let’s learn riwayat warsh

Let’s Learn

Riwayat Warsh

Compiled by:

Dr.Reham Nasrat

Reviewed by:

Miranda Martin

Let’s Learn Riwayat WarshCompiled by: Reham Nasrat Reviewed by: Miranda Martin

الت�صميم والإخراج الفني

مكتب �صاد للتجهيز الفني للطباعة

الطبعة الأولى: 2021م

رقم الإيداع: 2021/10666

الترقيم الدولي: 5 - 102 - 997 - 977 - 978

جميع حق�ق الطبع محف�ظة للم�ؤلف

Foreword

This book serves as a brief explanation of the principles detailed in the narration of Imam Warsh.

May Allah accept this work in His cause and make it help-ful to those who desire to learn more about this noble science.

My gratitude goes out to my dear father—may Allah re-ward him—who has supported me very much, and continues to do so.

I am very grateful to my whole family.

5

Biography of Imam Warsh

Name: Abu Sa’id Uthman Ibn Sa‘id al-Qutbi

Well known as: Warsh (because of his white skin)

Date of birth: 110 after Hijra

Date of death: 197 after Hijra

Country of origin: Egypt

His pursuit of knowledge: He traveled to Medina to learn his recitation

from Imam Naafi, then he returned back to Egypt. Finally, he became the

senior reciter of the Qur’an in Egypt.

This riwaayah (recitation style) is prevalent in North Africa, Andalusia

(Islamic Spain), Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Nigeria, and parts of Libya.

7

Isti’adha.

Definition

Devotion to Allah and requesting Allah’s protection against Satan.

Its Ruling

Majority opinion has stated that it is mandub (preferable), but other

scholars have said that it is wajib (obligatory).

Isti’adha Wording:

A‘oothu billaahi min ash-shaytaanir-rajeem.

Or

A‘oothu billaahi as-samee al-’aleem min ash-shaytaanir-rajeem.

Meaning:

I seek refuge in Allah from the cursed Satan.

Isti’adha Wording in Arabic :

ڃ ڃ ڃ چ چ

8

The Basmallah

Definition:

It is the infinitive form of the verb ب�صمل (basmallah).

Its ruling:

It is wajib (obligatory) for you to say the basmallah when you start

reading the Qu’ran, except when you are reading Surat At-Tawba, in

which case you only have to say the isti’adha.

Basmallah Wording:

Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Raheem.

Meaning: In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

Basmallah Wording in Arabic:

ٱ ٻ ٻ

The Ruling concerning the Basmallah When Combining Two Surahs:

If you finish reading a surah and you are about to start another one,

you have three options:

1) Say the basmallah. البسملة

2) Pausing (As-Sakt) without saying the basmallah. السكت بدون بسملة

3) Joining (Al-Wasl) without basmallah. الوصل بدون بسملة

9

1) Basmallah: You can do one of these three options:

a) Qata’ al-jamee’ (قطع الجميع)

Stop at the end of the first surah, then says the basmallah.Then stop,

and then begin the next surah.

b) Wasl al-jammee’ (وصل الجميع)

Join the end of the first surah with the basmallah at the beginning of

the next surah.

c) Wasl al thanee belthaleth (وصل الثاني بالثالث)

Stop at the end of the first surah, then join the basmallah with the be-

ginning of the next surah.

2) As-Sakt without the basmallah:

(Pausing without saying the basmallah)

Stop at the end of the first surah without taking a breath (for approxi-

mately two beats), then start the next surah without the basmallah.

3) Al-Wasl (joining) without the basmallah

Join the end of the first surah with the beginning of the next surah to-

gether without saying the basmallah.

What’s the rule when reading the first two ayat (verses) of Surat Al-

Imran?

In Surah Al Imran we have a special rule when reading the first two

ayat (verses).

ثن ٱ ٻ ٻ ٻ ٻ پ پ پ پ ڀ ثم ]آل عمران: ١ - ٢[.

10

There are three options:

1) Al-Waqf (pausing).

2) Wasl (joining) with Ishba’aa

(Ishba’aa means an extension of six beats).

3) Wasl (joining) without Ishba’aa.

1) Al-Waqf (pausing)

Starting with ثن ٱثم then pausing then starting again with the word

. ثن ٻ ثم

2) Wasl with Ishba’aa:(Joining with six beats after the letter mīm)

Joining the mīm of ثن ٱ ثم with ishba’aa mean extension for meem for

six beats with the word ثن ٻ ثم..

3) Wasl without Ishba’aa: (joining with 2 beats only )

Joining the mīm of ثن ٱ ثم with two beats only) With the word ثن ٻ ثم

Al arba’a alzohr الأربع الزهر

There are special surahs in the Quran which have specific rules when

joining from the end of one surah to the beginning of the next .

These special surahs are called “Alrba’a az-Zohr”

(the four shining surahs).

What are these Four Surahs?

1- The ending of Surat al-Muddaththir with the beginning of the con-

secutive surah (Surat al-Qiyamah).

11

2- The ending of Surat al-Infitar with the beginning of the consecutive

surah (Surat al-Mutaffifeen).

3- The ending of Surat al-Fajr with the beginning of the consecutive

surah (Surat Al-Balad).

4- The ending of Surat al-Asr with the beginning of the consecutive

surah (Surat al-Humazah).

What is the Rule for These four Surahs?

Scholars have two different opinions (the reciter can apply any one of

them):

1-First opinion:

A) If the reciter usually joins between surahs in recitation, with these

four surahs the reciter should apply a Sakt (pause without breathing for

timing of two beats).

B) If the reciter usually recites with a Sakt, then with these four surahs

the reciter should say the basmallah.

2- Second Opinion:

It states that no changes take place (no breaking rule), which means:

If the reciter usually joins between surahs in recitation, then in the case

of these four surahs the reciter should also apply Al-Wasl (joining).

On the other hand, if the reciter usually recites with a Sakt (pause

without breathing), then in the case of these four surahs the reciter should

also apply Sakt.

12

Mīm al-Jaam’a (mīm plural)

Definition:

-It is Mīm )م) which designates the masculine plural.

-It is not part of the origin of the word.

-It should be preceded by one of these letters (ت، ك، هـ(

e .g: .أنتم، إنكم، إنهم

Its ruling:

1-If Mīm al- jaam’a is followed by hamzah with a haraka (haraka

means damaah or fathaa on top of the letter or kasra under the letter), you

should extend the mīm by six beats, e.g.

ثن ٻ پ پ ثم ]البقرة: ٦[.

2- If Mīm al-jaam’a is followed by any letter with a haraka other than

hamzah, you should pronounce mīm with sukoon normally without any

extension, e.g.:

ثن پ ڀ ثم ]البقرة: ٦[.

3- lf Mīm al-jaam’a is followed by a sākin letter,you should pronounce

Mīm with dammah without any extension.

E.g:

ثن ہ ھ ثم ]البقرة: ١٦٦[.

13

Exercise:

Circle Mīm al-jaam’a in the following examples:

��ک�ک�� ڍڍ�ڌ�ڌ�ڎ�ڎ�ڈ�ڈ�ژ�ژ�ڑڑ��ک� �ثن�ڇ�ڇ�ڇ�.]٢٠ ]البقــرة: ک�گ�گگ�گ�ڳ�ڳ�ڳ�ڳ�ڱ�ڱ�ثم

�ثن�ڤ�ڤ��ڦ�ڦ�ڦ�ڦ�ڄ�ڄ�ڄ��ڄ��

ڃ�ڃ�ڃ�ڃ�چ��چچ�چ�ڇ�ڇ�ڇ�ڇ�

ڍ��ڍ�ڌ�ثم ]المائــدة: ١٥[.

�ڍ�ڌ�ڌ�� ثن�چ�چ��چ�چ�ڇ�ڇ�ڇ�ڇ�ڍ�ڎ�ڎ�ڈ�ڈ�ژژ�ڑ��ڑ�ک�ک�ک�ک�گ�گ�گ�گ�ڳ�ڳڳ��ڳ�ڱ�ڱ�ڱ�ڱ�ں�ں��ڻ�ڻ��ڻ�ڻ�ۀۀ�ہ�

.]٧٢ ]الأنفــال: ہ�ہ�ہ�ھ�ثم

�ثن�چ�چ�ڇ�ڇ�ڇ�ڇ�ڍ��ڍ�ڌ�ڌڎ�ڎ�ڈ�ڈ��ژ�ژ��ڑ�ثم ]العنكبــوت: ٦٧[.

�ثن�ک�ک�ک�ک�گ��گ�گ�گ�ڳ�ڳ�ڳ�ڳ�ڱ�ڱ��ڱ��.]١٨ ]الفتــح: ڱ�ں�ں�ڻ�ڻ�ڻ�ثم

What is the rule for Mīm aAl jaam’a in the underlined examples

��ک�ک� � ��ڍڍ�ڌ�ڌ�ڎ�ڎ�ڈ�ڈ�ژ�ژ�ڑڑ��ک� ثن�ڇ�ڇ�ڇ�

.]٢٠ ]البقــرة: ک�گ�گگ�گ�ڳ�ڳ�ڳ�ڳ�ڱ�ڱ�ثم

ى�� ې�ې�ې�ې� �ثن�ۇٴ�ۋ�ۋ�ۅ�ۅ�ۉۉ�.]٢٨ ]البقــرة: ى�ئا�ئا�ثم

14

ثن�ۈ�ۈ�ۇٴ�ۋ�ۋ�ۅ�ۅ�ۉ�ۉ��ثم ]البقرة: ٤٦[.��

ثن�چ�ڇ�ڇ�ڇ�ڇ��ڍ�ثم ]الحجر: ٥٧[.��

ثن�ژ�ژ�ڑ��ڑ�ک�ک�ک�ثم ]الحجر: ٥٩[.��

15

Haa Al kenaya

)هاء الكناية(

Definition

-It’s an extra Haa (هاء).

-It can be joined at the end of nouns,verbs, or propositions.

-It designates the masculine plural.

Cases of Ha’ al-Kenaya:

It has four cases (according to Hafs and Warsh Riwayah).

1- First case:

Ha’ al-Kenaya is between two sākin letters.

Sākin » Ha’ al-Kenaya » Sākin

Examples:

ثن ڱ ڱ ثم ]البقرة: ١٨٥[.

The rule:

No Selah (no extension for ha’ al-kenaya).

2-Second case:

Ha’ al-kenaya is between two Mutahrk letters.

Mutahrk » Ha’ al-kenaya » Mutahrk.

16

Examples:

ثن ڭ ڭ ثم ]البقرة: ١١٦[.

The rule:

A) If ha’ al-kenaya is followed by hamzah apply selah (extension

for ha’ al-kenaya) of six beats.

