 David F. Buysse Senior Assistant Attorney General Office of the Attorney General of Illinois

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Page 1: Legal/Regulatory Overview: State Property Tax Exemption · The CBO also compared the provision of uncompensated care ... in general this level of revenue is not consistent with the

Legal/Regulatory Overview: State Property Tax Exemption

National Congress on the Un and UnderinsuredWashington, D.C.December 10, 2007

David F. BuysseSenior Assistant Attorney General 

Office of the Attorney General of Illinois

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Hospitals and Property Tax Exemption

Most state property tax laws do not specifically define  hospitals as exempt organizations.  

Rather, as with federal tax exemption, hospitals  generally have obtained state property tax exemption 

by qualifying as ʺcharitableʺ organizations. 

The charitable exemption in many states arises under  state constitutional provisions.

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Of what importance are property tax exemptions to non‐ profit hospitals?

In 2006, a report prepared by the Congressional Budget  Office concerning non‐profit hospitals at the request of  Chairman Bill Thomas of the House Committee on 

Ways and Means provided an estimate of the value of  tax exemptions to that sector of the hospital industry in 

2002.

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The value of the property tax exemption was estimated to  be approximately $3.1 billion.

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The CBO also compared the provision of uncompensated  care by nonprofit, for‐profit and government hospitals.

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The average difference between non‐profit and for‐profit  hospitals were “slight,”

albeit statistically significant.

“In the unadjusted results, nonprofit hospitals were  found to devote a slightly larger share of their 

operating expenses to uncompensated care than did  for‐profits (a statistically significant difference of 4.7  percent versus 4.2 percent).”

“After adjustment, the difference between nonprofit  and for‐profit hospitals in their average 

uncompensated‐care share was a statistically  significant 0.6 percentage points.”

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Government hospitals were found in both the unadjusted and 

adjusted results to have much higher uncompensated‐care shares 

than either non‐profit or for‐profit hospitals – around 13% of 

operating expenses.

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Such facts prompt the question….

To what extent should non‐profit

hospitals qualify for a  charitable exemption from property tax?

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Charitable property tax exemptions for hospitals were challenged in the mid ‐

1980’s .

Utah County v. Intermountain Health Care, Inc., 709  P.2d 265 (Utah, 1985)

State property tax exemptions were revoked for several hospitals

owned by Intermountain Health Care by the Utah County Board of 

Equalizations because the hospitals in question provided little free 

care for the poor  ‐

less than 1% of revenues.

The Utah Supreme Court upheld the exemption revocation, noting 

that ʺthe defendants in this case confuse the element of a gift to the 

community, which an entity must demonstrate in order to qualify as 

a charity under our Constitution, with the concept of community 

benefit, which any of countless private enterprises might provide.ʺ 

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Charitable sales

tax exemptions for hospitals were challenged in the mid ‐

1980’s for similar reasons.

Hospital Utilization Project v. Commonwealth, 487  A.2d 1306 (Pa., 1985)

The Pennsylvania Supreme Court held that state law required an 

organization to ʺdonate or render gratuitouslyʺ a substantial portion 

of its services to those unable to pay in order for the organization to 

be considered charitable for purposes of sales tax exemption. 

Property tax consequences ‐

after this decision,  local tax assessors 

challenged property tax exemption for hundreds of organizations.

By 1996, exemptions for most of the stateʹs 220 private non‐profit 

hospitals had been challenged. 

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The Texas legislature enacted a statute in 1993 setting  financial guidelines for exempt hospitals.

“(1) charity care and government‐sponsored indigent health care 

must be provided at a level that is reasonable in relation to the 

community needs, as determined through the community needs 

assessment, the available resources of the hospital or hospital 

system, and the tax‐exempt benefits received by the hospital or 

hospital system;

(2) charity care and government‐sponsored indigent health care 

must be provided in an amount equal to at least four percent of the 

hospitalʹs or hospital systemʹs net patient revenue;”

Tex. Tax Code Ann. §

11.1801(a) (2006)

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The Texas legislature enacted a statute in 1993 setting  financial guidelines for exempt hospitals.

“(3) charity care and government‐sponsored indigent health care 

must be provided in an amount equal to at least 100 percent of the 

hospitalʹs or hospital systemʹs tax‐exempt benefits, excluding 

federal income tax; or

(4) charity care and community benefits must be provided in a 

combined amount equal to at least five percent of the hospitalʹs or 

hospital systemʹs net patient revenue, provided that charity care and 

government‐sponsored indigent health care are provided in an 

amount equal to at least four percent of net patient revenue.”

Tex. Tax Code Ann. §

11.1801(a) (2006)

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Illinois has been at the forefront of recent debates  concerning property tax exemption for non‐profit  hospitals.

Wall Street Journal 

published an article in October, 2003 highlighting 

collection practices by hospitals in Champaign County, Illinois

The Champaign County Board of Review sought revocation of tax 

exempt status for the non‐profit hospitals in the county in 2004 and 

2005.

Illinois Attorney General Lisa Madigan proposed legislation 

addressing billing, collection and charity care practices of tax‐

exempt hospitals

in 2006.

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Guidelines for charitable property tax exemption in  Illinois

Charitable exemption grounded in Article IX, Section 6 of the 

Illinois Constitution.

Section 15‐65 of the Property Tax Code provides the statutory basis 

for the exemption.

In

Methodist Old Peoples Home v. Korzen, 39 Ill.2d 149, 233 N.E.2d 537 

(1968), the Illinois Supreme Court articulated six guidelines for 

determining whether property is in fact used for charitable purposes 

as required by the Constitution and the Property Tax Code.

