lesson four (ss8h2b) – the student will evaluate the...

SS8H2 – The student will analyze the colonial period of Georgia’s history.

Lesson Four (SS8H2b) – The student will evaluate the Trustee Period of Georgia’s colonial history, emphasizing the role of the Salzburgers, Highland Scots, malcontents, and

Spanish threat from Florida.

The Trustee Period (1733-1752) was an extremely difficult time in Georgia’s history:

1. Unlike prosperous South Carolina, Georgia was unable to grow large amounts of crops to benefit England. Aside from small

crops of rice and silk, most farmers struggled in Georgia.

2. Georgia’s settlers lived under the constant threat of attack from Spain.

3. Many settlers became unhappy with Georgia’s policies, particular the rules against slavery and land ownership. They were so troublesome to the Trustees that they were called the malcontents (because they were discontent with life in Georgia).




One of the few groups to prosper in Georgia was group of Lutherans from the German town of Salzburg. Searching for

religious freedom, the Salzburgers were invited to settle in Georgia.




The Salzburgers founded the town of Ebenezer, 25 miles north of Savannah. There, they focused on producing silk and raising

cattle (or burger).




A deeply religious and hard-working community, the Salzburgers enjoyed great success in Georgia.

Many still live in New Ebenezer today.




Another ethnic group, the Highland Scots, were recruited to come to Georgia. Renowned for the fighting ability, they were recruited

in order to help defend against the threats from hostile Indians and from Spain.




The Highland Scots settled in the town of Darien in January 1736. Well-known for bravery and determination in battle, they would

make up the backbone of Georgia’s defenses.




Despite the positive contributions of the Salzburgers and the Highland Scots, the Trustee Period was still a troubled time.




THE WAR OF JENKINS’ EAR (1739-1742):

•  In the 1730s, a British merchant ship was attacked by a Spanish war ship. The English were accused of piracy and the Captain,

Robert Jenkins, had his ear cut off by the Spanish.

•  This event, among several others, ignited a war between England and Spain.

•  Because Georgia was on the border of Spanish La Florida, James Oglethorpe began to fortify Georgia in case of a Spanish

invasion.





•  Just as Oglethorpe expected, a Spanish force invaded St. Simons Island in July 1742.

•  With a much smaller army, Oglethorpe was able to defeat the Spanish attack at the Battle of Bloody Marsh.





•  Because of the English victory at the Battle of Bloody Marsh, Spain gave up all claims to Georgia.

•  Though there were small border clashes over the next few years, any serious Spanish threat was permanently ended.




THE END OF THE TRUSTEE PERIOD

•  After his victory over Spain, Oglethorpe returned to England. He was married in 1744, and he never returned to Georgia.

•  Without Oglethorpe’s leadership, the Georgia colony began to fail miserably. Giving in to the malcontents, the Trustees relaxed

their rules on rum and slavery.

•  Frustrated with their failed experiment at creating a “worker’s paradise,” the Trustees gave the colony back to King George II in

1752, one year before the charter was supposed to expire.




What do you remember about… the Trustee Period???

1. The Salzbugers, a religious group from Germany, settled the town of ________. 2. In order to help with Georgia’s defense, Oglethorpe recruited the ______________. 3. Oglethorpe was extremely concerned about the military threat from _____. 4. The Highland Scots established the town of ______. 5. The angry colonists who complained about Georgia’s rules were the ___________. 6. Oglethorpe permanently ended the Spanish threat from Florida with his victory at the Battle of ____________. 7. Frustrated with the colony, the Trustees gave the colony back to the King in the year ____.





1. The Salzbugers, a religious group from German, settled the town of Ebenezer. 2. In order to help with Georgia’s defense, Oglethorpe recruited the ______________. 3. Oglethorpe was extremely concerned about the military threat from _____. 4. The Highland Scots established the town of ______. 5. The angry colonists who complained about Georgia’s rules were the ___________. 6. Oglethorpe permanently ended the Spanish threat from Florida with his victory at the Battle of ____________. 7. Frustrated with the colony, the Trustees gave the colony back to the King in the year ____.





1. The Salzbugers, a religious group from German, settled the town of Ebenezer. 2. In order to help with Georgia’s defense, Oglethorpe recruited the Highland Scots. 3. Oglethorpe was extremely concerned about the military threat from _____. 4. The Highland Scots established the town of ______. 5. The angry colonists who complained about Georgia’s rules were the ___________. 6. Oglethorpe permanently ended the Spanish threat from Florida with his victory at the Battle of ____________. 7. Frustrated with the colony, the Trustees gave the colony back to the King in the year ____.





