lfs report 2010

Report on Labour Force Survey 2010

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II

Cover photo

Diferent Economic Activities of Bangladesh

Cover Design Md. Shamsul Alam, Director, Industry and Labour Wing Mohammad Ashraf Hussain, Maintenance Engineer, BBS

Mr. Chitta Ronjon Ghosh, RDP Section, BBS

Compose and Format: S . M. Anwar Husain, BBS

For information about this book or other statistics

Please visit www.bbs.gov.bd

Contact [email protected]


III

REPORT ON

LABOUR FORCE SURVEY 2010

August 2011

evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡iv Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics

Statistcs Division Ministry of Planning

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh


IV


V

Foreword

Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) has been conducting Labour Force Survey

(LFS) since 1980 at different intervals. The present report is based on Labour Force Survey

2010, which is eleventh in the series.

The present labour force survey used usual definition of economically active

population according to ILO convention. In LFS 2010 in addition to core labour force

module two additional modules on literacy and volunteerism was also used. Two separate

reports on volunteerism and literacy have also been published

I like to express my sincere appreciation to Mr. Md. Shahjahan Ali Mollah, Director

General, BBS and the respected members of the technical committee for Industry and

Labour Wing for their hard work.

I hope and believe that this publication will be very useful one to the policy makers,

planners, development partners and other users who are involved in labour force

development and employment generation activities of the country.

Any comments or suggestions for further improvement of the report will be highly

appreciated.

Dhaka August, 2011

Riti Ibrahim Secretary

Statistics Division Ministry of Planning


VI

Preface

Conducting of Labour Force Survey at an interval of 4-5 years is a core activity of the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS). The present report is based on Labour Force Survey 2010 conducted during May 2010. The last Labour Force Survey was conducted in 2005-06. The survey of 2010 recorded labour force participation of all persons aged 15 years and above covering the whole geographic area of the country. The participation in labour force has been classified into four distinct categories namely; employed, unemployed, underemployed and not in the labour force (including students and inactive persons).

The survey report presents information on the size and composition of labour force by gender, major occupation by industry, employment status by gender and so on. The report also addressed youth Labour Force separately.

The report is prepared by a team led by Md. Shamsul Alam, Director, Industry and Labour Wing and Programme Manager of Labour Force Survey 2010 who was actively assisted by Mr. Kabir Uddin Ahmed, Deputy Director and Ms. Sabila Khatun, Statistical Officer.

Thanks to Dr. Rushidan Islam Rahman, Research Director , BIDS for her review of the preliminary draft and valuable suggestions for the improvement of the report

It may be mentioned that policy makers, planners and executives of Government and Non-government organizations require updated labour force statistics for monitoring the change in labour force and employment situation of the country. I hope the report will meet some of these requirements.

Comments and suggestions for further improvement of the report will be highly appreciated.

Dhaka August ,2011

(Md. Shahjahan Ali Mollah ) (Additional Secretary)

Director General Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics


VII


VIII

Contents Foreword V

Preface VI

Contents VIII

List of Tables XI

List of Figures XVI

Key Findings of Labour Force Survey 2010 1

Executive Summary 6

CHAPTER‐I 9

SURVEY METHODOLOGY 9

1.1. Introduction 9 1.2. Survey objectives: 10 1.3. House Listing and PSU Maps: 11 1.4. Preparation of Questionnaire, Form and Training Manual: 11 1.5. Training of Survey Personnel: 11 1.6. Data Collection and Supervision of field work: 12 1.7. Data Processing: 12 1.8. Limitations: 12 1.9. Post Design Weights: 13

CHAPTER‐II 14

HOUSEHOLD AND POPULATION CARACTERISTICS 14

2.1 Age-Sex Distribution of Population 14 2.2. Population by Literacy 16 2.3. Population aged 5 Years and Over by Level of Education 17 2.4. Training Received by Population aged 5 Years and over 19 2.5. Population aged 10 Years and Over by Marital Status 20 2.6. Average Size of Household by Residence 20 2.7. Tenure of Dwelling Houses by Residence 21 2.8. Household by Type of Structure and Residence 22 2.9. Household by Sources of lighting 23 2.10. Household by Sources of Drinking Water 23 2.11. Household by Cooking Fuel Used 24 2.12. Household by Toilet Facility 25 2.13. Household Access to Assets/Modern Amenities 25 2.14. Household by Land ownership 26 2.15. Household by Main Activity 27 2.16. Household by Main Sources of Income. 29 2.17. Selected Activities of the Household 30 2.18. Economic Dependency Ratio 30

CHAPTER‐III 31

LABOUR FORCE CHARACTERISTICS 31

3.1. Working Age Population 31 3.2. Working Age Population by Broad Economic Category 32


IX

3.3. Labour Force by Sex and Residence 34 3.4. Economically Inactive Population by Sex and Residence 35 3.5. Labour Force by Administrative Division 36 3.6. Labour Force by Age and Sex 37 3.7. Labour Force by Level of Education 38 3.8. Labour Force by Literacy 40 3.9. Labour Force Growth Rate 2005-2006 to 2010 41 3.10. Crude and Refined Activity Rate 42 3.11. Labour Force Participation Rate 43

CHAPTER‐IV 45

CHARACTERISTICS OF EMPLOYED POPULATION 45

4.1. Employment by Broad Economic Sectors 45 4.2. Employed Persons by Major Occupation 46 4.3. Labour Force Growth Rate by Occupation 48 4.4. Employed Persons by Major Occupation and Level of Education 48 4.5. Employed Persons by Formal and Informal Sector 50 4.6. Occupation by Sector of Employment 51 4.7. Employment by Industry 52 4.8. Growth Rate of Employed Persons by Industry 55 4.9. Employed Persons by Major Industry and Level of Education 56 4.10. Employment by Major Industry and Sector of Employment 58 4.11. Status in Employment 60 4.12. Status in Employment by Major Occupation 61 4.13. Weekly Hours Worked 62 4.14. Average Weekly Hours Work by Occupation 63 4.15. Average Weekly Hours Worked by Major Industries 65 4.16. Average Hours Worked by Status of Employment 66 4.17. Weekly Income of the Day Labourers 68 4.18. Monthly Income of Salaried Workers 70

CHAPTER‐V 72

UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNDEREMPLOYMENT 72

5.1. Unemployment Rate 73 5.2. Unemployment Rate by Age 74 5.3. Unemployment Rate by Level of Education 75 5.4. Educated Labour Force and Educated Unemployment Rate 77 5.5. Unemployment and Underemployment 77 5.6. Duration of Unemployment 79

CHAPTER‐VI 81

YOUTH LABOUR FORCE 81

6.1. Youth Labour Force by Economic Category 81 6.2. Age-Sex Composition of Youth Labour Force 82 6.3. Youth Labour Force Participation Rate 83 6.4. Youth Labour Force by Administrative Division 84 6.5. Youth Labour Force by Literacy 86 6.6. Youth Labour Force by Level of Education 86 6.7. Employed Youth by Major Industry 88


X

6.8. Employed Youth by Major Occupation 89 6.9. Employed Youth by Status in Employment 91 6.10. Unemployed Youth by Age Group 92

Detailed Tables 93

Appendix 219

Appendix‐A 220

Sample Design of Labour Force Survey 2010 220

1. Introduction 220 2. Sampling Frame of PSUs 220 3. Determination of Sample size and Sample Allocation 221 4. Survey Weights and Estimation 224 5. Actual number of Households covered in LFS,2010 226

Appendix‐B 229

Concepts and definitions 229

Appendix‐C 233

Technical Committee for the Labour Force Survey 2010 233

Appendix‐D 234

List of officials Responsible for over all Management of LFS 2010 234

Appendix‐E 236

Standard Errors of Selected Indicators 236

Appendix‐F 237

Summary of the Discussions and Decisions taken in Different Technical Committee Meetings on the Labour Force Survey 2010. 237

Appendix‐G 240

Questionnaire 240

Acronyms 251


XI

List of Tables Table‐2.1: Population by age group and sex, 2010 15

Table‐2.2: Literacy rate of population aged 5 years and over by sex 16

Table‐2.3: Percentage of population aged 5 years and over by level of education 18

Table‐2.4: Percentage of Population aged 5 years and over by training received 19

Table‐2.5: Percentage of population 10 years and over by marital status and sex 20

Table‐2.6: Average size of household by residence 20

Table‐2.7: Tenure of dwelling house by residence 21

Table 2.8: Percentage of households by type of structure and tenure ship 22

Table‐2.9: Households by sources of lighting 23

Table‐2.10: Household by sources of drinking water 23

Table‐2.11: Households by type of cooking fuel used 24

Table‐2.12: Households by toilet facility 25

Table‐2.13: Households having assets/consumer durable 26

Table‐2.14: Households by land ownership 27

Table‐2.15: Households by main activity 28

Table‐2.16: Households by main sources of income 29

Table ‐2.17 : Households Selected Activities 30

Table‐2.18: Economic dependency ratio by residence 30

Table‐3.1: Working age population by broad age group (As on May 2010) 32

Table 3.2: Working age population by broad economic category 33

Table‐3.3: Labour force aged 15 years and over by sex and residence 34

Table‐3.4: Economically inactive persons aged 15 years and over by sex and residence 36

Table‐3.5: Labour force aged 15 years and over by Administrative division 36

Table‐3.6: Labour force aged 15 years and over by age group and sex 38

Table‐3.7: Labour force aged 15 years and over by level of education 39

Table‐3.8: Labour force aged 15 years and over by literacy rate 41

Table‐3.9: Annual average labour force growth rate 42

Table‐3.10 : Crude and refined activity rate 43

Table‐3.11: Labour force participation rate by age group and sex 43

Table‐4.1: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by broad economic sector 45

Table‐4.2: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major occupation 47

Table‐4.3 : Growth rate of major occupation between 2002‐03 to 2005‐06 48

Table 4.4: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major occupation and level of education 49

Table‐4.5: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by formal and informal sector 50

Table‐4.6: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major occupation and sector of employment 51

Table‐4.7: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major industry 53

Table‐4.8: Average annual growth rate of industry between 2005‐2006 to 2010 55

Table‐4.9: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major industry and level of education 57


XII

Table‐4.10: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major industry and sector of employment. 58

Table‐4.11: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by status in employment 60

Table‐4.12: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major occupation and status in employment 62

Table‐4.13: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by weekly hours worked 63

Table 4.14: Employed person aged 15 years and above average weekly hours work by occupation 64

Table 4.15: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by average weekly hours worked and Industry 66

Table‐4.16: Average weekly hours worked of employed persons aged 15 years and over by status in employment 67

Table‐4.17: Day labourers by weekly income 69

Table‐4.18: Salaried workers by monthly income 70

Table‐5.1: Unemployment rate of population aged 15 years and over by sex and residence 74

Table‐5.2: Unemployment rate by age group, sex and residence 74

Table‐5.3: Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over by level of education and unemployment 76

Table‐5.4: Educated labour force aged 15 years and over and educated unemployment rate 77

Table‐5.5: Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over by economic category 78

Table 5.6: Underemployed persons and underemployment rates of population aged 15 years and over by sex 79

Table‐5.7: Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over by duration of unemployment 80

Table‐6.1: Youth labour force aged 15‐29 years by broad economic category 81

Table‐6.1.1: Youth labour force aged 15‐29 years by broad economic category 82

Table‐6.2: Economically active youths aged 15‐29 years by age group, and sex 83

Table‐6.3: Youth labour force (aged 15‐29 years) participation rate by age group and sex 84

Table‐6.4: Youth labour force aged 15‐29 years by division 85

Table 6.5: Economically active, employed and unemployed youths aged 15‐29 years by literacy 86

Table‐6.6: Youth labour force (aged 15‐29 years) by level of education 87

Table‐6.7: Employed youths aged 15‐29 years by major industry 88

Table‐6.8: Employed youths aged 15‐29 years by major occupation 90

Table‐6.9: Employment youths aged 15‐29 years by status in employment 91

Table‐6.10: Unemployed youths aged 15‐29 years by age group, sex and residence 92

Table‐p1: Population by age group, sex and residence 94

Table‐P2: Population 15 years and over by marital status, sex and residence 95

Table‐P3: Literacy rate of population 5 years and over by sex 95

Table‐P4: Population 5 years & over by level of education, sex and residence 95

Table‐P5: Population 5 years and over by training received, sex and residence 96

Table‐P6: Population aged 15 years and over by training received, sex and residence 97

Table‐H1: Households by type of dwelling unit, tenure ship and residence 98

Table‐H2: Households by type of dwelling unit, tenure ship and residence 98

Table‐H3: Households by household size and district 99

Table‐H4: Female headed households by district 101

Table‐H5: Households by number of children (aged 5‐14 years) and district 103


XIII

Table‐H6: Households by source of lighting and residence 104

Table‐H7: Households by source of drinking water and district 105

Table‐H8: Households by type of cooking fuel used and residence 107

Table‐H9: Households by type of toilet facilities and residence 107

Table‐H10: Households by land ownership 107

Table‐H11: Households by main source of income and district 108

Table‐H12: Households by main source of income, households size and residence 110

Table‐L1: Persons aged 15 years and over by work status, age group, sex and residence 111

Table‐L2: Persons aged 15 years and over engaged in household (HH) work, student and others by sex and residence 112

Table‐L3: Employed active persons aged 15 years and over by age group, sex and residence 113

Table‐L4: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by age group, sex and residence 114

Table‐L5: Economically active persons aged 15 years and over by marital status sex and residence 114

Table‐L6: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by marital status sex and residence 115

Table‐L7: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by economic category, sex and residence 115

Table‐L8: Economically Active, employed and unemployed persons aged 15 years and over by literacy rate, sex and residence 116

Table‐L9: Persons aged 15 years and over by economically active population and labour force Participation rate (%), sex and residence 116

Table‐L10: Economically active persons aged 15 years and over by labour force participation rate (%), sex division and district 117

Table‐L11: Economically active persons aged 15 years and over by labour force participation rate (%), sex division and district 119

Table‐E1: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by division, district, sex and residence 121

Table‐E2: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by status in employment, sex and residence 123

Table‐E3: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major industry, sex and residence 123

Table‐E4: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by nature of work, sex and residence 125

Table‐E5: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by sector of employment, sex and residence 125

Table‐E6 : Employed persons aged 15 years over by major industry, sector of employment and residence. 126

Table‐E7:Employed persons aged 15 years and over in informal sector by age group, sex and residence 128

Table‐E8: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by place of work during last week, sex and residence 129

Table‐E9: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by weekly hours worked, sex and residence 130

Table‐E10: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major industry and mode of payment of wage & salary 131

Table‐E11: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major occupation and residence 133

Table‐E12: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by weekly hours worked, status in employment, sex and residence. 134

Table‐E13: Salaried persons aged 15 years and over by monthly income, sex and residence 137

Table‐E14: Day labourer aged 15 years and over by weekly income, sex and residence 138


XIV

Table‐E15: Day labourer aged 15 years and over by weekly average wage rate and industry 138

Table‐E16: Average wage rate of day labourer (agri. & non‐agri.) 15 years and over by sex and residence 139

Table‐E17: Average annual growth rural non‐farm economic activities 2005‐06 to 2010 139

Table‐E18: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by industry, age group and residence 140

Table‐E19: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major industry, status in employment, sex and residence 143

Table‐E20: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major occupation, level of education, sex and residence. 149

Table‐E21: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major industry, level of education, sex and residence 154

Table‐E22: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major occupation, sector of employment, sex and residence 162

Table‐E23: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major industry, sector of employment, sex and residence 164

Table‐E24: Salaried persons aged 15 years and over by major occupation, sector of employment, sex and residence 168

Table‐E25: Paid workers aged 15 years and over by getting employment benefits and sector of employment 170

Table‐E26: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major occupation, status in employment and residence 171

Table‐E27: Employed persons aged a5 years and over by major industry, status in employment and residence 172

Table‐E28: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major industry, major occupation and residence 176

Table‐E29: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by status in employment and level of education 180

Table‐E30: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by detail occupation (3 digit), sex and residence 181

Table‐E31: Employed youth (15‐29) and over by major occupation, weekly hours worked, sex and residence 186

Table‐U1: Unemployed and inactive persons aged 15 years and over by age group, sex and residence. 190

Table‐U2: Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over by level of education, sex and residence. 191

Table‐U3: Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over by Duration of unemployment, sex and residence. 192

Table‐U4: Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over by method of job seeking, sex and residence. 192

Table‐U5: Inactive persons aged 15 years and over by reasons of not trying to find job, sex and residence. 193

Table‐U6: Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over by division, district, sex and residence. 193

Table‐Y01: Youths (aged 15‐29 years) by economic activity, sex and residence 196

Table‐Y02: Youths (aged 15‐24 years) by economic activity, sex and residence 196

Table‐Y03: Youth labour force (aged 15‐29 years) by district, sex and residence 196

Table‐Y04: Youth labour force (aged 15‐24 years) by division, sex and residence 198

Table‐Y05: Youth (aged 15‐29 years) Participation rate by age group, sex and residence 199


XV

Table‐Y06: Employed and unemployed youths (aged 15‐29 years) by age group, sex and residence 199

Table‐Y07: Youth (aged 15‐29 years) employment rate by age group, sex and residence 200

Table‐Y08: Youth (aged 15‐29 years) labour force participation rate by sex and district 200

Table‐Y09: Youth (aged 15‐29 years) employment rate by sex and district 202

Table‐Y10: Economically active, employed and unemployed youths (aged 15‐29 years) by literacy rate, sex and residence 203

Table‐Y11: Economically active, employed and unemployed youths (aged 15‐24 years) by literacy rate 204

Table‐Y12: Economically active population, employed youths and unemployed youths (aged 15‐29 years) by level of education and sex 204

Table‐Y13: Economically active, employed and unemployed youths (aged 15‐24 years) by level of education and sex 205

Table‐Y14: Employed youths (aged 15‐29 years) by major industry, sex and residence 206

Table‐Y15: Employed youths (aged 15‐24 years) by major industry, sex and residence 207

Table‐Y16: Employed youths (aged 15‐29 years) by major occupation, sex and residence 208

Table‐Y17: Employed youths (aged 15‐24 years) by major occupation, sex and residence 209

Table‐Y18: Employed youths (aged 15‐29 years) by employment status, sex and residence 210

Table‐Y19: Employed youths (aged 15‐24 years) by status in employment, sex and residence 211

Table‐Y20: Employed youths (aged 15‐29 years) by nature of work, sex and residence 212

Table‐Y21: Employed youths (aged 15‐29 years) by major occupation and employment status. 212

Table‐Y22: Employed youths (aged 15‐29 years) by sector of employment, sex and residence 213

Table‐Y23: Employed youths (aged 15‐29 years) by major industry, sector of employment and residence 213

Table‐Y24: Employed youths (aged 15‐29 years) by place of work, sex and residence 216

Table‐Y25: Employed youths (aged 15‐29 years) by weekly hours worked and sector of employment 217

Table‐Y26: Employed youths (aged 15‐29 years) by major occupation, sector of employment, sex and residence 217


XVI

List of Figures Figure 1: Population pyramid by age group and sex 15

Figure 2: Literacy rate of population aged 5 years and over by sex 16

Figure 3: Percentage of population aged 5 years and over by level of education 18

Figure 4: Tenure of dwelling house by residence 21

Figure 5: Households by land ownership 27

Figure 6: Households by main activity 28

Figure 7: Households by main sources of income 29

Figure 8: Working age population by broad economic category 33

Figure 9: Labour force aged 15 years and over by sex and residence 35

Figure 10: Labour force aged 15 years and over by Administrative division 36

Figure 11: Labour force aged 15 years and over by literacy rate 41

Figure 12: Annual average labour force growth rate 42

Figure 13: Labour force participation rate by age group and sex 44

Figure 14: Employed persons by broad economic sector of employment 46

Figure 15: Employed persons by major occupation 47

Figure 16: Employed persons by sector of employment 50

Figure 17: Average weekly hours worked of employed person by occupation 65

Figure 18: Average weekly hours worked of employed persons by status in employment 68

Figure 19: Unemployment rate by age group, sex and residence 75

Figure 20: Educated unemployment rate by sex and residence 77

Figure 21: Unemployment and underemployment rates by residence 79

Figure 22: Duration of unemployment by month 80

Figure 23: Youth labour force aged 15‐29 years by economic category 82

Figure 24: Youth labour force (aged 15‐29 years) participation rate 84

Figure 25: Youth labour force (aged 15‐29 years) by aadministrative divisions 85


1

Key Findings of Labour Force Survey 2010 (Million)

Labour force characteristics Labour force survey (15+ Population) 2002-03 2005-06 2010

1. Economically active population/Labour Force (Million) (15+) Bangladesh Total 46.3 49.5 56.7 Male 36.0 37.3 39.5 Female 10.3 12.1 17.2 Urban Total 11.3 11.7 13.3 Male 8.6 8.9 9.3 Female 2.7 2.8 4.0 Rural Total 35.0 37.8 43.4 Male 27.4 28.5 30.2 Female 7.6 9.3 13.2 2. Employed population (million) Bangladesh Total 44.3 47.4 54.1 Male 34.5 36.1 37.9 Female 9.8 11.3 16.2 Urban Total 10.7 11.3 12.4 Male 8.2 8.6 8.8 Female 2.5 2.7 3.6 Rural Total 33.6 36.1 41.7 Male 26.3 27.5 29.1 Female 7.3 8.6 12.6 3. Unemployed population (million) Bangladesh Total 2.0 2.1 2.6 Male 1.5 1.2 1.6 Female 0.5 0.9 1.0 Urban Total 0.6 0.5 0.9 Male 0.4 0.3 0.5 Female 0.2 0.2 0.4 Rural Total 1.4 1.6 1.7 Male 1.1 0.9 1.1 Female 0.3 0.7 0.6


2


4. Not in labour force (Million) Bangladesh Total 34.5 35.1 38.9 Male 5.2 5.7 8.4 Female 29.3 29.4 30.5 Urban Total 8.6 9.3 9.9 Male 1.5 1.8 2.3 Female 7.1 7.5 7.6 Rural Total 25.9 25.8 29.0 Male 3.7 3.9 6.1 Female 22.2 21.9 22.9 5. Unemployment rate (%) Total 4.3 4.3 4.5 Male 4.2 3.4 4.1 Female 4.9 7.0 5.8 6. Labour force participation rate (%) (refined activity rate) Bangladesh Total 57.3 58.5 59.3 Male 87.4 86.8 82.5 Female 26.1 29.2 36.0 Urban Total 56.8 55.7 57.3 Male 85.1 83.2 80.2 Female 27.4 27.4 34.5 Rural Total 57.5 59.4 60.0 Male 88.1 88.0 83.3 Female 25.6 29.8 36.4 7. Crude activity rate (%) Bangladesh Total 34.7 36.0 38.1 Male 52.7 53.3 52.5 Female 15.9 18.0 23.3 Urban Total 36.2 36.3 39.0 Male 53.8 54.2 54.2 Female 17.6 17.9 23.6 Rural Total 34.3 35.9 37.8 Male 52.3 53.0 52.0 Female 15.4 18.1 23.3


3


8. Dependency ratio Bangladesh Demographic (DDR) 77.7 73.5 72.5 Economic (EDR) 74.5 71.0 68.7 Urban Demographic (DDR) 67.0 60.6 59.4 Economic (EDR) 76.1 79.7 74.5 Rural Demographic (DDR) 81.3 77.9 78.0 Economic (EDR) 74.0 68.3 67.0 9. Employed by broad economic sector (%) Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 Agriculture 51.7 48.1 47.3 Non-agriculture 48.3 51.9 52.7 10. Unpaid family worker (million) Bangladesh Total 8.1 10.3 11.8 Male 3.4 3.5 2.7 Female 4.7 6.8 9.1 Urban Total 1.6 1.1 2.1 Male 0.6 0.5 0.3 Female 1.0 0.6 1.8 Rural Total 6.5 9.2 9.7 Male 2.8 3.0 2.3 Female 3.7 6.2 7.4 11. Youth Labour Force (aged 15-29) (Million) Bangladesh Total 19.0 17.8 20.9 Male 13.5 13.2 13.1 Female 5.5 4.6 7.8 Urban Total 4.4 4.2 5.1 Male 3.1 3.0 3.1 Female 1.3 1.2 2.0 Rural Total 14.6 13.6 15.8 Male 10.4 10.2 10.0 Female 4.2 3.4 5.8


4


12. Youth Labour Force (aged 15-24) (Million) Bangladesh Total 12.4 10.8 13.2 Male 8.6 8.4 8.2 Female 3.8 2.4 5.0 Urban Total 2.8 2.3 3.2 Male 1.9 1.7 1.9 Female 0.9 0.6 1.3 Rural Total 9.6 8.5 9.9 Male 6.7 6.7 6.3 Female 2.9 1.8 3.6 13. Female labour force (million) Bangladesh 10.3 12.1 17.2 Urban 2.7 2.8 4.0 Rural 7.6 9.3 13.2 14. Female labour force participation rate (%) Bangladesh 26.1 29.2 36.0 Urban 27.4 27.4 34.5 Rural 25.6 29.8 36.4 15. Employment by sector (million) Formal sector Total 9.2 10.2 6.8 Male 7.3 8.6 5.5 Female 2.0 1.6 1.3 Informal sector Total 35.1 37.2 47.3 Male 27.2 27.5 32.4 Female 7.9 9.7 14.9 16. 1. Employment by major occupation (Million) Total 44.3 47.4 54.1 Professional, technical 1.7 2.2 2.4 Administrative, managerial 0.1 0.2 0.7 Clerical workers 1.5 1.0 1.0 Sales workers 6.5 6.7 8.2 Service workers 2.0 2.8 3.0 Agriculture, forestry & fisheries 22.8 23.0 25.7 Production & transport labourers &

others 9.7 11.5 13.5


5


17. Employment by major industry (million) Total 44.3 47.4 54.1 Agriculture, forestry & fisheries 22.9 22.8 25.7 Mining and quarrying 0.1 0.1 0.1 Manufacturing 4.3 5.2 6.7 Electricity, Gas and water 0.1 0.1 0.1 Construction 1.5 1.5 2.6 Trade, hotel and restaurant 6.7 7.8 8.4 Transport, storage & communication 3.0 4.0 4.0 Finance & business services and real

estate 0.3 0.8 1.0

Health, education, public administration & defense

2.5 2.6 2.3

Community and personal services 2.7 2.6 3.4 18. Status in employment (million) Total 44.3 47.4 54.1 Self-employed/own accountant workers 19.8 19.9 22.0 Elmpoyer 0.2 0.1 0.1

Employee 6.1 6.6 9.4 Unpaid family helpers 8.1 10.3 11.8 Day labourers 8.9 8.6 10.6 Household aid 1.2 1.9 1.4 * Components may not add to totals as some employed persons are engaged in more than one occupation. This is also true for industry and employment status.