B) If ha’ al-kenaya is followed by any other letter except hamza

apply Selah (extension for ha’ l-kenaya) of two beats.

3-Third case:

Ha’ al-kenaya is preceded by mutahrk letter and is followed by sākin

letter.

Mutahrk Ha’ al-kenaya Sākin

Examples:

ثن ڱ ڱ ثم ]البقرة: ٢٤٧[، ثن ی ی ثم ]القصص: ٧٠[.

The rule:

No selah (no extension for Ha’ Al-Kenaya).

4-Fourth case:

Ha’ al-kenaya is preceded by Sākin letter and is followed by mutahrk

letter.

Sākin Ha’ al-Kenaya Mutahrik

Examples:

ثن ڱ ڱ ثم ]آل عمران: ٧[.

17

The rule:

No selah (no extension for Ha’ al-Kenaya).

Exceptions:

There are some words which have different rules according to Riwayat

Warsh .

These words are :

ثن گ ثم ]الأعراف: ١١١[.Haa with kasra and selah.

ثن ی ثم ]النور: ٥٢[.Haa and Qaf with kasra and selah.

ثن گ ثم ]النمل: ٢٨[.Haa with kasra and selah.

ثن ڦ ڦ ڦ ثم ]الفرقان: ٦٩[.Haa with no selah.

ثن ٹ ٹ ثم ]الكهف: ٦٣[.Haa with kasra in wasl (joining).

ثن ٹ ٹ ثم ]الفتح: ١٠[.Haa with Kasra and tarqiq for the lam of the word الله

Exercises:

Write the rule for Ha’ Al-kenayatf In the following examples

ثن�ې�ې�ې�ى�ى�ئا�ئا�ئە�ئە��ثم ]الحجر: ٨٨[.��

18

ې�� ې� � ۅ�ۅ�ۉ�ۉ� �ۇٴ�ۋ�ۋ� ۈ�ۈ� �ثن�ئە�ئە�ئو� �ئا� ئا� ى� ى� ې�ې�

.]١٤ ]النحــل: �ثم ئو�ئۇ�

ثن ٹ ڤ ڤ ڤ ڤ ڦ ڦ ڦ ڦ ثم ]الفرقان: ٦٩[. �

ثن�ٱ�ٻ�ٻ��ٻ�ٻ��پ�پ��پ�پ��ڀ�ثم ]الملك: ١[.��

ثن گ گ گ گ ڳ ڳ ڳ ڳ ثم ]الأعراف: ١١١[. �

19

Al-Madd

The type of Madd How many Counts Exceptions

- The joined required Madd (Madd Muttasil)

6 counts No exceptions

- The separate optional Madd (Madd Munfaṣil)


- The Mandatory Madd (Madd Lazim)


The Madd of unoriginal Sukoon due to pausing (madd ared us-sookon)

2 or 4 or 6 counts No exceptions

Madd Badl 2 or 4 or 6 counts2 words + 3 princi-

ples (see below)

The Madd of Leen letters (Madd Leen)

4 or 6 counts 2 words (see below)

Exceptions for MADD al-Badal:

1. Two words: There are two words (repeated in the Qur’an) that

are read with qasr (two counts only)

ثن ڻ ثم ]النحل: ٦١[.

ثن�ڦ�ثم ]البقرة: ٤٠[.

20

2.Three principles:

A) When the letter hamzah is preceded by a sākin letter

E.g.:

ثن ۅ ثم ]الإسراء: ٣٤[.ثن ڱ ثم ]البقرة: ١٨٥[.

ثن چ ثم ]النور: ٣٩[.Practice:

For example, in the word ثن ۅ ثم before the letter hamzah there

is a letter that has a sukoon (Seen Sākinah), so Madd al-badl is read with

qasr (two counts).

B) Madd al-badl, which results from stopping on Madd al-ewad

E.g.:

ثن چ ثم ]النور: ٣٩[.

ثن�ے��ثم ]البقرة: ٢٢[Practice:

For example, in the word ثن چ ثم Madd al-badl is read with Qasr (two

counts).

C) When starting with hamzat ul-wasl, which is followed by Madd

letter.

E.g.:

ثن ٿ ٹ ثم ]التوبة: ٤٩[.

21

Exceptions for Madd Leen:

Two words in the QU’RAN are read with Qasr (two counts)

ثنڦثم ]التكوير: ٨[.

ثن ۅثم ]الكهف: ٥٨[.

Two hamzahs appearing in one word

الهمزتان في كلمة

There are 3 cases in which two hamzahs may appear together in one

word:

1- If the first hamzah is maftuhah and the second one is also maftuhah.

E.g:

ثن ٻ ثم ]هود: ٧٢[.

ثن ڄ ثم ]الملك: ١٦[.ثن پ ثم ]البقرة: ٦[.

The Rule:

There are wajhan (two options allowed.).

1. Tashil (tashil refers to reciting a hamzah with a blend of the long

vowel corresponding to the harakah)

So in this case you have to pronounce the second Hamza as a blend of

its sound and the sound of Alif.

22

2. Ibdāl (change)

Replacement of the second Hamza with the letter Mad Alif extended

for 6 counts if it is followed by sakin letters

E.g:

ثن پ ثم ]البقرة: ٦[.

ثن ڤ ثم ]المجادلة: ١٣[.or extended for 2 counts if it is followed by Mutaharrik letter

E.g:

ثن ٻ ثم ]هود: ٧٢[.

ثن ڄ ثم ]الملك: ١٦[.2- if the first hamzah is maftuhah and the second one is maksurah .

E.g:

ثن ئە ثم ]السجدة: ١٠[.ثن ڳ ثم ]النمل: ٦٠ [.

ثن ژ ثم ]يوسف: ٩٠[.ثن ې ثم ]الرعد: ٥[.

ثن ٹ ثم ]الأنعام: ١٩[.ثن ٺ ٺ ٺ ثم ]الشعراء: ٤١[.

The Rule:

one wajh (one option) is allowed

Tashil: will be made for the second hamzah .

(pronounce the second Hamza as a blend of its sound and the sound

of letter yaa).

23

3- if the first hamzah is maftuhah and the second one is madmumah.

Exists only in 4 places in the Qur’an

ثن ۋثم ]آل عمران: ١٥[.

ثن ڳ ڳ ڱثم ]ص: ٨[.

ثن اأوؤ�صهدواثم ]الزخرف: ١٩[.

ثن ئى ی ی ثم ]القمر: ٢٥[.Rule:

One wajh (option) is allowed.

Tashιl: will be made for the second hamzah .

(Pronounce the second Hamza as a blend of its sound and the sound of letter Waw).

Important notes:

1. in the following three words:

ثن ٺ ثم ]الكهف: ٦٣[.

ثن ڀ ثم ]الأنعام: ٤٦[.

ثن ڻ ثم ]الأنعام: ٤٠[.Apply Tashιl or Ibdal (replacement of the second Hamzah with Alif

extended by six counts).

2. In the following two words:

Apply Tashιl only in the case of pausing.

ثن ڍ ثم ]المائدة: ١١٦[.

ثن ٺ ثم ]الكهف: ٦٣[.

24

3. If there are three consecutive Hamzahs in one word:

ثن ڄ ثم ]الملك: ١٦[. ثن ۅ ثم ]الزخرف: ٥٨[.

The origin of theword

The word written in the Qur’an

The rule

ءءءمنتم ڄ Apply Tashιl for the second Hamzah andMadd for the Alif by 2, 4, or 6 counts

ءءءلهتنا ۅ Apply Tashιl for the second Hamzah andMadd for the Alif by 2, 4 ,6 counts

Excercise:

Write the rule for the following underlined examples:

ثن�ں�ڻ�ڻ�ڻ�ڻ�ۀ��ۀ�ہ�ہ�ہ�ہ�ھھ��ثم ]فصلت: ٩[. ��

ثن�ڻ��ڻ�ۀ��ۀ�ثم ]العلق: ٩[. ��

ثن ئى ی ی ثم ]القمر: ٢٥[. �

ثن ڤ ڤ ڤ ڤ ڦ ڦ ڦڦ ثم ]المجادلة: ١٣[. �

ثن ۅ ۅ ۉ ۉ ېې ې ې ى ى ئائا ثم ]الزخرف: ٥٨[. �

ثن ڻ ڻ ڻ ڻ ۀ ۀ ہ ہ ہہ ثم ]النمل: ٤٠[. �

ثن�ې�ې�ى�ى��ئا�ثم ]النازعات: ١١[. ��

ثن ۈ ۇٴ ۋ ۋ ۅ ۅۉ ثم ]آل عمران: ١٥[. �

ثن ٱ ٻ ٻ ٻ ٻ پ پ پ پ ڀ ڀ ڀ ثم ]البقرة: ٦[. �

ثن�ے�ۓ��ثم ]آل عمران: ٨١[.��

25

Two hamzahs appearing in two separate words

الهمزتان في كلمتينTwo hamzahs coming together in 2 different words.

They are of two types :

1- Two hamzahs that agree in their haraka.

2- Two hamzahs have different harakas.

Two hamzahs that agree in their haraka

الهمزتان المتفقتان في الحركة

A) The first hamzah is maftuhah and the second one is also maftuhah.

Rule:

1. Tashιl for the second hamzah.

2. Ibdal: replace the second hamzah with Alif Madd for six counts if

followed by sākin or two counts if followed by mutaharek.

E.g.:

ثن ڄ ڄ ثم ]هود: ٤٠[.

ثن ڭ ۇ ثم ]النساء: ٥[.

ثن�ڱ�ڱ�ڱ�ثم ]الحجر: ٦١[.

ثن ۋ ۅ ثم ]النساء: ٤٣[.

26

a) The first hamzah is madmumah and the second one is also madmu-mah.

Rule :

1- Tashιl for the second hamzah.

2- Ibdal replaces the second hamza by Waw Madd with six counts if fol-

lowed by sākin or two counts if followed by mutaharek.

E.g.:

ثن گڳ ڳ ثم ]الأحقاف: ٣٢[.

b) The first hamzah is maksurah and the second one is also maksurah.

Rule :

1- Tashιl for the second hamzah.

2- Ibdal replaces the second hamzah by Yaa Madd.

E.g.:

ثن پ پ ثم ]سبأ: ٤٠[.ثن ہ ہ ھ ثم ]الزخرف: ٨٤[.

ثن پ ڀ ثم ]يوسف: ٥٣[.

How to read The example

ibdal أهؤلاء يياكمTashιl اكم أهؤلاء اي

پ پ(ibdal) مء يله الس(Tashιl) مء اله الس

ہ ہ ھ

(Ibdal) وء يلا بالس(Tashιl) وء الا بالس

پ ڀ

27

EXCEPTIONS:

١- ثن چ چ ثم ]البقرة: ٣١[.