1. The Salzbugers, a religious group from German, settled the town of Ebenezer. 2. In order to help with Georgia’s defense, Oglethorpe recruited the Highland Scots. 3. Oglethorpe was extremely concerned about the military threat from Spain. 4. The Highland Scots established the town of ______. 5. The angry colonists who complained about Georgia’s rules were the ___________. 6. Oglethorpe permanently ended the Spanish threat from Florida with his victory at the Battle of ____________. 7. Frustrated with the colony, the Trustees gave the colony back to the King in the year ____.





1. The Salzbugers, a religious group from German, settled the town of Ebenezer. 2. In order to help with Georgia’s defense, Oglethorpe recruited the Highland Scots. 3. Oglethorpe was extremely concerned about the military threat from Spain. 4. The Highland Scots established the town of Darien. 5. The angry colonists who complained about Georgia’s rules were the ___________. 6. Oglethorpe permanently ended the Spanish threat from Florida with his victory at the Battle of ____________. 7. Frustrated with the colony, the Trustees gave the colony back to the King in the year ____.





1. The Salzbugers, a religious group from German, settled the town of Ebenezer. 2. In order to help with Georgia’s defense, Oglethorpe recruited the Highland Scots. 3. Oglethorpe was extremely concerned about the military threat from Spain. 4. The Highland Scots established the town of Darien. 5. The angry colonists who complained about Georgia’s rules were the malcontents. 6. Oglethorpe permanently ended the Spanish threat from Florida with his victory at the Battle of ____________. 7. Frustrated with the colony, the Trustees gave the colony back to the King in the year ____.





1. The Salzbugers, a religious group from German, settled the town of Ebenezer. 2. In order to help with Georgia’s defense, Oglethorpe recruited the Highland Scots. 3. Oglethorpe was extremely concerned about the military threat from Spain. 4. The Highland Scots established the town of Darien. 5. The angry colonists who complained about Georgia’s rules were the malcontents. 6. Oglethorpe permanently ended the Spanish threat from Florida with his victory at the Battle of Bloody Marsh. 7. Frustrated with the colony, the Trustees gave the colony back to the King in the year ____.





1. The Salzbugers, a religious group from German, settled the town of Ebenezer. 2. In order to help with Georgia’s defense, Oglethorpe recruited the Highland Scots. 3. Oglethorpe was extremely concerned about the military threat from Spain. 4. The Highland Scots established the town of Darien. 5. The angry colonists who complained about Georgia’s rules were the malcontents. 6. Oglethorpe permanently ended the Spanish threat from Florida with his victory at the Battle of Bloody Marsh. 7. Frustrated with the colony, the Trustees gave the colony back to the King in the year 1752.


Lesson Five (SS8H2c) – The student will explain the development of Georgia as a royal colony with regard to land ownership, slavery, government, and the impact of the royal

governors.

Georgia as a Royal Colony (1752 – 1776)

•  In 1752, Georgia’s Trustees gave their charter back to King George II. Georgia became a Royal Colony, under the direct rule of the King of England.

•  Without the strict rules of the Trustees, Georgia began to quickly prosper. Savannah, the capital of colonial Georgia, became a busy port city and the residents became extremely wealthy!!!



governors.

Georgia as a Royal Colony (1752 – 1776)

•  Under royal control, the Georgia colonists were permitted to own land and own slaves.

•  Large plantations were built along the fertile rivers.

•  Farmers became wealthy raising rice, silk, indigo, corn, peas, wheat, rye, and tobacco.

•  Wealthy merchants in Savannah became important exporters of goods to England. •  Unfortunately, the backbone of Georgia’s agricultural economy was slave labor.

SS8E1 – The student will give examples of the kinds of goods and services produced in Georgia in different historical periods.


governors.

Georgia’s Growing Economy

TIME PERIOD

COLONIAL ANTE-BELLUM

POST WAR

WWII-TODAY

GOODS

SERVICES

* Georgia’s colonial economy was primarily agricultural, supported by slavery, with wealthy merchants and trade conducted in the port city and capital of Savannah.



governors.


TIME PERIOD


POST WAR

WWII-TODAY

GOODS

silk, rice, peas, indigo, corn, wheat, tobacco

SERVICES




governors.


TIME PERIOD


POST WAR

WWII-TODAY

GOODS

silk, rice, peas, indigo, corn, wheat, tobacco

SERVICES

spinners, weavers, artisans, trade


SS8E2 – The student will explain the benefits of free trade.


governors.


In the colonial days, Georgia’s economy was strongly supported by trade (exchanging one good for another or exchanging goods for

money). Wealthy merchants and craftsmen in Savannah traded with England and with other colonies. Trade was also conducted

extensively with the Indians.



governors.