6

Executive Summary

The eleventh round of Labour Force (LFS) was conducted by Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics in

April-May 2010. This year in addition to traditional labour force module two separate modules; one

on volunteerism and another on literacy were added to the labour force survey. These two surveys

were conducted in all the households covered under the purview of the Labour Force Survey.

Moreover, a separate survey was conducted on the same area to capture the Informal Sector

activities. This survey was named as Informal Sector Survey (ISS). Two separate reports on

Literacy and Volunteerism have already been published and report on ISS will be published soon.

For LFS 2010, a separate sampling frame was developed with the technical support of the Asian

Development Bank using the 2011 census enumeration areas as the sampling frame. This sample

consists of 1500 Primary Sampling Units (PSU). The PSUs were the enumeration areas of the

Population Census 2001. Of the 1500 PSUs 325 were in the urban area and 1175 were in the rural

area. As many as 43925 households were covered in the LFS 2010 of which 9325 were in the urban

area and 34620 were in the rural area. The estimated population from the LFS 2010 was 148.7

million and the population of working age population (15+) was 95.6 million. Of the total working

age population 54.1 million were employed and 2.6 million were looking for job (unemployed).

Thus, the total labour force of the country stands at 56.7 million in 2010 which was 49.5 million in

2005-2006. The labour force growth rate during period was estimated at 3.39 percent. The growth

rate was 3.10% in the urban area and 3.48% in the rural area.

It is observed from the survey that about 1.8 million people are coming to labour market annually.

The labour force participation rate was 59.3% in 2010 which was 58.5% in 2005-2006. It is notable

that the female labour force participation rate increased from 29.2% in 2005-2006 to 36.0% in

2010. Labour force participation rate were higher in the rural area (60.0%) compared to urban area

(57.3%).

According to LFS 2010, the unemployed population of the country stands at 2.6 million which was

2.1 million in 2005-2006. The corresponding unemployment rates were 4.5% and 4.3%

respectively. It is mentionable that unemployment rate increases if unpaid family helpers working


7

less than 15 hours a week is considered . In that case unemployment rate stands at 14.16% for the

total population, 6.63% for male and 31.49% for female.

According to Labour Force Survey 2010, the crude activity rate stands at 38.1% for both sex,

52.5% for male and 23.3% for female. Such rates were 36.0%, 53.3% and 18.0% respectively for

both sex, male & female in 2005-2006. It is praise worthy that both demographic and economic

dependency of the country reduced in 2010 compared to 2005-2006. The demographic and

economic dependency ratio stands at 72.5 and 68.7 in 2010 compared to 73.5 and 71.5 in 2005-

2006.

The youth labour force of the country increased to 20.9 million in 2010 from 17.8 million in 2005-

2006. Among the youth labour force 13.1 million are male and 7.8 million are female. Such

numbers were 13.2 million and 4.6 million in 2005-2006.

Among the employed population 47.6% were employed in agriculture sector and the rest were in

manufacturing (12.0%), service (35.0%) and other industry (5.3%). As regards occupational

distribution of the population it was observed that the highest 47.4% were engaged in agriculture,

forestry and fishery occupation followed by production and transport labourer (22.8%) and sales

worker (15.0%).

As regards growth rate of occupation, the highest growth rate was observed for sales workers

(42.57%) followed by administrative and managerial occupation (36.83%). This may be due to

expansion of service sector of the country in the recent year. It is notable that 87.5% of the

employed population are in the informal sector and the rest 12.5% were in the formal sector. It is

observed that the highest 64.0% employed are engaged in sole proprietorship organization followed

by households (21.6%) and private enterprise (6.0%). The growth rate of population by industry

shows highest growth in real estate, renting and business services (24.47%) mining & quarrying

(18.98%) and construction (13.52%).

Regarding status of employment of the employed population the highest 22.8% were self employed

in agriculture followed by unpaid family helper (21.8%) and regular paid employee (14.6%). In the

urban area the highest 30.3% were regular paid employee followed by self employed in non-


8

agriculture (21.7%) and unpaid family helper (17.1%). On the contrary, in the rural area, the

highest 27.7% were self employed in agriculture followed by unpaid family helper (23.2%) and day

labour in agriculture (12.8%).

The survey findings shows that the average hours of work per week stands at 46 hours for both

sexes, 51 hours for male and 35 hours for female. Such hours of work for the urban areas stands at

49 hours for both sexes, 53 hours for males and 38 hours for females. In the rural area, the average

hours of work for both sexes is 45 hours, 50 hours for male and 34 hours for females. Average

hours of work by occupation show highest average hours of work for sales worker & production

and transport labourers (51 hours). Average hours of work by status in employment shows 57 hours

for servants followed by employer and irregular paid worker (55 hours) and day labourers in

agriculture and non-agriculture (54 hours). Lowest average hours of work per week were observed

for the unpaid family workers (24 hours).

Regarding weekly income of the agriculture labourers it was found that the average income of the

highest 42.8% labourers was between Tk. 501-1000 and in case of non-agricultural labourers the

weekly income of the highest 34.4% labourers was Tk. 1001-1500. As regards monthly income of

salaried employees the highest 21.0% were in the monthly income group Tk. 10000-12499

followed by income group Tk. 8000-8999 (11.8%) and Tk. 4000-4999 (11.6%).


9

CHAPTER-I

SURVEY METHODOLOGY 1.1. Introduction:

Labour force in any country play significant role in of development by producing

goods and services. The experience of the developing role indicate that the countries which

are developing at a higher rate are due to their skilled labour force. The glaring examples

are China, Korea, India, Taiwan, Hongkong and Malaysia. Bangladesh is a least developed country with a vast population of around 148 million

in a small territory of 1,44,000 square kilometer with a population density of 1028 per

square kilometer, the highest in the world except the city states. Bangladesh is also lagging

behind in natural resources, therefore the development of the country depends mainly on the

skilled labour force. The skilled labour force is the human resources, which can develop the

country through their expertise in one hand and can earn a huge foreign exchange on the

others. In the recent years, worker’s remittance is the highest source of foreign exchange

earning of Bangladesh. If more skilled manpower can be deployed in the overseas

employment, then they could contribute in the country’s development to a greater extent.

Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), the National Statistical Organization of the

country, has been conducting Labour Force Survey (LFS) since 1980. The surveys could

not be held at uniform t ime intervals due to resource constraint and other reasons. The latest

survey, before the current one, was done in 2005-2006. Bangladesh Standard Industrial Classifications (BSIC, Rev-4) which is comparable to

International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC, Rev-4) and International Standard

Classification of Occupation (ISCO-88) have been used in the Labour Force Survey 2010.


10

The LFS 2010 was conducted in 1500 Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) of the

country. Earlier the LFS was conducted in the Integrated Multipurpose Sample (IMPS)

areas. But these areas were too old and outdated. Therefore, a Master Sampling Frame was

developed to conduct the LFS 2010. This sample design consists of 1500 Primary Sampling

Units (PSUs). The PSUs were the enumeration areas of Population Census 2001. Of the

1500 PSUs 325 were in the urban area and 1175 were in the rural area. From each PSU at

least 27 households were selected, in case the number of household in the PSU increased

from the Census 2001, the number of households were increased proportionately, thus the

survey covered 43945 households of which 34620 were in the rural area and 9325 were in

the urban area. (Details of the survey design and selection procedure has been presented in

Annexure-A). Data collection in the LFS 2010 were held between May 10 to May 25, 2010. The survey report presents information on the size and composition of labour force

major occupation and industry, status in employment, hours worked, earning,

unemployment and duration of unemployment etc. It also covers the major occupation and

industry of the employed person and the broad sector and place of employment. In order to

facilitate comparison of data of labour force survey 2010 with those of the previous year, all

tables have been shown covering population aged 15 years and over.

1.2. Survey objectives: The main objective of the survey is to collect comprehensive data based on

current activity status of the population aged 15 years and over. The specific objectives of

the survey are as follows:

i) To estimate the size of the labour force (economically active population)

by age, gender, education and locality;

ii) To estimate the number of employed persons by occupation, industry and status of employment;


11

iii) To assess the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of current labour force.

iv) To assess the average hours worked, earnings, etc. of employed persons; v) To assess the extent of unemployment/underemployment;

vi) To estimate the number of educated unemployed by age, gender and locality etc.

1.3. House Listing and PSU Maps: A list of households were made in each selected PSU for the labour force survey.

The map of the PSU were collected from the Geographic Section, BBS. The number of

households from the PSU were selected by systematic sampling technique. The listing from contained information on name and addresses of the household

head, occupation of household head, total household members etc. The household list used

for selection of sample households for data collection of the Labour Force Survey. Maps

used for identifying the boundary of the sample area and also the location of household

within the PSU.

1.4. Preparation of Questionnaire, Form and Training Manual: A draft questionnaire for the Labour Force Survey 2010 was designed on the

basis of the objectives of the survey. An informal pre-testing of the draft questionnaire was

carried out by the officers and staffs of the Industry and Labour Wing of BBS. The training

manual was modified and finalized on the basis of discussions and suggestions of the

survey personnel.

1.5. Training of Survey Personnel: An intensive training of the master trainers, supervising officers and enumerators


12

was arranged in two stages. At the first stage, divisional coordinators and supervising

officers were trained in Dhaka Head Office for two days. Training of the enumerators was

conducted by the master trainers three days at the Dhaka Head Offices.

1.6. Data Collection and Supervision of field work: Data collection was done by the trained officials of BBS from headquarter and also

from the field offices. The Deputy Directors, Statistical Officers/Regional Statistical

Officers/Assistant Statistical Officers were involved in supervision of the field work at

different level.

1.7. Data Processing: Manual editing and coding of data were carried out by the enumerators at the

field level following the international Standard Classification of Occupation (ISCO-88) and

Bangladesh Standard Industrial Classification (BSIC, Rev-4) at 3 digit and 4 digit level

respectively. Other items eg, geo-codes and open ended answers were also coded in

accordance with their respective code lists.

Data entry were carried out by the Computer Wing of BBS and tabulation plan, data

processing were developed by the Industry and Labour Wing of BBS.

1.8. Limitations: The labour force survey 2010 has the following limitations:

- Labour force data by occupation at 3 digit level

may not be statistically representative because of small sample size.

- Age-heaping may be observed due to digit preference and data on age recoding

given without smoothing.


13

- Two separate modules namely - volunteerism and literacy were added to the labour

force survey which overburdened the workload of the enumerators and as such the

quality of the LFS survey was hampered.

- The time allocated for data collection was also inadequate as there was time

constraints for the Zonal Operation of Population Census 2011

1.9. Post Design Weights: Post design weights were developed to make the estimates objective and logical.

Weights were derived in the same way as the stratifications were done. In other words,

proper weights or raising factors were used for the estimation purpose. Actually weights are

the inverse of the sampling fractions obtained from the ratio of observed sample households

in the survey to the updated (May 2010) total households. The sampling fractions were

variable type and derived at the divisional level so that estimates at sub national level

become rational and logical.

CHAPTER-II

HOUSEHOLD AND POPULATION CARACTERISTICS

This Chapter presents the household and population characteristics obtained from the

Labour Force Survey 2010. The household and housing characteristics that, have been discussed

are household size, ownership of housing, type of housing structure, sources of drinking water, type

of fuel used, ownership of selected assets, land ownership, households by activities, households by

main source of income, average monthly income of households etc. The population characteristics

that, have been included are age-sex distribution, literacy, level of education, marital status, training

received by gender etc.

2.1 Age-Sex Distribution of Population Age-sex distribution of population obtained from the Labour Force Survey 2010 has been

presented in Table-2.1. It is seen from the table that, the high concentration of population exists in

lower age groups. The percentage of population in age group 0-14 stands at 35.7% for the nation as

a whole. Such percentage for urban and rural areas were found 32.0% and 36.9% respectively. This

indicate high fertility in rural area compared to urban area. It is notable that, the highest percentage

of population for both sexes in the national level was observed for age group 5-9 (13.1%) followed

by age group 0-4 (11.5%) and age group 10-14 (11.1%). The same pattern is observed in both

urban and rural area except for rural males where the percentage of 10-14 was higher than 5-9

group. In the urban area, 9.5% population was found in age group 0-4 compared to 12.1% for the

rural area for the same age group. The percentage of population in the age group 5-9 in the urban

area was 13.7% as against 13.0% in the rural area. The percentage of population in the age group

65 years and over was 3.9% at the national level. The corresponding percentages in the urban and

rural areas were 3.2% and 4.2% respectively.


15

Table-2.1: Population by age group and sex, 2010

Percents

Total rural urban Total male female Total male female Total male female Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0-4 11.5 11.5 11.4 12.1 12.2 12.0 9.4 9.4 9.4 5-9 13.1 13.2 13.1 13.0 13.0 12.9 13.7 13.7 13.7 10-14 11.1 11.6 10.6 11.8 12.3 11.2 8.9 9.2 8.5 15-19 9.7 10.1 9.4 9.3 9.9 8.6 11.3 10.6 12.0 20-24 8.9 7.9 9.9 8.5 7.6 9.4 10.2 8.9 11.5 25-29 7.8 7.1 8.5 7.7 7.0 8.4 8.1 7.5 8.7 30-34 7.5 7.1 8.0 7.0 6.4 7.6 9.4 9.4 9.3 35-39 6.3 6.2 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.5 5.9 5.8 6.0 40-44 6.1 6.2 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.9 6.5 6.8 6.2 45-49 4.6 4.9 4.3 4.6 4.9 4.4 4.6 5.1 4.1 50-54 4.1 4.5 3.8 3.9 4.1 3.7 4.7 5.5 3.9 55-59 3.0 3.1 2.8 3.2 3.2 3.1 2.3 2.5 2.0 60-64 2.3 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.0 2.1 1.8 65+ 3.9 4.2 3.7 4.2 4.4 3.9 3.2 3.4 3.0

Figure 1: Population pyramid by age group and sex

-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15

0-4

5-9

10-14

15-19

20-24

25-29

30-3435-39

40-44

45-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65+

Male Female


16

2.2. Population by Literacy Literacy rate of population 5 years and over obtained from the Labour Force Survey 2010

has been presented in Table-2.2. It is seen from the table that, at the aggregate level the literacy rate

of population 5 years and over was 55.1% for both sexes, 57.6% for male and 52.5% for female.

Such rates were 46.9%, 50.8% and 42.8% for both sexes, males and females in LFS 2005-06

There exist urban-rural variation in respect of literacy rate, the urban literacy rate was

higher than the rural areas. In the urban area the literacy rate for both sexes, male and female were

65.8, 68.1% and 63.6% respectively in LFS 2010 compared to 58.8%,62.5% and 55.1% from LFS

2005-06. In the rural area, the literacy rate, for both sexes, male and female were 51.8%, 54.5% and

49.1% respectively in the labour force 2010. The corresponding rate in LFS 2005-2006 were

42.9%, 47.0% and 38.7%.

Table-2.2: Literacy rate of population aged 5 years and over by sex

Literacy Bangladesh Urban Rural Total Male Femal

e Total Male Femal

e Total Mal

e Femal

e LFS 2010 Literacy (percent) 55.1 57.6

52.5 65.8 68.1 63.6 51.8 54.

5 49.1

Illiteracy (percent) 44.9 42.4 47.5 34.2 31.9 36.4 48.2 45.5

50.9

LFS 2005-2006 Literacy Rate 46.9 50.8 42.8 58.8 62.5 55.1 42.9 47.

0 38.7

Figure 2: Literacy rate of population aged 5 years and ov er by sex


17

2.3. Population aged 5 Years and Over by Level of Education Population 5 years and over by level of education has been presented in Table-2.3. It is

observed from the table that, of the total population 5 years and over 38.4% have no formal education and the rest 61.6% have some sort of educational attainment. The highest 29.4% have educational level class I-V followed by class VI-VIII (14.0%) and class IX-X (7.5%). Those who

passed SSC (Secondary School Certificate) or equivalent examination were 5.0% and those who passed HSC (Higher Secondary Certificate) or equivalent were 3.7%.It is seen from the table that, the percentage of persons drops sharply after Higher Secondary certificate examination where

degree or equivalent and masters or equivalent were 0.9% and 0.8% respectively. The percentage of population having engineering or medical degree were only 0.1% and that, for technical or vocational degree were 0.1%.

There exist urban-rural and sex variation in respect of level of education, particularly for

higher education. In the national level 1.5% males have degree or equivalent education compared to 0.3% female. The percentage of males having master degree were 1.2% compared to less than one half (0.4%) for the females. As regards engineering and medical degree the percentage of male was

0.2% compared to 0.5% for females and for technical and vocational education, the corresponding percentage for males and females were 0.1% and 0.3% respectively.

In the urban area, 2.0% population had degree and above educational attainment as against 0.6% for the rural area. The percentage of population having master or equivalent degree were 2.1% in the urban area compared to only 0.4% for the rural area. Those who achieved degree in

engineering or medical were 0.4% in the urban area as against only 0.3% in the rural area. The percentage of population having technical or vocational education were 0.1% in the urban area compared to 0.1% in the rural area. There exists also wide sex variation between urban and rural

area with respect of educational attainment.


18

Table-2.3: Percentage of population aged 5 years and over by level of education

Level of education Bangladesh Urban Rural Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

Total 131652 66477 65176 30845 15493 15352 100807 50984 49823 No education 50562 23854 26708 8954 4180 4774 41609 19674 21934

Class I-V 38719 19696 19022 8673 4256 4417 30046 15440 14606

Class VI-VII 18398 9212 9186 4795 2381 2414 13604 6832 6772

Class IX-X 9905 4945 4961 2646 1255 1391 7260 3690 3570 SSC/equivalent 6593 3767 2826 2192 1149 1043 4401 2617 1784

HSC/equivalent 4890 2988 1902 2143 1182 961 2747 1806 941

Degree/equivalent 1177 976 201 612 502 110 565 474 91

Master's/equivalent 1101 815 286 662 459 203 439 356 83 Engineering/medical 144 114 30 114 90 24 30 25 5

Technical/vocational 96 75 22 39 33 6 58 42 16

Others 66 35 31 16 6 10 50 29 21 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 No education 38.4 35.9 41.0 29.0 27.0 31.1 41.3 38.6 44.0

Class I-V 29.4 29.6 29.2 28.1 27.5 28.8 29.8 30.3 29.3

Class VI-VII 14.0 13.9 14.1 15.5 15.4 15.7 13.5 13.4 13.6

Class IX-X 7.5 7.4 7.6 8.6 8.1 9.1 7.2 7.2 7.2 SSC/equivalent 5.0 5.7 4.3 7.1 7.4 6.8 4.4 5.1 3.6

HSC/equivalent 3.7 4.5 2.9 6.9 7.6 6.3 2.7 3.5 1.9

Degree/equivalent 0.9 1.5 0.3 2.0 3.2 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.2

Master's/equivalent 0.8 1.2 0.4 2.1 3.0 1.3 0.4 0.7 0.2 Engineering/medical 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Technical/vocational 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0

Others 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0

Figure 3: Percentage of population aged 5 years and over by lev el of education

38.4

50.9

8.7

0.8

0.1

0.9 0.10.1

No education <S.S.CSSC/HSC/equivalent Degree/equivalentMaster's/equivalent Engineering/medic alTechnical/vocational Others


19

2.4. Training Received by Population aged 5 Years and over Training received by population 5 years and over has been presented in Table 2.4. It is

observed from the table that, at the national level only 5.1% received some sort of training. Such

percentage for male was 6.9% and 3.2% for the female.

There exists urban-rural variation in percentage of population received training. In the urban

area, 8.0% received training as against 4.0% for the rural area. Among males, in the urban area,

11.6% received some sort of training compared to 5.5% in the rural area. For the females, in the

urban area, 5.1% received training as against only 2.6% for the rural area.

It is seen from the table that, at the national level the highest 1.4% received training in

vocational/technical discipline followed by in service training (1.1%), tailoring/garments training

(0.7%) and training on catering service (0.4%). Other type of training was received by 0.9%

population 5 years and over. Detailed can be seen from the table 2.4.

Table-2.4: Percentage of Population aged 5 years and over by training received Training received Total Urban Rural

Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Number

Total 131652 66477 65176 30846 15493 100807 50983 49823 15352 None 126956 63187 63768 29144 14297 97811 48890 48921 14847 Technical/vocational 1890 1239 651 746 517 1144 722 422 229 Catering ser vice 538 368 170 169 106 370 263 107 63 Tailoring/garments 857 477 380 367 181 490 296 194 186 Foreign language 204 144 60 80 61 124 84 41 19 Inser vice tr aining 1438 1151 287 689 545 749 606 143 144 Nursing 186 87 99 53 20 133 67 66 33 Youth devel opment

training 366 283 83 106 76 260 207 53 30

Others 1124 832 292 322 253 802 579 223 69 Percent

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 None 96.4 95.1 97.8 94.5 92.3 97.0 95.9 98.2 96.7 Technical/vocational 1.4 1.9 1.0 2.4 3.3 1.1 1.4 0.8 1.5 Catering ser vice 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.4 Tailoring/garments 0.7 0.7 0.6 1.2 1.2 0.5 0.6 0.4 1.2 Foreign language 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 Inser vice tr aining 1.1 1.7 0.4 2.2 3.5 0.7 1.2 0.3 0.9 Nursing 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 Youth devel opment

training 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.2

Others 0.9 1.3 0.4 1.0 1.6 0.8 1.1 0.4 0.4


20

2.5. Population aged 10 Years and Over by Marital Status Population 10 years and over by marital status have been presented in Table-2.5. It is seen

from the table that, among males 59.66% were married compared to 65.87% for the females. The

proportion of widowed, divorced and separated were 1.05% for males as against 8.52% for females.

There exists urban-rural differentials in marital status. In the urban area, 39.41% males and

24.95% females were never married as against 38.92% and 27.70% for the rural area. In the urban

area, 59.54% males and 66.24% females and in the rural area 60.07% male and 64.70% female

were married. The percentage of divorced, widowed and separated were 1.06% for male and 8.81%

for female in the urban area compared to 1.01% for male 7.59% for female in the rural area.

Table-2.5: Percentage of population 10 years and over by marital status and sex

Marital status

Bangladesh Urban Rural

Both sex

Male Female

Both sex

Male Female

Both sex

Male Female

Number (000) Total 113090 57307 55783 26852 13491 13361 86237 43815 42422 Never married 36800 22517 14284 8952 5251 3701 27848 17266 10582

Married 70938 34191 36747 16750 8105 8645 54188 26086 28102

Widowed/divorced /separated

5351 599 4752 1150 136 1015 4201 463 3738

Percentage Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Never married 32.54 39.29 25.61 33.34 38.92 27.70 32.29 39.41 24.95

Married 62.73 59.66 65.87 62.38 60.07 64.70 62.84 59.54 66.24 Widowed/divorced/separated

4.73 1.05 8.52 4.28 1.01 7.59 4.87 1.06 8.81

2.6. Average Size of Household by Residence Average size of household obtained from LFS 2002-2003,LFS 2005-2006 and LFS 2010

has been presented in Table 2.6. It is observed from the table that, average size of household is decreasing in the context of Bangladesh which reduced to 4.5 in 2010 compared to 4.8% in 2002-2003. The average size of household for urban area was 4.7 in 2002-2003, which reduced to 4.3 in 2010.. In the rural area, the reduction in household size is comparatively low which was 4.9 in 2002-2003 reduced to 4.5 in 2010 . Table-2.6: Average size of household by residence

Residence LFS 2002-2003 LFS 2005-2006 LFS 2010

Bangladesh 4.8 4.7 4.5

Urban 4.7 4.5 4.3

Rural 4.9 4.8 4.5


21

2.7. Tenure of Dwelling Houses by Residence Tenure of dwelling houses by locality has been presented in Table-2.7. It is seen from the

table that, no significant changes occurred in the tenure ship between 2005-06 and 2010. The

proportion of rented household showed some downward trend particularly in the urban area. In

the urban area the percentage of rented household was 42.05 in 2005-2006 which reduced to 39.5%

in 2010 . The percentage of rent free household also increased in the urban area in 2010 compared

to 2005-06. It was 2.7% in 2005-06 and increased to 3.5% in 2010.

