lesson ii phrases ppt

A Taste A Taste ofof

PHRASEPHRASEA Powerpoint Presentation on Grammar and CompositionA Powerpoint Presentation on Grammar and Composition

(an aid to Language Learning)(an aid to Language Learning)

Prepared By:Prepared By:

RUTH M. NARAG-MAGUDDAYAORUTH M. NARAG-MAGUDDAYAO

Instructor Instructor

A PHRASEA PHRASE

Is a group of related Is a group of related words, without either a words, without either a subject or a predicate.subject or a predicate.

• In General• Classification of Phrases• Uses of Phrases• Position of Phrases

PHRASESPHRASES

•As to function•As to form•As to Essentiality

Classification of PhrasesClassification of Phrases

• As to functionAs a noun (noun phrase)

‘The well-dressed young woman’ glanced at the mirror.

A prepositional phrase used as an adjective (adjective prepositional phrase)The book ‘on the top shelf’ needs to go back to the library tomorrow.

As a verb (phrasal verb)The well-dressed young woman ‘glanced at the mirror’.

A prepositional phrase used as an adverb (adverb prepositional phase)‘After dinner’, we all went to the movie.


PREPOSITIONAL PHRASESPREPOSITIONAL PHRASESThat acts as an adjective: A prepositional phrasethat modifies a noun & pronoun by telling “whatkind or which one” .

ADJECTIVESA beautiful French painting

was hung in the palace.

Mary took a boxed lunch.

ADJECTIVE PHRASESA French painting of great

beauty was hung in the palace.

Mary took lunch in a box.

Note: Adjective phrases usually modify nouns functioning as subjects, direct objects, indirect objects or predicate nominatives.

1.The mansion across the road has been abandoned.2.Let’s take a picture of the Eiffel Tower . 3.They gave the students on the bus a tour.4.France is a country with many charms.

A sentence may often have a series of two A sentence may often have a series of two or more adjective phrases. This may modify or more adjective phrases. This may modify the object of the preceding phrase.the object of the preceding phrase.

We bought tickets for the trip to Paris.

The painting of the palace in the museum is old.

Exercise 1Exercise 1Identifying PhrasesIdentifying Phrases

1. France is the second-largest country in Europe.

2. The capital city of the Philippines is Manila.3. Lyon, Toulouse and Marseille are three other

major cities in France.4. The nickname of Singapore is Lion City.5. The country borders two major bodies of

water: the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea.

Write each sentence underlining the adjective Write each sentence underlining the adjective phrase or phrases in each. Then draw an arrow from phrase or phrases in each. Then draw an arrow from each phrase to the word it modifies.each phrase to the word it modifies.

Quiz No.2Quiz No.2

1.The Pyrenees Mountains along the southern border separate France and Spain.

2.One border country to the east of France is Switzerland.

3.North of France is the tiny principality of Luxembourg.

4.France controls a group of islands in the Pacific.

5.A rough estimate of the country’s population is sixty million.

Write each sentence underlining the adjective phrase or Write each sentence underlining the adjective phrase or phrases in each. Then draw an arrow from each phrase phrases in each. Then draw an arrow from each phrase to the word it modifies.to the word it modifies.

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASESPREPOSITIONAL PHRASES That acts as an adverb: A prepositional phrase

that modifies a verb, an adj.,or adv. By pointing out where, when, in what way, or to what extent.

ADverbsShe ran swiftly.

They were happy there.

ADverb PHRASESShe ran with speed.

(in what way?)They were happy at the French

cafe. (where?)

Note: Adverbial phrases don’t usually modify the nearest word it modifies. It answers the question Where?,When?,In what way?,or To extent?

1.The runner dashed past spectators. Modifying a verb2.The Loire Valley is rich in historical buildings. Modifying an adj. 3.The french exchange student arrived late for class. Modifying an adv.

Like adj. phrases, two or more adverb Like adj. phrases, two or more adverb phrases may modify the same word.phrases may modify the same word.

In the afternoon, we walked to Notre Dame.

An alpine village vanished during the avalanche.

During the avalanche, an alpine village vanished.

1.France’s geography is marked by various natural formations.

2.Several large rivers cut across the country.3.Without a doubt, the Seine River is the most

important French River.4.It flows through Paris and empties into English

Channel.5.The Rhone, Loire and Rhine rivers are also

important to France.

Exercise 2Exercise 2Identifying PhrasesIdentifying Phrases

Write each sentence underlining the adverb phrase Write each sentence underlining the adverb phrase or phrases in each. Then draw an arrow from each or phrases in each. Then draw an arrow from each phrase to the word it modifies.phrase to the word it modifies.

Quiz No.3Quiz No.3

1. Two impressive mountain ranges exist within French territory.

2. The French Alps rise majestically near France’s southwestern boundary.

3. Europe’s second-highest peak is located within this mountain range.

4. Cable cars carry skiers high up the mountain.

5. The Pyrenees Mountains stretch along the Spanish border.

Write each sentence underlining the adverb phrase Write each sentence underlining the adverb phrase or phrases in each. Then draw an arrow from each or phrases in each. Then draw an arrow from each phrase to the word it modifies.phrase to the word it modifies.

Appositives and Appositive PhrasesAppositives and Appositive Phrases The term appositive comes from the Latin verb meaning “to

put near or next to”.

An appositive is a noun or pronoun placed next to another noun or pronoun to identify, rename, or explain it.

