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Lesson Plan By Lynn Tilley, NBCT and OKAGE TC Library Media Specialist Comanche Public Schools Comanche, Oklahoma ltilley@comanche.k12.ok.us FORT SILL: VALUABLE RESOURCE ON THE SOUTHERN PLAINS http://www.legendsofamerica.com/photos-oklahoma/Fort%20sill,%20Caleb%20Henry%20Carlton,%201889-500.jpg Slide 2 Throughout history, progress or change has had both positive and negative effects on humans and the environment. How one perceives the change, as either good or bad, is influenced by ones perspective or relationship to the change that is happening. Slide 3 Manifest Destiny was a belief widely held in the 1800s that American settlers were destined to expand across the continent. Slide 4 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:American_progress.JPG The painting American Progress in 1872 by John Gast was an allegorical representation of the modernization of the new west. Slide 5 This idea affected people in different ways, especially Native Americans whose lands were being encroached upon or taken. http://urbane-chaos.hubpages.com/hub/OklahomaHistoryPioneerLifehttp://www.georgecatlin.org/Sioux-Indians-hunting-buffalo,-1835.jpg George Catlin Painting 1844 Buffalo Hunt Chase Settlers in Oklahoma 1886 Slide 6 While settlers were eager and joyful at the prospect of land ownership, native tribes fought back in what was called the Indian Wars (1860-1890). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Geronimo_and_his_warriors.jpg Geronimo and his warriors 1886 before his surrender to General Crook Many tribes fought back. The Indian Wars (1860-1890) Slide 7 http://www.history.army.mil/books/AMH/Map14-35.jpg Slide 8 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Bird's_eye_view_of_old_Fort_Sill.jpg Fort Sill Date Unknown Most Likely Late 1800s Fort Sill was established by Major General Philip H. Sheridan, January 8, 1869, during a massive winter campaign against the Indians. It is the only active Army installation built during the Indian Wars that survives today. Slide 9 http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~232~20043:Indian-Territory-With-Parts-Of-Neig 1 st Lieut. Henry Jacksons, U.S. 7 th Cavalry, 1869 Map of Indian Territory Slide 10 The area was first visited in 1834 by the First Dragoon Expedition from Fort Gibson. Led by General Henry Leavenworth, and later Col. Henry Dodge, members of the expedition included artist George Catlin, and 1 st Lt. Jefferson Davis. http://americanart.si.edu/images/1985/1985.66.353_1b.jpg George Catlin Painting Comanche Warriors, with White Flag, Receiving the Dragoons Slide 11 http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~prsjr/families/ok/maps/map_027.jpg Forts, Camps, and Military Roads 1817 -1876 Slide 12 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/William_S._Soule_-_Medicine_Bluff.jpg/800px-William_S._Soule_-_Medicine_Bluff.jpg Winter of 1868-1869 Photo of Col. Benjamin Grierson and some of his officers at Medicine Bluff Creek. Medicine Bluff, sacred to Native Americans, can be seen in the background. Col. Grierson was Fort Sills first Commanding Officer. Slide 13 Col. Benjamin Grierson was a distinguished military officer with many contributions to our nation during his military career. Of note, he organized the 10 th U.S. Cavalry (Buffalo Soldiers), supervised the building of Fort Sill, and saved the life of visiting General William Sherman during a confrontation with Kiowa warriors at Fort Sill, May 27, 1871. