lessons 27-28: passive voice ablative of agent transitive/intransitive verbs nov. 10-17, 2014
TRANSCRIPT
Lessons 27-28:Passive Voice
Ablative of AgentTransitive/Intransitive Verbs
Nov. 10-17, 2014
All About Verbs!
• Latin verbs have FIVE (5) characteristics:– Person– Number– Tense– Voice– Mood
Person
• Person=1st, 2nd, 3rd • Who is doing/did it?
Number
• Number=Singular, Plural• How many?
Person + NumberChart!
Singular Plural
1st person I… we…2nd person you you (y’all )…3rd person he, she, they …
it…
Tense
• Tense=Time (see below)• When did it happen?
IMPERFECT
PLUPERFECT(PAST PERFECT)
PRESENT
FUTURE PERFECT
FUTURE PERFECT
Voice
• Voice: Active, Passive• Is the subject performing the action, or being
acted upon?
Mood
• Mood: Indicative, Imperative, Subjunctive• Indicative: statements of fact, simple
questions (we’ve used this since Latin 1)• Imperative: commands (we’ve used this since
Latin 1, too!)• Subjunctive: conditions, possibilities, other
special uses (wait until Latin 3!)
Passive Voice
• Passive Voice does NOT necessarily mean past tense.
• It refers to whether the subject is performing the action, or…
• …if the subject is being performed upon by something/someone else.
In the active voice, the subjectPERFORMS THE ACTION of the verb.
Puellae aquam
portant.
The girls carry water.
In the passive voice, the subject is ACTED UPON by the verb.
Aqua a puellis
portatur.
(The water is carried by the girls.)
• The horse is kicking the man.
• The girl will sing a song.
• Mom was cooking dinner.
• The man is being kicked by the horse.
• A song will be sung by the girl.
• Dinner was being cooked by Mom.
Active vs. PassiveChange the following sentences to passive voice. Do NOT change the sentence’s
meaning or tense!
Ablative of Agent
• The words “a” and “ab” can mean “by” in Latin.
• They are used with passive voice verbs to tell “by whom” something is done.
Ablative of Agent
• The noun (agent) will be in the ablative case.• Ablative endings:• -a, -o (singular)• -is (plural).
Aqua a puellis portatur.
ABLATIVE OF AGENT
In Latin, there are special endings to show that the verbs are in the passive voice!
First, let’s review the ACTIVE endings of the present tense.
Portare—present active voice
•porto•portas•portat
•portamus•portatis•portant
Portare—present passive voice
•portor• I am (being) carried…
•portaris• you are (being) carried…
•portatur
•portamur
•portamini
•portantur
Imperfect Tense---passive voice
• -bar• I was being verbed
• -baris• you were being verbed
• -batur• he/she/it was being verbed
• -bamur• we were being verbed
• -bamini• Y’all were being verbed
• -bantur• They were being verbed
Future Tense---passive voice 1st/2nd conjugation
• -bor• I will be verbed
• -beris• you will be verbed
• -bitur• he/she/it will be verbed
• -bimur• we will be verbed
• -bimini• y’all will be verbed
• -buntur• they will be verbed
Future Tense---passive voice 3rd/4th conjugation
• -ar• I will be verbed
• -eris• you will be verbed
• -etur• he/she/it will be verbed
• -emur• we will be verbed
• -emini• y’all will be verbed
• -entur• they will be verbed
Transitive vs. Intransitive
• In English and Latin, if a verb has a direct object, it is called transitive.
• If a verb does not have a direct object, it is called intransitive.
Transitive vs. Intransitive
• In English and normally in Latin, transitive verbs are the ones you can use with passive voice (because you can switch the subject/direct object).