Historical LinguisticLexical Change

Group 5

Ariska Yuliana (1104794)Febrianty Asti Utami (0902498)Fira Nursya’bani (0906856)Iis Ismawati ()

Class 7B

What is a lexical change?

Another type of language that involves modifications to the words

Introduction

Lexical copying

• Clipping or compression

• Word mixes or blends

• Reconstruction of available

linguistic features in creating new

words

Lexical Innovation

Cultural practice• Changes in society• Influence of other cultures

influence

Why languages undergo lexical change?

Core Vocabulary

Cultural Vocabulary

Kinds of Vocabulary

•Core vocabulary is basically vocabulary that we can expect to find in all human languages

• Cultural vocabulary refers to meanings that are cultural specific or which people learn through the experience of their own culture

There are some other terminology which is culture specific and thank you is one good example of such an expression

In other example, in very few Australian Aboriginal languages have separate words for numbers above two or three

Anything more than three is simply expressed by the word for many or an awkward compound of the existing numbers could be used

Culture specific

One /Jabur/

Two /Bula:bu/

Seven /Bula:bu-Bula:bu-Bula:bu-jabur/

In the Bandjalang language of northern New South Wales in

Australia

No culture is constant an often cultural changes are brought about as the result of contact with culturally or technologically different people

As European technology and beliefs have spread into the Pacific, many words of English origin have been copied in the languages of this region

Continue:

English Origin Pacific region

Bottle /botolo/ (Papua New Guinea)

Cigarette /hikareti/ (Maori)

Car /Motuka/ (Tongans)

Paper /ve:va/ (Vanuatu)

Thank you /tagio/ (Paamese)

It is not just English words that have been copied into Pacific language; colonial powers have been introducing cultural changes to this part of the world for the last century and half

For example: French contribute to word /lalena/ ‘queen’ into the languages of wallis and Futuna (from la reine) and Germans have contributed words like /beten/ ‘pray’ into some of the languages of Papua New Guinea

Continue:

1. Lexical copying Reshaping word (eliminating or inserting)

It reshapes words to fit its phonological structure; non occurring phonemes may be replaced with phonemes that are present in the system of the language

Lexicon Innovation

English Bahasa Indonesia

Lamp Lampu

Glass Gelas

Book Buku

Doublets pairs of words in which one is directly inherited, while the other is a later copy from a related language

Compression (or clipping) process of dropping off one or more syllables from the end or middle of a word, for example:Original Clipped

administration adminuniversity Univ, varsityShepparton SheppWangaratta Wang

Creating new words (from original linguistic resources) to fill lexical gap

Original words New Compound

Fijian /waga/‘canoe’

/vuka/‘fly’

/waga-vuka/‘aeroplane’

Paamese

/out ten/‘place’

/aman/‘birds’

/out ten aman/‘place of birds’

Expression of new meaning?

To express technological and cultural change

To demonstrate level of education (i)To be much more of the modern world than their grandparents (ii)

Why do people have to create new words through lexical

innovation?

(i)Coup de grâce (French) ----- ‘final

blow’ (English)

(ii)Paamese Language

English Paamese

/bu:s/‘bush’

/leiai/

/ka:ren/‘garden’

/a:h/

by taking an existing word and extend its area of reference to express new meaning

by generating new words and joining existing words together in new compound

To fill lexical gaps

English Paamese

Aeroplane /aman/‘bird’

Original words New Compound

Fijian /waga/‘canoe’

/vuka/‘fly’

/waga-vuka/‘aeroplane’

Paamese

/out ten/‘place’

/aman/‘birds’

/out ten aman/‘place of birds’ --airport

Thank you…