Table-2.7: Tenure of dwelling house by residence

(Percent) Tenure ship Bangladesh Urban Rural

2005-06 2010 2005-06 2010 2005-06 2010 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Owned 86.2 86.7 54.9 56.2 96.50 96.2

Rented 11.30 10.3 42.0 39.5 1.20 1.1

Rent free 2.20 2.5 2.7 3.5 2.00 2.1

Subsidized rent 0.20 0.1 0.2 0.40 0.20 0.1

Others 0.10 0.4 0.2 0.30 0.10 0.5

Figure 4: Tenure of dwelling house by residence


22

2.8. Household by Type of Structure and Residence Household by type of structure and locality has been presented in Table-2.8. It is seen from

the table that, of all the housing structure as high as 73.8% were katcha, 17.8% were semi-pucca

and 7.7% were pucca and 0.6% were other types such as jhupri.

There exists wide urban-rural variation in respect of housing structure by types. In the urban

area, the percentage of pucca houses was 23.8% compared to 2.7% in the rural area. The percentage

of semi-pucca house was 31.8% in urban area as against 13.4% for he rural area.

It is interesting to note that, the type of structure varies widely with he tenureship where 31.6%

housing structure were pucca among rented house compared to 4.9% for owned house and 6.2% for

the rent free house. The percentage of semi-pucca house were also high for rented housing

structure. The percentage of such housing structure was 38.5% for rented house compared to

15.4% for the owned house and 19.2% for rent free houses. This trend is also seen for both urban

and rural areas.

Table 2.8: Percentage of households by type of structure and tenure ship (Percent)

Type of structure

Type of tenure ship Total Owned Rent

free Rented Subsidized

rent Others

Bangladesh Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Katcha 73.8 79.1 73.3 29.6 54.6 77.5 Semi-pucca 17.8 15.4 19.2 38.5 25.1 5.4 Pucca 7.7 4.9 6.2 31.6 20.3 4.7 Others 0.6 0.6 1.2 0.2 0 12.5 Urban Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Katcha 43.9 55.4 51.0 27.0 41.1 51.1 Semi-pucca 31.8 26.3 33.2 39.5 29.1 15.7 Pucca 23.8 17.6 14.8 33.3 29.8 19.3 Others 0.5 0.6 1.0 0.2 - 13.9 Rural Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Katcha 83.2 83.4 84.8 59.4 83.4 83.2 Semi-pucca 13.4 13.4 12.0 27.6 16.6 3.2 Pucca 2.7 2.6 1.8 12.3 0 1.4 Others 0.7 0.6 1.4 0.7 0 12.2


23

2.9. Household by Sources of lighting Household by sources of lighting has been presented in Table-2.9. It is seen from the table

that, the use of electricity is increasing over the period. Access to electricity was 35.6% in 2002-

2003 which increased to 48.5% in LFS 2005-2006 and 50.9% in LFS 2010. With the increased use

of electricity as the source of lighting, the use of other sources such as keroshine is decreasing

consequently.

Table-2.9: Households by sources of lighting (Percent)

Sources of lighting LFS 2002-03 LFS 2005-2006 LFS 2010 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 Electricity 35.6 48.4 50.9 Kerosene 64.2 51.4 47.7 Others (including Solar power) 0.2 0.2 1.4

2.10. Household by Sources of Drinking Water Household by sources of drinking water obtained from LFS 2010 have been presented in

Table-2.10. For comparability over the years the findings from LFS 2002-2003 and LFS 2010 have

also been included.

It is observed from the table that, the sources of drinking water from tubewell increased up

to some extent and supply with tap water decreased to some extent. It is praiseworthy that, use of

pond/river water has been decreased in the recent years. It is worth mentioning that, arsenic

contamination of water in tubewell is not addressed in the LFS Surveys.

Table-2.10: Household by sources of drinking water (Percent)

Sources of drinking water LFS 2002-03 LFS 2010 Bangladesh Total 100.00 100.00 Tube well 90.4 89.3 Canal/ riv er/ pond 3.1 1.9 Supply water/tap water 4.2 7.8 Other 2.3 1.0 Urban Total 100.0 100.0 Tube well 81.2 65.7 Canal/ riv er/ pond 2.6 1.0


24

Sources of drinking water LFS 2002-03 LFS 2010 Supply water/tap water 15.5 32.7 Other 0.7 0.6 Rural Total 100.0 100.0 Tube well 93.3 96.4 Canal/ riv er/ pond 3.2 2.2 Supply water/tap water 0.6 0.3 Other 2.9 1.1

2.11. Household by Cooking Fuel Used Household by type of cooking fuel used has been displayed in Table-2.11. It is seen from

the table that, cow dung/Straw/leaves etc. are the main fuel used for cooking by the households. As

many as 59.9% households used such fuel in 2010 followed by wood (25.9%) and natural gas

(12.5%). It is notable that, use of natural gas increased in 2010 compared to 2005-2006. The use of

natural gas was 10.5% in 2005-2006 which increased to 12.5% in 2010.

There exists wide variation in the use of fuel in the urban and rural areas. In the urban area, as high as 49.0% used natural gas compared to only 1.5% in the rural area, Wood was used by 27.3% households in the urban areas compared to 25.5% in the rural area. The use of cow dung/straw/leaves etc. was 19.4% for the urban area as against 72.1% for the rural area. It may be mentioned that, use of cylinder gas has increased 2010 compared to 2005-2006. In 2005-2006 the use of cylinder gas was 2.5% in the urban area which increased to 2.7% in 2010. The use of cylinder gas was reported 0.2% in the rural area during 2005-2006 which increased to 0.7 % in 2010. Use of electricity in the urban areas was 0.8% in 2005-2006 which reduced to 0.4% in 2010, in rural area the use of electricity also reduced substantially. It was 0.5% in 2005-2006 and reduced to 0.1% in 2010. Table-2.11: Households by type of cooking fuel used

(Percent) Bangladesh Urban Rural

Type of cooking fuel used LFS LFS LFS LFS LFS LFS 2005-06 2010 2005-06 2010 2005-06 2010

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wood 32.5 25.9 37.3 27.3 30.9 25.5 Cow dung/straw/leaves 55.3 59.9 18.7 19.4 67.4 72.1 Electricity 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.1 Natural gas (pipe line supply) 10.5 12.5 39.5 49.0 0.9 1.5 Cylinder gas 0.8 1.1 2.5 2.7 0.2 0.7 Kerosene 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.1 - Others 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.1


25

2.12. Household by Toilet Facility Household by toilet facility has been presented Table-2.12. It is observed from the table

that, 22.1% reported to have sanitary letrine, 10.6% mentioned the access to pucca (water sealed)

latrine, 11.0% household use katcha (permanent latrine) while the highest 27.0% household used

katcha (temporary) latrine and 6.5% have no toilet facility. There exists urban-rural valuation in the

use of toilet facility. In the area, the highest 39.3% use sanitaty toilet as against less than half 16.8%

use such facility in the rural area. In the urban area 18.7% households used pucca latrine (water

sealed) as against 8.1% in the rural area. Pucca latrine (not water sealed) was used by 13.1% urban

household compared to 10.4% in the rural area. Katcha latrine (permanent) was used by 14.0%

urban household compared to 22.9% rural household. Katcha (temporary) latrine was used by

12.8% urban household compared to 32.9% rural household. No toilet facility that is open field was

reported by 7.8% rural household compared to 2.1% urban household.

Table-2.12: Households by toilet facility (Percent)

Type of toilet National Urban Rural

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sanitary 22.1 39.3 16.8

Pucca (water sealed) 10.6 18.7 8.1

Pucca (not water sealed) 11.0 13.1 10.4

Katcha (permanent) 20.9 14.0 22.9

Katcha (temporary) 29.0 12.8 32.9

Open field 6.5 2.1 7.8

2.13. Household Access to Assets/Modern Amenities Household access to assets/modern amenities has been presented in Table-2.13. It is

observed from the table that, at the aggregate level 11.0% have radio/tape recorder, 32.2% have

television, 19.1% have motor cycle/bicycle, 57.3% have mobile phone, 8.3% have fridge, 4.4%

have sewing machine, 1.5% have telephone, 0.7% have air conditioner, 38.9% have electric fan,

0.6% have car and 1.6% have computer. There exists wide urban-rural variation with respect to

ownership of selected assets. It is seen from the table that, in the urban area 59.8% households

owned television as against less than one-half 123.5% in the rural area.. Fridge is owned by 25.2%

urban households compared to only 3.1% rural households. Access to land telephone was 5.1% for

urban households compared to very scanty 0.4% for the rural households. The use of mobile phone


26

was also high in urban area compared to rural area. In the urban area 75.3% households use mobile

phone whereas 51.7% rural households use mobile phones. The use of car in the rural area is less

than one-fourth of the urban area, In the urban area 1.6% households use car as against 0.3%

households in the rural area.

Table-2.13: Households having assets/consumer durable

Type of consumer durable

Bangladesh Urban Rural No of H/H

(000) Percent No of H/H

(000) Percent No of H/H

(000) Percent

Radio/tap recorder 3671 11.0 1000 12.6 2671 10.5

Television/Cable connection

10696 32.2 5951 59.8 4745 23.5

Fridge 2773 8.3 1996 25.2 777 3.1 Land phone 497 1.5 403 5.1 94 0.4

Mobile phone 19051 57.3 13081 75.3 5970 51.7

Sewing machine 1457 4.4 757 8.8 700 3.0

Motor cycle/cycle 6339 19.1 892 11.3 5447 21.5 Air-conditioner 234 0.7 146 1.8 88 0.3

Electric fan 12939 38.9 5772 72.8 71671 28.3

Car 204 0.6 128 1.6 761 0.3

Computer 532 1.6 412 5.2 120 0.5 Others 1393 4.2 148 1.9 1245 4.9

Nothing 8953 26.9 928 11.7 8025 31.7

2.14. Household by Land ownership Distribution of households by land ownership in Table-2.14 indicate that, landlessness has

been increasing over the years. In 2002-2003 the percentage of landless was 6.8% which increased

to 7.0% in 2005-2006 and further increased to 9.0% in 2010.. It is notable that, the pattern of land

ownership did not change to larger extent during 2002-2003 to 2010 though percentage of large

land owing group are diminishing over the years. The percentage of household having landless than

0.50 acre was 53.2% in 2002-2003 which increased to 55.7% in 2005-2006 and further increased to

57.9% in 2010. The percentage of household owning land 0.50 to 0.99 acre was 10.8% in 2002-

2003 which slightly decreased to 10.3% in 2005-2006 and 9.9% in 2010. The decrease in the land

owning group 1.00-2.49 acre during the same period is more prominent that the former group. It

was 17.7% in 2002-2003 which reduced to 15.1% in 2010. The percentage of land owing group

2.00 to 7.49 was 9.2% in 2002-2003 which reduced to 8.3% in 2005-2006 and 6.9% in 2010. The

reduction in highest land owning group (7.50+ acres) was also high. It was 2.3% in 2002-2003

which reduced to 1.3% in 2005-2006 and further reduced to 1.2% in 2010.


27

Table-2.14: Households by land ownership

Land size (acre) LFS 2002-2003 LFS 2005-2006 LFS 2010 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 Landless 6.8 7.0 9.0 0.01-0.49 acre 53.2 55.7 57.9 0.50-0.99 acre 10.8 10.3 9.9 1.00-2.49 acre 17.7 17.4 15.1 2.50-7.49 acre 9.2 8.3 6.9 7.50+ acre 2.3 1.3 1.2

Figure 5: Households by land ownership

2.15. Household by Main Activity The main activity of the household has been presented in Table-2.15. It is observed from the

table that, the highest 45.6% households were engaged in agriculture activities followed by service

(14.9%) and business 14.3% and construction/repair work (5.1%).

There exist urban-rural variation in the main activity of the household. In the rural area as

many as 56.0% households were engaged in agricultural activities compared to 11.3% in the urban area. In the urban area 34.4% households were engaged in service activities compared to 8.9% in the rural area. The percentage of household engaged in the business activities was 23.2% in the


28

urban area compared to 11.6% in the rural area. In the urban area 7.5% were engaged in

construction/repair work compared to 4.4% in the rural area.

Table-2.15: Households by main activity (Percent)

Main activity Bangladesh Urban Rural

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture 45.6 11.3 56.0

Manufacturing (Small & Cottage) 1.6 1.8 1.5

Business 14.3 23.2 11.6

Service (Gov t. private) 14.9 34.4 8.9

Construction /repair work 5.1 7.5 4.4

Income recipient (House rent, remittance/pension) 1.1 1.2 1.1

Others 17.4 20.5 16.5

Figure 6: Households by main activity

45.6

1.614.3

14.9

5.11.1

17.4

AgricultureManufacturing (Small & Cottage)BusinessService (Govt. private)Construction /repair workIncome recipient (House rent, remittance/pension) Others


29

2.16. Household by Main Sources of Income. Distribution of household by main source of income has been presented in Table-2.16. It is

observed from the table that, at the national level, for the highest 25.5% household the main source

of income was self employment in the agriculture sector followed by18.9% self employed in

household. The percentage of household where the main income was from regular service

accounted as 14.9%.

There exist urban-rural variation with respect to main source of income of the household. In

the urban area, the highest 35.0% household reported service as their main source of income as

against self employed in agriculture (31.3%) in the rural area. In the urban area, the second either

source of income was self employed in non-agriculture (27.0%) compared to agriculture labour in

the rural area (25.7%).

Table-2.16: Households by main sources of income (Percent)

Source of income Bangladesh Urban Rural

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0

Self employed (agri.) 25.5 6.3 31.3

Self employed (non-agri.) 18.9 27.0 16.4

Service 14.9 35.0 8.8

Day labour (agri.) 21.0 5.4 25.7

Day labour (Non-agri.) 15.5 22.1 13.5

Others 4.2 4.1 4.2

Figure 7: Households by main sources of income

25%

19%

15%

21%

16%4%

Self employed (agri.) Self employed (non-agri.) Service

Day labour (agri.) Day labour (Non-agri. ) Others


30

2.17. Selected Activities of the Household Households were asked about their selected household based activities. In response the highest 49.6% households reported that they have poultry rearing activities followed by animal farming (37.6%). The percentage of households who are engaged in fishery activities was 2.7% and those engaged in milk production was 2.5%. There exists difference in household activities between urban & rural areas. In the rural area, the highest 58.4% reported to engaged in poultry rearing activities followed by animal farming (45.7%) fishery (3.2%) and milk production (2.9%). On the otherhand, in the urban area, 21.4% households mentioned their involved in poultry rearing and 11.9% reported to have animal farming, 1.2% have activities related to milk production and 1.1% in fishery. In the urban area 1.1% are engaged in small and cottage industries as against 0.8% in the rural area. Table -2.17 : Households Selected Activities

Type of Activ ity Percent of Households reported (%)


Animal farming 37.6 11.9 45.7

Poultry farming 49.6 21.4 58.4

Production of milk 2.5 1.2 2.9

Fishery 2.7 1.1 3.2

Horticulture 0.4 0.3 0.5

Small & Cottage Industries 0.8 1.1 0.8

Nothing 38.1 71.6 27.6

2.18. Economic Dependency Ratio Economic dependency radio is a refined measure of dependency on economically active

population to inactive population expressed in percentage. It is more meaningful than demographic dependency ratio. It is observed from the table 2.18 that, economic dependency ratio is declining over the years. The economic dependency ratio for the national level was 68.7% in 2010, in the urban area it was 74.5% and in the rural area it was 67.6%. In 2005-06, the economic dependency ratio was 71.0% at the national level, 79.7% in the urban area and 68.4% in the rural area.

Table-2.18: Economic dependency ratio by residence (Percent)

Residence LFS 2002-2003 LFS 2005-2006 LFS 2010

Bangladesh 74.5 71.0 68.7

Urban 76.1 79.7 74.5

Rural 74.0 68.4 67.0


31

CHAPTER-III

LABOUR FORCE CHARACTERISTICS

This Chapter discusses about labour force characteristics. Labour force is defined by

employed population and the population who are looking for job aged 15 years and over. Those

who are temporary absent from work due to illness or not looking for job believing that no work

will available are also included in labour force. The characteristics that are included are working

age population by broad age group, sex and residence, activity status & population by broad

economic category, distribution of labour force by administrative division, labour force by level &

education, growth of labour force over the years, crude and refined activity rates and labour force

participation rate, etc.

3.1. Working Age Population

Working age population by broad age group has been presented in Tebel-3.1. It is observed

that the working age population of the country stand at 95.6 million of the 148.7 million population

of the country estimated from Labour Force Survey 2010. Among the working age population 23.2

million were in the urban areas and 72.4 million were in the rural area. Of the working age

population, 47.9 million were male and 47.7 million were female. In the urban area 11.6 million

were male and same number of female were observed. On the other hand, in the rural area 36.3

million were male and 36.1 million were female. As regards percentage distribution of working age

population it is seen that, at the national level, for both sexes 41.1% were in the age group 15-29,

52.8% were in the age group 30-64 and 6.1% in the age group 65 years and over. Among male

39.4% were in the age group 15-29, 54.1% were in age group 30-64 and 6.5% in the age group 65

years and over. It is notable that the percentage of population 65 years and over were higher in rural

area compared to urban area. Such percentage in the rural area was 6.6% compared to 4.7% in the

urban area.


32

Table-3.1: Working age population by broad age group (As on May 2010)

Age group Bangladesh Urban Rural

Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

Number (000)

Total population 148736 74150 73586 34047 17106 16941 114690 58044 56646

Working age population(15+) 95584 47847 47737 23165 11572 11593 72419 36275 36144

15-29 39253 18857 20396 10075 4610 5465 29178 14247 14931

30-64 50467 25864 24063 12001 6373 5628 38466 19491 18976

65+ 5864 3126 2738 1089 588 501 4775 2537 2237

Percent

Working age population(15+) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

15-29 41.1 39.4 47.7 40.3 39.3 41.3 43.5 39.8 47.1

30-64 52.8 54.1 51.5 53.1 53.7 52.5 51.8 55.1 48.5

65+ 6.1 6.5 5.7 6.6 7.0 6.2 4.7 5.1 4.3

3.2. Working Age Population by Broad Economic Category

Working age population by broad economic category has been presented in Table-3.2. It is

observed form the table that, of the total 95.6 million population 56.7 million were in the labour

force and the rest 38.9 million were outside the purview of the labour force. Among the total labour

force, 54.1 million were employed and the rest 2.6 million were unemployed.

In the urban area, of the total 23.2 million population of age 15 years and over, 13.3 million

were in the labour force and the rest 9.9 million were outside the labour force. In the rural area out

of 72.4 million population of age 15 years and over, 43.4 million were in the labour force and 29.0

million were outside the purview of the labour force. In the urban area, of the total labour force

12.4 million were employed and 0.9 million were unemployed. In the rural area, of the total labour

force 41.7 million were employed and 1.7 million were unemployed.

It may be mentioned that, those who were outside the purview of labour force, a large

portion of them were engaged in household work followed by the student and others. At the

national level as many as 26.2 million were engaged in household work which constitute 67.4% of

the total population who are outside the purview of the labour force, 6.8 million population of age

15 years and over were student who constitute 18.7% of the population outside labour force and 5.9


33

million were engaged in other non-economic activities such as beggar, disabled, retired etc. They

constitute 12.9% of the nonworking population category.

Table 3.2: Working age population by broad economic category

Economic category

Bangladesh Urban Rural Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

Number (000) Population (age 15+) 95584 47847 47737 23165 11572 11593 72419 36275 36144 Total labour force 56651 39477 17174 13278 9276 4002 43373 30201 13172 Employed 54084 37882 16202 12421 8752 3669 41663 29130 12533 Unemployed 2567 1595 972 858 324 334 1710 1071 639

Not in labour force 38933 8370 30563 9887 2246 9591 29046 6074 22972 Household work 26241 1163 25078 6298 239 6059 19955 923 19032

Student 6770 4570 2200 2333 1318 1015 5315 3256 2059 Others 5922 2637 3285 1256 739 517 3776 1895 1881

Percent Total labour force 59.3 82.5 36.0 57.3 80.2 3405 60.0 83.3 36.4 Employed 95.5 96.0 94.3 93.5 94.4 91.7 96.1 96.5 95.2 Unemployed 4.5 4.0 5.7 6.5 5.6 8.3 3.9 3.5 4.8

Not in labour force 40.7 17.5 64.0 42.7 19.8 65.5 40.0 16.7 63.6 Household work 67.4 13.9 81.7 63.7 10.4 79.5 68.7 15.2 82.5

Student 19.7 54.6 10.3 23.6 57.4 13.6 18.3 53.6 9.2 Others 12.9 31.5 8.0 12.7 32.2 6.9 13.0 31.2 8.3

Figure 8: Working age population by broad economic category


34

3.3. Labour Force by Sex and Residence

Labour force by sex and residence has been presented in Table-3.3. It is seen from the table

that, of the total labour force, 13.3 million were in the urban area and 43.4 million were in the rural

areas. The corresponding percentages were 23.4% and 76.6% respectively. Among males, 9.3

million were in the urban area and 30.2 million were in the rural the corresponding percentage were

23.5% and 76.5%. For the females, 4.0 million were in the urban area and 13.2 million were in the

rural area, The corresponding percentage were 23.3% and 76.7% respectively. It is interesting to

note that, the distribution of employed population by sex and residence almost follow the same

pattern as the labour force. As regards unemployed population, distinct variation is observed.

Among unemployed, 0.9 million were in the urban area and 1.7 million were in the rural area with

percentages of 33.4% and 66.6% respectively. For male unemployed, 0.5 million were in the urban

area and 1.1 million were in the rural area with corresponding percentages of 32.9% and 67.1%

respectively. The volume of female unemployed were 0.3 million in the urban area and 0.7 million

in the rural area with percentages of 34.7% and 65.7% respectively.

Table-3.3: Labour force aged 15 years and over by sex and residence

Residence Labour force Employed Unemployed


(Million)

Bangladesh 56.7 39.5 17.2 54.1 37.9 16.2 2.6 1.6 1.0

Urban 13.3 9.3 4.0 12.4 8.8 3.7 0.9 0.5 0.3

Rural 43.4 30.2 13.2 41.7 29.1 12.5 1.7 1.1 0.7

(Percent)

Bangladesh 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Urban 23.4 23.5 23.3 23.0 23.1 22.6 33.4 32.9 34.3

Rural 76.6 76.5 76.7 77.0 76.9 77.4 66.6 67.1 65.7


35

Figure 9: Labour force aged 15 years and ov er by sex and residence

3.4. Economically Inactive Population by Sex and Residence

Economically inactive population by sex and residence has been provided in Table-3.4. It

may be mentioned that economically inactive population include persons engaged in household

work, students and others. Others include retired persons, income recipients, beggar, disabled etc.

It is observed from the table that, of the total 38.9 million inactive population as high as

26.2 million (67.4%) were engaged in household work followed by student 6.8 million (19.7%) and

others 5.9 million (12.9%). Among the 8.4 million male inactive population 1.4 million (13.9%)

were engaged in household work 4.6 million (54.6%) were student and 2.6 million (31.5%) were

others. Among 30.6 million inactive females, as high as 25.1 million (81.7%) were engaged in

household work, 2.2 million (10.3%) were student and 3.3 million (8.0%) were others.

There exist some urban-rural variation in the composition of inactive population. In the

urban area, 63.7% of the inactive population were engaged in household work, whereas, in the rural

area, such percentage was 68.7%. The percentage of students in the urban area was 23.6% as

against 18.3% for the rural area. Among urban inactive males, 57.4% were student compared to

53.1% for the rural males. The percentage of urban females who were engaged in household work


36

was 79.5% compared to 82.5% for the rural female. The percentage of urban female students was

13.6% compared to 9.2% rural female students.