It has 3 options:

a. Tashιl

b. Ibdal with a madd letter of 6 counts

c. Ibdal by yaa maksurah.

٢- ثن ڎ ڈ ثم ]النور: ٣٣[.

It has 4 options

1- Ibdal with two harakat.

2- Ibdal with six harakat.

3- Tashil.

4- Ibdal by yaa maksurah.

٣- ثن�ڱ�ڱ�ڱ�ثم ]الحجر: ٦١[.

It has 5 options

1- Tashil with two harakah

2- with four harakat.

3- Tashιlwith six harakat.

4- Ibdal with two harakat.

5- Ibdal with six harakat.

28

Two hamzahs having different harakat:

الهمزتان المختلفتان في الحركة

A) The first hamzah is maftuhah, and the second one is maksurah or

madmumah.

E.g:

ثن ٺ ٺ ثم ]المؤمنون: ٤٤[. ثن ۆ ۈ ثم ]البقرة: ١٣٣[.

Rule:

Tashιl between the hamzah and the yaa will be made for the second

hamzah.

B)The first hamzah is madmumah, and the second one is maftuhah.

E.g:

ثن ک ک ثم ]الأعراف: ١٠٠[.Rule:

Ibdal: replace the second hamzah by waw maftuhah.

C)The first hamzah is maksurah, and the second one is maftuhah.

E.g:

ثن ئى ئي ثم ]النساء: ٥١[.Rule:

Ibdal: replace the second hamzah with yaa maftuhah.

29

D) The first hamzah is madmumah, and the second one is maksurah.

E.g:

ثن ٿ ٹ ثم ]البقرة: ١٤٢[.

Rule:

There are Wajhan (two options):

1- Ibdal: replace the second hamzah with waw maksurah.

2- Tashιl between hamzah and yaa.

30

The isolated sākin hamzah

الهمز المفرد ال�صاكن (Hamzah Mufrada ssākinah)

Definition:

It is a sākin single hamzah, which appears as the faa al-kalimah (which

means that the hamzah is the first letter in the root of the word (فعل).

Rule:

Ibdal for the hamzah (replace the hamzah with a madd letter which

agrees with the harakah preceding it).

E.g.:

ثن ۇ ثم ]البقرة: ١٧٤[.

ثن ئۇ ثم ]البقرة: ٨٨[.

The example How to read

ۇ ياكلون

ئۇ يومنون

Practice:

For example, in the word:

( ۇ )

Its root is أكل.

31

The letter hamzah is the first letter in the root, so it’s faa al-kalimah.

So, the rule is Ibdal (replace the hamzah in the word يأكلــون with alif

madd to become ــون .ياكل

The word The root

يؤمنون أمن

يأكلون أكل

فأتوا أتى

Exceptions:

1- No Ibdal applied for the words which are derived from the word

ــواء الإي

E.g.:

ثن ۅ ثم ]السجدة: ١٩[.

ثن ڭ ثم ]آل عمران: ١٦٢[.

ثن پ ثم ]الأحزاب: ٥١[.

2- Three words in the Qur’an (ذئــب، بئــس، بئــر) are read with Ibdal,

although the hamzah is not the first letter in the root of the word (not faa

al-kalimah).

ثن ئۈ ثم ]يوسف: ١٣[.

ثن ۋ ثم ]الحج: ٤٥[.

ثن ٿ ثم ]هود: ٩٩[.

32

Exercise:

Write down the rule for the following underlined examples :

ثن ڃ ڃ چ چ چچ ثم ]البقرة: ٨٥[. �

ثن�ڃ��چ�چ�چ�ثم ]التوبة: ٣٤[.��ثن�ئۈ�ئۈ�ئې�ئې��ئې�ثم ]النازعات: ٤١[.��

ثن��ڦ�ڦ�ڦ�ڦ��ڄ�ڄڄ�ثم ]يوسف: ١٧[.��

ثن�ۉ�ۉ�ې�ې�ې�ې�ى�ى��ئا�ئا��ئە�ئە�ثم ]البقرة: ٢٣[.��

ثن��ک��ک�ک�ک�ثم ]الكهف: ٢٩[.��

ۋ � ۋ ۇٴ ۈ ۈ ۆ ۆ ۇ ۇ ڭ ڭ ثن .] ٤٥ ]الحــج: ثم ۉ ۉ ۅ ۅ

�ثن�ک�گ�گ��گ�گڳ�ڳ�ڳ�ڳ�ڱ�ڱ��

ڱ�ڱ�ں�ں�ڻ�ڻ��ڻڻ�ۀ�ۀ�ہہ�ہ�

ہ�ھ�ھ�ھ��ثم ]التوبــة: ٧١[.

ثن ٱ ٻ ٻ ٻ ٻ پ پ پ پڀ ثم ]الأحزاب: ٥١[. �

33

The isolated vowel hamzah

الهمز المفرد المتحرك(Hamzah Mufrada Mutaharrika)

Definition:

It is a single hamzah maftuhah which appears as the faa al-kalimah,

and it appears after a dammah.

The rule:

Do Ibdal for the hamzah (replace the hamzah with a madd letter which

agrees with the harakah preceding it).

E.g.:

ثن ڀ ثم ]يوسف: ٧٠[.

ثن ڭ ثم ]المائدة: ٨٩[.

Practice:

For example, in the word:

ثن ڀ ثم

1- Its root is (اأذن).

The letter hamzah is the first letter in the root, so it’s faa al-kalimah.

2- In the word (م�ؤذن) there is a hamzah maftuha preceded by a dammah.

So the rule is Ibdal works to replace the hamzah in the word (م��ؤذن)

with waw madd to become (م��ذن).

34

Special notes:

1. Imam Warsh reads with Ibdal in the following words:

The word How to read

لئلا ليلالأهب ليهبيأجوج ياجوجمأجوج ماجوجمنسأته منساتهمؤصدة موصدة

سأل سالالنسيء النسي

The word (هأنتم)

Has two options:

1- Hadhf (deleting) the Alif + Tashιl for the hamzah.

2- Hadhf the Alif + Ibdal letter hamzah to be Alif + Madd with 6 counts.

The word اللائي

If you are continuing the (wasl), apply Tashιl for the hamzah + delet-

ing the yaa + Madd 6 or 2 counts.

A. If you are pausing (waqf)

There are 3 options:

1. Tashιl + Roum (Roum means to recite a harakah in a soft voice,

in such a manner that it seems like only a portion of the harakah is being

read) + Madd 4 counts.

35

2. Tashιl + Roum + Madd 2 counts.

3. Ibdal for the hamzah to be yaa sākinah + Madd 6 counts.

Exercise:

Write down the rule for the hamzah in the following verses:

ثن�ې�ې�ې�ې�ى��ى��ئا�ئا�ئە��ثم ]الكهف: ٩٤[.��ثن�ڭ�ڭ�ۇ�ۇ�ۆ�ثم ]المعارج: ١[.��

ثن�ئۈ�ئې��ئې��ئې��ثم ]البلد: ٢٠[. ��

ثن�ٹ�ٹ�ٹ�ڤ��ڤ�ڤ�ڤ�ڦ�ڦ�ثم ]الأعراف: ٤٤[.��ثن�ۈ�ۈ��ۇٴ�ۋ�ۋ�ۅ�ثم ]الطلاق: ٤[.��ثن�ٱ�ٻ�ٻ�ٻ�ٻپ�ثم ]التوبة: ٣٧[.��

��ې�ې��ې�ى�ى�ئا�ئا�ئە�ئەئو�ئو��ئۇ��ئۇ��ئۆ�ئۆ�� ثن�ۉ��ې�ئۈ�ئۈئې��ثم ]الحديــد: ٢٩[.

ثن�ٱ�ٻ�ٻ�ٻ��ٻ�پ�ثم ] البقرة: ٢٢٥[.��ثن�ڻ�ڻ�ڻ�ڻ�ۀ��ثم ] آل عمران: ١١٩[. ��ثن�ڻ�ڻ�ڻ��ڻ�ۀ�ۀ�ہ�ہ�ہ��ثم ]التوبــة: ��

.]٦٠

36

An-Naql

Definition:

It is the transfer of the vowel on the hamzah to the sākin letter preced-

ing it.

If hamzat ul-qaṭ mutaḥarrikah is preceded by a sākin ṣaḥīḥ letter, then

Warsh transfers the ḥarakah of any hamzat ul-qaṭ to the last sākin letter of

the preceding word, then drops hamzat ul-qaṭ.

Examples:

ثن ڳ ثم ]البقرة: ١١[. ثن�ڀڀ��ثم ]البقرة: ٢٥[.ثن ڳ ڱ ثم ]الحاقة: ١٩[.

There are 4 conditions for this transfer:

1- The vowel on the hamzah is transferred to a ṣaḥīḥ letter (only).

2- The letter can’t be a madd letter.

3- The letter can’t be a mīm al-Jam. If mīm ul-Jam is followed by

hamzat ul-qaṭ, then Warsh makes ṣilah, waṣlan (i.e., connects this mīm

with a long 6 ḥarakāt wāw), as in al-madd al-munfaṣil.

4- The sākin letter has to be the last letter of the 1st word, and the

hamzah mutaḥarrikah has to be the 1st letter of the 2nd word.

Special words:

1- ثن ڤ ڦ ثم ]النجم: ٥٠[.

When starting with الاولى you have two options:

37

a. Start as hamzatul wasl + naql + the three options for Madd al-badal

options. الــولى

b. Start as Lam at-taref + Naql + qasr (two harakat) for Madd al-badal

لى .لو

When joining عادا with الاولى you have only one way:

Naql + idgham عادن لولى

ثم ئى ئى ئى ئې ئې ئۈئې ئۈ ئۆ ئۆ .... ڻ ڻ ڻ ڻ ں ثن -٢.]٢٩ - ١٩ ]الحاقــة:

There are wajhan (two options):

a. No Naql + sakt after the haa of ماليه (preferred.)

b. Naql for the hamzah + idgham the haa of ماليه with the haa of هلك.

٣- ثن چ ثم ]يونس: ٩١[.

Deleting the hamzah and transferring its haraka to letter lam then do-

ing one of the following two options for hamzat ul-wasl:

1-Ibdal: Replace hamzat ul-wasl by Alif madd with six counts (preferred)

or two counts.

2-Tashιl for hamzat ul-wasl

Exception:

ثن ى ثم ]القصص: ٣٤[.

1. In the word ثن ى ثم daal is a sākin letter followed by a vowelized

hamzah in one word, then according to the rule there is no naql because

the letter daal and hamzah are in one word but as an exception to the rule

we do naql.

