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Lesson 1 | Scientific Inquiry

Student Labs and Activities Page Appropriate For:Content Vocabulary 6 all studentsLesson Outline 7 all studentsContent Practice A 9

Content Practice B 10

School to Home 11 all studentsKey Concept Builders 12

Enrichment 16 all studentsChallenge 17

AssessmentLesson Quiz A 18

Lesson Quiz B 19

Approaching Level On Level Beyond Level English-Language Learner

Teacher evaluation will determine which activities to use or modify to meet any student’s proficiency level.

Scientific Problem Solving 5

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Scientific InquiryDirections: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly replaces the underlined words.NOTE: You might need to change a term to its plural form.

critical thinking hypothesis inference observation prediction

science scientific law scientific theory technology

1. the investigation and exploration of natural events and ofthe new information that results from those investigations

2. Rules that describe repeatable patterns in nature workunder specific conditions in nature.

3. Using wind tunnels to make bicycles more aerodynamic isan example of the practical use of scientific knowledge.

4. A(n) explanation of observations based on knowledge frommany observations and investigations will never becomea law.

5. Rob saw an advertisement for a household tool that wouldchop, slice, cook, clean, and sew. Using a comparison ofwhat he already knew with the information in theadvertisement, he knew this product was too good to betrue.

6. Through the use of more than one of her senses andnoting what occurred, Anika was able to think of questionsshe could use to begin a scientific investigation.

7. A conclusion is a summary of the information gained fromtesting the possible explanation for an observation.

8. After making an observation and a(n) logical explanationdrawn from prior knowledge, the next step in a scientificinvestigation is to develop a hypothesis.

9. Scientists make statements of what will happen next in asequence of events based on information they thinkthey will find when they test their hypotheses.

6 Scientific Problem Solving

Content Vocabulary

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Scientific InquiryA. Understanding Science

1. The investigation and exploration of natural events and the new information that

results from those investigations is called .

2. Marie Curie was a scientist who won two Nobel prizes in the early 1900s for her

work with .

B. Branches of Science

1. The study of matter and energy is called .

2. The study of natural processes that occur on and deep within

is called Earth science.

3. is the study of all organisms and the many processes

that occur in them.

C. What is Scientific Inquiry?

1. When scientists want to answer questions about the natural world, they

conduct .

2. is a series of skills used to answer questions.

3. Using one or more of your senses to gather information and taking note of what

occurs is called making .

4. A logical explanation of an observation that is drawn from prior knowledge

or experience is called a(n) .

5. A hypothesis is a possible explanation for an observation that can be tested

by scientific .

6. A statement about what will happen next in a sequence of events is called

a(n) .

7. Testing a hypothesis includes: design a(n) , make

a model, gather and evaluate evidence, and collect data/record observations.

8. Three ways to analyze are: graph results, classify

information, and make calculations.

9. To communicate their results, scientists might write scientific

articles, speak at science conferences, or exchange

information on the Internet.


Lesson Outline

Name Date Class

Lesson Outline continued

D. Scientific Theory

1. An explanation of observations or events based on knowledge gained from many

observations and investigations is called a(n) .

2. The theory, which explains the behavior and energy

of particles that make up a gas, is an example of a scientific theory.

E. Scientific Law

1. A rule that describes a repeatable pattern in nature is called

a(n) .

2. A scientific law only states that a pattern will happen; it does not explain

or how the pattern happens.

F. Results of Scientific Inquiry

1. The practical use of scientific knowledge, especially for or commercial use, is called technology.

2. Scientific investigations can lead to the discovery of or events such as colliding galaxies.

3. Scientific investigations are often launched to answer

who, , when, where, or how questions.

G. Evaluating Scientific Information

1. information is information that is incorrectly

represented as being scientific.

2. Comparing what you already know with the information you are given, in order

to decide whether you agree with it, is called .

H. Science cannot answer all questions.

1. Science cannot answer questions that deal with , values,personal opinions, and feelings.

2. Science cannot answer some questions because it is impossible to objectively collect

about these topics.

I. Safety in Science

1. You should always wear equipment when you beginscientific inquiry.

2. To be safe while doing science, you should learn the meaning of

symbols.

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Scientific InquiryDirections: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. Each term isused only once.

1. a statement of what will happen next in asequence of events

2. an explanation of observations or events that isbased on knowledge from many observations andinvestigations

3. a logical explanation of an observation that isdrawn from prior knowledge or experience

4. a possible explanation for an observation that canbe tested by scientific investigations

5. the investigation and exploration of naturalevents and the new information that results fromthose investigations

6. using one or more of your senses to gatherinformation and taking note of what occurs

7. a rule that describes a repeatable pattern in nature

8. the practical use of scientific knowledge,especially for industrial or commercial use

9. comparing what you already know with theinformation you are given in order to decidewhether you agree with it

A. science

B. observation

C. hypothesis

D. prediction

E. inference

F. scientific theory

G. critical thinking

H. technology

I. scientific law


Content Practice A

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Scientific InquiryDirections: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Some termsmay be used more than once or not at all.

branches earth science hypothesis kinetic molecular theorylaw of conservation life science natural organismsphysical science processes radioactivity science

1. Marie Curie was a scientist who won two Nobel prizes in the early 1900s for her work

with .