Table-3.4: Economically inactive persons aged 15 years and over by sex and residence

Inactive persons

Bangladesh Urban Rural Total Male Femal

e Total Male Femal

e Total Male Femal

e Number (Million)

Total 38.9 8.4 30.6 9.9 2.3 9.6 29.0 6.1 23.0 Household work 26.2 1.2 25.1 6.3 0.2 6.1 19.9 0.9 19.0

Student 6.8 4.6 2.2 2.3 1.3 1.0 5.3 3.3 2.1

Others 5.9 2.6 3.3 1.3 0.8 0.5 3.8 1.9 1.9 (Percent)

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Household work 67.4 13.9 81.7 63.7 10.4 79.5 68.7 15.2 82.5

Student 197 54.6 10.3 23.6 57.4 13.6 18.3 53.6 9.2 Others 12.9 31.5 8.0 12.7 32.2 6.9 13.0 31.2 8.3

3.5. Labour Force by Administrative Division

Labour force by administrative divisions has been presented in Table-3.5. It is observed

from the table that the highest 18.1 million (32.0%) labour force exist in Dhaka division followed

by Rajshahi division 15.5 million (27.3%) and chittagong division 9.5 million (16.8%).

The volume of male and female labour force also follow the same pattern. Among the males

12.6 million (31.9%) labour force were found in Dhaka division followed by Rajshahi division 10.6

million (26.8%) and Chittagong division 6.8 million (17.7%). For the females, the highest 5.5

million (32.4%) labour force were in Dhaka division followed by Rajshahi and Chittagong division

the corresponding volume were 4.9 million (28.5%) and 2.7 million (16.0%).

Table-3.5: Labour force aged 15 years and over by Administrative division

Administrative division

Total Male Female Number (million)

Percent Number (million)

Percent Number (million)

Percent

Bangladesh 56.7 100.0 39.5 100.0 17.22 100.0 Chittagong 9.5 16.8 6.8 17.1 2.7 16.0 Dhaka 18.1 32.0 12.6 31.9 5.5 32.4

Khulna 6.9 12.1 4.8 12.1 2.1 12.2

Rajshahi 15.5 27.3 10.6 26.8 4.9 28.5

Barisal 3.3 5.9 2.4 6.1 0.9 5.5 Sylhet 3.3 5.9 2.4 6.0 0.9 5.5

Figure 10: Labour force aged 15 years and over by Administrativ e div ision


37

3.6. Labour Force by Age and Sex

Labour force by age and sex has been presented in Table-3.6. It is observed from the table

that, at the aggregate level the maximum volume of labour force was between age group 20-49

with the highest concentration in the age group 30-34 (7.9 million) followed by age group 25-29

(7.7 million) and 20-24 (7.5 million). There exists some valuation between male and female in the

volume of labour force by age. Among the male, the highest concentration was observed in age

group 30-34 (5.2 million) followed by age group 25-29 (4.9 million) and age group 35-39 (4.6

million). On the other hand, among the female, the highest concentration was in age group 20-24

(2.9 million) followed by age group 25-29 (1.8 million) and the age group 30-34 (2.7 million).

There exists urban-rural variation in the distribution of labour force by age and sex. In the

urban area, the highest concentration of labour force was found in the age group 30-34 (17.0%)

whereas, in the rural area the highest concentration was observed in the age group 25-29 (13.6%).

The concentration of male labour force by residence varies where the highest concentration

for urban male was in the age group 30-34 (16.8%) and for the rural male, the highest concentration

was, however, found in the age group 25-29 (12.5%). It is notable that, the concentration of labour

force for both urban and rural females were observed in the age group 20-24, the corresponding

percentages were 18.6% and 16.9% respectively.


38

Table-3.6: Labour force aged 15 years and over by age group and sex

( 000’) Age group

Total Rural Urban


Number

Total 56651 39477 17174 43373 30201 13172 13278 9276 4003

15-19 5695 3667 2028 4294 2861 1433 1401 806 595

20-24 7476 4503 2973 5633 3406 2227 1842 1096 746

25-29 7730 4935 2795 5918 3767 2151 1812 1168 644

30-34 7942 5207 2735 5682 3647 2035 2260 1560 700

35-39 6793 4553 2240 5358 3572 1786 1435 981 454

40-44 6592 4554 2038 5053 3422 1631 1540 1132 408

45-49 5102 3587 1515 3996 2753 1243 1105 833 272

50-54 3435 3150 285 2485 2284 201 951 867 84

55-59 2285 2053 232 1888 1701 187 397 352 45

60-64 1564 1459 105 1313 1227 86 251 232 19

65+ 2039 1811 228 1755 1562 193 285 250 35

Percent

Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

15-19 10.1 9.3 11.8 9.9 9.5 10.9 10.5 8.7 14.9

20-24 13.2 11.4 17.3 13.0 11.3 16.9 13.9 11.8 18.6

25-29 13.6 12.5 16.3 13.6 12.5 16.3 13.6 12.6 16.1

30-34 14.0 13.2 15.9 13.1 12.1 15.4 17.0 16.8 17.5

35-39 12.0 11.5 13.0 12.4 11.8 13.6 10.8 10.6 11.3

40-44 11.6 11.5 11.9 11.6 11.3 12.4 11.6 12.2 10.2

45-49 9.0 9.1 8.8 9.2 9.1 9.4 8.3 9.0 6.8

50-54 6.1 8.0 1.7 5.7 7.6 1.5 7.2 9.3 2.1

55-59 4.0 5.2 1.4 4.4 5.6 1.4 3.0 3.8 1.1

60-64 2.8 3.7 0.6 3.0 4.1 0.7 1.9 2.5 0.5

65+ 3.6 4.6 1.3 4.0 5.2 1.5 2.1 2.7 0.9

3.7. Labour Force by Level of Education

Labour force by level of education has been presented in Table-3.7. It is observed from the

table that, at the national level as many as 40.1% of the labour force have no education at all. Such

percentage for males and females were 39.9% and 40.6% respectively. There also exists urban-rural

variation in the level of education of the labour force. In the urban area, 27.1% of the labour force

have no education compared to 44.1% in the rural area.


39

It is notable that, among the labour force the percentage of persons having professional

education such as engineering and medicine is very small, only 0.17% of the labour force have such

degrees, the percentage of labour force having medical and engineering degree were 0.59% for

urban area and only 0.04% for the rural area. There also exists sex differential among the

medical/engineering education, at the national level 0.21% males and 0.08% females have such

degree. For the urban area, the percentage of male and female labour force having engineering and

medical degree were 0.70% and 0.33% respectively. The percentage of labour force having such

degree in rural area were 0.06% and 0.01% respectively for males and females.

As regards general education, the percentage of labour force having SSC or equivalent

degree were 6.03% at the national level. The percentage of males and females having such degree

were 6.27% and 5.48% respectively. There exist also urban-rural variation in general education.

The percentage of labour force with SSC or equivalent degree at the urban area were 8.22% for

both sexes, 8.43% for male and 7.75% for female. The corresponding percentage for rural area

were 5.38%, 5.62% and 4.82% respectively. The variation among males and females and between

urban and rural shows that higher rate exist in all education level with higher proportion for the

male against female and also for the urban area compared to rural area. It is notable that percent of

labour force having masters/equivalent educational qualification were 1.36% in the national level

3.38% in urban area and only 0.76% in rural area. The sex differential in higher education is well

pronounced in the rural areas where 0.96% male were holding master or equivalent degree

compared to only one third (0.28%) for female.

Table-3.7: Labour force aged 15 years and over by level of education

( 000’ ) Level of education

Total Rural Urban


Number

Total 56651 39477 17174 43373 30201 13172 13279 9276 4003

No education 22719 15738 6981 19124 13317 5807 3594605 2421 1174

Class i-v 12943 9050 3893 9941 7006 2935 3003 2045 958

Class vi-viii 8074 5442 2632 5896 3915 1981 2178 1527 651

Class ix-x 5090 3278 1812 3813 2430 1383 1276 848 428

SSC/equivalent 3522 2569 953 2391 1755 636 1131 813 318

HSC/equivalent 2096 1575 521 1216 936 280 880 639 241


40

Level of education

Total Rural Urban


Bachelor degree/equivalent

1177 976 201 565 474 91 612 502 110

Master degree/equivalent

819 677 142 345 301 44 474 376 98

Medical/engineering degree

106 87 19 20 17 3 86 70 16

Technical/vocational education

82 70 12 44 36 8 37 33 4

Others 23 16 7 17 14 3 6 2 4

Percent

Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

No education 40.1 39.9 40.6 44.1 44.1 44.1 27.1 26.1 29.3

Class i-v 22.8 22.9 22.7 22.9 23.2 22.3 22.6 22.0 23.9

Class vi-viii 14.3 13.8 15.3 13.6 13.0 15.0 16.4 16.5 16.3

Class ix-x 9.0 8.3 10.5 8.8 8.0 10.5 9.6 9.1 10.7

SSC/equivalent 6.2 6.5 5.6 5.5 5.8 4.8 8.5 8.8 7.9

HSC/equivalent 3.7 4.0 3.0 2.8 3.1 2.1 6.6 6.9 6.0


2.1 2.5 1.2 1.3 1.6 0.7 4.6 5.4 2.8


1.4 1.7 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.3 3.6 4.1 2.4


0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.8 0.4


0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.1

Others 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

3.8. Labour Force by Literacy

Labour force by literacy has been presented in Table-3.8. It is observed from the table that,

overall literacy rate of labour force stands at 60.0%. The literacy rate for males and females were

60.7% and 58.3% respectively.

There exists wide urban and rural variation in literacy rate of the labour force. In the urban

area, the literacy rate for both sexes was 71.6%, whereas, in the rural area such rate was 56.4%. For

the male, the urban literacy rate was 73.1% compared to 56.9% for the rural area, for females such

rate was 68.1% and 55.3% respectively in the urban and rural areas.


41

Table-3.8: Labour force aged 15 years and over by literacy rate

Residence

Total Male Female No. of

literate (000) Literacy rate No. of

literate (000) Literacy rate No. of

literate (000) Literacy rate

Bangladesh 33987 60.0% 23972 60.7% 10015 58.3

Urban 9509 71.6% 6784 73.1% 2724 68.1

Rural 24478 56.4% 17188 56.9% 7291 55.3

Figure 11: Labour force aged 15 years and over by literacy rate

3.9. Labour Force Growth Rate 2005-2006 to 2010

Annual labour force growth rate for the period 2005-2006 to 2010 has been presented in

Table-3.9. It is seen from the table that, labour force growth rate is not higher than population

growth which is encouraging. This is a demographic bonus for the country in the midst of low

fertility in the recent year. The annual labour force growth rate for the period 2005-2006 to 2010

stands at 3.39%. It is notable that growth of female labour force is much higher than male growth

rate. The annual growth rate of female was found 8.69% compared to 1.40% for male. It is

observed from the same table that, rural growth rate is higher than urban growth rate. The urban

labour force growth rate was only 3.10% against 3.48% for the rural area. The urban male growth

rate was 1.5% compared to 1.30% for rural males. On the other hand, urban female growth rate was

8.52% against 8.74% for the rural females.


42

Table-3.9: Annual average labour force growth rate

(000) Period Bangladesh Urban Rural


LFS 2005-2006 49461 37330 12131 11730 8884 2846 37731 28447 9285

LFS 2010 56651 39477 17174 13278 9276 4002 43373 30201 13172

Annual compound growth rate (percent) LFS 2005-2006 to 2010

3.39 1.40 8.69 3.10 1.08 8.52 3.48 1.50 8.74

Figure 12: Annual average labour force growth rate

3.10. Crude and Refined Activity Rate

Crude and refined activity rate of the population have been presented in Table 3.10. It is

seen from the table that, crude and refined activity rate at the national level increased in 2010

compared to 2005-2006. However, it decreased for males and increased at a higher rate for females.

The crude activity rate for both sexes, male and female in 2010 was 38.1%, 52.5% and 23.3%

respectively compared to 36.0%. 53.3% and 18.0% in 2005-2006. There exist urban-rural and sex

variation in crude activity rate. In the urban area, the crude activity rate in 2010 was 39.0% where it

was 36.3% in 2005-2006. On the other hand, in the rural area, the crude activity rate was found

35.9% in 2005-2006 compared to 37.8% in 2010. Though the urban and rural crude activity rate for

male remain almost the same over the years, yet it increased for females in 2010. In the urban and

rural areas, crude activity rate for females was found 23.6% and 23.3% in 2005-2006, whereas, it

was 17.9% and 18.1% respectively in 2005-2006.

0123456789

10


Male Female


43

The refined activity rate at the aggregate level increased for both sexes and female in 2010

compared to 2002-2005-2006. However, it decreased for males. It was 58.5%, 86.8% and 29.2%

for both sexes, male and female in 2005-2006 compared to 59.3%, 82.5% and 36.0% in 2010. It is

notable that refined activity rate in the urban area for both sexes, and female increased in 2010 but

decreased for males. On the other head, refined activity rate for rural areas increased for both sexes

and females decreased for males.

Table-3.10 : Crude and refined activity rate

Residence Crude activity rate Refined activity rate LFS 2005-2006 LFS 2010 LFS 2005-2006 LFS 2010

Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

Bangladesh 36.0 53.3 18.0 38.1 52.5 23.3 58.5 86.8 29.2 59.3 82.5 36.0

Urban 36.3 54.2 17.9 39.0 54.2 23.6 55.7 83.2 27.4 57.3 80.2 34.5

Rural 35.9 53.0 18.1 37.8 52.0 23.3 59.4 88.0 29.8 60.0 83.3 36.4

3.11. Labour Force Participation Rate

Labour force participation rate by age sex and residence has been presented in Table-3.11. It

is revealed from the table that, participation rate increased with the increase of age, however, it

further reduced with the higher age group, such as age group 50-54, 55-59, 60-64 and 65+. It is

observed from the table that at the aggregate level the highest participation rate was observed for

the age group 45-49 (74.28%) followed by age group 40-44 (74.82%) and 35-39 (72.81). In case of

male, the highest participation rate was observed for the age group 35-39 (98.35%) followed by age

group 40-44 (98.05%) and age group 45-49 (97.37%). On the other hand, in case of female, the

highest participation rate was found for the age group 35-39 (47.67%) followed by the age group

45-49 (47.58%) and age group 34-35 (46.62%).

Table-3.11: Labour force participation rate by age group and sex

Age group

Population aged 15+ (000) Labour force (000) Participation rate (%) Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

Total 95584 47847 47737 56651 39477 17174 59.27 82.51 35.98

15-19 14463 7575 6888 5694 3669 2025 39.37 48.44 29.40

20-24 13186 5929 7257 7476 4502 2974 56.70 75.93 40.98

25-29 11604 5353 6251 7730 4935 2795 66.61 92.19 44.71


44

Age group

Population aged 15+ (000) Labour force (000) Participation rate (%)

Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female 30-34 11218 5352 5866 7942 5207 2735 70.80 97.29 46.62

35-39 9328 4629 4699 6792 4552 2240 72.81 98.34 47.67

40-44 9052 4645 4407 6592 4554 2038 72.82 98.05 46.24

45-49 6869 3683 3186 5102 3586 1516 74.28 97.37 47.58

50-54 6126 3347 2779 3435 3150 285 56.07 94.11 10.25

55-59 4402 2318 2084 2285 2052 233 51.91 88.52 11.18

60-64 3473 1890 1583 1564 1459 105 45.03 77.20 6.63

65+ 5864 3126 2738 2039 1811 228 34.77 57.93 8.32

Figure 13: Labour force participation rate by age group and sex


45

CHAPTER-IV

CHARACTERISTICS OF EMPLOYED POPULATION

This chapter discusses about the characteristics of the employed population. The

characteristics that have been included are broad sector of employment, employed population by

major occupation, level of education, occupation by sector of employment, employment by industry

and level of education, status in employment etc. The growth of employment by sector and

occupation, hours worked per week, monthly income and wage rate have also been presented in this

chapter. It may be mentioned, in 2010 LFS there was a provision for including more than one

occupation. Therefore, the occupational distribution, sector of employment and status in

employment would be higher than employed persons.

4.1. Employment by Broad Economic Sectors Employment by broad sector has been presented in Table-4.1. It is observed from the table

that, of the total employed person as high as 47.56% was engaged in agriculture sector followed by

service (35.35%) and industry sector (17.52%). In the industry sector 12.44% was in the

manufacturing sector and the rest in other industries. For the males, the highest 41.11% was

engaged in the service sector followed by agriculture (40.18%) and industry (19.60%). For the

females, the highest 68.84% was engaged in agriculture sector followed by service sector (21.89%)

and industry sector (13.32%).

Table-4.1: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by broad economic sector

Broad economic sector Total Male Female Number

(000) Percent of

total Number

(000) Percent of

total Number

(000) Percent of

total Total 54084 100.0 37882 100.0 16202 100.0

Agriculture 25727 47.56 15221 40.18 10506 64.84

Non-agriculture: 28705 53.07 23000 60.71 5705 35.21

– Manufacturing 6731 12.44 4824 12.73 1907 11.77

– Other industry 2855 5.28 2604 6.87 251 1.55

– Services 19119 35.35 15572 41.11 3546 21.89

Note: Component may not add to total as some employ ed are working in more than one sector.


46

Figure 14: Employed persons by broad economic sector of employment

4.2. Employed Persons by Major Occupation Employed persons 15 years and above by major occupation has been presented in Table-4.2.

It is observed from the table that, at the national level, for the total population, the occupation of

47.4% were agriculture forestry and fisheries followed by production and transport labour (22.8%)

and sales worker (15.1%).

For the males, similar pattern was observed where 40.1% were engaged in agriculture,

forestry fisheries occupation followed by production and transport labourer (26.7%) and sales

worker (18.1%). Among the females, the highest 64.8% were engaged in agriculture, forestry,

fisheries occupation followed by production & transport labourers (14.0%) and service worker

(8.1%). At the national level, the percentage of individuals having professional and technical

occupation were 4.4%, 4.9% and 3.2% respectively for both sexes, males and females.

There exists urban-rural variation with respect to occupation. In he urban area, for both

sexes, the highest 36.2% were engaged in production and transport labour occupation followed by

agriculture, forestry and fisheries worker (24.0%) and sales worker (17.2%). On the other hand, in

the rural area, the highest 54.5% were engaged in agriculture fishery and forestry occupation

followed by production and transport labour occupation (19.0%) and sales worker (14.4%). There

exist variation in other occupation also, such as professional, technical, administrative and

managerial. In the urban area the percentage of individuals having technical and professional

occupation and administrative and managerial were 7.4% and 2.3% respectively as against 3.4%

and 0.9% in the rural area. There exists also male and female variation between urban and rural

areas. The percentage of male population in the urban area with professional and technical

47%

18%

35%

Agriculture Industry Services


47

occupation was 8.1% against 4.1% for the rural area. Such percentage for female in the urban area

was 5.8% against 2.4% for the females in the rural area.

Table-4.2: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major occupation

Major occupation

Bangladesh Urban Rural Total Male Femal

e Total Male Femal

e Total Male Femal

e Number (000)

Total 54084 37882 16202 10421 8752 3669 41663 29130 12533 Professional, technical 2406 1892 515 921 709 212 1486 1183 303

Administrative, managerial 689 593 96 312 286 26 377 307 70

Clerical worker 1001 906 104 427 378 49 582 528 54 Services worker 3001 1688 1313 759 374 385 2242 1315 927

Sales worker 8158 6869 1290 2139 1978 161 6020 4891 1129

Agri, forestry, fisheries 25698 15192 10506 2976 1183 1793 22722 14009 8713

Production, transport labourer

12388 10116 2272 4491 3518 972 7897 6598 1299

Others 1082 965 117 457 385 72 625 581 44

Percent Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Professional, technical 4.4 4.9 3.2 7.4 8.1 5.8 3.4 4.1 2.4 Administrative, managerial 1.3 1.6 0.6 2.5 3.3 0.7 0.9 1.1 0.6

Clerical worker 1.9 2.4 0.6 3.4 4.3 1.3 1.4 1.8 0.4

Services worker 5.5 4.5 8.1 6.1 4.3 10.5 5.4 4.5 7.4

Sales worker 15.0 18.1 8.0 17.2 22.6 4.4 14.4 16.8 9.0 Agri, forestry, fisheries 47.4 40.1 64.8 24.0 13.5 48.9 54.5 48.1 69.5


22.8 26.7 14.0 36.2 40.2 26.5 19.0 22.7 10.4

Others 2.0 2.5 0.7 3.7 4.4 2.0 1.5 2.0 0.4

N.B.: Component may be higher than total as one employed person may be employed in more than one occupation. This is also true for employment by industry and status in employment.

Figure 15: Employed persons by major occupation


48

4.3. Labour Force Growth Rate by Occupation The growth of labour force by different occupation has been presented in Table-4.3. It is

observed form the table that irregular growth was observed in different occupation, some

occupation grew rapidly and some occupation reduced over the period. It is seen form the table that

at the aggregate level the highest positive growth was found in case of administrative and

managerial occupation. The rate of growth in this occupation was 28.20%. Negative growth rate

was observed in case of clerical workers. Negative growth rate was found in case of total and

female employed population in clerical occupation however, positive growth rate was found in case

of male clerical worker. It is seen form the table that, higher rate of growth took place in case of

sales worker and production, transport labourer and other occupation. The rate of growth in these

two groups were 4.89% and 3.97% respectively. High growth rates were observed for female sales

workers (42.57%), sales worker (10.43%) and agriculture, forestry and fisheries (7.75%).

Table-4.3 : Growth rate of major occupation between 2002-03 to 2005-06 (000)

Major occupation

LFS 2005-06 LFS 2010 Growth rate Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

Total 47357 36080 11277 54084 37882 16202 3.32 1.22 9.06Professional, Technical 2231 1737 494 2406 1892 515 1.88 2.14 1.05

Administrative, Managerial 223 201 22 689 593 96 28.20 27.04 36.83Clerical worker 1015 872 144 1001 906 104 - 0.34 0.95 - 8.13

Services worker 2757 1892 865 3001 1688 1313 2.12 - 2.85 10.43

Sales worker 6710 6476 235 8158 6869 1290 4.89 1.47 42.57

Agri, Forestry, Fisheries 22926 15221 7705 25698 15192 10506 2.85 - 0.05 7.75Production, Transport labourer & others

11493 9681 1812 13470 11081 2389 3.97 3.38 6.91

4.4. Employed Persons by Major Occupation and Level of Education Employed persons 15 years and above by level of education and occupation have been

presented in Table-4.4. It is observed from the table that among the total employed population 15

years and over more than two fifth (41.08%) had no education at all, 23.18% had only I-V

educational level, 14.22% had educational level VI-VIII. Surprisingly only 1.38% of the employed

population had educational level masters or equivalent and 2.19% had educational level degree or

equivalent. A small proportion of employed population had engineering and medical degree. Such

percentage was only 0.17% only 0.15% have technical and vocational degree.


49

There exists variation among different occupational groups with respect to education.

Among the employed population of agriculture, forestry and fisheries as high as 59.12% had no

education and 23.27% had education level class I-V. The percentage of employed population with

higher education was very small in this occupational group. Only 0.30% was masters or equivalent

degree holder in this occupation. On the other hand, among the professional and technical

education group more than one fifth (20.24%) was degree or equivalent degree holder. The

percentage of employed population in this occupation with masters or equivalent degree was

14.59% and that with HSC or equivalent educational level was 17.50%.

It is seen from the table that lower educational attainment were observed in he occupational

groups such as production and transport worker, service worker and sales workers. The percentage

of employed population with this occupational group having no education were 40.96%, 49.42%

and 35.28%.respectively. On the other hand, higher educational levels were observed for clerical

worker and administrative and service workers.