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Benjamin_H_Grierson.JPG Slide 14 http://sill-www.army.mil/Museum/FSNHLM/img/P1446.png 1885 view of Sherman House at Fort Sill Traditional home of Commanding General Place where Gen. Sherman incident took place Slide 15 Sherman House as it looks at Fort Sill today http://img.groundspeak.com/waymarking/display/2dba4356-1c67-452b-8a79-1a027f2a2d2c.JPG Slide 16 http://cdn.supadupa.me/shop/14281/images/1081392/oklahoma_1869_16__19_5_frame_grande.jpg?1375922182 Indian Territory 1869 Slide 17 http://www.friendslittlebighorn.com/images/oldftsill2.jpg Early day photo of Fort Sill Fort Sill continued to grow. Slide 18 http://sill-www.army.mil/Museum/FSNHLM/ http://sill-www.army.mil/Museum/FSNHLM/img/P1279.png 1890s Children being sprinkled with a water Hose by Lt. Tommy Tompkins, 7 th Cavalry. http://sill-www.army.mil/museum/_img/guard.jpg Old Guard House http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/a/images/AP003A.jpg Slide 19 http://sill-www.army.mil/Museum/FSNHLM/img/P2703.png 1896 Childrens school held in post chapel. Slide 20 http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth17159/m1/1/med_res/ 1890 Kiowa & Comanche Camp near Fort Sill, Indian Territory. Slide 21 In its one hundred forty-four year history, Fort Sills mission has evolved, yet the value of its human resources remains the same. Many different individuals have spent time at Fort Sill and made their mark on history. Others perhaps remained nameless, yet were just as valuable in the settlement of Indian Territory (later Oklahoma) and our nation. Though standing on both sides of the concept of Manifest Destiny, they have each made valuable contributions to our changing nation. Slide 22 http://www.rough-riders-buffalo-soldiers.com/menu.html Buffalo Soldiers of the 10 th Calvary were stationed at Fort Sill. This is photo of Rough Rider Buffalo Soldiers in late 1890s in Spanish-American War. Slide 23 1900 - At Fort Sill, a Dutch Reformed Church mission worker, Miss Vos, teaches kitchen work to Apache girls. http://blog.nmai.si.edu/main/2011/05/too-long-a-way-home-healing-journey-of-the-chiricahua-apaches.html Slide 24 http://amhistory.si.edu/militaryhistory/printable/section.asp?id=6 Poster showing continuing sales of Indian Land in the late 1890s. How might these Native Americans have felt about Manifest Destiny? Slide 25 http://www.pan-tex.net/usr/p/pampa-hist/quannah_.gifpload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/43/Quanahbusiness.GIF http://education.texashistory.unt.edu/lessons/primary%20source%20sets/Quanah%20Parker/images/metapth29402_l_02020202_QuanahParker.jpg Comanche Chief Quanah Parker Living in a changing world Slide 26 http://www.whitworthfamily.org/images/Star%20House-Quanah%20Parker%20s%20Home-01.jpg Star House Home of Comanche Chief Quanah Parker near Fort Sill Slide 27 http://www.firstpeople.us/photographs/Children-of-Quanah-Parker-Comanche-1892.html Children of Quanah Parker Living in two worlds Slide 28 http://i.historyorb.com/george-armstrong-custer.jpg Col. George A. Custer also spent time at Fort Sill. Slide 29 Geronimo and Son Natches Geronimo and Family at Fort Sill Geronimo in 1905 Automobile 101 Ranch, I.T. http://transcriptions.english.ucsb.edu/archive/topics/weaving-webs/images/geronimo.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Geronimo,_Natches,_son_of_Geronimo_(From_L._D._Greene_Album)._-_NARA_-_533085.jpg http://www.ausbcomp.com/%5C~bbott/cars/1905Loco/GERONIMOB.JPG Slide 30 Cadet Henry O. Flipper Sergeant I-See-O Kiowa Indian Scout Col. Albert Gallatin Boone http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-39shWKjIEMk/TsAiViJ0VjI/AAAAAAAAAx0/DohP6tDuAeY/s1600/300px-Henry_O._FlipperFtSill.jpg http://digital.library.okstate.edu/chronicles/v013/v013p341.html http://www.territorialkansasonline.org/~imlskto/cgi-bin/index.php?SCREEN=view_image&document_id=101370&file_name=h004054 What were their contributions at Fort Sill? Slide 31 Your Assignment: To discover how the life of an individual, or group of individuals, was associated with Fort Sill in the 1800s, what contribution they made either to the local area, Indian Territory (later Oklahoma), or to our Nation, and what their perspective might have been regarding the idea of Manifest Destiny. Slide 32 http://sill-www.army.mil/_images/_header/fcoe-logo.png http://media.kval.com/images/gatekval.jpg