2. Scientific study is organized into several , or parts.

3. Physics, the study of matter and energy, is a(n) .

4. Earth scientists study the many that occur on Earth.

5. Life scientists study life and the many processes that occur in

living .

6. Often, scientists begin the process of scientific inquiry by observing the

world.

7. After scientists create a(n) , they try to predict the results orconclusions of their observations.

8. The explains that the particles that make up a gas move

in constant, random motion.

9. The of energy states that in any chemical reaction orphysical process, energy is not created or destroyed.

10. cannot answer questions that deal with beliefs, values,personal opinions, and feelings.


Content Practice B

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Scientific InquiryDirections: Use your textbook to complete the activity.

Fill in the table to describe some of the steps in scientific inquiry. For each step, write adetailed description in the right column of the table.

Step Description

Ask questions a.

Hypothesize and predict b.

Test hypothesis c.

Analyze results d.

Draw conclusions e.

Communicate results f.


School to Home

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Scientific InquiryKey Concept What are some steps used during scientific inquiry?

Directions: Answer each question or respond to each statement on the lines provided.

1. How do scientists help shape the future?

2. Describe how Marie Curie overcame bias to excel in science.

3. What are some of the technologies made possible by the pioneering work of MarieCurie and her associates?

4. What is unique about the series of procedures used in the scientific method?

5. Describe the relationship between hypotheses and predictions.


Key Concept Builder

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Scientific InquiryKey Concept What are some steps used during scientific inquiry?

Directions: Use the diagram to answer each question or respond to each statement on the lines provided.

1. At which stage of scientific inquiry would you state a problem?

2. Why do you think Hypothesize and Predict are paired?

Directions: Draw another version of the scientific inquiry process in the space provided. Be sure to include eachof the following steps: Ask Questions, Hypothesize and Predict, Test Hypothesis, Analyze Results, Draw Conclusions,Communicate Results.


Key Concept Builder

Ask Questions• Make observations• State a problem• Gather information

Hypothesizeand

Predict

Test Hypothesis• Design an experiment• Make a model• Gather and evaluate

evidence• Collect data/record

observations

Repeat severaltimes to confirm

Modify/ReviseHypothesis

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Scientific InquiryKey Concept What are the results of scientific inquiry?

Directions: Complete the chart by writing the letter of each phrase or statement under the correct heading.

A. When a hypothesis (or a group of closely related hypotheses) is supportedthrough many tests over many years, this can develop.

B. Sometimes a hypothesis is used to explain a pattern in nature and if thispattern occurs every time under the same circumstances, the hypothesiscan become this.

C. a rule that describes a pattern in nature

D. an explanation of observations or events that is based on knowledgegained from many observations and investigations

E. usually does not develop from a single hypothesis, but from manyhypotheses that are connected by a common idea

F. kinetic molecular theory

G. law of conservation of energy

H. based on repeated observations and can be rejected or modified

Scientific Theory Scientific Law Both


Key Concept Builder

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Scientific InquiryKey Concept What is critical thinking?

Directions: On the line before each answer, write the letter of the question that matches it correctly. Eachquestion is used only once.

A. What is pseudoscientific information?

B. What are safety symbols?

C. What is critical thinking?

D. What is skepticism?

E. How does skepticism relate to scientific literacy?

F. What should be done if new information sounds unreliable?

G. What is an opinion?

1. a personal view, feeling, or claim about a topic

2. comparing what you already know with the information you are given in orderto decide whether you agree with it

3. icons meant to alert you to hazards in scientific investigations

4. research and find more information about the topic or dismiss the informationas unreliable

5. A scientifically literate person investigates information to see if it is misrepresented.

6. doubting the truthfulness of something

7. something that is incorrectly presented as scientific


Key Concept Builder

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

When did science begin?The word science comes from the Latin

word scientia, meaning “knowledge.” In itsbroadest sense, science refers to anyorganized body of knowledge that canresult in a prediction. As it is used today,science generally refers to a system ofgaining knowledge about the natural worldby using the scientific method, which youlearned about in this lesson. So is thescientific method a modern invention?

Natural PhilosophyBefore the 1700s, the study of nature was

referred to as natural philosophy. Naturalphilosophers studied nature by thinkingabout it. One of the most famous naturalphilosophers was Aristotle, who lived in thefourth century B.C. Aristotle’s method was tosummarize previous thinking about a subjectand then present his own arguments andideas. Aristotle based his explanations onhow things appeared to the senses. Forexample, he stated that heavier things fallfaster—the speed being proportional to theweight. He did not experiment, though.