Table 4.4: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major occupation and level of education

Major occupation

Level of Education Total No Class Class Class Ssc/ Hsc/ Degree/ Master/ Engi/ Techincal Others

Educa. I-v Vi-v iii Ix-x Equiv Equiv Equiv Equiv Medica Voc

Number (000) Total 54084 22216 12538 7695 4750 3280 1825 1185 746 91 82 24

Professional, Technical

2406 189 150 224 148 345 421 487 351 56 32 3

Administrative, Managerial

689 168 109 95 54 67 44 63 80 7 1 -

Clerical worker 1001 121 114 152 96 145 152 138 80 5 6 -

Services worker 3001 1483 679 389 204 134 65 30 11 3 2 2

Sales worker 8158 2878 1874 1206 812 691 359 212 99 8 15 4

Agri, Forestry, Fisheries

25698 11954 5980 3341 2318 1286 544 167 78 7 15 8

Production, Transport labourer

12388 5075 3424 2021 976 549 209 77 43 5 11 7

Others 1082 347 207 276 141 64 32 11 4 - 1 -

Percent Total 100.0 41.08 23.18 14.22 8.78 6.06 3.38 2.19 1.38 0.17 0.15 0.04

Professional, technical 100.0 7.86 6.23 9.31 6.15 14.34 17.50 20.24 14.59 2.33 1.33 0.12

Administrative, managerial

100.0 24.38 15.82 13.78 7.83 9.72 6.38 9.14 11.61 1.02 0.15 -

Clerical worker 100.0 12.08 11.39 15.18 9.59 14.49 18.18 13.79 7.99 0.50 0.60 -

Services worker 100.0 49.42 22.63 12.96 6.80 4.47 2.17 1.00 0.37 0.10 0.06 0.06

Sales worker 100.0 35.28 22.97 14.78 9.95 8.47 4.40 2.60 1.21 0.10 0.18 0.05


50

Major occupation

Level of Education Total No Class Class Class Ssc/ Hsc/ Degree/ Master/ Engi/ Techincal Others

Educa. I-v Vi-v iii Ix-x Equiv Equiv Equiv Equiv Medica Voc

Agri, forestry, fisheries

100.0 59.12 23.27 13.00 9.02 5.00 2.12 0.15 0.30 0.03 0.06 0.02


100.0 40.96 27.64 16.24 7.88 4.43 1.69 0.62 0.35 0.04 0.09 0.06

Others 100.0 32.07 19.13 25.51 13.03 5.91 2.96 1.01 0.37 - 0.09 -

4.5. Employed Persons by Formal and Informal Sector Employed population 15 years and over by formal and informal sector has been presented in

Table-4.5. It may me mentioned that the definition of formal and informal was not uniform in

different Labour Force Surveys . It is seen from the table that, of the total employed population

only 12.5% were in the formal sector and 87.5% was in the informal sector. Among the males

14.5% was in the formal sector and 85.5% was in the informal sector. For the females 7.7% was in

the formal sector and 92.3% was in the informal sector.

There exists urban-rural variation in employment by formal and informal sector. In the

urban area, 25.1% was in the formal sector compared to 7.7% in the rural area. On the other hand,

in the urban area 74.9% was in the informal sector compared to 91.3% in the rural area. There were

also variation by sex in employment by formal and informal sector in the urban and rural areas. In

the urban area, 27.6% male and 19.0% female was in the formal sector against 10.6% male and

4.4% female in the rural areas. On the other hand, 66.35% male and 68.92% female in the urban

areas and 79.24% male and 90.85% female in rural areas were in the informal sector.

Table-4.5: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by formal and informal sector

Sector Total Urban Rural Total male f emale Total male f emale Total male f emale

Number (000) Total 54084 37883 16202 12421 8752 3669 41664 29131 12533

Informal 47350 32391 14959 9310 6337 2973 38040 26054 11986 Formal 6787 5542 1244 3128 2432 696 3659 3111 549

Percent Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Informal 87.5 85.5 92.3 75.0 72.4 81.0 91.3 89.4 95.6

Formal 12.5 14.6 7.7 25.2 27.8 19.0 8.8 10.7 4.4

Figure 16: Employed persons by sector of employment


51

4.6. Occupation by Sector of Employment Occupation status of employed population by sector of employment has been presented in table 4.6. Among all employed population the highest 64.0% were engaged in sole proprietorship organization followed by households (21.6%) and private enterprise (6.0%). Among the professional and technical groups the highest 23.4% were engaged in govt. sector followed by sole proprietorship (19.3%) and NGOs sector (14.0). Among the administrative and managerial groups highest 48.5% were engaged in sole proprietorship followed by household (17.9%) and private enterprise (9.0%). Among clerical workers the highest 30.9% were engaged in sole proprietorship followed by government sector (25.1%) and private enterprise (12.6%). In all the occupation, except professional and technical, the highest proportion were engaged in sole proprietorship organizations. Such percentages for service workers were 60.7%, sales workers 68.4%, agriculture, forestry and fishery 73.0%. Households were also plays important role in employment where 27.5% of service workers, 23.2% of sales workers, 22.9% of agriculture, forestry and fishery workers and 21.0% of production and transport labourer were engaged in household sector. Table-4.6: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major occupation and sector of employment

Major occupation ownership of establishment

Total Government Autonomous Local Government

NGO Private enterprise

Sole proprietorship

Household Others

Number (000)

Total 54084 1377 887 368 688 3284 34826 11770 1230

Professional technical

2407 564 399 60 337 330 464 189 63

Administrative managerial

689 79 37 6 32 62 334 123 15

Clarical worker 1009 253 108 25 81 127 312 87 15 Service worker 3001 136 15 39 28 65 1823 824 71

Sales worker 8159 46 21 35 42 368 5579 1894 174

Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

25698 29 20 54 23 587 18798 5881 306

Production and transport labourer

12388 131 190 115 103 1609 7084 2607 548

Others 1082 139 98 34 42 135 432 166 37

87.5

12.5

Informal Formal


52

Major occupation ownership of establishment

Total Government Autonomous Local Government

NGO Private enterprise

Sole proprietorship

Household Others

Percent

Total 100.0 2.5 1.6 0.7 1.3 6.0 64.0 21.6 2.3


100.0 23.4 16.6 2.5 14.0 13.7 19.3 7.9 2.6


100.0 11.5 5.4 0.9 4.6 9.0 48.5 17.9 2.2

Clarical worker 100.0 25.1 10.7 2.5 8.0 12.6 30.9 8.6 1.5 Service worker 100.0 4.5 0.5 1.3 0.9 2.2 60.7 27.5 2.4

Sales worker 100.0 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.5 4.5 68.4 23.2 2.1

Agricu lture, forestry and fisheries

100.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 2.3 73.1 22.9 1.2


100.0 1.1 1.5 0.9 0.8 13.0 57.2 21.0 4.4

Others 100.0 12.8 9.1 3.1 3.9 12.5 39.9 15.3 3.4

4.7. Employment by Industry Employment by major industries by sex and residence has been presented in Table-4.7. The

distribution of industry has been made in light of BSIC revision-4 which has 22 category. It is

observed from the table that, at the national level, the highest 47.3% of employment was absorbed

by the agriculture, forestry and fishery industry followed by wholesale and retail trade (13.9%) and

manufacturing (12.4%). The other notable industries were transport and storage (7.3%), service

activities (4.3%) education (2.4%).

There exists urban-rural variation in employment by industry. In the urban areas, the highest

employment rate was observed in the agriculture sector (23.9%) followed by manufacturing sector

(20.4%) and wholesale and retail trade (16.6%). The other important industries that employed

notable proportion of manpower in the urban areas were transport. Storage (9.4%), construction

(6.6%), other service activities (5.5%) and education (3.4%). On the other hand, in the rural areas,

the highest employment was noticed in agriculture, forestry and fishery sector (54.2%) wholesale

and retail trade (13.1%) and manufacturing (10.0%). The other important industries in the rural area

that absorbed sizeable employed persons were transport, storage (6.7), construction (4.3%) and

other service activities (4.0%).

There exist sex variation in employment by industries. In the national level, 64.8% females

were engaged in agricultural industries compared to 39.8% males. In the wholesale and retail trade


53

industry 17.1% males were employed as against 6.3% for the females. In the urban area, 13.5%

male were employed in agriculture, forestry and fishery compared to 48.9% females. In the same

area 23.1% females were engaged in manufacturing as against 19.2% male and 21.8% male were

engaged in wholesale and retail trade as against 4.1% females. In the rural areas, 47.7% males were

employed in agriculture, forestry and fishery compared to 69.6% females. Employment in rural

areas for wholesale and retail trade was 15.7% for male as against 7.0% for females.

Table-4.7: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major industry

Major Industry


Total male female Total male female Total male female

Number (000)

Total 54084 37882 16202 12421 8752 3669 41663 29130 12533

agriculture, forestry and fishing

25727 15221 10506 2982 1188 1794 22745 14032 8712

mining and quarrying 109 93 17 24 22 1 86 70 15

manufacturing 6737 4830 1907 2544 1696 848 4193 3134 1060

electricit y, gas, st eam and air conditioning supply

96 91 5 49 45 4 47 46 1

water supply; sewerage, waste manag ement and remediation act

27 23 4 12 10 2 15 13 1

construction 2617 2391 227 818 766 52 1800 1625 175

wholesale and ret ail trad e; repair of motor vehicles and mot

7557 6530 1027 2074 1923 151 5482 4607 876

transportation and storag e 3983 3738 245 1179 1140 39 2804 2598 206

accommod ation and food service activities

832 776 56 254 239 15 578 537 41

information and communication

55 52 3 21 21 1 34 32 2

financial and in surance activities

364 313 52 229 194 35 135 118 17

real estat e activities 35 33 2 25 25 0 10 8 2

professional, scientific and technical activities

115 93 22 62 57 5 53 37 17

administrative and support service activities

487 443 44 285 261 24 202 182 20

public admin istration and defence; compulsory social securit

539 503 36 257 233 24 282 270 12

education 1287 961 326 420 276 144 867 685 182

human health and social work activities

430 265 165 147 102 45 283 163 121

arts, entertainment and recreation

67 60 7 14 12 2 53 48 5

other service activities 2358 1641 718 686 510 175 1673 1130 542

activities of households as emplo yers; undifferentiated good

1006 161 845 396 87 309 610 74 536

activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies

4 4 0 3 3 0 1 1 0


54

Major Industry


Total male female Total male female Total male female

Percent Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00


47.57 40.18 64.84 24.01 13.57 48.90 54.59 48.17 69.51

mining and quarrying 0.20 0.25 0.10 0.19 0.25 0.03 0.21 0.24 0.12

manufacturing 12.46 12.75 11.77 20.48 19.38 23.11 10.06 10.76 8.46

electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply

0.18 0.24 0.03 0.39 0.51 0.11 0.11 0.16 0.01

water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation act

0.05 0.06 0.02 0.10 0.11 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.01

construction 4.84 6.31 1.40 6.59 8.75 1.42 4.32 5.58 1.40

wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and mot

13.97 17.24 6.34 16.70 21.97 4.12 13.16 15.82 6.99

transportation and storage

7.36 9.87 1.51 9.49 13.03 1.06 6.73 8.92 1.64

accommodation and food service activities

1.54 2.05 0.35 2.04 2.73 0.41 1.39 1.84 0.33


0.10 0.14 0.02 0.17 0.24 0.03 0.08 0.11 0.02

financial and insurance activities

0.67 0.83 0.32 1.84 2.22 0.95 0.32 0.41 0.14

real estate activities 0.06 0.09 0.01 0.20 0.29 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.02


0.21 0.25 0.14 0.50 0.65 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.14


0.90 1.17 0.27 2.29 2.98 0.65 0.48 0.62 0.16

public administration and defence; compulsory social securit

1.00 1.33 0.22 2.07 2.66 0.65 0.68 0.93 0.10

education 2.38 2.54 2.01 3.38 3.15 3.92 2.08 2.35 1.45


0.80 0.70 1.02 1.18 1.17 1.23 0.68 0.56 0.97


0.12 0.16 0.04 0.11 0.14 0.05 0.13 0.16 0.04

other service activities 4.36 4.33 4.43 5.52 5.83 4.77 4.02 3.88 4.32

activities of households as employers; undifferentiated good

1.86 0.43 5.22 3.19 0.99 8.42 1.46 0.25 4.28


0.01 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00


55

4.8. Growth Rate of Employed Persons by Industry Growth of employed persons by industry has been presented in Table-4.8. It is observed

from the table that growth occurred in most of the industries, whereas negative growth is also seen

in case of some industries. The positive growth rate was found in case of agriculture, forestry &

fishery, mining and quarry, manufacturing, electricity, water & gas, construction, wholesale and

retail trade, hotel and restaurant, transport, storage and communication, real-estate, renting and

business activities etc. Negative growth rate was revealed in financial intermediation service and

education.

The highest positive growth was held in real estate, renting and business activities (24.47%)

followed by mining and quarrying (18.98%) and construction (13.52%). On the other hand, highest

negative growth was found in financial intermediation (8.28%) followed by education (0.37%).

Table-4.8: Average annual growth rate of industry between 2005-2006 to 2010 (000)

Industry

2005-06 2010 Average growth rate Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

Total 47357 36080 11277 54084 37882 16202 3.32 1.22 9.06 Agricu lture, hunting and forestry 21672 14168 7504 25727 15221 10506 4.29 1.79 8.41

Mining and quarrying 51 44 7 109 92 17 18.98 18.44 22.18

Manufacture 5224 3926 1298 6731 4824 1907 6.34 5.15 9.62

Electricit y, gas and water supply 76 73 3 123 114 9 12.04 11.14 27.46

Construction 1524 1421 104 2617 2391 227 13.52 13.01 19.51

Wholesale & retail trad e; repair of Motor vehicles, motor

7108 6705 403 7557 6530 1027 1.53 -0.66 23.39

Hotels and restaurants 712 661 51 832 776 56 3.89 4.01 2.34

Transport, storag e and communication s

3976 3910 66 4037 3790 247 3.81 -0.78 32.99

Financial intermediation 507 392 115 364 313 51 -8.28 -5.63 -20.32

Real estate, renting and bu siness activities

239 227 11 636 569 67 24.47 22.97 45.17

Public administration and defen ce; 882 778 104 539 503 36 -12.31 -10.90 -26.52

Education 1306 964 343 1287 961 326 -0.37 -0.08 -1.27

Health and social work 362 241 122 497 325 172 7.92 7.48 8.58

Other communit y, social and Person al service activities

2622 1654 968 3374 1812 1562 6.30 2.28 11.96

N.B: Components may not add to total employed as one employed person may be engaged in more than one industr y.


56

4.9. Employed Persons by Major Industry and Level of Education Employed persons by major industry and level of education has been presented in Table-

4.9. It is seen from the table that, among the employed persons in different industries, the highest

53.29% in transportation & storage had no education followed by activities of households as

employers; undifferentiated goods (51.8%) and mining and quarrying (50.2%). Higher educational

attainment was seen in industries like electricity, gas and water supply, financial and insurance

activities, real estate activities, public administration and defense, education, human health and

social work activities etc.. The highest 24.4% employed persons in education had degree and

equivalent level education followed by financial insurance activities (21.16%) and administrative

and support service activities (17.4%). It is also depicts from the same table that, the highest 19.4%

employed persons in education were masters or equivalent degree holder followed by financial and

insurance activities (16.8%) and professional, scientific and technical activities (15.8%) who had

the same degree. Employed persons having medical and engineering degree were found in water

supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities, real estate, professional scientific

and technical activities, human and social work activities etc. The percentage of technical and

vocational degree holders were found 5.3% in information and communication service and 1.9% in

human health and social work activities.


57

Table-4.9: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major industry and level of education

(Percent) Industry Level of education

Total No education

Class i-v

Class vi-viii

Class ix-x

SSC/ equivalent

HSC/ equivalent

Bachelor

degree/

equivalent

Master

degree/

equivalent

Medical/

engineerin

g degre

e

Technical/ vocational education

Others

Total 100.0 40.8 23.0 14.1 8.7 6.0 3.4 2.2 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.0


100.0 46.5 23.3 13.0 9.0 5.0 2.1 0.7 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0

mining and quarrying 100.0 50.2 18.2 14.4 11.0 2.7 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0

manufacturing 100.0 35.4 26.0 17.1 9.0 6.5 3.1 1.7 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.1

electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply

100.0 8.2 11.6 32.4 13.2 12.1 10.3 4.2 5.1 2.9 0.0 0.0


100.0 38.2 15.0 27.1 2.4 3.4 0.0 9.1 0.0 4.9 0.0 0.0

construction 100.0 46.3 28.7 13.4 5.7 2.7 1.6 0.8 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0

wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and mot

100.0 36.1 22.9 15.0 9.9 8.3 4.1 2.4 1.0 0.1 0.2 0.0


100.0 53.9 24.3 10.9 5.0 3.2 1.6 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0

accommodation and food service activities

100.0 35.9 31.2 13.6 10.1 5.3 1.9 1.1 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.1


100.0 10.2 10.1 38.5 5.6 10.6 7.7 6.9 3.6 1.7 5.3 0.0

financial and insurance activities

100.0 4.0 7.2 13.7 9.2 9.9 16.7 21.6 16.8 0.9 0.0 0.0

real estate activities 100.0 26.4 20.5 11.2 14.0 14.1 3.0 2.8 4.0 4.0 0.0 0.0


100.0 13.4 11.4 9.7 8.5 17.4 8.3 11.1 15.8 4.1 0.3 0.0


100.0 6.2 5.1 16.7 11.3 15.3 15.9 17.4 10.1 1.8 0.2 0.0

public administration and defence; compulsory social securit

100.0 5.4 3.6 27.0 11.7 21.6 15.1 10.4 4.2 0.6 0.6 0.0

education 100.0 6.0 2.6 10.0 5.1 12.6 17.8 24.4 19.4 1.1 0.8 0.2


100.0 17.5 11.0 13.7 10.4 13.3 13.7 8.2 6.3 3.9 1.9 0.0


100.0 38.4 25.9 19.3 3.4 4.5 4.6 1.2 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

other service activities 100.0 26.2 26.8 19.7 11.7 6.5 3.3 2.8 2.2 0.3 0.4 0.1

activities of households as employers; undifferentiated good

100.0 51.8 22.7 13.0 5.0 3.6 2.0 0.9 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.0


100.0 0.0 22.8 22.8 22.8 22.8 0.0 8.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

recycling 100.0 27.2 29.3 27.5 16.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


58

4.10. Employment by Major Industry and Sector of Employment Employment by major industry and sector of employment has been presented in table 4.10. It is observed from the table that government sector employ the highest 66.4% of the employees engaged in public administration and defense and compulsory social security. Government sector also employ 34.0% of employees in administrative and support services, 30.9% of education and 26.9% of water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities. Autonomous bodies employ the highest 28.1% of electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply followed by 26.7% of education and 26.1% of financial and insurance activities. Private enterprise provide the highest employment in real estate activities (33.3%) financial and insurance activities (26.2%) and manufacturing (21.2%). Sole proprietorship dominate in employing persons in different sector of employment with the highest for agriculture, forestry & fishing (73.1%). Household employ the highest 39.9% of employment in mining and quarrying followed by human health and social work activities (31.8%) and activities of households as employer; undifferentiated goods (30.2%).

Table-4.10: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major industry and sector of employment.

Industry ownership of establishment

Total Government

Autonomous

Local governm

ent

NGO Private enterpris

e

Sole proprieto

rship

House-hold

Others

Number (000) Total 54084 1377 887 368 688 3284 34826 11770 1230


25727 34 23 56 23 591 18810 5884 306


manufacturing 6737 61 159 86 71 1421 3445 1397 97


96 13 27 0 3 12 26 6 9


27 7 1 1 2 1 8 5 2

construction 2617 17 10 13 17 170 1614 604 172 wholesale and ret ail trade; repair of motor vehicles and mot

7557 47 21 35 42 322 5271 1635 184


3983 41 18 19 21 189 2514 926 256


832 18 3 5 7 30 573 170 26


55 8 11 0 3 11 16 6 0


364 41 95 5 71 95 47 2 8



115 14 3 2 2 15 47 25 7


487 165 68 18 32 68 103 25 8


539 358 52 37 24 34 28 5 1

education 1287 398 344 41 164 131 111 75 23 human health and social work activities

430 80 13 5 13 59 115 137 8


59

Industry ownership of establishment

Total Government

Autonomous

Local governm

ent

NGO Private enterpris

e

Sole proprieto

rship

House-hold

Others


67 2 2 0 1 4 39 17 2

other service activities 2358 69 32 21 181 109 1358 500 88 activities of households as emplo yers; undifferentiated good

1006 2 4 24 6 9 642 304 15

activities of extraterr itorial organizations and bodies

4 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 0

Percent Total 100.0 2.50 1.60 0.70 1.30 6.00 64.00 21.60 2.30


100.0 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 2.30 73.10 22.90 1.20


manufacturing 100.0 0.90 2.40 1.30 1.10 21.10 51.10 20.80 1.40 electricit y, gas, st eam and air conditioning supply

100.0 13.70 28.10 0.00 3.50 12.80 26.90 6.00 9.00


100.0 26.90 3.00 5.50 8.50 3.00 30.10 16.90 6.20

construction 100.0 0.70 0.40 0.50 0.70 6.50 61.60 23.10 6.60 wholesale and ret ail trade; repair of motor vehicles and mot

100.0 0.60 0.30 0.50 0.60 4.30 69.80 21.60 2.40


100.0 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 4.80 63.10 23.20 6.40


100.0 2.10 0.40 0.60 0.90 3.60 68.90 20.40 3.10


100.0 15.00 20.80 0.00 5.10 20.00 28.40 10.60 0.00


100.0 11.20 26.10 1.40 19.40 26.20 13.00 0.60 2.10

real estat e activities 100.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 33.30 41.00 11.20 14.50


100.0 11.90 2.40 1.80 2.10 13.00 41.00 21.70 6.10


100.0 34.00 13.90 3.60 6.60 13.90 21.20 5.20 1.60


100.0 66.40 9.60 6.80 4.50 6.30 5.20 1.00 0.10

education 100.0 30.90 26.70 3.20 12.70 10.20 8.60 5.80 1.80 human health and social work activities

100.0 18.70 3.10 1.20 3.00 13.80 26.70 31.80 1.80


100.0 3.50 2.90 0.00 2.20 5.30 57.60 25.40 3.10

other service activities 100.0 2.90 1.40 0.90 7.70 4.60 57.60 21.20 3.70 activities of households as emplo yers; undifferentiated good

100.0 0.20 0.40 2.40 0.60 0.90 63.90 30.20 1.50

activities of extraterr itorial organizations and bodies

100.0 0.00 22.80 0.00 54.30 0.00 22.80 0.00 0.00


60

4.11. Status in Employment Status in employment by sex has been presented in Table-4.11. It is observed from the table

that the highest 22.7% employed persons were self-employed in agriculture followed by unpaid

family worker (21.7%) and self employed in non-agriculture (17.97%). Among the males, the

highest 25.6% were self-employed in agriculture followed by self employed in non-agriculture

(21.5%) regular and paid employee (16.8%). On the other hand, among the females, as high as

56.2% were unpaid family worker followed by self-employed in agriculture (15.7%) and regular

paid employee (8.9%).

It is noticed from the table that, there exists urban-rural variation in respect of status in

employment. In the urban area, the highest 30.1% were regular paid employee followed by self

employed in agriculture (21.6%). On the contrary, in the rural area, the highest 27.5% was self-

employed in agriculture (27.5%) followed by worker (23.1%) and self employed in non-agriculture

(16.8%).

Table-4.11: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by status in employment

Status of employment Total Urban Rural

Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Number (000)

Total 54084 37882 16202 12421 8752 3669 41663 29130 12533

regular paid employee 7879 6440 1439 3759 2877 882 4120 3563 558

employer 119 89 30 24 22 2 95 67 28

self employed (agri) 12333 9789 2544 799 571 228 11534 9218 2316

self employed (non-agri) 9730 8202 1529 2697 2388 309 7033 5814 1220

unpaid family worker 11792 2677 9116 2119 350 1769 9674 2327 7347

irregular paid worker 1489 1193 296 717 554 163 771 638 133

day labourer (agri) 5793 5394 400 450 418 33 5343 4976 367

day labourer (non-agri) 4841 4392 449 1784 1615 169 3057 2776 280

servant 455 47 408 132 16 117 323 31 291

Percent Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

regular paid employee 14.6 17.0 8.9 30.3 32.9 24.0 9.9 12.2 4.5employer 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

self employed (agri) 22.8 25.8 15.7 6.4 6.5 6.2 27.7 31.6 18.5self employed (non-agri) 18.0 21.7 9.4 21.7 27.3 8.4 16.9 20.0 9.7

unpaid family worker 21.8 7.1 56.3 17.1 4.0 48.2 23.2 8.0 58.6irregular paid worker 2.8 3.1 1.8 5.8 6.3 4.4 1.9 2.2 1.1


61

Status of employment Total Urban Rural Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

day labourer (agri) 10.7 14.2 2.5 3.6 4.8 0.9 12.8 17.1 2.9day labourer (non-agri) 9.0 11.6 2.8 14.4 18.5 4.6 7.3 9.5 2.2

servant 0.8 0.1 2.5 1.1 0.2 3.2 0.8 0.1 2.3

4.12. Status in Employment by Major Occupation Status in employment by major occupation has been presented in Table-4.12. It is notable

from the table that, employment status varies with occupation. In professional and technical

occupation, as high as 70.6% was employee followed by 18.6% self-employed (non-agriculture)

and 4.3% irregular paid worker. Similarly in clerical worker occupation 62.0% was employee,

18.0% was self-employed in non-agriculture and 11.4% self employed in agriculture. In

administrative and managerial occupation as high as 44.1% was self-employed in non agriculture

followed by 28.7% paid employee and 10.8% self employed in agriculture. In traditional

occupations such as agriculture, forestry and fishery, the highest 37.2% were unpaid family helper

followed by self employed in agriculture (31.1%) and day labour in agriculture (21.5%). Among

service workers highest 27.7% were self employed in agriculture followed by 21.4% unpaid family

helper and 13.9% were regular paid employee. Among sales workers 38.6% were self employed in

non-agriculture followed by 37.0% were self employed in agriculture and 10% were regular

employer. Among transport and production labourer the highest 31.0% were day labour in non-

agriculture followed by self employed in non-agriculture (28.3%) and regular paid employee

(23.5%).