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Methodist Old Peoples Home

criteria for charitable  exemption

The benefits derived are for an indefinite number of persons for

their general welfare or in some way reducing the burdens on 

government; 

The organization has no capital, capital stock, or shareholders,

and 

does not profit from the enterprise;

Funds are derived mainly from private and public charity, and the 

funds are held in trust for the objects and purposes expressed in the 

organizationʹs charter;

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Methodist Old Peoples Home

criteria for charitable  exemption

Charity is dispensed to all who need and apply for it;

No obstacles are placed in the way of those seeking the benefits; and

The exclusive, i.e.,

primary, use of the property is for charitable 

purposes.

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Riverside Medical Ctr. v. Dept. of Revenue, 342 Ill. App.3d  603, 795 N.E.2d 361 (3rd Dist. 2003)

The court noted that 97% of Riverside’s net revenue of over 

$92,000,000 million came from patient billing and net revenue in

the 

Riverside system was $10,000,000, although the specific facility

in 

question had a net operating loss of $850,000.  According to the

court, “

...in general this level of revenue is not consistent with the 

provision of charity.”

Further factors which weighed against Riverside’s exemption 

application were that it did not broadly advertise its charitable 

policies, established a 3% of revenue charity guideline, and received 

well less than 1% of its revenue in the form of charitable 

contributions.

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Eden Retirement Center v. Department of Revenue, 213  Ill.2d 273, 821 N.E.2d 240 (2004), reaffirms Methodist Old  Peoples Home

“The appellate courtʹs analysis is erroneous. The Methodist Old 

Peoples Home

criteria are not mere non‐statutory ‘hurdles’

intended 

to apply only to the pre‐1984 version of the charitable‐use property 

tax exemption statute. Rather, this court articulated the criteria in 

Methodist Old Peoples Home

to resolve the constitutional

issue of 

charitable use.”

“The legislature could not declare that property, which satisfied

statutory

requirement, was ipso facto

property used exclusively for a 

tax‐exempt purpose specified in section 6 of article IX of the Illinois 

Constitution. It is for the courts, and not for the legislature, to determine 

whether property in a particular case is used for a constitutionally specified 

purpose.”

(emphasis added)

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Community Health Care, Inc. v. IDOR

369 Ill.App.3d 353,  859 N.E.2d 1196, (3d Dist., 2006)

Originally issued as an unpublished order.  Upon Illinois 

Department of Revenue’s request, the decision was published on 

December 18, 2006, and now can be cited as precedent.

Decision affirmed IDOR revocation of a non‐profit FQHC’s

charitable property tax exemption.

Court held “…that a 27% use is insufficient to find the property is 

used primarily for a charitable purpose…”

Illinois Supreme Court denied PLA in Community Health Care, Inc. v. 

IDOR

on March 28, 2007.

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Illinois Department of Revenue v. Provena

Covenant  Medical Center

The Director of the Illinois Department of Revenue issued a 

decision revoking Provena Covenant Medical Center’s property 

tax exemption for 2002 tax year in September, 2006.

Only .7% of 2002 revenues applied to charity care.

Noted Medicare/Medicaid shortfalls do not constitute charity 

care

97.7% hospital revenue derived from patient services rather than

charitable contributions.

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Illinois Department of Revenue v. Provena

Covenant  Medical Center

On August 8, 2007, Circuit Court of Sangamon County entered an 

order reversing the decision of the Director.

Department of Revenue filed a notice of appeal September 7, 2007.

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In 2006, Center for Tax and Budget Accountability estimates benefits 

of tax exemption for select non‐profit hospitals in Cook County, 

Illinois.

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In 2006, Center for Tax and Budget Accountability estimates benefits 

of tax exemption for select non‐profit hospitals in Cook County, 

Illinois.

Illinois state and local tax exemptions accounted for 96 percent

of 

the tax benefits received by the 21 hospitals and hospital networks 

analyzed in the study.

The annual benefit from property tax exemption was estimated to 

be $209.1 million (or 64% of all tax benefits received) for the 

hospitals and hospital networks in the study.

The cost of charity care provided by the hospitals and hospital 

networks in the study was estimated to be approximately $105.2 

million.

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In 2007, Cook County, Illinois estimates the benefits of  property tax exemption for non‐profit hospitals.

In 2006, the Cook County Board of Commissioners requested that 

the Cook County Assessor’s Office provide them with a report 

estimating the taxable property value for all Cook County hospitals 

that are currently exempt from taxation.

Pursuant to the Board’s request the Assessor’s Report was limited to 

the 54 licensed general hospitals in Cook County and did not 

address the valuation or tax exemption status of other medical 

facilities or other properties owned by charitable institutions.

The Assessor’s Report was issued November 6, 2007.

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In 2007, Cook County, Illinois estimates the benefits of  property tax exemption for non‐profit hospitals.

The Assessorʹs Office report, estimated a range of aggregate 

property value of approximately $4,300,000,000 to $4,500,000,000

as 

of January 2006, under the assumption that real estate of the 

hospitals is entirely taxable and that no portion is exempt from

property taxes.

The estimated taxes to be generated from utilizing an income 

approach would be $238,000,000, while the cost approach would 

generate $241,000,000 in estimated tax revenue.

On October 17, 2007 the President of the County Board of 

Commissioners announced the anticipated deficit for the County’s 

FY 2008 budget was $239,000,000.