38

Exercise:

1- Find the words with Naql in the following:

ثن ٹ ٹ ٹ ٹ ڤ ڤ ڤ ڤ ڦ ڦ ڦ ڦ ڄ ثم ]البقرة: ٤[. �

ثن ک گ گ گ گ ڳ ڳ ڳ ڳ ڱ ڱ ڱ ثم ] البقرة: ١١ �

ثن ۈ ۈ ۇٴ ۋ ۋ ۅ ۅ ۉ ۉ ې ې ې ې ى ى ئا �ئا ثم ] البقــرة: ١٤[.

ۉ � ۉ ۅ ۅ ۋ ۋ ۇٴ ۈ ۈ ۆ ۆ ۇ ۇ ڭ ڭ ثن ې ې ې ې ثم ]البقــرة: ٣٥[.

ئې � ئې ئۈئۈ ئۆ ئۆ ئۇ ئۇ ئوئو ئە ئە ئا ئا ى ى ثن .]٣٦ ]البقــرة: ثم ی ی ئى ئى ئى ئې

ثن�ۓ�ۓ�ڭڭ�ڭ�ڭ�ۇ��ۇ��ۆ��ۆ�ثم ]البقرة: ٤٥[.��

ثن�ڎ�ڎ�ڈ�ڈ�ژ�ژ�ڑ�ڑ��ثم ]البقرة: ٥٣[. ��

�پ�پ�ڀ�ڀ�ڀ�� ثن�ٱ�ٻ�ٻ�ٻ�ٻ�پ�پ�ڀ�ٺ�ٺ�ٺ��ٺ�ٿ�ٿ��ٿ�ٿ�ٹ�ٹ�ٹ�ٹ�ثم ]البقــرة:

.]٦٢

�ثن�ڻ�ڻ��ڻ�ڻ�ۀ��ۀ�ہ�ہ�ہ�ہھ�ھ�ھ��ھے�ے�ۓ�ۓ��ڭ�ڭ�ڭ�ڭ�ۇ�ثم ]البقــرة: ٦٧[.

ثن�ٿ�ٿ�ٿ�ٹ�ٹ�ٹٹ�ڤ�ڤ�ڤ��ڤ�ثم ]البقرة: ٩٥[.��

Why there is there no Naql in the following examples?

ثن�ژ�ڑ�ڑ�ک�ک�ک�ک�ثم ]البقرة: ٩١[. ��

ثن�ٺ�ٺ�ٺ�ٿ�ٿ�ٿ�ٿ��ثم ]الإسراء: ٩[.��

39

Al-Fath ,At-Taqlil and Al-Imalah

Al-Fath: to open your mouth (from up to down) like pronouncing the

letter Alif.

Al-Taqlil: it is a slight inclination of the letter Alif towards the letter

Yaa.

Al-Imalah: it is a severe inclination of the letter Alif towards the letter

yaa.

Case of Imalah:

There is only one case of Imalah in the whole Qur’an.

It is the Imalah of letter Haa in the first verse of Surat Taha.

Cases of Taqlil:

- Alif written yaa when it’s preceded by the letter Raa (را)

E.g.:

ثن ۆ ثم ]التوبة: ١١١[.ثن ڑ ثم ]الأنعام: ٩٢[.

- Alif which is followed by Raa Maksura )ر).

E.g.:

ثن��ی��ثم ]البقرة: ٢٤[.- Alif which is written between two Raa when the second Raa is Mak-

surah )رار).

40

E.g.:

ثن ئەثم ]آل عمران: ١٩٣[.- Alif in the را and حا at the beginning of the following Surahs:

The names of the surahs The position

يونس، هود، يوسف، ابراهيم، الحجر ثن ٱٻ ثمالرعد ثن ٱٻ ثم

الدخــان، الزخــرف، الشــوري، غافــر، فصلــت، الأحقــاف الجاثيــة،

ثن ٿ ثم

- Alif in يا and ها in the كهيعص at the beginning of Surat Mariam.

- Alif which is not followed by هــا in those special eleven surahs in the

Qur’an.

طه، النجم، المعارج، القيامة، النازعات، عبس، الأعلى، الليل، الضحى، العلق.

Important note:

In the word ذكراها in Surat An-Naziat, there is Taqlil for the letter Alif

although it is followed by ها.

- Alif in the following words: ثن ٿ ثم ثن تم ثم ثن ڭثم

wherever they appear in the Qur’an.

- Alif in the word رءا if it’s followed by a Mutaharik letter or attached

to a pronoun.

E.g.:

ثن ڦ ڦڄ ثم ]الأنعام: ٧٦[.

ثن ى ى ثم ]هود: ٧٠[.

ثن ٻ ثم ]الأنبياء: ٣٦[.

41

- Alif in the word كلتــا in Surat Al-Kahf in the case of Wasl (continu-

ation).

Important note:

In the case of stopping on the word كلتــا, you have Wajhan (two op-

tions):

1- Fath (preferred).

2- Taqlil.

Cases for Taqlil with Khulf:

(Fath and Taqlil allowed)

- Zawat al-Yaa (the yaa forms part of the original word in any surah

except the previously mentioned eleven surahs).

E.g.:

ثن�ئۈ��ثم ثن ڤ ثم ثن ٺٺ ثم - Alif in the words that fall on the following scales:

The scale Examples

فعلى القتلى، السلوى، التقوىفعلى إحدى، ضيزي، عيسىفعلى الدنيا، القربى، طوبىفعالى كسالىفعالى الايامي ، اليتامي،الحوايا

- Every word written with yaa excluding these words:

زكى، حتى، لدى، إلى، على

- Every word written with alif excluding these words:

42

الربا، كمشكاة ، كلاهما، مرضاتي

- Alif in the following words:

أنى، متى، عسى، بلى، جبارين، الجار، أراكهم

- Alif in the end of the verses which are appearing with ها

E.g.: زكاها، وضحاها

Important notes:

- In the following examples:

ثن ۓ ۓ ڭ ثم ]البقرة: ٨٧[.

ثن چ چ ثم ]ص: ٤٦[.When stopping on the word عيســى and ذكــرى there is only one wajh

(one option) which is Taqlil, because the Alif of the words عيســى andذكــرى

are followed by sākin.

- In the following example:

ثن ڀ ڀ ثم ]البقرة: ٢[.

When pausing on the word هــدى there is only one wajh (one option)

which is Taqlil because the Alif of the word هــدى is vowel-marked by tan-

ween.

Exercise:

What is the rule for the Alif in the following underlined words (give

reasons for your answer)?

ثن��ئە�ئە�ئو�ئوئۇ��ثم ]التوبة: ٤٠[. ��

ثن�ۓ��ڭ�ڭ�ڭ�ڭ�ثم ]يوسف: ٢١[.��

43

ثن�ڀ�ٺ��ٺ�ٺ�ٺ�ٿ��ٿ��ٿ�ثم ]المجادلة: ٧[. ��

ثن ٻ ٻ ٻ پپ پپ ڀ ڀ ڀ ثم ]البقرة: ٢[. �

ثن ڦ ڦ ڦ ڄ ثم ]البقرة: ٨٥[. �

ثن�ڍ�ڍ��ڌ�ڌ�ڎ�ڎ��ڈ��ثم ]طه: ٤[.��

ثن�ڈ��ژ�ژ�ڑ�ڑ�ثم ]طه: ٥[.��

ثن ہ ہ ھ ھ ھھ ے ے ۓ ۓ ڭڭ ثم ]النور: ٣٥[. �

ثن�ڇ�ڍ�ڍ�ڌ��ڌ�ڎڎ�ثم ]المائدة: ٤٤[.��

ثن�ژ�ژ��ڑ�ڑ��ک�ثم ]الانفطار: ١٣[.��

ثن�گ�گ�گ�گ�ثم ]الضحى: ٨[. ��

ثن�گگ�ڳ�ڳ�ڳ�ڳ�ڱ�ڱ��ڱ��ڱ��ں�ں��ثم ]هود: ١[. ��

ثن�ڭ�ڭ�ڭ��ڭ�ۇ�ۇ�ثم ]طه: ١٠[.��

ثن�ٿ�ٿ�ٿ�ٿ�ٹ��ثم ]البقرة: ٢٥٣[. ��

ثن�ٹ�ٹ��ڤ�ڤ�ڤ�ڤ�ڦ�ڦ�ڦ�ڦ��ڄ�ثم ]الحج: ٢[.��

ثن�ٱ�ٻ�ٻ�ٻ�ٻ�پ�پ��پ�پ�ثم ]الرعد: ٢٩[.��

ثن�ٱ�ٻ�ٻ�ٻ�ٻ��پ�پپ�ثم ]الحشر: ١٧[.��

ثن�ئو�ئۇ�ئۇ�ئۆ�ثم ]الكهف: ٣٣[. ��

�ۇ�ۇ�ۆ�ۆ�ۈ�ۈ�ۇٴ�ۋ��ۋ�ۅ�ۅ�ۉۉ�ثم �� ثن�ڭ�.]١١٠ ]يوســف:

ثن�ڄ�ڃ�ثم ]طه: ١[.��

44

Rules of Raa

1- Raa will be read with tarqiq (lightness) in the following cases:

2- Raa maftuhah or maksurah is preceded by a Kasrah in the same

word.

E.g.:

ثن ی ثم ]النساء: ١٤٧[.ثن ڳ ثم ]الكهف: ١٨[.

ثن�ۈ��ثم ]البقرة: ٢٧[.Question:

Explain why the Raa is heavy in the following example.

ثن ٺ ثم ]المائدة: ٦[.B- Raa maftuhah or madmumah is preceded by Yaa Madd or Yaa Leen

in the same word.

E.g.:

ثن ڤ ثم ]البقرة: ٥٩[.ثن ۈ ثم ]الفرقان: ١[.

ثن ڦڦ ثم ]البقرة: ١٤٨[.

Question:


ثن�ې�ې�ثم ]البقرة: ٢٣[.

45

C- Raa maftuhah or madmumah, which is separated from the kasrah

by a sākin light letter in the same word.

E.g.:

ثن ڈ ثم ]الرحمن: ٢٧[.ثن�ھ�ثم ]الشرح: ٢[.

ثن ی ثم ]آل عمران: ٣٧[.Question:


ثن ٱ ٻ ثم ]النساء: ١٢٨[.D- Raa maftuhah or madmumah, which is separated from the kasrah

by kha sākinah.

E.g.:

ثن ڃڃ ثم ]البقرة: ٢٤٠[.E- Raa in the word ثن گ ثم ( In Surat Al Mursalat)

Raa will be read with tafkhim in the following cases:

1. Non-Arabic names

E.g.:

ثن ہ ثم ]البقرة: ١٢٤[.

ثن�ڦ�ثم ]البقرة: ٤٠[.