62

Table-4.12: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major occupation and status in employment

Major occupation

Stus in emp lo yment Total regular

paid employee

employer self employed

(agri)

self employed (non-agri)

unpaid family worker

irregular paid

worker

day labourer

(agri)

day labourer

(non-agri)

servant

Number (000)

Total 54084 7879 119 12333 9730 11792 1489 5793 4841 455


2407 1699 27 15 447 19 103 7 58 33


689 223 7 71 288 48 22 13 15 2

Clerical worker 1009 625 6 115 181 15 35 6 23 2

Service worker 3001 417 6 831 408 643 146 22 217 311

Sales worker 8159 819 26 3018 3149 607 225 52 222 41


25698 695 22 7983 1429 9558 111 5523 346 31


12388 2916 20 281 3506 878 746 161 3846 34

Others 1082 484 6 18 322 25 102 9 115 2

Percent

Total 100.0 14.5 0.2 22.7 17.9 21.7 2.7 10.6 8.9 0.8


100.0 70.6 1.1 0.6 18.6 0.8 4.3 0.3 2.4 1.4


100.0 28.7 1.1 10.8 44.1 7.3 3.3 2.1 2.3 0.3

Clerical worker 100.0 62.0 0.6 11.4 18.0 1.5 3.5 0.6 2.3 0.2

Service worker 100.0 13.9 0.2 27.7 13.6 21.4 4.9 0.7 7.2 10.4

Sales worker 100.0 10.0 0.3 37.0 38.6 7.4 2.8 0.6 2.7 0.5


100.0 2.7 0.1 31.1 5.6 37.2 0.4 21.5 1.3 0.1


100.0 23.5 0.2 2.3 28.3 7.1 6.0 1.3 31.0 0.3

Others 100.0 44.8 0.5 1.7 29.8 2.3 9.4 0.8 10.6 0.2

4.13. Weekly Hours Worked Employed person’s average weekly hours of work has been presented in Table-4.13. It is

observed form the table that of the total labour force the highest 17,907 thousand or 32.9% worked

50-59 hours per week followed by 40-49 hours or more by 30.7% employed persons and 17.9%

employed persons worked 60 hours in a week.

There exists sex variation in hours of work in a week. Among the males, the highest 41.7%

worked more than 50-59 hours followed by 25.9% who worked 40-49 hours in a week and 22.5%

worked 60 hours and above in a week. On the other hand, among females, the highest 42.1%

worked 40-49 hours in a week followed by 28.0% worked <15 hours in a week and 12.1% worked

for 50-59 hours in a week.


63

The urban-rural variation in hours worked is not very wide. In the urban areas, the highest

34.5% worked for 40-49 hours followed by 50-59 hours work in a week by 26.6% employed

persons and 25.2% worked for 60 hours or more in a week. In the rural area 34.8% worked for 50-

59 hours in a week followed by 26.9% who worked for 40-49 hours and 15.7% worked for more

than 60 hours in a week.

Table-4.13: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by weekly hours worked

Hours worked in

a week

Total Urban Rural Total male f emale Total male f emale Total male f emale

Number (000)

Total 54084 37882 16202 10421 8752 3669 41663 29130 12533 <15 hours 5973 1436 4537 992 163 829 4981 1273 3707

15-19 794 655 139 93 71 22 701 584 117

20-29 2265 834 1431 407 123 284 1858 711 1147

30-39 1042 870 172 214 162 53 828 709 119

40-49 16718 9896 6822 4311 2812 1499 12407 7084 5323

50-59 17907 15946 1961 3318 2790 528 14588 13156 1432

60 + hours 9732 8582 1150 3143 2689 453 6590 5893 697

Percent

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 <15 hours 11.0 3.8 28.0 9.5 1.9 22.6 12.0 4.4 29.6 15-19 1.5 1.7 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.6 1.7 2.0 0.9 20-29 4.2 2.2 8.8 3.9 1.4 7.7 4.5 2.4 9.2 30-39 1.9 2.3 1.1 2.1 1.9 1.4 2.0 2.4 0.9 40-49 30.9 26.1 42.1 41.4 32.1 40.9 29.8 24.3 42.5 50-59 33.1 42.1 12.1 31.8 31.9 14.4 35.0 45.2 11.4 60 + hours 18.0 22.7 7.1 30.2 30.7 12.3 15.8 20.2 5.6

4.14. Average Weekly Hours Work by Occupation Average weekly hours work done by the employed population by different occupation

group has been presented in Table-4.14. It is observed from the table that the highest average 52

hours of work was done by the persons with others followed by 51 hours by sales workers and

production and transport workers. Among the males, the highest 53 hours of work was done by and

production and transport labours followed by sales and social workers & others (52 hours). Among

the females, the highest average hours of work was found for others (49 hours) followed by

professional and technical occupation (47 hours) and administrative and managerial occupation (45

hours)..


64

The urban and rural variation in respect of hours work per week is well differentiated. In the

urban areas, the highest 55 hours of work was noticed for sales workers, followed by production

and transport labourer (54 hours) and others (53 hours). In the rural areas, the highest 51 hours of

weekly work was noticed in case of others followed by clerical workers and sale workers (50

hours). It is noticeable that, at the aggregate level lowest average hourly work (42 hours) was found

for agriculture, forestry and fisheries occupation preceded by service worker (46 hours). The lowest

average weekly hours of work for agriculture, forestry and fisheries were found in case of males

and females and also for urban and rural areas.

Table 4.14: Employed person aged 15 years and above average weekly hours work by occupation

(Hours) Occupations Total Urban Rural

Total male f emale Total male f emale Total male f emale

Total 46 51 35 49 53 38 45 50 34

Professional technical 49 49 47 49 49 47 49 49 47

Administrative managerial 49 50 45 51 51 47 47 48 45

Clerical worker 50 51 45 50 50 44 50 51 45

Service worker 46 52 37 48 54 42 45 52 36

Sales worker 51 52 46 55 55 47 50 51 46

Agriculture, forestry and fisheries 42 49 31 37 49 29 42 49 32

Production and transport labourer 51 53 41 54 55 50 49 52 35

Others 52 52 49 53 53 49 51 52 50


65

Figure 17: Av erage weekly hours worked of employed person by occupation

4.15. Average Weekly Hours Worked by Major Industries Average weekly hours of work of employed persons by major industries has been presented

in Table-4.15. It is revealed from the table that at the national level, 55 hours of work per week was

done by persons employed in accommodation and food service activities followed by transport,

storage (55 hours) and professional, scientific and technical activities (53 hours). The lowest hours

of work was accounted for activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods (35

hours) agriculture, forestry and fishing (42 hours). In case of males, the highest average weekly

hours of work was found for accommodation and food service activities (56 hours) followed by

transport and storage (55 hours) and professional, scientific and technical activities wholesale and

retail trade and repair of motorcycle, other service activities and activities of household as

employer; undifferentiated goods (53 hours). Among females, the highest average weekly hours of

work was found in case of information and communication (54 hours) construction, professional,

scientific and technical activities & human health and social work activities (50 hours). The lowest

average weekly hours of work for females was found in case of real state activities (16 hours).

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Total



Clerical worker

Service worker

Sales worker

Agriculture, forestry and fisheries


Others

Male Female


66

There exists urban-rural variation in respect of weekly hours work by employed persons in

different industries. In the urban area, the highest average weekly hours of work was found in case

of employed persons in accommodation and food service activities (58 hours) followed by

transportation & storage (56 hours) and wholesale, retail trade and repair of motor vehicle and

motorcycle (55 hours). In rural area, the highest average weekly hours of work was found in case of

professional scientific and technical activities (55 hours) followed by accommodation and food

service activities (54 hours), and transports and storage (53 hours). In the rural area, the lowest

hour of work was found in case of real estate activities (16 hours) and in the urban area agriculture,

forestry and fishery (37 hours).

Table 4.15: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by average weekly hours worked and Industry

Industry

Total Urban Rural Total male female Total male female Total male female

Total 46 51 35 49 53 38 45 50 34 agriculture, forestry and fishing 42 49 31 37 49 29 42 49 32 mining and quarrying 45 48 31 50 50 38 44 47 31 manufacturing 50 51 48 53 54 53 48 50 44 electricit y, gas, st eam and air conditioning supply

49 49 45 48 49 44 50 50 48


50 51 38 52 54 45 47 50 24

construction 52 52 50 53 53 52 51 51 50 wholesale and ret ail trad e; rep air of motor vehicles and mot

52 53 46 55 56 48 51 52 46

transportation and storag e 54 55 43 56 57 43 53 54 43 accommod ation and food service activities

55 56 44 58 58 56 54 55 40

information and communication 50 50 54 53 53 54 49 48 54 financial and in surance activities 48 48 46 48 48 47 49 49 46 real estat e activities 48 50 16 52 52 - 37 41 16 professional, scientific and technical activities

53 53 50 51 52 38 55 55 54


48 49 46 48 48 45 48 49 47

public admin istration and defense; compulsory social securit y

49 49 46 49 49 43 50 50 50

education 47 48 47 48 48 47 47 47 47 human health and social work activities

51 52 50 50 51 48 52 53 51

arts, entertainment and recreation 49 49 44 42 47 19 51 50 57 other service activities 45 53 26 50 54 38 42 52 22 activities of households as emplo yers; undifferentiated good

35 53 32 41 53 38 31 53 28


50 50 - 50 50 - 48 48 -

4.16. Average Hours Worked by Status of Employment Weekly average hours worked by employed population by status is employment has been

presented in Table-4.16. It is revealed from the table that, at the aggregate level, the highest average


67

weekly hours of work was found in case of irregular servant (57 hours) followed and employer (55

hours) paid worker (55 hours). The lowest average daily work was found in case of unpaid family

workers (24 hours). There exists some sex differentials in case of weekly hours of work by

employment status. In case of male, the highest average weekly hours of work was found in case of

servant (60 hours) followed by irregular paid worker (56 hours) employer (55 hours). In case of

females, the highest 56 hours of work was observed in case of servant, followed by employer and

day labourer agriculture (54 hours) and irregular paid workers (53 hours). The lowest weekly hours

of work for males and females were found for unpaid family worker. The corresponding hours of

work were 29 hours and 23 hours respectively for males and females.

The urban-rural variation in respect of weekly hours of work by status in employment

shows that, the highest 57 hours of work by the servants in urban area and 56 hours of work by the

same group in the rural area. The lowest average weekly hours of work for urban and rural areas

were for unpaid family worker where the weekly hours of work were 26 hours and 24 hours

respectively.

Table-4.16: Average weekly hours worked of employed persons aged 15 years and over by status in employment

(hours) Status in employment

Total Urban Rural

Total male f emale Total male f emale Total male f emale

Total 46 51 35 49 53 38 45 50 34

Regular paid employee 52 52 52 53 53 53 51 52 50

Employer 55 55 54 56 56 51 55 55 55

Self employed (agri) 50 51 49 48 49 48 50 51 49

Self employed (non-agri) 52 53 47 55 55 49 51 52 47

Unpaid family worker 24 29 23 26 33 24 24 28 23

Irregular paid worker 55 56 53 56 57 54 54 55 52

Day labourer (agri) 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54

Day labourer (non-agri) 54 54 51 55 56 50 53 53 52

Servant 57 60 56 57 65 56 56 58 56


68

Figure 18: Av erage weekly hours worked of employed persons by status in employment

4.17. Weekly Income of the Day Labourers Weekly income of the agriculture and non-agricultural labourers has been presented in

Ttable 4.17. It is revealed from the table that the weekly income of the highest 38.5% labourers was

between Tk. 501-1000 followed by income group Tk. 1001-1500 (29.8%) and income group 1501-

2000 (17.3%). It is notable that there exist variations among males & females and urban & rural

with respect to weekly income of labourers. Among the males the highest 39.5% had income

between Tk. 501-1000 whereas among females the highest 32.9% had income between Tk. 1501-

2000. In the rural area, the highest 40.1% had income between Tk. 501-1000 and in the urban area

the highest 32.5% had income in the same range. In the rural area, only 31% had income Tk. 2001

as against 6.3% in the urban area.

Among the agricultural labourers the highest 42.8% had income between Tk. 501-1000

whereas, among non-agricultural labourers the highest 34.4% had income between Tk. 1001-

1500.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Total

Regular paid employee

Employer

Self employed (agri)

Self employed (non‐agri)

Unpaid family worker

Irregular paid worker

Day labourer (agri)

Day labourer (non‐agri)

Servant

Male Female


69

Table-4.17: Day labourers by weekly income

Employment status

Weekly earnings

Total Urban Rural Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

Number Total

Total 10634 9785 849 2235 2033 202 8400 7752 647 <= 500 1125 943 182 168 135 33 956 808 149 501-1000 4098 3861 237 726 681 44 3372 3179 192 1001-1500 3164 3082 82 708 687 21 2456 2395 61 1501-2000 1844 1565 279 492 409 83 1352 1156 196 2001+ 404 334 70 140 120 20 264 215 50

day labourer (agri)

Total 5793 5394 400 450 418 33 5343 4976 367 <= 500 803 690 112 49 45 4 754 645 108 501-1000 2477 2363 114 184 176 8 2293 2187 106 1001-1500 1499 1453 46 121 115 6 1378 1338 40 1501-2000 871 777 95 87 74 12 785 702 82 2001+ 143 111 33 10 7 2 133 103 30

day labourer (non-agri)

Total 4841 4392 449 1784 1615 169 3057 2776 280 <= 500 322 253 69 120 91 29 203 162 40 501-1000 1621 1498 123 542 506 37 1078 992 86 1001-1500 1665 1629 36 587 572 15 1078 1057 21 1501-2000 973 788 184 406 334 71 567 454 113 2001+ 261 224 37 130 112 17 131 111 20

Percent Total

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

<= 500 10.6 9.6 21.4 7.5 6.7 16.3 11.4 10.4 23.0 501-1000 38.5 39.5 27.9 32.5 33.5 22.0 40.1 41.0 29.7

1001-1500 29.8 31.5 9.6 31.7 33.8 10.5 29.2 30.9 9.4

1501-2000 17.3 16.0 32.9 22.0 20.1 41.4 16.1 14.9 30.2 2001+ 3.8 3.4 8.2 6.3 5.9 9.8 3.1 2.8 7.7

day labourer (agri)

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

<= 500 13.9 12.8 28.1 10.8 10.7 11.9 14.1 13.0 29.5 501-1000 42.8 43.8 28.5 40.8 42.1 24.3 42.9 44.0 28.9

1001-1500 25.9 26.9 11.5 27.0 27.6 18.6 25.8 26.9 10.9

1501-2000 15.0 14.4 23.7 19.3 17.8 37.7 14.7 14.1 22.5 2001+ 2.5 2.1 8.1 2.2 1.8 7.4 2.5 2.1 8.2

day labourer (non-agri)

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

<= 500 6.7 5.8 15.4 6.7 5.6 17.2 6.6 5.8 14.4 501-1000 33.5 34.1 27.4 30.4 31.3 21.6 35.3 35.7 30.9

1001-1500 34.4 37.1 7.9 32.9 35.4 8.9 35.3 38.1 7.3

1501-2000 20.1 18.0 41.0 22.7 20.7 42.1 18.6 16.3 40.4 2001+ 5.4 5.1 8.3 7.3 7.0 10.3 4.3 4.0 7.0


70

4.18. Monthly Income of Salaried Workers The monthly income of salaried workers has been presented in Table 4.18. It is seen that the highest percentage of salaried workers (21.0% ) were in the income group Tk. 1000-12,499 followed by income group Tk. 8000-8999 (11.8%) and Tk. 4000-4999 (11.6%).

There exists some variation in the income of salaried workers by sex. Among the males, the highest 21.9% was in the income group Tk. 10000-12,499 followed by income group Tk. 8000-8999 (12.2%) and income group Tk. 4000-4999 (11.7%). On the other hand, among the females, the highest 17.0% were in the income group Tk. 10,000-12,499 followed by income group Tk. 4000-4999 (10.9%) and income group Tk. 3000-3999 (10.0).

The urban-rural variation in the income of the salaried workers shows that, in the urban area, the highest 17.4 was in the income group Tk.1000-12,499 followed by income group Tk. 8000-8999 (12.4% and income group Tk. 4000-4999 (12.8%). On the contrary, in the rural area the highest 24.3% were in the income group Tk. 10,000-12,499 followed by income group Tk. 4000-4999 (11.4%) and income group Tk. 8000-8999 (11.3%).

Table-4.18: Salaried workers by monthly income

Monthly earnings in group


1 2 3 7 8 9 4 5 6 Number

Total 7872 6434 1437 3756 2876 880 4115 3558 557

<1500 46 33 13 11 9 2 35 24 12

1500-1999 123 70 53 55 27 28 68 43 25

2000-2499 330 201 129 199 96 103 131 105 25

2500-2999 300 205 95 145 78 67 155 127 28

3000-3999 563 419 144 302 198 104 261 221 40

4000-4999 910 752 157 443 342 100 467 410 57

5000-5999 409 362 47 157 132 26 252 230 22

6000-6999 776 679 97 371 318 53 405 361 44

7000-7999 362 272 90 172 114 59 190 158 32

8000-8999 931 784 147 467 388 79 464 395 68

9000-9999 555 433 122 175 124 51 380 309 71

10000-12499 1657 1412 245 655 518 137 1002 894 108

12500-14999 214 190 24 113 99 15 101 91 10

15000-17499 197 178 19 124 109 16 73 70 3

17500-19999 69 61 8 49 44 5 20 17 3

20000-24999 207 184 23 148 130 18 59 54 5

25000-29999 47 42 5 35 30 5 13 12 0

30000-34999 63 56 7 48 42 6 15 14 1

35000+ 113 102 11 87 80 8 26 22 3


71

Monthly earnings in group


1 2 3 7 8 9 4 5 6 Percent

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

<1500 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.7 2.1

1500-1999 1.6 1.1 3.7 1.5 0.9 3.2 1.6 1.2 4.5

2000-2499 4.2 3.1 9.0 5.3 3.3 11.8 3.2 3.0 4.5

2500-2999 3.8 3.2 6.6 3.8 2.7 7.6 3.8 3.6 5.1

3000-3999 7.2 6.5 10.0 8.0 6.9 11.9 6.3 6.2 7.2

4000-4999 11.6 11.7 10.9 11.8 11.9 11.4 11.4 11.5 10.2

5000-5999 5.2 5.6 3.3 4.2 4.6 2.9 6.1 6.5 3.9

6000-6999 9.9 10.5 6.8 9.9 11.1 6.0 9.8 10.1 7.9

7000-7999 4.6 4.2 6.3 4.6 4.0 6.7 4.6 4.4 5.7

8000-8999 11.8 12.2 10.2 12.4 13.5 8.9 11.3 11.1 12.3

9000-9999 7.0 6.7 8.5 4.6 4.3 5.8 9.2 8.7 12.7

10000-12499 21.0 21.9 17.0 17.4 18.0 15.6 24.3 25.1 19.3

12500-14999 2.7 3.0 1.7 3.0 3.4 1.7 2.5 2.6 1.8

15000-17499 2.5 2.8 1.3 3.3 3.8 1.8 1.8 2.0 0.6

17500-19999 0.9 1.0 0.5 1.3 1.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5

20000-24999 2.6 2.9 1.6 3.9 4.5 2.0 1.4 1.5 0.9

25000-29999 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.1

30000-34999 0.8 0.9 0.5 1.3 1.5 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.1

35000+ 1.4 1.6 0.8 2.3 2.8 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.6


72

CHAPTER-V

UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNDEREMPLOYMENT

There exists some misconception about unemployment and underemployment in the context

of Bangladesh. Those who are termed as unemployed generally do some works in family enterprise

or other places, therefore they are not actually unemployed.

It may be mentioned that, BBS always adopt concepts and definitions recommended by the

International Labour Office (ILO) regarding unemployment and underemployment and this is also

followed in Labour Force Survey 2010. Accordingly, a person aged 15 years and over considered

as unemployed if he/she did not work at all during the preceding week of the survey (even an hour

in the reference week) and was actively looking for work or was available for work but did not

work due to temporary illness or because there was no work available. In the context of

Bangladesh, the concept of unemployment based on this definition need to be supplemented by the

concepts of visible and invisible underemployment. These terms are defined by ILO as follows:

Underemployment exists when a person’s employment is inadequate in relation to specified

norms or alternative employment, accounts being taken of his occupational skill (training and work

experience). Two principal forms of underemployment may be distinguished :

i) Visible underemployment is primarily a statistical concept measured by labour force and other

service, reflecting an insufficiency in the volume of employment. It occurs when a person is in an

employment less than normal duration and is seeking, or would accept additional work.

ii) Invisible underemployment is primarily and analytical concept reflecting a misallocation of

labour resources or a fundamental imbalance as between labour and other factors of production.

Characteristic symptoms might be low income, underutilization of skill and/or low productivity

measure (potential underemployment).

ILO also points out that the countries that have attempted to measure underemployment

have faced a number of difficulties. Embedded in the definitions of underemployment are

normative concepts such as normal duration of work, standard level of income skill utilization and


73

productivity which are difficult to operationalize and subjective such as “whether the person accept

additional work” which elucidate intensions not actual behavior. Moreover, the measurement of

invisible underemployment have generally been focused to be impracticable and imprecise,

especially in the traditional or informal sector in the economy.

Since informal sector predominate in Bangladesh economy, the measurement of

underemployment in the above situation is difficult. In 2010 survey an attempt has been made only

estimate underemployment in terms of hours worked. No attempt has been made to determine

invisible underemployment which is difficult to operationalize.

5.1. Unemployment Rate Following the ILO definition, the unemployment rate for 2010 has been estimated and

presented in Table5.1. It may be mentioned that, according to this definition unemployment rate is

not very high in Bangladesh.

According to labour force survey 2010, the rate of unemployment stands at 4.5% which was

4.3% in 2005-2006. In the urban area, the unemployment rate was 6.5% in 2010, whereas, it was

4.3% in 2005-2006. On the other hand, the rate of unemployment was 4.0% in the rural area in

2010 which was 4.2% in 2005-2006. There exists sex differentials in the unemployment rate where

the rate of unemployment for male was 4.1% in 2010 and it was 3.4% in 2005-2006. In the urban

area, the unemployment rate for male was 5.7% in 2010 which was to 3.6% in 2005-2006. In the

rural area, the corresponding unemployment rate was 3.6% in 2010 and 3.3% in 2005-2006

respectively. For the females, the unemployment rate for Bangladesh, urban and rural was 5.7%,

8.3% and 4.9% in 2010 which was 7.0%, 6.7% and 7.2% in 2005-5006.


74

Table-5.1: Unemployment rate of population aged 15 years and over by sex and residence

Residence Total Male Female No. of unem-

ployed population

(000)

Unemploy- ment

rate (%)

No. of unem-ployed

population (000)

Unemploy- ment rate (%)

No. of unem-ployed

population (000)

Unemploy-ment

rate (%)

2010

Bangladesh 2568 4.5 1595 4.1 973 5.7

Urban 858 6.5 524 5.7 334 8.3

Rural 1710 4.0 1011 3.6 639 4.9

2005-2006

Bangladesh 2104 4.3 1250 3.4 854 7.0

Urban 505 4.3 315 3.6 190 6.7

Rural 1599 4.2 935 3.3 664 7.2

5.2. Unemployment Rate by Age Unemployment rate by age, sex and residence has been presented in Table 5.2. It is

observed from the table that, at the national level, the highest unemployed rate was found is age

group 15-19 (10.6%) followed by age group 20-24 (7.1%) and 25-29 (5.4%). This pattern also

follows in case of male & females. In case of female the highest unemployment rate was observed

in 15-19 (11.4%) followed by 20-24 (7.7%) and 25-29 (7.3%).

It is notable that unemployment rate is lower in all age group in the rural area compared to

urban area. The unemployment rate of females in the urban areas were higher in all groups

compared to urban area.

Table-5.2: Unemployment rate by age group, sex and residence

Age group Bangladesh Urban Rural


Total 4.5 4.1 5.7 6.5 5.7 8.3 4.0 3.6 4.9

15-19 10.6 9.8 11.4 12.4 11.7 13.4 10.1 9.8 10.6

20-24 7.1 6.8 7.7 9.9 8.7 11.5 6.3 6.2 6.4

25-29 5.4 4.3 7.3 7.9 6.3 10.8 4.6 3.7 6.2

30-34 4.2 3.8 4.8 5.6 5.0 6.9 3.6 3.4 4.0

35+ 2.4 2.4 2.7 3.9 3.9 3.8 2.0 1.9 2.4


75

Figure 19: Unemployment rate by age group, sex and residence

5.3. Unemployment Rate by Level of Education Unemployment rate by level of education has been presented in Table 5.3. It is observed

from the table that unemployment rate increases with the increase of educational level up to HSC or

equivalent level, then it reduces for degree or equivalent and slightly reduces for masters degree

and equivalent levels. The unemployment rate for engineering and medical degree holders and

those were higher than degree master degree or equivalent.

