lesson 1 face the fats vocabulary and notes 1.nutrients- chemicals found in food that helps keep an...
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Lesson 1 Face the Fats Vocabulary and Notes
1. nutrients- chemicals found in food that helps keep an organism alive and active. Two groups – building materials and energy providers
Six types of nutrients your body needs:
1. Proteins2. Fats3. Carbohydrates4. Minerals5. Vitamins6. Water
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2. nutritionists – a person who studies foods and diets.
3. obesity – the condition of having an excess amount of body fat (20% more than what is considered healthy).
4. cholesterol – a waxy substance found naturally in human tissues.
5. calorie – a unit of heat; a measure of the energy in food
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6. fats – a group of nutrients that provide energy and building blocks for the development of some body systems. American Heart Assoc. recommends no more than 30% of calories should come from fats.
7. saturated fats –Usually solid at room temperature, considered “bad” fats. Diet should have limited amounts because increases level of cholesterol in the blood.
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8. monounsaturated fats – liquid at room temperature, better for you than saturated fats.
9. polyunsaturated fats – best type of fats, also liquid at room temperature. Do not contribute to cholesterol problems. Occur naturally in plants, humans need it.
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Saturated Fats Monounsaturated Fats Polyunsaturated Fats
ButterCheeseChocolateCocoa butterCoconut oilCreamEggsHydrogenated shorteningIce creamLardPalm oilRed meatWhole milk
Olive oilCanola OilPeanut Oil
Safflower OilSoybean OilSunflower OilCorn OilCottonseed OilFishNuts
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Questions to Explore:
• What are the six basic nutrients your body needs for growth and development?Water, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
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• What are the important functions of fat in the body?Fats:
1. store energy for movement, digestion, and other activities. 2. carry vitamins and minerals throughout the body3. help nerve and other cells function properly4. protect vital organs and insulate the body.
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• What are some of the problems faced by people who have too much fat in their diets?1. Obesity2. High levels of cholesterol which could lead to heart attacks and strokes.
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The Digestive System Definitions & Notes
• digestive system – The organs and structures responsible for the digestion of food. Includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
• esophagus – the tube connecting the mouth and the stomach
• stomach – the organ where food is reduced to mush by acid muscle activity
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• small intestine – the part of the digestive system, between the stomach and large intestine, that absorbs nutrients from digested food.
• villi – the tiny fingerlike structures lining the small intestine through which nutrients pass from the digestive system into the blood.
• large intestine – the part of the digestive system, between the small intestine and the rectum, where water is removed from the solid waste.
• waste – the leftover, unusable substance of our food, includes fiber which cannot be digested by the body
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• saliva – the liquid produced in the mouth that aids digestion.
• enzyme – a protein molecule that speeds up chemical reactions but is not changed itself
• peristalsis – pushing, pumping movement of the muscles in the esophagus that push food down toward the stomach
• sphincter – valves located at the bottom of the esophagus and the stomach that relaxes and tightens to allow food to move.
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Complete the following sentences:
Foods have _______________ needed to make the body work.The digestive process begins in your _____________.Your ________ grind food into small, easy to swallow pieces. The only parts of the digestive process that you have control of are
_______________________________________________.Stomach muscles contract about every ________ seconds, breaking down
food. Food can remain in the stomach from _________________ to ________________________.
In the small intestine, food is broken down into _______________________ that your body uses for energy.
It takes the small intestine _____________________ to perform its function.
In the large intestine, ____________ and _________________ are removed from waste to make it become more solid.
The whole digestive process can take from_____________ to _________________.
nutrientsmouth
teeth
chewing and swallowing your food20
5 minutes several hours
tiny molecules5 hours
excess water leftover minerals
2 days12 hours
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