ثن ۀ ثم ]آل عمران: ٣٥[.2. If Raa is repeated in the word:

This occurs in five places in the Qur’an.

46

ثن ٺ ثم ]البقرة: ٢٣١[.

ثن ڻ ثم ]الكهف: ١٨[.

ثن ٻ ثم ]الأحزاب: ١٦[.

ثن ئى ثم ]نوح: ٩[.ثن ھ ثم ]الأنعام: ٦[.

3- If the letter Raa is followed by an Alif and a heavy letter

E.g.:

ثن ٹ ثم ]البقرة: ١٤٢[.

ثن ڃ ثم ]القيامة: ٢٨[.

ثن ٿ ثم ]ص: ١٨[.

4- If the letter Raa is preceded by any heavy sākin letter except the

letter kha خ

E.g.:

ثن�ڭ�ثم ]يوسف: ٢١[.

ثن ڑ ثم ]الأعراف: ١٥٧[.Raa will be read with Tarqiq with Khulf (both tarqiq and tafkhem are

allowed) in the following cases:

1- In the following six words:

ثن�ہ�ثم ]الكهف: ٩٠[.ثن ڦ ثم ]الفرقان: ٢٢[.

ثن ٹ ثم ]طه: ١٠٠[.

47

ثن ئۈئۈ ثم ]الفرقان: ٥٤[. ثن ئۇ ثم ]الكهف: ٧١[.ثن ۋثم ]الكهف: ٧٠[.

2- Two words:

ثن ڤ ثم ]الشعراء: ٦٣[.

ثن ۀ ثم ]الأنعام: ٧١[.Exercise:

What is the rule of the Raa in the following examples? Give reasons.

ڄ � ڄ ڄ ڦ ڦ ڦ ڦ ڤ ڤ ڤ ڤ ٹ ٹ ٹ ثن .]٩٥ ]البقــرة: ثم ڃ ڃ ڃ ڃ ڄ

ثن ٹ ٹ ٹ ٹ ڤ ڤ ڤ ڤ ڦ ڦ ڦ ڦ ڄ ثم ]البقرة: ٤[. �

ٺ � ٺ ٺ ڀ ڀ ڀ پڀ پ پ پ ٻ ٻ ٻ ٻ ٱ ثن ٺ ثم ]الأنعــام: ٤٧[.

ڌ�ڎ�ڎ�ڈ�� چ�چ�ڇ�ڇ�ڇ�ڇ�ڍ�ڍ�ڌ� �ثن�چ�.]٩٩ ]يوســف: ڈثم

ڳ�� ڳ�ڳ�ڳ� ک�ک�ک�گ�گ�گ�گ� �ثن�ک�ہ�ہ�ہ�� ۀ� ں�ں�ڻ�ڻ�ڻ�ڻۀ� � ڱ� ڱ�ڱ�ڱ�

.]٤٥ ]البقــرة: ہثم

ثن ٹ ٹ ٹ ڤ ڤ ڤ ڤ ڦ ڦ ڦ ڦ ثم ]الفرقان: ٢٢[. �

ثن ٺ ٺ ٺ ٺ ٿ ٿ ٿ ٿ ثم ]ص: ٨١[. �

�ثن�ۇ��ۆ�ۆ�ۈ�ۈ�ۇٴ�ۋ�ۋۅ�ۅ�ۉ��ۉ�ې�ې�ې�ې��ى�ى�ئا�ئا�� .]٨٦ ]البقــرة: ئەئە�ئو�ئو�ئۇ�ئۇ��ثم

48

��ئا�ئا�ئە�ئە�ئو�ئو��ئۇ�ئۇ�� ثن�ې�ې��ى�ى� .]٢١ ]التحريــم: ئۆ�ئۆ�ئۈ�ئۈ�ئې�ئې��ثم

ڻ � ں ں ڱ ڱ ڱ ڱ ڳ ڳ ڳ ڳ گ گ گ گ ک ک ک ثن ے ے ھ ھھ ھ ہ ہ ہ ہ ۀ ۀ ڻ ڻ ڻ

.]١٧ ]الأنعــام: ثم ۆ ۇ ۇ ڭ ڭ ڭڭ ۓ ۓ ثن ٿ ٿ ٿ ٿ ٹ ٹ ٹٹ ڤ ڤ ڤ ڤ ڦ ڦ ڦثم �

]الشــعراء: ٣٦[.

49

Taghlīth of the Lam

)تغليظ اللام(

Definition:

To read the letter Lam with Tafkhim (heaviness).

Do Taghlīth for letter Lam when

Lam is maftuhah and is preceded by ص، ط، ظ, which is maftuhah or

sākinah.

Important Notes:

1- The group of six (Taghlīth with khulf)

ثن�ڭ�ثم ]البقرة: ٢٧[. ثن ڀ ثم ]الأنعام: ١١٩[.ثن ٻ ثم ]البقرة: ٢٤٩[.

ثن ڑ ثم ]الطارق: ١٣[.

ثن ئى ثم ]الأعراف: ١١٨[. ثن ڄ ثم ]النحل: ٥٨[.

In the case of pausing, Lam becomes sākinah due to pausing (waqf),

so you have the choice here to make Taghlīth for the Lam or not, but it is

preferable to do Taghlīth.

The case of these six words is called Taghlīth with khulf (meaning that

you have the choice to do Taghlīth or not, but Taghlīth is preferable).

50

2- The group of three:

ثن ئا ثم ]طه: ٨٦[. ثن ڀ ثم ]النساء: ١٢٨[.

ثن ئۈ ثم ]البقرة: ٢٣٣[.We have three words in the Qur’an where there is an Alif between

the letter Lam and the mentioned three letters ص، ط، ظ. Also, you have

the choice here to make Taghlīth for the Lam or not, but it is preferable to

make Taghlīth.

The case of these three words is called Taghlīth with khulf (meaning

that you have the choice to do Taghlīth or not, but Taghlīth is preferable).

Adwat al-yaa and the letter Lam

If the letter Lam is preceded by the letter Sad in one of Adwat al-yaa

words (Adwat al-yaa are words in which the letter yaa forms part of the

original word and ends with the pronunciation of an Alif whether the yaa

is written or not):

So if you did Taqlil for the Alif, you have to do Tarqiq for the letter

Lam, but if you did Fath for the Alif, then you have to do Taghlīth for the

letter Lam.

E.g.:

ثن گ ثم ]المسد: ٣[. ثن�ٻ��ثم ]الليل: ١٥[.

ثن ېى ثم ]البقرة: ١٢٥[.Practice:

ثن گ ثم ]المسد: ٣[.

51

One of Adwat al-yaa where the letter Lam is preceded by the letter

Sad, so:

Taqlil for the Alif Tarqiq for the Lam.

Fath for the Alif Taghlīth for the letter Lam.

Exercise:

Write down the rule for the following Lams. Give reasons.

ثن ڎ ڈ ڈ ژ ثم ]آل عمران: ٢٦[.

ثن ڦ ڦ ڦ ڦ ڄ ثم ]القدر: ٥[.

ثن�ۉ�ۉ��ې��ثم ]البقرة: ٥٧[.

ثن�ئۇ�ئۇ�ئۆ�ئۆ��ئۈ�ئۈ��ثم ]البقرة: ٥٧[.

ثن ئا ئا ئە ثم ]طه: ٨٦[.

ثن ئۆ ئۈ ئۈ ئې ئې ثم ]الأعلى: ١٢[.

ثن ئي بج بح بخ بم ثم ]الأعلى: ١٥[.

ثن ۓ ڭ ڭ ڭ ڭ ۇۇ ثم ]النساء: ٩٠[.

ثن�ڱ�ڱ�ڱ��ں�ں�ڻ�ڻ�ثم ]البقرة: ٤٣[.

ثن�ہ�ہہ��ہ�ھ�ھ�ھ�ھے�ثم ]البقرة: ٢٢٩[.

52

Yaa al-idafa

Definition:

It is Yaa Mutakallim, which appears on a noun, verb or particle.

It does not form a part of the original word.

How to recognize Yaa al-idafah?

You can easily recognize it by replacing it with Kaf or Haa or any

other pronoun.

E.g.

The word Replace Yaa al-idafah with kaf replace Yaa al-Idafah with Haa

لنفسي لنفسك لنفسهاني انك انه

There are three cases for the presence of Yaa al-Idafah:

1. Yaa al-Idafah is followed by Hamzat ul-qat (maftuhah, madmu-mah, or maksurah).

2. Yaa al-Idafah is followed by Hamzat ul-wasl.

3. Yaa al-Idafah is followed by any other letter.

1. Yaa al-Idafah is followed by Hamzat ul-qat (maftuhah, madmu-mah, or maksurah)

A. Hamzat ul- qat maftuhah

Read Yaa al-Idafah as Maftuhah except in the following 7 places in the

Qur’an read it as sākinah:

53

قوله تعالى: ثن ى ئا ثم ]البقرة: ١٥٢[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ڭ ۇ ۇ ۆ ۆۈ ثم ]الأعراف: ١٤٣[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ٹ ٹٹ ڤ ڤ ڤ ڤڦ ثم ]التوبة: ٤٩[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ڃ چ چ چ چ ڇ ڇ ثم ]هود: ٤٧[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ژ ژ ڑ ڑ ثم ]مريم: ٤٣[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ٱ ٻ ٻ ٻ ٻ ثم ]غافر: ٢٦[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ڀ ٺ ٺ ٺ ٺٿ ثم ]غافر: ٦٠[. �

B. Hamzat ul-qat madmumah

Read Yaa al-Idafah as Maftuhah except in the following two places in

which it will be read as sākinah:

قوله تعالى: ثن�ڃ�ڃ��ڃ�چ�ثم ]البقرة: ٤٠[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن�جم�حج�ثم ]الكهف: ٩٦[. �

C. Hamzat ul-qat maksurah

Read Yaa al-Idafah as Maftuhah except in the following 9 places in the

Qur’an where it will be read as sākinah:

قوله تعالى: ثن ڄ ڄ ڄ ڃ ثم ]الأعراف: ١٤[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ک ک کک گ ثم ]يوسف: ٣٣[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ڄ ڃ ڃ ڃ ثم ]الحجر: ٣٦[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن بخ بم بى بي ثم ]ص: ٧٩[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ىئا ئا ئە ئە ئو ثم ]القصص: ٣٤[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن پ پ ڀ ثم ]غافر: ٤١[. �

54

قوله تعالى: ثن ڤ ڤ ڦ ڦ ڦ ثم ]غافر: ٤٣[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ڃ ڃ ڃ چچ چ چ ڇ ثم ]الأحقاف: ١٥[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ۇٴ ۋ ۋ ۅ ۅ ثم ]المنافقون: ١٠[. �

2. Yaa al-Idafah is followed by Hamzat ul-wasl

A. Hamzat ul-wasl for Lam at –tarf (the definite article “the”).

B. Hamzat ul-wasl which is not Lam at –tarf.

A. Hamzat ul-wasl for Lam at –tarf (the definite article “the”)

Read Yaa al-Idafah as Maftuhah.