At the national level, for the total unemployment, the highest unemployment rate was

observed for those with educational level engineering or medical (14.27%) followed by HSC or

equivalent (13.74%) and SSC/equivalent (7.73%). There exists variation between males and

females with respect to unemployment rate by level of education. In case of males, the highest

unemployment rate was found in case of person with HSC/equivalent educational level (11.83%)

followed by medical/engineering degree holder (10.54%) and those with master degree (8.23%).

On the other hand, in case of females, the highest unemployment rate was observed for

medical/engineering degree (30.84%) followed by master/equivalent degree (19.87%) and

HSC/equivalent (19.52%).

There exists urban-rural variation in unemployment rate by level of education. In the urban

area, the highest unemployment rate was found in case of those having HSC/equivalent educational

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

15‐19 20‐24 25‐29 30‐34 35+

Male Female


76

level (17.04%) followed by engineering/medical degree holders (14.73%) and for

masters/equivalent level (11.48%). In case of rural area, the highest unemployment rate was

observed for those having medical/engineering degree (12.33%) followed by educational level

HSC/equivalent level (11.35%) and for masters/equivalent degree holders (8.56%).

Table-5.3: Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over by level of education and unemployment

Level of education Bangladesh Urban Rural


Number (000) Total 2568 1595 973 858 524 334 1710 1071 639

No education 642 357 284 138 83 54 504 274 230

Class I-V 491 307 184 152 90 62 339 216 123

Class VI-VIII 419 261 157 122 78 45 296 184 112

Class IX-X 364 222 143 116 63 53 248 159 90

SSC/equivalent 258 194 65 110 76 34 148 117 31

HSC/equivalent 288 186 102 150 89 61 138 97 40

Degree/equivalent 6 3 3 3 2 1 3 1 2

Master’s/ equivalent 84 56 28 54 35 19 30 21 9

Engineering/medical 15 9 6 13 8 5 3 1 2


Others 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1

Unemployment rate Total 4.53 4.04 5.66 6.45 5.65 8.34 3.94 3.55 4.85

No education 2.82 2.27 4.07 3.83 3.44 4.63 2.63 2.06 3.96

Class I-V 3.79 3.39 4.73 5.06 4.42 6.41 3.53 3.09 4.18

Class VI-VIII 5.18 4.80 5.98 5.62 5.08 6.88 4.57 4.69 5.68

Class IX-X 7.16 6.76 7.88 9.11 7.44 12.40 6.50 6.53 6.48

SSC/equivalent 7.33 7.53 6.80 9.71 9.35 10.64 6.21 6.69 4.87

HSC/equivalent 13.74 11.83 19.52 17.04 13.89 25.40 11.35 10.42 14.56

Degree/equivalent 0.50 0.35 1.25 0.43 0.38 0.61 0.59 0.31 2.02

Master’s/ equivalent 10.25 8.23 19.87 11.48 9.24 20.01 8.56 6.97 19.39

Engineering/medical 14.27 10.54 30.84 14.73 11.67 27.63 12.33 5.95 48.12

Technical/vocational 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Others 2.93 0.0 9.73 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.93 0.0 23.35


77

5.4. Educated Labour Force and Educated Unemployment Rate

Educated labour force and educated unemployment rate has been presented in Table 5.4. It

is seen that at the national level, the unemployment rate for educated person was 5.74% for both

sexes, 5.20% for male and 7.02% for female. In the urban area, such rate for both sexes, male and

female was 7.63%, 5.59% and 10.24% respectively. In the rural area, the corresponding

unemployment rates were 5.0%, 4.65% and 5.82% respectively.

Table-5.4: Educated labour force aged 15 years and over and educated unemployment rate

(000) Characteristics Bangladesh Urban Rural


Educated labour force 33987 23972 10015 9509 6784 2725 24478 17188 7290

Educated emp lo yed

persons 32037 22725 9312 8783 6337 2446 23254 16388 6866

Educated unemplo yed persons

1951 1247 703 726 447 279 1224 800 424

Educated un emplo yment

rate 5.74 5.20 7.02 7.63 6.59 10.24 5.00 4.65 5.82

Figure 20: Educated unemployment rate by sex and residence

5.5. Unemployment and Underemployment As per ILO definition, any person who did not work for pay or profit even an hour in the

preceding week are termed as unemployment. But the person who worked less than 15 hours in the

5.7

7.6

5.05.26.6

4.7

7.0

10.2

5.8

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0


Total Male Female


78

family enterprise as unpaid family worker may also be termed as unemployed. The persons who

worked less than 35 hours in the reference week may be termed as underemployed.

Unemployment population aged 15 years over and unemployment rate (including unpaid

family workers worked less than 15 hours) has been presented in Table 5.5. It is observed form the

table that though the unemployment rate as per definition of ILO is 4.5%, yet including the unpaid

family helper the unemployment rate stands at 14.16%. This rate is 6.63% for male and 31.49% for

female. The unemployment rate including the unpaid family helper for urban male and female are

6.89% and 28.41% compared to 6.55% and 32.45% for the rural males and females.

Table-5.5: Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over by economic category

(000) Economic category Bangladesh Urban Rural


Total civilian labour force

56651 39477 17174 13278 9276 4002 43373 30201 13172

a)Unemployed persons 2567 1595 972 858 524 334 1710 1071 639

b)Unemployed persons (Unpaid family helpers worked <15 hours/week)

5458 1022 4436 918 115 803 4540 907 3633

Total unemployed persons (a+b)

8025 2617 5408 1776 639 1137 6250 1978 4272

Unemployment rate (%) 14.16 6.63 31.49 13.38 6.89 28.41 14.41 6.55 32.43

Underemployment is defined by the persons who works less than 35 hours in the reference

week. The underemployment rate has been presented in the Table 5.6. It is seen from the table that

underemployment rate at the national level stands at 20.31%. Such rate is 14.40% for male and as

high as 34.15% for female. This indicates that underemployment rate is very high among females.

The variation in underemployment rate by residence is well pronounced. In the urban area,

the underemployment rate for both sexes, male and female are 12.40%, 6.86% and 25.62%

respectively. On the other hand, in the rural area, the underemployment rate for both sexes, male

and female are 22.67%, 16.66% and 36.64% respectively.


79

Table 5.6: Underemployed persons and underemployment rates of population aged 15 years and over by sex

(000) Economic category Bangladesh Urban Rural


Total Employed Persons 54084 37882 16202 12421 8752 3669 41663 29130 12533

Underemployed persons (worked<35 hours/week)

10986 5453 5533 1540 600 940 9446 4854 4592

Underemployment rate 20.31 14.40 34.15 12.40 6.86 25.62 22.67 16.66 36.64

Figure 21: Unemployment and underemployment rates by residence

5.6. Duration of Unemployment Duration of unemployment has been presented in Table 5.7. It is revealed that the highest

73.8% were unemployed for 10-12 months followed by 4-6 months (11.9%) and 7-9 months

(8.0%).

There exists sex differentials in duration of unemployment. The duration of unemployment

for 10-12 months for male and female were 69.8% and 80.3% respectively. Among males, the

duration of unemployment rate for 1-3 months, 4-6 months, 7-9 months were 8.7%, 13.1%, and

8.5% respectively. For the females such percentages for 1-3 months, 4-6 months, 7-9 months were

2.3%, 10.1%, 7.2% and 80.3% respectively. There exists urban-rural variation with respect to

duration of unemployment.

In the urban area, the percentages of duration of unemployment for 1-3 months, 4-6 months,

7-9 months, 10-12 months were 6.1%, 10.1%, 6.5%, and 77.3%. The corresponding percentages for

the rural areas were 6.4%, 12.9%, 8.7%, and 72.0% respectively.

20.31

12.4

22.67

4.536.45

3.94

0

5

10

15

20

25


Underemployment rate Unemployment rate (%)


80

Table-5.7: Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over by duration of unemployment (Percent)

Duration of unemployment

Bangladesh Urban Rural Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1-3 months 6.3 8.7 2.3 6.1 8.9 1.8 6.4 8.6 2.6

4-6 months 11.9 13.1 10.1 10.1 11.6 7.6 12.9 13.8 11.4

7-9 months 8.0 8.5 7.2 6.5 3.2 5.4 8.7 9.1 8.2

10-12 months 73.8 69.8 80.3 77.3 77.3 85.2 72.0 68.6 77.8

Figure 22: Duration of unemployment by month


81

CHAPTER-VI

YOUTH LABOUR FORCE

This chapter deals with youth labour force. It may be mentioned that, youth labour force is

defined by labour force aged 15-29 years. The characteristics of the youth labour force that have

been discussed in this chapter are labour force by economic category, employed and unemployed

labour force, labour force by division, labour force by literacy, level of education, youth labour

force by industry, occupation and by employment status.

6.1. Youth Labour Force by Economic Category Youth labour force by economic category has been presented in Table 6.1. It is observed

from the table that, of the total youth population of age 15-29, 53.24% was in the labour force and

the rest 46.76% was outside the purview of the labour force. Among the labour force, 92.54% was

employed and the rest 7.46% was unemployed. Those who were outside labour force among them

58.25% was engaged in household work, 37.31% was student and 4.44% were others.

There exists sex variation in the economic category of youth population where 69.50% male

was in the labour force compared to only 38.22% for the females. The differences in economic

category by urban-rural areas are also well pronounced where 50.17% in the urban areas was in the

labour force against 54.30% in the rural area. The percent of unemployed youth in the urban area

was 9.88% compared to 6.68% for the rural area.

Table-6.1: Youth labour force aged 15-29 years by broad economic category

Economic category Bangladesh Urban Rural Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

Number (000) Total Youth population 39253 18857 20396 10075 4610 5465 29178 14247 14931 Total labour force 20900 13105 7796 5055 3070 1985 15845 10034 5811

Employed 19342 12210 7133 4556 2806 1750 14786 9403 5383

Unemployed 1558 895 663 499 264 235 1059 631 428

Not in labour force 18353 5752 12600 5020 1540 3480 13333 4212 9120

Household work 9651 54 9596 2333 33 2300 7318 21 7297

Student 6181 3531 2650 2095 1104 992 4086 2428 1659

Others 735 149 586 290 79 211 445 70 374


82

Table-6.1.1: Youth labour force aged 15-29 years by broad economic category

Economic category Bangladesh Urban Rural Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

Percent Total labour force 53.24 69.50 38.22 50.17 66.59 36.32 54.30 70.43 38.02 Employed 92.54 93.17 91.50 90.12 91.40 88.16 93.32 93.71 92.63

Unemployed 7.46 6.83 8.50 9.88 8.60 11.84 6.68 6.29 7.37

Not in labour force 46.76 30.50 61.78 49.83 33.41 63.60 45.70 29.57 61.08 Household work 58.25 1.46 74.78 49.45 2.74 65.66 61.76 0.84 78.21

Student 37.31 94.55 20.65 44.40 90.78 28.31 34.49 96.36 17.78

Others 4.44 3.99 4.56 6.15 6.48 6.04 3.75 2.80 4.01

Figure 23: Youth labour force aged 15-29 years by economic category

6.2. Age-Sex Composition of Youth Labour Force Age-sex composition of youth labour force has been presented in Table 6.2. It is seen from

the table that, among the youth, labour force (15-29 years), the highest concentration of youth

labour force was found in age group 25-29 (36.99%) followed by age group 20-24 (35.77%) and

15-19 years (27.24%).

There exists sex variation in age composition of youth labour force. Among males, the

percentage of youth labour force in age group 15-19 was 27.98% against 26.01% for the females, in

the age group 20-24 the percentage of male was 37.21% compared to 38.13% for females. For the


83

age group 25-29, the percentage of male labour force was 37.66% and female labour force was

35.85%.

The urban-rural variation in age composition of labour force is not very prominent. In the

urban area, the percentage of total labour force in age group 15-19, 20-24 and 25-29 were 27.72%,

36.44% and 34.84% as against 27.11%, 35.55% and 37.34% for the rural area.

Table-6.2: Economically active youths aged 15-29 years by age group, and sex

Age group Bangladesh Urban Rural Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

Number (000) Total 20900 13105 7796 5055 3670 1985 15845 10034 5811 15-19 5694 3667 2028 1401 806 595 4294 2861 1433

20-24 7476 4503 2973 1842 1096 746 5633 3406 2227

25-29 7730 4935 2795 1812 1168 644 5918 3767 2151

Percent Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 15-19 27.24 27.98 26.01 27.72 26.25 29.97 27.11 28.51 24.66

20-24 35.77 37.11 34.36 38.13 36.44 35.70 37.58 35.55 33.94

38.3225-29 36.99 37.66 35.85 35.84 38.05 32.44 37.39 37.54 37.02

6.3. Youth Labour Force Participation Rate Youth labour force participation rate along with the population, and labour force have been

displayed in Table 6.3. It may be noted that labour force participation rate is defined by the ratio of

labour force and population aged 15-29 years expressed in percentage. It is seen from the table that

labour force participation rate at national level for both sexes, male and female are 53.24%, 69.50%

and 38.22% respectively. Such rate for the urban area for both sexes, male and female are 50.17%,

66.59% and 36.32% respectively compared to 54.30%, 70.43% and 38.92% for the rural area.

As regards participation rate by age group, it is seen that participation rate increases with

the increase in age group with the highest rate for the age group 25-29. This is true for national as

well as urban and rural areas.


84

Table-6.3: Youth labour force (aged 15-29 years) participation rate by age group and sex (000)

Age group Population (15-29 years) Economically active youths Participation rate (%) Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

Bangladesh Total 39253 18857 20396 20900 13105 7796 53.24 69.50 38.22

15-19 14463 7575 6888 5694 3667 2028 39.40 48.40 29.44

20-24 13186 5929 7257 7476 4503 2973 56.70 75.95 40.97

25-29 11604 5353 6251 7730 4935 2795 66.61 92.19 44.71

Urban

Total 10075 4610 5465 5055 3070 1985 50.17 66.59 36.32 15-19 3851 1811 2040 1401 806 595 36.38 44.51 29.17

20-24 3470 1515 1956 1842 1096 746 53.08 72.34 38.14

25-29 2754 1284 1469 1812 1168 644 65.80 90.97 43.84

Rural

Total 29178 14247 14931 15845 10034 5811 54.30 70.43 38.92 15-19 10612 5764 4848 4294 2861 1433 40.46 49.64 29.56

20-24 9716 4414 5302 5633 3406 2227 57.08 77.16 42.00

25-29 8850 4069 4781 5918 3767 2151 66.87 92.58 44.99

Figure 24: Youth labour force (aged 15-29 years) participation rate

6.4. Youth Labour Force by Administrative Division Youth labour force by administrative division has been presented in Table 6.4. It is

observed form the table that, the highest percentage of labour force exists in Dhaka Division

(32.25%) followed by Rajshahi Division (26.51%) and Chittagaong Division (18.44%). The

distribution of male labour force by division also follows the same pattern, however for the females

the volume of labour force differs where the 2nd highest labour force stands for Rajshahi Division

0

20

40

60

80


Male Female


85

(26.80%) and the 3rd for Chittagong Division (17.07%). In the urban area, the highest percentage of

labour force was for Dhaka Division (49.95%) followed by Chittagaong Division (21.60%) and

Rajshahi Division (14.52%). On the other hand, for the rural area, the highest labour force was in

Rajshahi Division (30.33%) followed by Dhaka Division (26.61%) Chittagaong Division

(17.44%).

Table-6.4: Youth labour force aged 15-29 years by division

Division Bangladesh Urban Rural


Bangladesh 20900 13105 7796 5055 3070 1985 15845 10034 5811 Chittagong 3854 2523 1331 1092 699 392 2763 1824 939

Dhaka 6741 4112 2628 2525 1486 1039 4215 2626 1589 Khulna 2332 1449 883 422 257 165 1910 1192 718

Rajshahi 5541 3452 2089 734 444 290 4807 3008 1799

Barisal 1144 725 419 137 85 52 1007 639 367

Sylhet 1289 843 446 146 99 47 1143 744 399 Percent

Bangladesh 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Chittagong 18.44 19.25 17.07 21.60 22.77 19.75 17.44 18.18 16.16

Dhaka 32.25 31.38 33.71 49.95 48.40 52.34 26.61 26.17 27.34 Khulna 11.16 11.06 11.33 8.34 8.37 8.31 12.05 11.88 12.36

Rajshahi 26.51 26.34 26.80 14.52 14.46 14.61 30.33 29.98 30.96

Barisal 5.47 5.53 5.37 2.71 2.77 2.62 6.36 6.37 6.32

Sylhet 6.17 6.43 5.72 2.89 3.22 2.37 7.21 7.41 6.87

Figure 25: Youth labour force (aged 15-29 years) by aadministrative divisions


86

6.5. Youth Labour Force by Literacy Literacy rate of youth labour force, employed and unemployed population has been

presented in table 6.5. It is seen that female literacy rate is higher than male literacy rate in case of

youth labour force.

As the national level, for the youth labour force, the literacy rate for male was 68.56%

against 71.24% for female. For the employed population, the male literacy rate was 67.34% and

female literacy rate 70.25%. The literacy rate for unemployed male was 85.25% compared to

81.90% for the female.

It may be noted that the female literacy rate for economically active population was higher

than male literacy rate at the aggregate level and in rural areas.

Table 6.5: Economically active, employed and unemployed youths aged 15-29 years by literacy (000)

Residen ce Economically active Emplo yed Unemplo yed

Total Literate Illiterate Percent of literate



Bangladesh

Total 20900 14539 6361 69.56 19343 13233 6110 68.41 1558 1306 252 83.83Male 13105 8985 4120 68.56 12210 8222 3988 67.34 895 763 132 85.25Female 7796 5554 2242 71.24 7133 5011 2122 70.25 663 543 120 81.90

Urban

Total 5055 3825 1230 75.67 4556 3391 1165 74.43 499 434 65 86.97Male 3070 2346 724 76.42 2806 2117 689 75.45 264 279 35 86.74

Female 1985 1479 506 74.51 1750 1274 476 72.80 235 206 29 87.66

Rural

Total 15845 10713 5132 67.61 14786 9842 4944 66.56 1059 872 187 82.34Male 10034 6639 3395 66.16 9403 6105 3298 64.93 631 534 97 84.63Female 5811 4074 1736 70.11 5383 3737 1646 69.42 428 337 91 78.74

6.6. Youth Labour Force by Level of Education Youth labour force by level of education has been presented in Table 6.6. It is seen form the

table that, among the labour force, the highest 27.4% was with level of education class I-V

followed by 26.9% with no education and 19.2% with level of education VI-VIII. The percentage

of labour force with higher education and technical education were scanty . The percentage of

degree or equivalent was 1.2%, masters or equivalent was 0.9%, engineering and medical was

0.1%. technical and vocational education was 0.2%.


87

There exists sex variation in level of education for youth labour force. For males, the

percentage of labour force with no education stands at 27.4% as against 25.9% for the females. It is

notable that, the percentage of female youths with technical education and medical and engineering

education was similar to male. The percentage for medical and engineering degree holder for male

& female was 0.1%. For technical and vocational education male was 0.2% against 0.1% for

female.

This pattern was also true for employed population. On the other hand, for the unemployed

population, the percentage of higher education was comparatively higher. Surprisingly, 2.4%

master degree holders and 0.3% engineering and medical degree holders were unemployed.

Table-6.6: Youth labour force (aged 15-29 years) by level of education

Level of education

Economically activity Employed Unemployed Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

Number (000) Total 20900 13105 7796 19343 12210 7133 1558 895 663 No education 5614 3595 2019 5370 3476 1894 244 120 124

Class I-V 5726 3850 1876 5393 3652 1741 333 199 134

Class VI-VIII 4018 2423 1595 3709 2243 1466 309 180 129 Class IX-X 2785 1518 1267 2492 1354 1138 293 164 129

SSC/equivalent 1469 878 591 1297 762 535 172 116 56

HSC/equivalent 782 475 306 620 383 237 161 92 69

Degree/equivalent 252 184 69 250 183 68 2 1 1 Master's/equivalent 183 128 56 145 107 38 38 21 17

Engineering/medical 20 15 5 16 12 4 5 3 2

Technical/vocational 35 27 8 35 27 8 - - -

Others 16 11 5 15 11 4 1 - 1 Percent

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 No education 26.9 27.4 25.9 27.8 28.5 26.6 15.7 13.4 18.8

Class I-V 27.4 29.4 24.1 27.9 29.9 24.4 21.4 22.2 20.3 Class VI-VIII 19.2 18.5 20.5 19.2 18.4 20.6 19.8 20.1 19.4

Class IX 13.3 11.6 16.3 12.9 11.1 16.0 18.8 18.3 19.5

SSC/equivalent 7.0 6.7 7.6 6.7 6.2 7.5 11.1 13.0 8.5

HSC/equivalent 3.7 3.6 3.9 3.2 3.1 3.3 10.4 10.3 10.5 Degree/equivalent 1.2 1.4 0.9 1.3 1.5 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.1

Master's/equivalent 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.5 2.4 2.3 2.6

Engineering/medical 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.2

Technical/vocational 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 6.1 - - 0.0 Others 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 - - 0.1


88

6.7. Employed Youth by Major Industry Employed youth by major industries have been displayed in Table 6.7. It is observed from

the table that, the highest percent of youth was engaged in agriculture, forestry and fisheries

(51.5%) followed by manufacturing industries (14.6%) wholesale and trade (9.2%).

There exists sex variation in employment by industry. Among the males, the highest 40.2%

were in agriculture, forestry, fisheries followed by manufacturing industries (15.04%) and

wholesale and retail trade (13.0%). For the females, the highest percentage was for agriculture,

hunting and forestry (71.0%) followed by manufacturing (13.0%) and other service activities

(7.1%).

There exists urban-rural variation in employment of youth by industry. In the urban area,

the highest 28.4% was engaged in manufacturing industries followed by agriculture, forestry and

fisheries (26.3%) and wholesale and retail trade (13.3%). On the country, in the rural area, the

highest 47.5% was in the agriculture, forestry and fisheries followed by manufacturing (31.9%) and

other service activities (6.2%). There also exists sex variation in employment by industry in the

urban and rural areas. Detailed can be seen form the table 6.7.

Table-6.7: Employed youths aged 15-29 years by major industry

BSIC industry classification Total Urban Rural


Total 19342 12210 7133 4565 2806 1750 14786 9403 5383

agriculture, forestry and fishing 9992 4924 5068 1201 370 832 8791 4554 4236


manufacturing 2827 1897 930 1298 739 559 1529 1157 372


34 33 2 15 14 1 19 18 1


5 4 1 2 1 1 3 3 0

construction 1065 995 70 302 280 22 764 715 48

wholesale and ret ail trad e; rep air of motor vehicles and mot

1793 1697 96 607 577 31 1186 1121 65

transportation and storag e 1243 1184 59 351 335 15 892 848 44


276 263 13 86 81 5 190 182 8

information and communication 18 17 1 6 6 0 11 10 1

financial and in surance activities 94 73 21 52 39 13 42 34 8



31 26 5 10 9 2 21 18 4


107 91 15 45 38 7 62 54 9


115 108 7 47 42 5 68 66 2


89

BSIC industry classification Total Urban Rural


education 267 156 111 108 56 52 159 100 58


76 57 20 34 22 12 43 35 8

arts, entertainment and recreation 23 22 1 3 3 0 20 19 1

other service activities 1110 602 508 272 163 109 839 439 399


250 59 191 113 28 85 137 32 106

Percent

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

agriculture, forestry and fishing 51.52 40.16 71.04 26.31 13.13 47.52 59.28 48.22 78.69


manufacturing 14.57 15.47 13.04 28.44 26.27 31.94 10.31 12.25 6.90


0.18 0.27 0.02 0.33 0.51 0.04 0.13 0.19 0.02


0.03 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.02 0.04 0.00

construction 5.49 8.12 0.99 6.61 9.94 1.25 5.15 7.57 0.90

wholesale and ret ail trad e; repair of motor vehicles and mot

9.25 13.85 1.34 13.30 20.48 1.75 8.00 11.87 1.21

transportation and storag e 6.41 9.65 0.83 7.68 11.91 0.87 6.02 8.98 0.82


1.42 2.15 0.18 1.87 2.88 0.26 1.28 1.93 0.15


0.09 0.14 0.01 0.14 0.22 0.00 0.08 0.11 0.02


0.49 0.59 0.30 1.14 1.39 0.75 0.28 0.36 0.15

real estat e activities 0.04 0.06 0.00 0.10 0.16 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.00


0.16 0.21 0.07 0.22 0.31 0.09 0.14 0.19 0.07


0.55 0.75 0.22 0.98 1.34 0.39 0.42 0.57 0.16


0.59 0.88 0.10 1.02 1.49 0.27 0.46 0.70 0.04

education 1.38 1.27 1.55 2.37 1.98 3.00 1.07 1.06 1.09


0.39 0.46 0.28 0.74 0.77 0.69 0.29 0.37 0.14


0.12 0.18 0.01 0.06 0.09 0.00 0.13 0.20 0.01

other service activities 5.73 4.91 7.12 5.95 5.79 6.21 5.66 4.65 7.42


1.29 0.48 2.67 2.47 0.98 4.86 0.93 0.33 1.96

6.8. Employed Youth by Major Occupation Employed youth by major occupation has been displayed in Table 6.8. It is observed that as

high as 51.5% was belonging to agriculture, forestry and fisheries occupation followed by

production and transport labourer (28.9%) and sales worker (9.7%).