Ex. Some French villagers, the old-timers, prefer to travel the dirt roads. (unrestrictive – not essential)

Her greatest attribute, charm, was not enough. (unrestrictive – not essential)

The artist Monet was a great French painter. (restrictive – essential)

Exercise No. 3Exercise No. 3

1.Ernest Hemingway, a famous author, wrote in a terse style. (as a subject)

2.The chef prepared escargots, a snail dish.(w/D.O.)3.I brought my brother, a boy of six, a souvenir

from the Louvre.(w/an I.O)4.I chose the color purple, an unusual color for a

house.(w/an Objective Complement)5.My favorite food was cassoulet, a hearty stew.

(w/a Predicate Nominative)6.Store the onions in the cellar, a cool, dry place. (w/the object of preposition)

Appositives and Apositive phrases may also Appositives and Apositive phrases may also be compound.be compound.

Armand, both his schoolmate and

his confidant, was always welcome in the

house.TWO SENTENCES:Marseille is located on the

Mediterranean Sea. The city is an important French seaport.

COMBINED:Marseille, an important French seaport, is located on the Mediterranean Sea.

Quiz No.4Quiz No.4Combine each pair of sentences by turning one of them Combine each pair of sentences by turning one of them

into an appositive phraseinto an appositive phrase1.France’s educational system is one of Europe’s best. It is

subsidized by the government.2.Children are required to attend school until they reach early

adulthood. That is generally sixteen years of age.3.Ecoles educate children six through ten years old. Ecoles are

French primary schools.4.Lycees are attended by the students between the ages of

eleven and eighteen. Lycees are French secondary schools.5.Jean-Luc attends a religious school, as do nearly one fifth of

the students in France. Jean-Luc is a tenth grader.

6.7.8.9.10.

Cont. Cont. Quiz No.4Quiz No.4

•As to formVerb phraseVerbal phrasePrepositional phraseParticipial phraseInfinitive phrase


Gerundial phraseAbsolute phraseElliptical phraseParenthetical

phraseIntroductory phrase

Classification of PhrasesClassification of Phrases1. Verb Phrase – consists of a verb and the words that “help” the verb along. e.g. to be (is,are, was,were,am,be,being,been), has,do can,may,shall, and will.

2. Verbal Phrase – consists of verbals plus other modifying words. Verbals are the participial, infinitive, and gerundial.

3. Prepositional Phrase – phrase that begins with a preposition and shows the rel. Of a noun and pronoun to the rest of a sentence. Consists of a preposition, an object (noun or pronoun) and its modifiers.

4. Participial Phrase – introduced by a participle or an adverbial modifier combined w/a participle (a verb ending in “ing” or “ed” that serves as an adjective. Studying hard, he soon finished the course.

5. Infinitive Phrase – formed by an infinitive (the word “to” followed by a verb)and its related words. It may serve as an adjective, adverb or noun.

Classification of PhrasesClassification of Phrases6. Gerundial phrase – formed by a verb ending in “ing” (gerund) andits related words. It functions as a noun. Note: The difference bet.a Participial phrase and a Gerundial phrase is that the former emphasizesthe doer, while the latter emphasizes the activity.

7. Absolute phrase – this phrase has nothing grammatically to do w/the rest of the sentence. It conveys only as an “aside” comment. He entered the judge’s chamber, hat in hand, to beg for clemency.

8. Elliptical phrase – refers to words that are missing but understood from the sentence. They follow the words “as” and “than”. A comma is sometimes used to show the words missing.

9. Parenthetical phrase – used to qualify or explain a statement. It interrupts the main thought w/o adding essential info. Pedro, I understand, grew up in the Philippines.

10. Introductory phrase – a phrase used to introduce the sentence. It may prepositional, infinitive, or participial phrase.

• As to Essentiality– Maybe classified into restrictive or non-

restrictive.

Example:

Baguio City, which is the summer capital of the Philippines, has an elevation of 5,500 feet above sea level. (non-restrictive)

People who live in glass houses should not throw stones.

(restrictive)


Note:Restrictive phrases identify a person or thing. They cannot be omittedwithout beclouding or changing the meaning of the sentence.. They are parentheticals and are not enclosed between commas.

Uses of PhrasesUses of Phrases• Phrases may serve as a noun, adjective, or

adverb.

A noun phrase is used as subject or objectI learned what he had done in school

An adjectival phrase is one that modifies a noun or pronoun

Her tastefully furnished house is insured.

An adverbial phrase modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. It may function as a single adverb.

He waited for a long time.

Position of PhrasesPosition of Phrases

• Always place a modifying phrase as close as possible to what it describes.

WRONG: The guard admitted the visitor with misgivings.

(Who has the misgivings?) CORRECT:

With misgivings, the guard admitted the visitor.

Remarks :

This presentation is a part and parcel of the ways to learning the English Language. Interaction among students with the teacher as facilitator is still the best learning strategy.

All additional examples, exercises, seatworks, quizzes and other means to enhance learning are illustrated/ shown on board, hand-outs, and other instructional materials.

References:

• Painless Grammar by Rebecca Elliott, PhD

• Fundamentals of English Grammar by Isagani Cruz

• The McGraw Hill Handbook of English Grammar and Usage by Lester Beason

• Be your own English Teacher! Grammar Review by Learning for Empowerment and Development (LEAD Inc.)

• Writing and Grammar Communication in Action by Prentice Hall

lesson ii phrases ppt

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