Was Aristotle correct?If you drop a stone and a piece of paper,

the heavier object falls faster. This madeAristotle’s idea seem logical. But had heactually dropped two objects that were not

affected by air resistance, such as a brickand a half-brick, he would have seen thatthey fell at the same speed. Aristotle was sohighly respected that, even when laterscientists showed that his ideas wereincorrect, some people did not believe it.

Scientific MethodsMany think that scientific methods began

with the scientific revolution in Europe inthe 1600s. Actually, the first experimentalscientific method was used by severalscientists in about 1000 A.D.

Isaac Newton is often credited with majordiscoveries about light and optics in the1700s. More than 700 years earlier, ascientist named Alhazen experimented withreflection, refraction, mirrors, and lenses. Healso calculated the speed of light and knewthat white light contained all the colors.

The word empirical refers to testinghypotheses using observation orexperiment. Alhazen developed the use ofempirical methods. He quantified hisobservations by making carefulmeasurements and is often know as thefather of the scientific method. Otherscientists of the time used similar methodsto study effective medical treatments,motion, and astronomy.

Applying Critical-Thinking SkillsDirections: Answer each question or respond to each statement.

1. Evaluate the following idea: Because a person has ideas that seem to explain much ofwhat we observe in nature, no experiments need to be done to prove those ideas.

2. Apply If Aristotle was incorrect about falling objects, why do the paper and brickappear to fall at the different speeds? Under what conditions would paper and a brickfall at the same speed?


Enrichment

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Hypotheses and PredictionsYou have learned that a hypothesis is a possible explanation that can be tested through

observation and experimentation. Hypotheses must be testable; that is, you must be able toconduct tests based on the hypothesis and observe results, or the hypothesis is invalid. Forexample, consider the following hypothesis: A universe exactly like ours exists next to ours,but we have no way to contact it. You cannot contact the alternate universe, so thehypothesis cannot be tested and is invalid. However, the following hypothesis is valid: If Ibounce a tennis ball on the Moon, then it will bounce higher than it did on Earth becausethere is less gravity. This statement can be tested.

Not only must a hypothesis be testable, it must be possible to disprove the hypothesis.Consider this hypothesis: Sea monster repellent works because no one has ever seen a seamonster while using it. To disprove this hypothesis, someone would have to see a sea monsterwhile using the repellent. Because this cannot happen, you cannot disprove the hypothesisand it is invalid.

Hypotheses are part of predictions, but these predictions are not about something that willoccur in the future. They are about something that is occurring right now but has not beenexplained. Some predictions suggest the reason something occurs or a connection betweentwo or more events. Observations can lead to the development of a hypothesis, and aprediction is written based on that hypothesis.

Identify a Valid HypothesisFor the following statements, circle VH (for valid hypothesis) or NVH (for not a valid

hypothesis.) For those that aren’t valid, briefly explain what is wrong with them.

1. Dinosaurs became extinct because mammals ate all the dinosaur eggs. VH NVH

2. The best method of curing hiccups is to hold your breath. VH NVH

3. These plants grow faster when planted in compost rather than in soil. VH NVH

4. The presence of air will not affect the rate of fall of an object. VH NVH


Challenge

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Scientific InquiryMatchingDirections: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. Each term isused only once.

Matching Set 1 1. using one or more senses to gather information

and take note of what occurs


3. the practical use of scientific knowledge, especiallyfor industrial or commercial use

A. hypothesis

B. observation

C. technology

Matching Set 2 4. the investigation and exploration of natural

events and of the new information that resultsfrom those investigations


6. a logical explanation of an observation that isdrawn from prior knowledge and experience

D. inference

E. science

F. critical thinking

CompletionDirections: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Each termis used only once.

life science physical science scientific law scientific theory

7. Chemical reactions, gravity, and atoms are topics in the fieldof .

8. A is an explanation of observations or events that is basedon knowledge gained from many observations and investigations.

9. The field of includes the topics of cells and the interactionsof living things.

10. A is a rule that describes a repeatable pattern in nature.


Lesson Quiz A

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Scientific InquiryMatchingDirections: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. Not all termsare used.

1. using one or more senses to gather informationand take note of what occurs


3. the practical use of scientific knowledge, especiallyfor industrial or commercial use

4. the investigation and exploration of naturalevents and of the new information that resultsfrom those investigations


6. a logical explanation of an observation that isdrawn from prior knowledge and experience

A. inference

B. hypothesis

C. observation

D. technology

E. critical thinking

F. science

G. scientific law

CompletionDirections: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Not allterms are used.

Earth science life science physical sciencescientific investigation scientific law scientific theory

7. Chemical reactions, gravity, and atoms are topics in the fieldof .

8. A(n) is an explanation of observations or events that isbased on knowledge gained from many observations and investigations.

9. The field of includes the topics of cells and the interactionsof living things.

10. A(n) is a rule that describes a repeatable pattern in nature.


Lesson Quiz B

lesson 1 | scientific inquirymarlinscience.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/5/2/11525368/... · web...

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