Georgia’s Royal Governors:

1. Captain John Reynolds (1754-1756)

The King of England appointed a Royal Governor to represent him in Georgia. The Royal Governor answered only to the King.

•  Georgia’s first Royal Governor.

•  A former naval officer, Reynolds was stern and tried to rule Georgia

as a Captain commands a ship.

•  Extremely unpopular and confrontational, the King replaced

Reynolds after only three years.

REYNOLDS WAS TOO HOT!!!



governors.


2. Henry Ellis (1757-1760)


•  An explorer prior to being Governor.

•  Genuinely concerned about Georgia, he taught colonists about self-

government, budgets, and defense.

•  Popular with the legislature, Indians, and the colonists.

ELLIS WAS TOO COLD!!!

•  Old and sickly, Ellis had to resign his office due to the extreme heat and humidity and his poor health.



governors.


3. Sir James Wright (1760-1776)


•  The most popular and successful of all of Georgia’s Royal Governors.

•  Built a good relationship with the colonial legislature, negotiated treaties with the Indians, and opened millions

of acres for settlement.

•  Under James Wright, Georgia prospered and grew faster than any

other colony.

WRIGHT WAS JUST RIGHT!!!



governors.


Georgia was allowed some self-government. Its legislature (body of

representatives that make the colony’s laws) was called the

House of Assembly…

… but the Royal Governor, the colony’s executive (the person or

group who enforces/executes the law) was the final authority on

ALL MATTERS!!!



governors.

Georgia as a Royal Colony (1752 – 1776): Of all 13 colonies, Georgia was the most loyal to the King of

England

1. Georgia, founded in 1732, was the youngest colony (youngest children tend to have the strongest connection to their mother).

2. Under royal control, Georgia prospered and became extremely wealthy.

3. Georgia’s Royal Governor, Sir James Wright, was extremely popular with the colonists.



governors.

What do you remember about… the Royal Period???

_____ 1. Georgia’s first Royal Governor who was too stern A. John Reynolds and had conflicts with the colonists. B. Sir James Wright

_____ 2. Georgia’s second Royal Governor who was popular but too sick to remain in Georgia. C. House of Assembly

_____ 3. Georgia’s legislature (law-making body) D. Royal Governor _____ 4. The part of the government that enforces law E. Executive _____ 5. Georgia’s third Royal Governor. He was F. Henry Ellis

extremely popular and successful. _____ 6. Georgia’s Chief Executive and representative of

the King of England.



governors.


__A__ 1. Georgia’s first Royal Governor who was too stern A. John Reynolds and had conflicts with the colonists. B. Sir James Wright

_____ 2. Georgia’s second Royal Governor who was popular but too sick to remain in Georgia. C. House of Assembly






governors.



__F__ 2. Georgia’s second Royal Governor who was popular but too sick to remain in Georgia. C. House of Assembly






governors.




__C__ 3. Georgia’s legislature (law-making body) D. Royal Governor _____ 4. The part of the government that enforces law E. Executive _____ 5. Georgia’s third Royal Governor. He was F. Henry Ellis





governors.




__C__ 3. Georgia’s legislature (law-making body) D. Royal Governor __E__ 4. The part of the government that enforces law E. Executive _____ 5. Georgia’s third Royal Governor. He was F. Henry Ellis





governors.




__C__ 3. Georgia’s legislature (law-making body) D. Royal Governor __E__ 4. The part of the government that enforces law E. Executive __B__ 5. Georgia’s third Royal Governor. He was F. Henry Ellis





governors.




__C__ 3. Georgia’s legislature (law-making body) D. Royal Governor __E__ 4. The part of the government that enforces law E. Executive __B__ 5. Georgia’s third Royal Governor. He was F. Henry Ellis

extremely popular and successful. __D__ 6. Georgia’s Chief Executive and representative of


ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS:

Individuals, groups, and institutions affect society through intended and unintended

consequences. How did the Trustees affect Georgia society? What impact did the

Salzburgers have? How did Sir James Wright affect Georgia society?


Acknowledgements

Hodge, Cathy M. Time Travel Through Georgia. Athens, GA: WesMar Incorporated DBA/Voyager Publications, 2005.

Jackson, Edwin L., Mary E. Stakes, Lawrence R. Hepburn, Mary A. Hepburn. The

Georgia Studies Book: Our State and the Nation. Athens, GA: Carl Vinson Institute of Government, 2004.

Marsh, Carol. The Georgia Experience: 8th Grade Social Studies Teacher’s Edition

Student Workbook. Peachtree City, GA: Gallopade International, 2008.

lesson four (ss8h2b) – the student will evaluate the...

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