less of you to love a nutritionist’s secrets for healthy weight management neil e. levin, ccn,...

Less of You To LoveA Nutritionist’s Secrets for Healthy Weight ManagementNeil E. Levin, CCN, DANLA

April 2010

© 2010 American Nutrition Association

Neil E. Levin, CCN, DANLA

• Programs Committee Chair and Member of the Board of Directors of the American Nutrition Association®.

• Nutrition Education Manager, NOW Foods, Bloomingdale, Illinois

Holistic Diet Principles

• TO LOSE WEIGHT, YOU HAVE TO EAT!

• TO LOSE WEIGHT, EAT LESS AT EACH MEAL!

• TO LOSE WEIGHT, EAT HEALTHY FOOD!

• TO LOSE WEIGHT, EAT FAT!

• TO LOSE WEIGHT, REDUCE CARBS!


• TO LOSE WEIGHT, YOU HAVE TO EAT!

–Fasting slows metabolism

–Empty calories don’t satisfy nutritional needs

» Protein

» Fats

» Fiber

» Vitamins & Minerals; other nutritional components


• TO LOSE WEIGHT, EAT LESS AT EACH MEAL!

–Increase meal count, not calories

–Help regulate blood sugar

–A small meal can substitute for snacking

–Stimulates metabolism if protein is consumed


• TO LOSE WEIGHT, EAT HEALTHY FOOD!

–Whole foods promote lean bodies

–Whole foods prevent blood sugar spikes

–Whole foods provide essential nutrients

–Fiber is more filling

–Artificial sweeteners can backfire!


• TO LOSE WEIGHT, EAT FAT!

–The body needs healthy oils

» Essential fats

»Omega-3: ALA, EPA, DHA

»Omega-6: GLA, AA, CLA

» Non-essential fats

»Omega-9: stearic acid, oleic acid

»Other oily fractions


• TO LOSE WEIGHT, REDUCE CARBS!

–Fiber is still fine

–Wheat/gluten issues for some

–Refined sugars

» Conversion to fat

» Fuels microbial overgrowths

» Raises lipid triglycerides

Digestive Support & Enzymes

• Plant enzymes work in a wide pH range and begin digesting fats and carbs in the stomach, rather than waiting for pancreatic enzymes to begin work in the intestine

• Animal enzymes– HCl-Pepsin work in the stomach to digest minerals and proteins

– Pancreatin works in the small intestine to absorb protein, carbs and fats

Digestive Support & Enzymes

Other Considerations

Probiotics (Acidophilus, et al)

Depleted by antibiotics & other factors (not a label claim) *

From fermented foods that are not subsequently cooked

Assist GI function and immunity *

Prebiotics (fiber: FOS, Inulin) help maintain an

environment friendly to probiotics *

Aloe vera

Weight Management Products

General nutritional support

Multiple vitamins with minerals provide essential

nutrition and help to balance the diet

Most Americans are deficient in at least one essential

vitamin or mineral

Many of us are deficient in more than one nutrient

Reduced nutritional values of modern foods


Anti-enzymes

Reduce the breakdown of starch to sugar

Phase 2® is an “anti-enzyme” which can reduce the

breakdown of starch to sugar.

This all-natural bean extract limits the action of alpha-

amylase, a digestive enzyme.


Appetite Reduction

Relora® reduces stress symptoms and can help control

appetite and prevent stress-related eating for weight

control.

Hoodia is a 20:1 South African plant concentrate

Slimaluma™ is an alternative to Hoodia

Glucomannan fiber relieves constipation and may help to

maintain healthy serum lipid levels and satiety (feeling full)


Fibers that bind to fats

Chitosan attracts fats better than most other fibers, carrying them out of the body

Fiber bonding to bile salts is the body’s primary

method of dumping cholesterol

Whole grain products provide essential dietary

components that enhance our ability to maintain

normal weight and metabolism


Limiting the liver's production of fat from carbohydrates

Citrimax® helps to limit the liver's production of fat

from carbohydrate.