E.g.:

ثن چ چ ڇ ڇ ثم ]البقرة: ٢٥٨[.B. Hamzat ul-wasl which is not Lam at –tarf

Read Yaa al-Idafah as Maftuhah except in the following two plac-

es, where it will be read as sākinah:

The place in the Qur’an How to read

]الأعــراف: ثم ٻ ٻ ثن تعــالى: قولــه . ]١ ٤ ٤

Yaa al-Idafah as Sākinah

ثم ئۈ ئۈ ئۆ ئۆ ئۇ ئۇ ئو ثن تعــالى: قولــه ]طــه: ٣٠ - ٣١[.

Yaa al-Idafah as Sākinah

3.Yaa al-Idafah is followed by any other letters

Read Yaa al-Idafah as Sākinah except in the following 11 places,

wherein it will be read as Maftuhah

قوله تعالى: ثن ئە ئو ئو ئۇ ثم ]البقرة: ١٢٥[. �

55

قوله تعالى: ثن ئې ئى ئى ئى ثم ]البقرة: ١٨٦[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ڳ ڳ ڳ ڱ ثم ]آل عمران: ٢٠[. �

ثم � ھھ ھ ھ ہ ہ ہ ہ ۀ ثن تعــالى: قولــه ]الأنعــام: ٧٩[.

قوله تعالى: ثن ۇ ۆ ۆ ۈ ثم ]الأنعام: ١٦٢[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ڎ ڈ ڈ ژ ثم ]طه: ١٨[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ڇ ڇ ڍ ثم ]الحج: ٢٦[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ڇ ڇ ڇ ڍ ڍ ثم ]الشعراء: ١١٨[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ۓ ۓ ڭ ڭ ڭ ڭ ثم ]يس: ٢٢[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ٿ ٿ ٿ ٹ ٹ ثم ]الدخان: ٢١[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ڤ ڤ ڦ ڦ ثم ]الكافرون: ٦[. �

How to read Yaa al-Idafah in the word ثن ۇ ثم ?

The reciter has Wajhan (two options).

1.Read Yaa al-Idafah as Maftuhah

2.Read Yaa al-Idafah as sakinah with mad six counts for the Alif

(Madd Lazim).

56

Yat’at az-Zawa’id

Definition:

Refer to those Yaas which are not written in the mushaf but are

read by the reciters either during wasl or waqf or during wasl alone.

Rule:

1. Yat’at az-Zawa’id which are read during wasl (joining) only.

2. Yat’at az-Zawa’id which are read during wasl (joining) and waqf

(pausing).

1. Yat’at az-Zawa’id which are read during wasl (joining) only:

there are 47 placeslike this in the Qur’an.

قوله تعالى: ثن ئۇ ئۇ ئۆ -ي- ئۆ ئۈئۈ ثم ]البقرة: ١٨٦[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ئۆ ئۈئۈ -ي- ئې ئې ثم ]البقرة: ١٨٦[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ڱ ڱڱ -ي- ں ں ڻ ڻ ثم ]آل عمران: ٢٠[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ڀ ٺ -ي- ٺ ٺ ٺ ٿ ٿٿ ثم ]هود: ٤٦[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ڭ ڭ -ي- ڭ ۇ ۇ ۆ ۆۈ بر ]هود: ١٠٥[. �

قولــه تعــالى: ثن ڻ ڻ -ي- ڻ ڻ ۀ ۀ ہ ہ ہ بر �

ــم: ١٤ - ١٥[. ]إبراهي

قوله تعالى: ثن ى ئا ئا -ي- ئە ئە ئو ئو بر ]إبراهيم: ٤٠ - ٤١[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ڳ ڱ -ي- ڱ ڱ ڱ بر ]الإسراء: ٦٢[. �

57

ــه تعــالى: ثن ٱ ٻ ٻ ٻ ٻپ -ي- پ پ پ ڀ ڀ ڀ ڀ ٺٺ بر � قول

]الإسراء: ٩٧[.

ژ � ڈ ڈ ڎ ڎ ڌ ڌ -ي- ڍڍ ڇ ڇ ڇ ڇ ثن تعــالى: قولــه

.]١٧ ]الكهــف: ژثم

قوله تعالى: ثن ھ ھ ھ ے -ي- ے ۓ ۓ ڭ ڭ ڭ ثم ]الكهف: ٢٤[. �

گ � -ي- ثن ڌ ڎ ڎ ڈ ڈ ژ ژ ڑ ڑ ک ک کک گ گ قولــه تعــالى:

]الكهــف: ٣٩[. ثم گ ڳ ڳ ڳ ڳ

قوله تعالى: ثن ڱ ڱ ڱ ڱ -ي- ں ں ڻ ثم ]الكهف: ٤٠[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ڄ ڃ ڃ ڃڃ -ي- چ ثم ]الكهف: ٦٤[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ک گ گ -ي- گ گ ڳ ڳ ثم ]الكهف: ٦٦[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ک کک -ي- گ گ گ ثم ]طه: ٩٣[. �

ثم � ڄ ڄ ڄ ڄ ڦ ڦ ڦ ڦ ڤ ڤ -ي- ڤڤ ثن تعــالى: قولــه

]الحــج: ٢٥[.

ۓ � ےے ھ ھ ھ ھ ہ ہہ ہ ثن تعــالى: قولــه

.]٤٤ ]الحــج: ثم ۇ ڭ ڭ ڭ -ي- ڭ ۓ

قوله تعالى: ثن ٻ ٻ -ي- پ ثم ]النمل: ٣٦[. �

قوله تعالى:ثن پ پ -ي- پ ڀ ثم ]النمل: ٣٦[. �

قولــه تعــالى: ثن ئا ئە ئە ئو -ي- ئو ئۇ ئۇ ئۆ ثم ]القصــص: ٣٤ �

.]٣٥ -

قوله تعالى: ثن ى ئا -ي- ئا ئەئە ثم ]سبأ: ١٣[. �

ــبأ: ٤٥ � ــالى: ثن ۇٴ ۋ ۋ -ي- ۅ ۅ ۉ ۉ ې ېې ثم ]س ــه تع قول

.]٤٦ -

58

ــر: � ــالى: ثن ڳ ڱ ڱ -ي- ڱ ڱ ں ں ڻ ڻ ڻ ڻ ۀ ثم ]فاط ــه تع قول

.]٢٦ - ٢٧

قوله تعالى: ثن ې ى -ي- ى ئا ئا ئە ئە ئو ئو ثم ]يس: ٢٣ - ٢٤[. �

ڄ � ڄ ڄ ڦ ڦ ڦ ڦ -ي- ڤ ڤ ڤ ڤ ٹ ثن تعــالى: قولــه

.]٥٧ - ٥٦ ]الصافــات: ڄثم

قوله تعالى: ثن ى ئا ئا -ي- ئە ئە ئو ئوئۇ ثم ]غافر: ١٥ - ١٦[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ئى ئى -ي- ی ی ی ی ثم ]غافر: ٣٢ - ٣٣[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ٱ ٻ ٻ -ي- ٻ ٻ پ پ ثم ]الشورى: ٣٢[. �

ثم � ٹ ٹ ٹ ٿ ٿ ٿ ٿ -ي- ٺ ٺ ٺ ٺ ڀ ڀ ثن تعــالى: قولــه

]الدخــان: ٢٠ - ٢١[.

ٹ ٹ ڤ ڤ ڤ ڤ ڦ ڦ ثم � -ي- ثن ٿ ٿ ٿ ٹ ٹ تعــالى: قولــه

]الدخــان: ٢١ - ٢٢[.

قوله تعالى: ثن ئۇ ئۆ -ي- ئۆ ئۈ ئۈ ئېئې ثم ]ق: ١٤ - ١٥[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ک ک گ گ -ي- گ گ ڳ ڳ ثم ]ق: ٤١[. �

ۉ � ۅ ۅ ۋ ۋ ۈۇٴ ۈ ۆ ۆ ۇۇ ڭ ڭ ڭ ثن تعــالى: قولــه

.]١ ]الذاريــات: ثم ې ې ې ثن .]٤٥ ]ق: ثم ۉ -ي-

قوله تعالى: ثن ئۈ ئۈ ئې -ي- ئې ئې ئى ئى ثم ]القمر: ٦[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ڀ ڀ ڀڀ -ي- ٺ ٺ ٺ ٺ ٿ ٿ ثم ]القمر: ٨[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ڳ ڱ ڱ ڱ -ي- ڱ ثم ]القمر: ١٦[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ہ ہ ہ ہ ھ ھ -ي- ھ ثم ]القمر: ١٨[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ہ ہ ہ ہ ھ ھ -ي- ھ ثم ]القمر: ١٨[. �

59

قوله تعالى: ثن ۋ ۅ ۅ ۉ -ي- ۉ ثم ]القمر: ٢١[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ٺ ٺ ٿ ٿ -ي- ٿ ثم ]القمر: ٣٠[. �



-ي- � ڑ ژ ژ ڈڈ ڎ ڎ ڌ ڌ ڍ ڍ ڇ ڇ ثن تعــالى: قولــه

.]١٧ ]الملــك: ڑثم قوله تعالى: ثن ک ک ک ک گ گ گ گ -ي- ڳ ثم ]الملك: ١٨[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن پ ڀ ڀ -ي- ڀ ثم ]الفجر: ٤[. �

قوله تعالى: ثن ڃ ڃ ڃ ڃ چ -ي- چ ثم ]الفجر: ٩[. �

قولــه تعــالى: ثن گ گ گ ڳ ڳ ڳ ڳ ڱ ڱ ڱ ڱ -ي- ں ثم �

]الفجــر: ١٥[.

قوله تعالى: ثن ں ڻ ڻ ڻ ڻ ۀ ۀ ہ ہ ہ -ي- ہ ثم ]الفجر: ١٦[. �

(This is the only case for reading Yat’at al-Zawa’id with fatha).

2. Yat’at az-Zawa’id which is read during wasl (joining) and waqf

(pausing).

There is only one place like this in the Qur’an.

ثن ۀ ۀ ہ ہ ہ ہ ھ ھ ھ ثم الزخرف: ٦٨

(The Yaa is read with sukoon)

The word ثن ئې ثمThere are four cases of the presence of the word أنا in the Qur’an

60

1- If the word أنــا is followed by Hamzat ul-qat Maftuhah أ, then the Alif

in the word أنا will be pronounced as Alif madd lengthened by 6 counts

(Madd Munfasil).