Provides HCA, which may reduce the liver’s conversion of

carbohydrates into stored fats.


Substances to maintain healthy blood sugar

Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) improves insulin sensitivity

Chromium helps control blood sugar and is a

component of Glucose Tolerance Factor. Chromium

may also help maintain lean body mass (muscle)

during calorie-restricted dieting.

Vanadium is another mineral useful for blood sugar

control


Substances to help maintain healthy blood sugar levels

GlucoFit™ is a source of corosolic acid, which

supports healthy glucose metabolism and insulin

sensitivity

Gymnema sylvestre improves uptake of glucose into

cells, may minimize a “sweet tooth” and may be useful

for maintaining cholesterol and triglyceride levels


Mild stimulants and thermogenic ingredients that enhance energy production

Green Tea Extract for thermogenesis

L-Carnitine helps convert fat to energy

Pyruvate may enhance weight loss and reduce body

fat

L-Tyrosine is a precursor or thyroid hormones


Mild stimulants and thermogenic ingredients that enhance energy production

7-Keto® is a metabolite of DHEA that does not affect sex

hormones. 7-Keto® enhances the activity of three key fat

burning (thermogenic) enzymes to provide a higher metabolic

rate during periods of calorie restriction and diet modification.

7-Keto, with a program of diet and exercise, accelerates weight

and fat loss by 200% over the same period of time compared to

comparable dieting and exercise with placebo.


Fats and other substances that enhance fat metabolism and encourage lean muscle mass

CLA boasts numerous studies as to its ability to

enhance body composition – specifically lean body

mass – when used for long periods of time (typically

over a year).


Reduction of cortisol

Chronic stress can also result in improper blood sugar metabolism, triggered by the stress hormone cortisol.

Relora® reduces stress symptoms to help control appetite and prevent stress-related eating for weight control.

Chronic stress is a major contributing factor in overeating.

Acai

A Genuine Whole Food; solvent freeBrazilian purple berries

Freeze-dried; from pulp and skin

Antioxidant rich; fresh taste

Also contains proteins, fats (as in fresh acai)

Supports cardiovascular (nitric oxide), immune, and inflammatory systems


Metabolic Products

• CLA maintains lean body composition, with significantly lower weight than controls in long-term experiments.

• Green tea and guarana supply natural caffeine and other energizing compounds, plus antioxidants

• Chromium is used to regulate fat and sugar metabolism


CLA

One study, titled "Efficacy and Safety of One-Year Supplementation with Conjugated linoleic Acid in Moderate Overweight," found that compared to placebo, CLA-supplemented subjects had Body Fat Mass index scores averaging 9% lower than the placebo group and had Lean Body Mass results showing lean muscle mass averaging 2% more than the placebo group. Analyses of blood tests showed no side effects over this one-year period.


CLA

CLA plus Guarana reportedly reduces the size and number of fat cells in another report.

CLA may also reduce insulin resistance and prevent undesirable cellular changes.


CLA

CLA may reduce insulin resistance, so people on blood sugar medications may not need as much of their drugs. Use with caution to avoid an overdose of your blood sugar medication when using this oil. Please notify your physician about your supplement use if you are using any drugs!

Gaullier JM, Halse J, Hoye K, Kristiansen K, Fagertun H, Vik H, Gudmundsen O. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 1 y reduces body fat mass in healthy overweight humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 79(6):1118–1125 (2004).

Rainer L, Heiss CJ. Conjugated linoleic acid: Health implications and effects on body composition. J. Am. Dietetic Assoc. 104(6):963–968 (2004).

O'Shea M. Clarinol(TM) CLA (Conjugated Linoleic Acid): the weight of evidence supports a safe and efficacious product for weight management. Agro Food Industry Hi-Tech 15(4):24–26 (2004).

Malpuech-Brugere C, Verboeket-van de Venne WPHG, Mensink RP, Arnal MA, Morio B, Brandolini M, Saebo A, Lassel TS, Chardigny JM, Sebedio JL, Beaufrere B. Effects of two conjugated linoleic acid isomers on body fat mass in overweight humans. Obesity Res. 12(4):591–598 (2004).


Glucose Metabolic Support

GlucoFit™ provides corosolic acid to maintain a healthy glucose metabolism

Gymnema sylvestre supports blood sugar regulation and supports the pancreas


Chromium (ChromeMate®)

Niacin-bound chromium for proper insulin function and normal energy production

Promotion of healthy body weight

Maintenance of healthy blood sugar and cholesterol levels already within the normal range.



L-Carnitine

Shuttles long-chain fatty acids to the cell’s mitochondria to be oxidized and converted into ATP

BLOOD SUGAR

Converts to fat

Challenges blood sugar controls

Reduces insulin sensitivity

Reduces immunity to infections

Excess Blood Sugar

“...people with diabetes who have high blood sugar lose a lot more magnesium in the urine and, as a result, run the risk of magnesium deficiency" Karen Kubena, Ph.D., associate professor of nutrition at Texas A & M University in College Station.

Excess Blood Sugar

Elevated or normal insulin

+

Cellular resistance to insulin

=

Elevated blood glucose

Excess Blood Sugar

Hypoglycemia:

Overreaction to the rise in blood sugar after eating

Indicates poorly controlled blood sugar mechanism

May lead to insulin resistance

Excess Blood Sugar

Pre-diabetes

Syndrome X

Metabolic Syndrome

Excess Blood Sugar

Metabolic Syndrome

Syndrome: DefinitionSyndrome: Definition

“run together” A pattern of signs and symptoms Follow a common physiological and metabolic pathway Does not indicate the cause (disease), only recognizes a common pattern Essential part of clinical practice

Metabolic Syndrome

Sugar Control Nutrients

Chromium

Alpha Lipoic Acid

Corosolic acid (banaba leaf)

Vanadium

Fiber

Omega-3 fats

Gymnema sylvestre

Standardized to minimum 25% Gymnemic Acid

Ayurvedic herb from India

Acts on pancreas to stimulate insulin secretion

Sweetness Suppressor

Gymnema sylvestre

Improves uptake of glucose into cells

May block ability to taste “sweet”

May be useful for maintaining cholesterol and triglyceride levels


Zinc is a known sweet taste inhibitor, meaning it can be used to suppress the unwanted sweetness of a product


SUGAR

ALCOHOLS

Sugar Alcohols

Erythritol

Maltitol

Mannitol

Sorbitol

Xylitol

Sweeteners

Sugar alcohols don’t raise blood sugar as rapidly as sugar does, yet they’re as bulky as sugar.

Used “tablespoon - for - tablespoon” to replace sugar Their sweetness may vary

Sweeteners

Sugar Alcohols

FDA-approved health claim:

Frequent between-meal consumption of foods high in sugars and starches promotes tooth decay. The sugar alcohols in [name of food] do not promote tooth decay.

Sweeteners

Sugar Alcohols

For FDA-approved health claim the product must be:

- Sugar free

Sweeteners

Sugar Alcohols

For FDA-approved health claim:

The sugar alcohol must be xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol, isomalt, lactitol, hydrogenated starch hydrolysates, hydrogenated glucose syrups, erythritol, or a combination.

Sweeteners

Sugar Alcohols

For FDA-approved health claim:

- When a fermentable carbohydrate is present, the food must not lower plaque pH below 5.7.

Sweeteners

Erythritol

Fermented cornstarch

Similar to xylitol in flavor, physical characteristics

Sweeteners

Erythritol

Almost non-caloric, non-metabolized

Non-laxative

Stronger osmotic antimicrobial than xylitol

70% as sweet as sugar

Sweeteners

Erythritol“These results suggest that erythritol affects glucose metabolism and reduces lipid peroxidation, thereby improving the damage caused by oxidative stress involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes.”Yokozawa T, Kim HY, Cho EJ. Erythritol attenuates the diabetic oxidative stress through modulating glucose metabolism and lipid peroxidation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Agric Food Chem. 2002 Sep 11;50(19):5485-9.