2- If the word أنــا is followed by Hamzat ul-qat Madmuma أ, then the

Alif in the word ــا will be pronounced as Alif madea lengthened by 6 أن

counts (Madd Munfasil).

3- If the word أنا is followed by Hamzat ul-qat Maksurah إ, then the letter

Alif in the word أنا will be dropped only in case of Wasl (continuation).

4- If the word أنــا is followed by any other vowelled letter other than let-

ter hamzah, then the letter Alif in the word ــا will be dropped only in أن

the case of Wasl (continuation).

Practice:

In the following verse:

ثن ٺ ٺ ٿ ٿ ٿ ٿ ثم ]الكافرون: ٤[.Here in this example, the word أنا is followed by the letter ع, which is

vowelled with Fatha.

Thus:

If you are pausing (Waqf), the Alif of the word أنا will be vocalized.

But if you are continuing (Wasl), the Alif of the word أنــا will be

dropped.

Exercise:

What is the rule for the word أنا in the following examples?

�ے�� ھ�ھ� �ثن�ں�ڻ�ڻ�ڻ��ڻ�ۀ�ۀ�ہ�ہ�ہ��ہھ�ھ�.]٢٨ ]المائــدة: ے�ۓ�ثم

61

ثن�ٹ��ٹ�ڤ��ڤ��ڤ��ڤ�ڦ�ڦ�ثم ] الأعراف: ��١٨٨

ثن�ڀ�ڀ�ڀ�ٺ�ٺ�ٺ�ٺ�ٿ�ٿ�ٿ��ٿ�ٹ�ثم ]يوسف: ٤٥[.��تح�� بم�بى�بي�تج� � بخ� � �ئيبج�بح� �ثن�ی�ی�ئج�ئح�ئم�ئى�

.]٦٩ ]يوســف: تخ�تم�تى��ثم ثن ڈ ژ ژ ڑڑ ک ک ک ک گگ گ گ ڳ ڳڳ ڳ ڱ �

ڱ ڱ ڱ ں ں ڻ ڻ ڻ ڻ ثم ]يوســف: ٩٠[.

ک�� ک� ک�ک� � ڈ�ژ�ژڑ�ڑ� ڌڎ�ڎ�ڈ� � � � ڌ� �ڍ�ڍ� �ثن�ڇ�ڇ�.]١٠٨ ]يوســف: گ�گ�ثم

ثن ئۆ ئۈ ئۈ ئې ئې ئې ئى ئى ثم ]الحجر: ٤٩[. �

ثن�ئۈ�ئې��ئې�ئې�ئى�ئى�ثم ]الحجر: ٨٩[.��ڳ�� گ� گ� گ� گ� ک� ک� ک� ک� � ڑ� ڑ� �ثن�

��ڻ�ڻ��ڻ�ڻۀ�ۀ�ہ� ��ڱ�ڱ�ڱ�ں�ں� � � � � � ڳڳ�ڳ�ڱ�ڭ�� ڭ� ۓ� ھ�ھ��ھ�ھ�ے�ےۓ� ہ�ہہ�

.]٢٢ ]إبراهيــم: �ۋ�ثم ڭ�ۇۇ�ۆ�ۆ�ۈ�ۈ�ۇٴ� ڭ�

ثن�ئۈ�ئې��ئې�ئې�ئى�ئى�ثم ]الحجر: ٨٩[.��

62

Repeated question in a phrase

This is the presence of two questions after each other in one verse.

They occur in 11 places in the Qur’an.

The places:

]الرعــد: - ١ ثن ۈ ۇٴ ۋ ۋ ۅ ۅ ۉ ۉ ې ې ې ېى ثم في الرعــد: .]٥

في الإسراء موضعان :- ٢

ثن تج تح تخ تم تى تي ثج ثم ثى ثي ثم ]الإسراء: ٤٩[. چ چ چ چ ڃ ڃ ڃ ڃ ڄ ڄ ڄ ڄ ڦ ثن

.]٩٨ ]الإسراء: ثم ڇ ڇ في المومنين :- ٣

ثن ڱ ڱ ڱ ں ں ڻ ڻ ڻ ڻ ثم ]المؤمنون: ٨٢[. في النمل:- ٤

ثن ڈ ڈ ژ ژ ڑ ڑ ک ک ک ک ثم ]النمل: ٦٧[.

في العنكبوت:- ٥

ثن ہ ہ ھ ھ ھ ھ ے ے ۓ ۓ ڭ ڭ ڭ ڭ ۇ ثم ]العنكبــوت: ٢٨[.

في السجدة: - ٦

ثم ئى ئى ئې ئې ئې ئۈ ئۆئۈ ئۆ ئۇ ئۇ ئو ئو ئە ئە ئا ثن .]١٠ ]الســجدة:

63

في الصافات موضعان:- ٧

ثن ے ے ۓ ۓ ڭ ڭ ڭ ڭ ثم ]الصافات: ١٦[.ثن پ پ پ پ ڀ ڀ ڀ ڀ ثم ]الصافات: ٥٣[.

في الواقعة : - ٨

ثم ئم ئح ئج ی ی ی ی ئى ئى ئى ئې ئې ئې ثن .]٤٨ ]الواقعــة: ٤٧ -

في النازعات:- ٩

ثن�ۅ�ۅ�ۉ�ۉ�ې��ې�ې�ې�ى�ى��ئا�ثم ]النازعات: ١٠ - ١١[.

Rule:

Tashιl for the hamzah in the first question, then Tahqiq for the hamzah in the second question.

Exceptions:

In the following two verses:

The first one is

في العنكبوت:

ڭ ڭ ڭ ۓ ۓ ے ے ھ ھ ھ ھ ہ ہ ثن ڭ ۇ ۇ ۆ ۆ ۈ ۈ ۇٴ ۋ ۋ ۅۅ ۉ ۉ ې ې ې ې ى ى ئا ئا ئە ئە ئو ئو ئۇ ثم

ــوت: ٢٨ - ٢٩[. ]العنكب

The second one is

في النمل:

ثن ڈ ڈ ژ ژ ڑ ڑ ک ک ک ک ثم ]النمل: ٦٧[.

The rule will be the opposite, so Tahqiq for the hamzah in the first question then Tashιlfor the hamzah in the second question.

64

Idgham and Ith-har

الإدغام والإظهار

The Idgham will be applied in the following cases:

1. The Idgham of letter ذ into ت in the word اتخذتم and its derivatives.

2. The Idgham of letter د into ض ، ظ

E.g.:

ثن ہ ہ ثم ]ص: ٢٤[.

ثن ڈ ژ ثم ]البقرة: ١٠٨[.

- The Idgham of letter ت into ظ

E.g.:

ثن ٻ پ ثم ]الأنبياء: ١١[.- The Idgham of letter ن into و in joining the first two verses in Surat

Yasin

ثن ڤ ڤ ڦ ڦ ڦ ثم ]يس: ١ - ٢[.The Ith-har (Ith-har is to recite each letter from the respective

Makhraij) will take place in the following verses:

1- Ith-har for the letter ب in يعذب من يشاء ، اركب معنا

ثن ڎ ڎ ڈ ثم ]المائدة: ٤٠[. ثن ہ ہ ثم ]هود: ٤٢[.2- Ith-har for the letter ث in يلهث ذلك

ثن ۋۋ ۅ ثم ]الأعراف: ١٧٦[.

65

Important note:

In joining the first two verses in Surat Al Qalam:

ثن ڈژ ژ ڑ ڑ ک ثم ]القلم: ١[.

Ith-har or Idgham can be applied, but Ith-har is the most common

way.

66

Ijtima’as-sakinayn

اجتماع ال�صاكنين

Two sākin letters meeting together.

Rule:

There are two cases:

1- If the third letter in the verb is vowelled with an original dammah, then

pronounce the first sākin with dammah.

2- If the third letter in the verb is vowelled with temporary dammah or

fatha or kasra, then pronounce the first sākin with kasra.

How can you differ between original and temporary dammah?

Put the verb in the singular imperative form—if it still has the dam-

mah, then it is original dammah; if it does not have the dammah, then it is

a temporary dammah.

In the whole Qur’an there are only five verbs with a temporary dam-

mah, which are:

ثن ڍ ثم ]ص: ٦[.

ثن ڦثم ]يونس: ٧١[.

ثن ٿ ثم ]الكهف: ٢١[.

ثن��ۇٴ�ثم ]الحجر: ٦٥[.

ثن ی ثم ]طه: ٦٤[.

67

The verb The imperative singular form

(original dammah) ثن�ں�ثم (original dammah) اعبد

(temporary dammah) امشوا (no dammah on the third letter) امش

(temporary dammah) اقضوا اقض

Practice:

1- In the following example:

ثن ٿ ٹ ثم ]الشعراء: ٦٣[.

The letter ن is the first sākin, and the letter ض is the second sākin; and

they meet together (in joining we drop

Hamzat ul-wasl). So look at the third letter in the verb اضرب– it is the

letter ر with Kasra (third letter is with Kasra), so pronounce the first sākin

.with Kasra ن

ثن ٿ ٹ ثم ]الشعراء: ٦٣[.


ثن ڭ ڭ ثم ]المائدة: ١١٧[.

The letter ن is the first sākin, and the letter ب is the second sākin; and

they meet together (in joining we drop Hamzat ul-wasl). So look at the

third letter in the verb اعبــدوا– it is the letter ب with an original dammah

(the third letter is with an original dammah), so pronounce the first sākin

.with dammah ن

أن اعبدوا

68


ثن ڍ ڍ ثم ]ص: ٦[.The letter ن is the first sākin, and the letter م is the second sākin; and

they meet together (in joining we drop Hamzat ul-wasl), so look at the

third letter in the verb (امشــوا) it is letter م with a temporary dammah (the

third letter is with a temporary dammah for the reason mentioned above).

So pronounce the first sākin ن with a dammah.

أن امشوا

69

SAKT (saktah)

Definition:

It is the breaking of the sound without the breaking of the breath.

This application is only allowed in those places where sakt has been

transmitted.

The four obligatory sakatat (sakatat is the plural form of saktah):

ثن�ۈ�ۈ�ۇٴ��ۋ�ۋ�ۅ�ۅ�ۉ��ۉ�ې�ېې�ې��ثم ]الكهف: ١[.��

ثن ڦ ڦڄ ڄ ڄ ثم ]القيامة: ٢٧[. �

ثن�ڃچ�چچ�چ�ڇ�ڇ�ڇ�ڇ��ڍ�ڍ�ثم ]المطففين: ١٤[.��

ئۇ�ئۆ�ئۆ��ئۈ�ئۈ�ئې�ثم �� ئە�ئەئوئو�ئۇ� ئا�ئا� �ثن�ى�ى�.]٥٢ ]يــس:

Rule:

Imam Warsh read the four obligatory sakatat with no Sakat.