Sweeteners

Xylitol

Osmotic antimicrobial (inhibits bacterial growth)

Cooling in mouth

1:1 substitution for sugar in recipes

Sweeteners

Xylitol

Improves bone density, Protects tooth enamel

Does not require insulin

A laxative in higher amounts

Typically 30-50 grams or 15-25 packets

Sweeteners

Xylitol

Can be commercially produced from non-GMO cornhusks, corn cobs and stalks, certain hardwoods (birch and beech), rice, oat, wheat and cotton seed hulls, various nut shells, straw, sugar cane

Sweeteners

Xylitol

Dietary sources containing relatively high quantities of xylitol are plums, raspberries and cauliflower

Sweeteners

Stevioside and rebaudioside A are hydrolyzed to steviol by human intestinal microflora

References: Cos, P.; Ying, L.; Calomme, M.; Hu, J. P.; Cimanga, K.; Poel, B. V.; Pieters, L.; Vlietinck, A. J.; Berghe, D. V. Structure-activity relationship and classification of flavonoids as inhibitors of xanthine oxidase and superoxide scavengers. J. Nat. Prod. 1998, 61,

Hollman, P. C. H.; de Vries, J. H. M.; van Leeuwen, S. D.; Mengelers, M. J. B.; Katan, M. B. Absorption of dietary quercetin glycosides and quercetin in healthy ileostomy volunteers. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1995, 62, 1276–1282.

Chatsudthipong V, Muanprasat C. Stevioside and related compounds: Therapeutic benefits beyond sweetness. Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Jan;121(1):41-54. Epub 2008 Oct 27. PMID: 19000919

In vitro metabolism of the glycosidic sweeteners, stevia mixture and enzymatically modified stevia in human intestinal microflora. Koyama E, Kitazawa K, Ohori Y, Izawa O, Kakegawa K, Fujino A, Ui M. Food Chem Toxicol. 2003 Mar;41(3):359-74. PMID: 12504168

Stevia

Whole Leaf Stevia contains over 100 phytochemical markers including:

Stevia

•Polyphenols•Flavonoids•Caffeic Acid•Sterebins•Austroinulin

•Quercetin•Luteolin•Apigenin•Centaureidin (Flavanol)

Enzyme TreatedStandard Stevia

Enzyme Treated Stevia

Herbal effects: May reduce insulin resistance

May aid pancreatic function

May help to maintain BP already in the normal range

May support immunity

Stevia rebaudiana

Reference: Chatsudthipong V, Muanprasat C. Stevioside and related compounds: Therapeutic benefits beyond sweetness. Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Jan;121(1):41-54. Epub 2008 Oct 27. PMID: 19000919

(Enzyme Modified)

Stevia rebaudiana

Stevia and steviosides are considered safe Stevia is not toxic to cellsNo allergic reactions to it seem to existNo significant adverse effects were noted in a 2-year studyNon-caloricDoes not encourage dental cavities

Stevia Safety

Geuns JM. Stevioside. Phytochemistry. 2003 Nov;64(5):913-21. PMID: 14561506 Yasukawa, K.; Kitanaka, S.; Seo, S. Inhibitory effect of stevioside on tumor promotion by 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2002, 25, 1488-1490.Boonkaewwan C, Toskulkao C, Vongsakul M. Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Activities of Stevioside and Its Metabolite Steviol on THP-1 Cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Feb 8;54(3):785-9. PMID: 16448183Gardana C, Simonetti P, Canzi E, Zanchi R, Pietta P. Metabolism of stevioside and rebaudioside A from Stevia rebaudiana extracts by human microflora. J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Oct 22;51(22):6618-22. PMID: 14558786

less of you to love a nutritionist’s secrets for healthy weight management neil e. levin, ccn,...

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