70

Ishmam

Definition:

To give a hint of the letter or harakah with which Ishmam is being

made.

Rule:

Imam warsh do Ishmam with a harakah (Ishmam the kasra with

dahmmah) in the following two words.

ثن ڳ ثم ]هود: ٧٧[.

ثن ٻ ثم ]الملك: ٢٧[.

71

Al Tahrirat

1- Presence of Mad leen + zawat Al ya+the word )الجار(

Mad leen Zawat Al ya Alif in )الجار)4 counts Fath Fath and Taqlil

4 counts Taqlil Taqlil

6 counts Fath Fath and Taqlil

6 counts Taqlil Fath

2- Presence of Zawat al-Yaa firstly then the word ثن ئۆ ثم

Zawat al-yaa Alif in )جبارين)

Fath Fath and Taqlil

Taqlil Fath and Taqlil

3- Presence of Mad al badal firstly then Madd leen

Madd al-badal

two or four counts four counts

six counts four or six counts

4- Presence of madd leen firstly then Madd al-badal

Madd leen

four counts tathlith (two or four or six counts)

six counts six counts

72

5- Presence of Madd al-badl firstly then Madd Ared us-Sukoon Mah-

mooz.

Madd badl Madd Ared us-Sukoon Mahmooz

Two counts Six, four, or two counts

Four counts Six or four counts

Six counts Six counts

6- Presence of Madd al-Badal firstly then Zawat Yaa

Al-badal Zawat yaa

Two counts Fath

Four counts Taqlil

Six counts Fat , Taqlil

7- Presence of Zawat ya firstly then Madd badl

Zawat yaa Madd badl

Fath Two, six counts

Taqlil Four, six counts

8- Presence of Zawat yaa firstly then Madd Leen Mahmooz.

Zawat yaa Madd leen mahmooz

Fath Four, six counts

Taqlil Four, six counts

73

9- Presence of word (سوءات) firstly then Zawat al ya

Mad leen Mahmuz in سوءات Mad badal in سوءات Zawat ya

Two counts Two counts FathTwo counts Four counts TaqlilTwo counts Six counts Fath, TaqlilFour counts Four counts Taqlil

10- Presence of Zawat al-yaa firstly then the word سوءات

Zawat al-yaa Madd Leen Mahmooz in سوءات

Madd al-Badal in سوءات

Fath Two counts Two counts

Fath Two counts Six counts

Taqlil Two counts Four counts

Taqlil Two counts Six counts

Taqlil Four counts Four counts

11- Presence (occurrence of) of Madd al-Badal firstly then Mad Leen

Mahmooz

Madd al-Badal Madd Leen Mahmooz

Two counts Four counts

Four counts Four counts

Six counts Four or six counts

74

General excercises

Write the rule for the following underlined words:

�ثن�ڄ�ڃ�ڃ�ڃ�ڃ�چ�چ�چ�چ�ڇ��ڇ��ڇ�ڇ�ڍ�ڍ��ڌ��ڌ�ڎ�ڎ��ڈ��ڈ��ژ�ژ�ڑ�ڑ�ثم ]طــه: ١ - ٥[.

ڳ � ڳ گ گ گ گ کک ک ک ڑ ڑ ژ ژ ڈ ڈ ڎ ثن ڳ ڳ ڱ ڱڱ ڱ ں ں ڻ ڻ ڻ ڻ ۀ ۀ ہ ہ ہثم

]طــه: ٩٢ - ٩٤[.

ثن ٱ ٻ ٻ ٻ ٻ پ پ پ پ ڀ ڀ ڀ ڀ ٺ ٺ ٺ �ٺ ٿٿ ٿ ٿ ٹٹ ٹ ٹ ڤ ڤ ثم ]البقرة: ٦ - ٧[.

�ثن�ٿ�ٿ�ٿ�ٹ��ٹ�ٹ�ٹ�ڤ�ڤ�ڤ��ڤ�ڦ�ڦ��ڦ��

ڇ� چ�چ�چ�چ�ڇ�ڇ� �ڃ�ڃ� ڦ�ڄ�ڄ�ڄ�ڄ�ڃ�ڃ�

.]١٣٦ ]البقــرة: ڇ�ڍ��ثم

تم � تخ تجتح بي بى بم بخ بجبح ئي ئى ئم ئح ئج ی ی ی ثن تى تي ثج ثم ثى ثم ]آل عمــران: ١٦٥[.

�ثن�ڤ�ڤ�ڤ��ڦ�ڦ�ڦ�ڦ�ڄ�ڄ��ڄ�ڄ�ڃ�ڃ��ڃ�ڃ��چ�چ��چچ��ڇ�ڇ��ڇ�ڇ�ڍ�ڍ�ڌ�ثم ]الكهــف: ٧٧[.

ثن�ۓ�ۓ�ڭ�ڭ�ڭ�ڭ�ۇ�ۇ�ۆ��ۆ�ثم�]الكهف: ٨١[.��ثن�ٺ�ٺ�ٺ�ٿ�ٿ�ٿ��ٿ�ٹ�ٹ�ثم ]مريم: ٦٦[.��ڦ�ڦڦ�ڄ�� ڦ� �ڤ�ڤ� �ثن�ٿ�ٹٹ�ٹ�ٹ�ڤ�ڤ�

.]٣ ]الأنبيــاء: ��ڄ��ڄ�ڃ�ثم ڄ�

75

ثم �� ې� ۉ�ۉ� �ۅ� ۋ�ۋۅ� �ثن�ۆ�ۆ�ۈ�ۈ�ۇٴ�

.] ٨٠ ]الأنبيــاء:

�ثن�ڑ�ڑ�ک�ک��ک��ک�گ�گ�گ�گ�ڳ�ڳ�ڳ�ڳ�ڱ��ڱ��ڱ��ڱ�ں�ں�ڻ�ڻ�ڻ�ڻ�ۀ��ۀہ��ہ�ہ�ہ��ھ�ھ�ھ�ھ�ے�ے�ۓ��ۓ�ڭ�ڭ�ڭڭ�ۇ�ۇ�ۆ��ۆ�ۈ�ۈ�ۇٴ��ۋ�ۋ�ۅ�ۅ�ۉ��ۉ�ې�ېې�ې�ى�ى�ئا�ئا�

ئە��ئە�ئو�ئو�ئۇ�ئۇ�ئۆ�ئۆ�ئۈ�ئۈ��ثم ]الحــج: ٥ [.ثن�ې�ې��ې�ې�ى�ىئا�ئا�ئە�ئە�ئو��ئو��ثم ]الحج: ١٣ [.��ۆ � ۇ ۇ ڭ ڭ ڭ ڭ ۓ ۓ ے ھے ھ ھ ھ ہ ہ ہ ثن

ۆ ۈ ۈ ۇٴ ۋ ۋۅ ۅ ۉ ۉ ې ې ې ې ى ى ئا ئا ثم ]ص: ٢٤ [.

ثن ی ی ئج ئح ئم ئى ئي ثم ]ص: ٧٨ [. �

�ثن�ۀ�ۀ�ہ��ہ��ہ�ہ�ھ�ھھ�ھ�ے�ے�ۓ��ۓ�ڭ��ۇٴ��ۋ�ۋ�ۅ�ۅ�ۉ� ڭ�ڭ�ڭ�ۇ�ۇ��ۆ�ۆ�ۈ�ۈ�

ۉې�ې�ې��ېى�ى�ئا�ئا�ئە�ثم ]الزمــر: ٣٨ [.ئا � ئا ى ى ې ې ې ې ۉ ۉ ۅ ۅ ۋ ۋ ۇٴ ۈ ثن

ــر: ١٥ [. ئەثم ]غافثن ئې ئې ئې ئى ئى ئى ی ثم ]غافر: ٣٢ [. �

��پ�ڀڀ��ڀ�ڀ�ٺ�ٺ�� ثن�ٱ�ٻ�ٻ�ٻ�ٻ�پ�پ�پ�ٺٺ�ٿ�ٿ��ٿ��ٿ��ٹ�ثم ]فصلــت: ١٢ [.

]هــود: � ثن ٱ ٻ ٻ ٻ ٻ پ پ پپ ڀ ڀ ڀ ڀ ٺ ثم

.]٧٢

76

ثن ڭ ڭ ڭ ۇ ۇ ۆ ۆ ۈ ۈ ۇٴ ۋ ۋ ۅ ۅ ۉ ۉ �ــاء: ٥ [. ېثم ]النس

�ثن�ڌ�ڌ�ڎ�ڎ�ڈ�ڈ�ژ�ژ�ڑ��ڑ�کک�ک��

ک�گ�ثم ]النســاء: ١٠ [.

ئېئې � ئۈ ئۈ ئۆ ئۆ ئۇ ئۇ ئو ئو ئە ئە ئا ئا ثن ئې ئى ئى ئى ی ثم ]هــود: ٤٤[.

77

References

1.The Usul and Farsh in Riwayat Warsh by Shaikah Fatima Yacout.

2. Rules of Warsh narration by Shikah Marwa El Gindy.

أصول ورش عن نافع من طريق الأزرق .3

By Sheikah Wafaa Sharif.

عنية الطلبة في تيسير السبعة.4

By Sheik Muhammad Saleem Gaibie.

79

Contents

Foreword .......................................................................... 3

Biography of Imam Warsh ............................................ 5

Isti’adha. ................................................................................................7

The Basmallah ................................................................. 8

Mīm al-Jaam’a (mīm plural) ....................................... 12

Haa Al kenaya ............................................................... 15

Al-Madd ......................................................................... 19

An-Naql .......................................................................... 36

Al-Fath ,At-Taqlil and Al-Imalah ............................... 39

Rules of Raa ................................................................... 44

Taghlīth of the Lam ...................................................... 49

Yaa al-idafa.................................................................... 52

Yat’at az-Zawa’id ........................................................ 56

Repeated question in a phrase ..................................... 62

This is the presence of two questions after each other in one verse. ........................................................................ 62

Idgham and Ith-har ...................................................... 64

80

Ijtima’as-sakinayn ........................................................ 66

SAKT (saktah) ............................................................... 69

Ishmam........................................................................... 70

Al Tahrirat ..................................................................... 71

General excercises ......................................................... 74

References ..................................................................... 77

ثن ک گ گ گ گ ڳ ڳ ڳ ڳ ڱ ڱ ثم ]يونس: ٥٨[. Say, “In the bounty of Allah and in His mercy - in that let

them rejoice; it is better than what they accumulate.”

let’s learn riwayat warsh

Documents