90

There exists sex variation in youth employment by major occupation. Among males, the

highest 40.1% were in agriculture, forestry and fishery occupation followed by production and

transport labour (34.1%) and sales worker (14.2%). For the females, the highest 71.1% was in

agriculture, forestry and fisheries occupation followed by production and transport labour (19.9%)

and service worker (3.8%).

The variation between urban-rural area in occupation of youth is well pronounced. In the urban

area, the highest 44.4% was engaged in production and transport labour occupation followed by

and agriculture, forestry and fisheries (26.3%) and sales worker (13.6%). On the other hand, in the

rural area, the highest percent of employed youth was in the agriculture, forestry and fishery

occupation (59.2%) followed by production and transport labourer (24.1%) and sales worker

(8.4%). The population of youth in the professional & technical occupation and administrative and

managerial occupation were not high. Such percentages for urban areas were 4.7% and 1.3%

compared to 2.2% and 1.1% in the rural area.

Table-6.8: Employed youths aged 15-29 years by major occupation

Major occupation Bangladesh Urban Rural Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

Number (000) Total 19343 12210 7133 4556 2806 1750 14786 9403 5383 Professional, technical 539 376 164 214 137 77 325 239 86 Administrative, managerial 213 201 12 62 58 4 151 143 8

Clerical worker 224 198 26 88 73 15 136 125 11

Services worker 669 396 273 225 119 106 444 277 167

Sales worker 1872 1740 132 623 586 36 1249 1154 95 Agri, foresty, fisheries 9984 494 5070 1201 368 833 878 4546 4237

Production, transport labourer 5601 4180 1422 2026 1372 654 357 2808 768

Others 289 255 - 126 102 24 163 153 10

Percent

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Professional, technical 2.8 3.1 2.3 4.7 4.9 4.4 2.2 2.5 1.6

Administrative, managerial 1.1 1.6 0.2 1.3 2.0 0.2 1.1 1.5 0.1 Clerical worker 1.2 1.6 0.4 1.9 2.6 0.9 0.9 1.3 0.2

Services worker 3.5 3.2 3.8 4.9 4.2 6.0 3.0 2.9 3.1

Sales worker 9.7 14.1 1.8 13.6 20.8 2.1 8.4 12.2 1.8

Agri, forestry, fisheries 51.5 40.1 71.1 24.3 13.1 46.7 59.2 48.1 78.7 Production, transport labourer 289 34.1 19.9 44.4 48.7 37.4 24.1 29.7 14.3

Others 1.5 2.1 0.5 2.8 3.6 1.4 1.1 1.6 0.2

Note: Components may not add to total as some employed persons are engaged in more than are occupation.


91

6.9. Employed Youth by Status in Employment Employed youth by status in employment in Table 6.9 indicate that highest 39.6% was

unpaid family worker followed by regular paid employee (17.0%) and self employed in non-

agriculture (13.4%).

As regards sex variation, it is observed that, among males, the highest 20.2% was regular

paid employee (20.2%) followed by self employed in non-agriculture (19.0%) and unpaid family

worker (18.3%). For the females, as high as 76.2% was unpaid family helper followed by regular

paid employee (11.4%) and self employed non-agriculture (3.8%). Agriculture labourer constitute

12.8% in the aggregate level with 19.0% for male and 2.1% for female. Non-agriculture labourer

constitute 8.2% for the total, 11.8% for male and 2.2% for female.

The urban-rural variation in employment status of youth indicate that, in the urban area, the

highest 33.3% was regular paid employee followed by unpaid family helper (26.5%). In the rural

area, the highest 43.9% was unpaid family helper followed by 15.5% agriculture day labour and

13.2% self employed in non-agriculture.

Table-6.9: Employment youths aged 15-29 years by status in employment

(000) Status in employment Bangladesh Urban Rural

Number Total 19343 12210 7133 4556 2806 1750 14786 9403 5383

regular p aid

emplo yee 3287 2472 815 1522 1001 520 1766 1471 295

emplo yer 19 16 3 4 3 1 16 13 3

self emplo yed (agri) 978 899 79 73 64 9 905 835 70

self emplo yed (non-

agri) 2601 2328 272 645 525 120 1956 1803 153

unpaid family worker 7684 2246 5438 1169 274 894 6515 1972 4543

irregular paid wo rker 664 503 161 305 208 97 359 295 64

day labourer (agr i) 2473 2327 146 181 170 11 2292 2157 135

day labourer (non-

agri) 1600 1442 158 626 560 66 974 882 92

servant 87 27 60 41 9 32 46 18 28


92

Status in employment Bangladesh Urban Rural

Percent Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

regular p aid

emplo yee 17.0 20.2 11.4 33.3 35.6 29.7 11.9 15.6 5.5

emplo yer 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1

self emplo yed (agri) 5.0 7.3 1.1 1.6 2.3 .5 6.1 8.8 1.3

self employed (non-agri) 13.4 19.0 3.8 14.1 18.7 6.8 13.2 19.1 2.8

unpaid family worker 39.6 18.3 76.2 25.6 9.7 51.1 43.9 20.9 84.4

irregular paid wo rker 3.4 4.1 2.3 6.7 7.4 5.5 2.4 3.1 1.2

day labourer (agr i) 12.8 19.0 2.1 4.0 6.0 .6 15.5 22.8 2.5

day labourer (non-

agri) 8.2 11.8 2.2 13.7 19.9 3.8 6.6 9.3 1.7

6.10. Unemployed Youth by Age Group Unemployed youth by age group has been presented in Table 6.10. It is seen that, the

highest 38.90% was in the age group 15-19, followed by age group 20-24 (34.27%) and age group 25-29 (26.83%).

Among males and females, the highest unemployed youth was in age group 15-19. The corresponding percentages were 41.90% and 34.84%.

It is notable that, in the urban area the highest concentration (36.77%) was in the age group 20-24, whereas, in the rural area, the highest concentration was in the age group 15-19 (40.79%). Table-6.10: Unemployed youths aged 15-29 years by age group, sex and residence

(000)

Age group Bangladesh Urban Rural Total Male Femal

e Total Male Femal

e Total Male Femal

e Number (000)

Total 1558 895 663 499 264 235 1059 631 428 15-19 606 375 231 174 94 80 432 281 152 20-24 534 306 228 182 96 86 352 210 142 25-29 418 214 204 143 74 69 274 140 134

Percent Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 15-19 38.90 41.90 34.84 34.87 35.11 34.04 40.79 44.53 35.51 20-24 34.27 34.19 34.39 36.17 36.36 36.60 33.23 33.28 33.18 25-29 26.83 23.91 33.77 28.66 28.03 29.36 25.87 22.10 31.31


93

Detailed Tables


94

Table-p1: Population by age group, sex and residence

(000) age group

Total Urban Rural


Number (000)

Total 148737 75150 73587 34047 17106 16941 114690 58044 56646

0-4 17085 8674 8411 3201 1613 1588 13883 7061 6823

5-9 19536 9897 9639 4666 2348 2318 14870 7549 7321

10-14 16532 8733 7800 3014 1573 1442 13518 7160 6358

15-19 14463 7575 6888 3851 1811 2040 10612 5764 4848

20-24 13186 5929 7257 3470 1515 1956 9716 4414 5302

25-29 11604 5353 6251 2754 1284 1469 8850 4069 4781

30-34 11218 5352 5866 3185 1615 1571 8032 3737 4295

35-39 9328 4629 4699 2014 998 1016 7314 3631 3683

40-44 8856 4645 4211 2171 1155 1016 6685 3490 3196

45-49 6706 3683 3023 1521 864 657 5185 2819 2366

50-54 6363 3347 3016 1644 944 700 4718 2403 2315

55-59 4524 2318 2206 801 434 368 3723 1885 1838

60-64 3473 1890 1583 665 364 301 2808 1526 1282

65+ 5864 3126 2738 1089 588 501 4775 2538 2237

Percent

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

0-4 11.5 11.5 11.4 9.4 9.4 9.4 12.1 12.2 12.0

5-9 13.1 13.2 13.1 13.7 13.7 13.7 13.0 13.0 12.9

10-14 11.1 11.6 10.6 8.9 9.2 8.5 11.8 12.3 11.2

15-19 9.7 10.1 9.4 11.3 10.6 12.0 9.3 9.9 8.6

20-24 8.9 7.9 9.9 10.2 8.9 11.5 8.5 7.6 9.4

25-29 7.8 7.1 8.5 8.1 7.5 8.7 7.7 7.0 8.4

30-34 7.5 7.1 8.0 9.4 9.4 9.3 7.0 6.4 7.6

35-39 6.3 6.2 6.4 5.9 5.8 6.0 6.4 6.3 6.5

40-44 6.0 6.2 5.7 6.4 6.8 6.0 5.8 6.0 5.6

45-49 4.5 4.9 4.1 4.5 5.1 3.9 4.5 4.9 4.2

50-54 4.3 4.5 4.1 4.8 5.5 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1

55-59 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.4 2.5 2.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

60-64 2.3 2.5 2.2 2.0 2.1 1.8 2.4 2.6 2.3

65+ 3.9 4.2 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.0 4.2 4.4 3.9


95

Table-P2: Population 15 years and over by marital status, sex and residence

(000) Marital status

Total Urban Rural


Number (000)

Total 95584 47847 47737 23165 11572 11593 72419 36275 36144

Unmarried 18825 13033 5792 5206 3330 1876 13619 9703 3916

Married 70734 34140 36594 16625 8080 8545 54109 26060 28049

Widowed 5355 583 4772 1151 135 1016 4204 449 3756

Divorced 336 37 299 80 11 69 257 26 231

Separated 334 53 280 104 17 88 230 37 193

Table-P3: Literacy rate of population 5 years and over by sex

(000) Literacy Total Urban Rural


Number Total 131652 66477 65176 30846 15493 100807 50983 49823 15352

Literate 71988 38020 33968 20003 10389 51984 27631 24353 9614

Not-literate

59665 28457 31208 10842 5104 48823 23353 25470 5738

Percent

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Literate 54.7 57.2 52.1 64.9 67.1 51.6 54.2 48.9 62.6

Not-literate

45.3 42.8 47.9 35.1 32.9 48.4 45.8 51.1 37.4

Table-P4: Population 5 years & over by level of education, sex and residence

(000) Highest class passed

Total Urban Rural


Number

Total 131652 66477 65176 30846 15493 15352 100807 50983 49823

No education 50562 23854 26708 8954 4180 4774 41609 19674 21934

Class i-v 38719 19696 19022 8673 4256 4417 30046 15440 14606

Class vi-viii 18398 9212 9186 4795 2381 2414 13604 6832 6772

Class ix-x 9905 4945 4961 2645 1255 1391 7260 3690 3570

S.S.C/equivalent 6593 3767 2826 2192 1149 1043 4401 2617 1783

H.S.C/equivalent 4890 2988 1902 2143 1182 961 2747 1806 941


1177 976 201 612 502 110 565 474 91


96

Highest class passed

Total Urban Rural



1101 815 286 662 459 203 439 356 83


144 114 30 114 90 24 30 24 5


96 75 22 39 33 6 58 41 16

Others 66 35 31 16 6 10 50 29 21

Percent

No education 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Class i-v 38.4 35.9 41.0 29.0 27.0 31.1 41.3 38.6 44.0

Class vi-viii 29.4 29.6 29.2 28.1 27.5 28.8 29.8 30.3 29.3

Class ix-x 14.0 13.9 14.1 15.5 15.4 15.7 13.5 13.4 13.6

S.S.C/equivalent 7.5 7.4 7.6 8.6 8.1 9.1 7.2 7.2 7.2

H.S.C/equivalent 5.0 5.7 4.3 7.1 7.4 6.8 4.4 5.1 3.6


3.7 4.5 2.9 6.9 7.6 6.3 2.7 3.5 1.9


0.9 1.5 0.3 2.0 3.2 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.2


0.8 1.2 0.4 2.1 3.0 1.3 0.4 0.7 0.2


0.1 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Others 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0

Table-P5: Population 5 years and over by training received, sex and residence

(000) Training received Total Urban Rural


Number

Total 131652 66477 65176 30846 15493 15352 100807 50983 49823

None 126956 63187 63768 29144 14297 14847 97811 48890 48921


Catering service 538 368 170 169 106 63 370 263 107

Tailoring/garments 857 477 380 367 181 186 490 296 194

Foreign language 204 144 60 80 61 19 124 84 41

Inservice training 1438 1151 287 689 545 144 749 606 143

Nursing 186 87 99 53 20 33 133 67 66

Youth development training

366 283 83 106 76 30 260 207 53

Others 1124 832 292 322 253 69 802 579 223


97

Training received Total Urban Rural


Percent

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

None 96.4 95.1 97.8 94.5 92.3 96.7 97.0 95.9 98.2

Technical/vocational 1.4 1.9 1.0 2.4 3.3 1.5 1.1 1.4 .8

Catering ser vice .4 .6 .3 .5 .7 .4 .4 .5 .2

Tailoring/garments .7 .7 .6 1.2 1.2 1.2 .5 .6 .4

Foreign language .2 .2 .1 .3 .4 .1 .1 .2 .1

Inser vice tr aining 1.1 1.7 .4 2.2 3.5 .9 .7 1.2 .3

Nursing .1 .1 .2 .2 .1 .2 .1 .1 .1

Youth devel opment training

.3 .4 .1 .3 .5 .2 .3 .4 .1

Others .9 1.3 .4 1.0 1.6 .4 .8 1.1 .4

Table-P6: Population aged 15 years and over by training received, sex and residence

(000) Training received Total Urban Rural


Number

Total 95584 47847 47737 23165 11572 11593 72419 36275 36144

None 91298 44776 46522 21553 10421 11132 69745 34354 35391


Catering ser vice 452 320 132 151 96 55 301 224 77

Tailoring/garments 799 447 352 347 172 174 452 275 178

Foreign language 178 137 41 75 57 17 103 79 24

Inser vice tr aining 1409 1135 274 678 537 140 731 598 133

Nursing 153 75 79 42 15 27 112 60 52


361 279 81 106 76 30 255 203 51

Others 1059 790 268 315 249 66 744 541 202

Percent

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

None 95.5 93.6 97.5 93.0 90.1 96.0 96.3 94.7 97.9

Technical/vocational 1.6 2.2 1.0 2.9 4.1 1.7 1.2 1.6 .8

Catering ser vice .5 .7 .3 .7 .8 .5 .4 .6 .2

Tailoring/garments .8 .9 .7 1.5 1.5 1.5 .6 .8 .5

Foreign language .2 .3 .1 .3 .5 .2 .1 .2 .1

Inser vice tr aining 1.5 2.4 .6 2.9 4.6 1.2 1.0 1.6 .4

Nursing .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 .2 .2 .2 .1


.4 .6 .2 .5 .7 .3 .4 .6 .1

Others 1.1 1.7 .6 1.4 2.2 .6 1.0 1.5 .6


98

Table-H1: Households by type of dwelling unit, tenure ship and residence

(000) Type of dwelling unit

Type of tenure ship Total Own Rent free Rented Subsidized

rent Others

Number (000) Total Total 33338 28901 825 3419 43 150

Kacha 24620 22863 603 1014 24 116

Semi-pacca 5933 4436 161 1318 11 8

Pacca 2573 1427 51 1080 9 7

Others 212 175 10 8 0 19

Urban Total 7953 4474 280 3143 30 27

Kacha 3499 2483 142 849 12 14

Semi-pacca 2524 1175 94 1241 9 4

Pacca 1888 787 41 1046 9 5

Others 41 29 3 6 0 4

Rural Total 25386 24427 545 277 14 123

Kacha 21121 20381 461 165 12 103

Semi-pacca 3409 3260 66 76 2 4

Pacca 685 640 10 34 0 2

Others 171 146 7 2 0 15

Table-H2: Households by type of dwelling unit, tenure ship and residence

Type of dwelling unit

Type of tenure ship Total Own Rent free Rented Subsidized

rent Others

Percent Total Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kacha 73.8 79.1 73.1 29.6 54.6 77.6 Semi-pacca 17.8 15.3 19.5 38.5 25.1 5.4 Pacca 7.7 4.9 6.2 31.6 20.3 4.6

Others .6 .6 1.2 .2 .0 12.4 Urban Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kacha 44.0 55.5 50.6 27.0 41.1 51.1 Semi-pacca 31.7 26.3 33.7 39.5 29.1 15.7 Pacca 23.7 17.6 14.7 33.3 29.8 19.3

Others .5 .6 1.0 .2 .0 13.9 Rural Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kacha 83.2 83.4 84.7 59.5 83.4 83.3 Semi-pacca 13.4 13.3 12.2 27.5 16.6 3.1 Pacca 2.7 2.6 1.8 12.3 .0 1.4

Others .7 .6 1.4 .7 .0 12.1


99

Table-H3: Households by household size and district

(000) District

Mean

Household size in group Total 1

member 2-3

member 4-5

member 6-7

member 8-9

member 10+

member Total 4.5 33338 852 9276 15407 5745 1507 551

Bagerhat 4.1 398 14 122 199 53 7 3

Bandarban 4.8 80 1 18 39 13 6 2

Barguna 4.2 231 3 69 121 33 3 1

Barisal 4.8 571 11 118 274 129 28 11

Bhola 5.0 385 3 66 184 110 16 7

Bogra 3.9 892 32 328 437 78 12 5

Brahmanbaria 5.1 526 19 105 200 137 44 21

Chandpur 4.8 554 10 112 273 117 27 16

Chittagong 4.8 1567 21 374 723 316 88 45

Chuadanga 4.1 293 7 103 134 38 7 4

Comilla 5.0 1048 21 211 451 267 69 29

Cox's Bazar 5.5 366 5 69 126 96 49 21

Dhaka 4.1 2658 45 958 1281 286 66 22

Dinajpur 4.2 770 22 247 377 97 15 12

Faridpur 4.5 422 4 131 167 91 20 9

Feni 5.0 306 9 54 139 71 22 10

Gaibandha 3.9 610 30 208 295 61 13 3

Gazipur 4.1 560 7 211 251 71 18 3

Gopalganj 5.1 259 7 39 124 61 15 13

Habiganj 5.3 396 8 78 152 102 40 18

Jamalpur 4.3 603 26 166 291 94 21 4

Jessore 4.2 662 12 211 343 79 14 4

Jhalokati 4.3 190 6 53 96 29 5 1

Jhenaid ah 4.0 439 6 147 233 45 8 1

Jo ypurhat 3.8 277 6 116 127 21 7 0

Khagrachhari 4.9 200 2 44 88 49 13 5

Khulna 4.4 600 11 179 286 90 26 7

Kishorgonj 5.0 681 27 138 253 182 61 20

Kurigram 4.3 509 19 145 238 83 19 5

Kushtia 4.1 515 11 156 276 60 8 5

Lakshmipur 4.9 409 8 95 168 102 28 8

Lalmonirhat 4.4 363 13 89 188 47 22 4

Madaripur 4.8 277 7 53 131 67 15 4

Magura 4.4 206 5 54 105 32 8 3

Manikganj 4.3 375 11 115 170 57 18 5

Maulvibazar 4.9 382 7 82 169 90 26 8

Meherpur 3.9 199 6 77 94 19 0 3


100

District

Mean

Household size in group Total 1

member 2-3

member 4-5

member 6-7

member 8-9

member 10+

member Munshiganj 4.3 247 6 64 132 35 8 2

Mymensingh 4.6 1238 25 313 551 260 74 16

Naogaon 3.9 801 33 304 357 84 11 12

Narail 4.5 178 3 50 81 35 8 1

Narayanganj 4.3 665 11 206 316 98 28 6

Narsingdi 4.8 400 13 95 173 83 21 14

Natore 3.9 477 17 170 231 46 12 2

Nawabganj 4.4 390 16 109 176 68 18 3

Netrakona 4.7 578 20 133 263 110 41 11

Nilphamari 4.4 445 14 125 201 86 16 3

Noakhali 5.0 589 12 116 248 156 42 15

Pabna 4.4 627 11 187 308 82 25 13

Panchag arh 4.6 232 7 48 120 46 10 1

Patuakh ali 4.6 356 9 87 169 73 14 4

Pirojpur 4.3 288 5 77 152 43 10 1

Rajbari 4.5 221 6 56 115 32 8 4

Rajshahi 4.0 696 28 240 339 69 11 8

Rangamati 4.7 143 3 36 64 27 8 5

Rangpur 4.1 792 34 271 361 100 22 6

Satkhira 4.4 539 12 153 259 93 17 5

Shariatpur 5.2 262 5 40 114 74 24 4

Sherpur 4.2 386 14 118 180 59 13 2

Sirajganj 4.5 703 18 207 315 117 35 12

Sunamganj 5.6 511 7 81 167 166 65 25

Sylhet 5.2 574 8 113 226 151 54 22

Tangail 4.2 876 45 252 413 122 33 11

Thakurgaon 4.5 345 8 82 175 55 18 6


101

Table-H4: Female headed households by district

(000) District Sex of the head of the household

Total Male Female Total 33338 30023 3315

Bagerhat 398 369 29

Bandarban 80 73 7

Barguna 231 219 12

Barisal 571 538 32

Bhola 385 367 19

Bogra 892 832 60

Brahmanbaria 526 425 102

Chandpur 554 462 93

Chittagong 1567 1334 234

Chuadanga 293 272 20

Comilla 1048 842 206

Cox's Bazar 366 330 36

Dhaka 2658 2345 312

Dinajpur 770 728 42

Faridpur 422 384 38

Feni 306 239 67

Gaibandha 610 558 52

Gazipur 560 499 61

Gopalganj 259 235 23

Habiganj 396 357 39

Jamalpur 603 550 53

Jessore 662 613 49

Jhalokati 190 177 13

Jhenaidah 439 426 14

Joypurhat 277 265 12

Khagrachhari 200 183 17

Khulna 600 560 39

Kishorgonj 681 606 75

Kurigram 509 477 33

Kushtia 515 485 30

Lakshmipur 409 328 81

Lalmonirhat 363 335 28

Madaripur 277 249 28

Magura 206 186 20

Manikganj 375 334 41

Maulvibazar 382 340 42

Meherpur 199 186 13


102

District Sex of the head of the household Total Male Female

Munshiganj 247 211 36

Mymensingh 1238 1114 124

Naogaon 801 742 59

Narail 178 164 14

Narayanganj 665 595 71

Narsingdi 400 351 49

Natore 477 446 31

Nawabganj 390 344 46

Netrakona 578 547 31

Nilphamari 445 409 36

Noakhali 589 458 131

Pabna 627 591 35

Panchagarh 232 221 11

Patuakhali 356 334 22

Pirojpur 288 270 18

Rajbari 221 201 20

Rajshahi 696 636 60

Rangamati 143 122 21

Rangpur 792 722 70

Satkhira 539 495 44

Shariatpur 262 238 23

Sherpur 386 368 18

Sirajganj 703 663 40

Sunamganj 511 478 33

Sylhet 574 514 60

Tangail 876 755 121

Thakurgaon 345 325 19


103

Table-H5: Households by number of children (aged 5-14 years) and district (000)

District Number of children aged 5-14 years Total HH None 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 9+

Total 33338 12837 16840 3499 157 5 0

Bagerhat 398 156 219 22 1 0 0

Bandarban 80 28 37 16 0 0 0

Barguna 231 84 137 10 0 0 0

Barisal 571 205 291 71 4 0 0

Bhola 385 117 189 77 2 0 0

Bogra 892 408 444 40 0 0 0

Brahmanbaria 526 151 256 109 10 0 0

Chandpur 554 186 300 65 2 1 0

Chittagong 1567 614 762 184 7 0 0

Chuadanga 293 122 159 10 1 0 0

Comilla 1048 328 543 170 7 1 0

Cox's Bazar 366 124 131 97 14 0 0

Dhaka 2658 1142 1381 131 3 0 0

Dinajpur 770 346 371 49 3 1 0

Faridpur 422 171 197 52 2 0 0

Feni 306 87 169 47 2 0 0

Gaibandha 610 258 310 42 1 0 0

Gazipur 560 251 284 25 0 0 0

Gopalganj 259 96 111 49 3 0 0

Habiganj 396 136 180 73 6 1 0

Jamalpur 603 238 303 62 0 0 0

Jessore 662 270 362 30 0 0 0

Jhalokati 190 77 92 20 1 0 0

Jhenaidah 439 179 240 20 0 0 0

Joypurhat 277 138 134 6 0 0 0

Khagrachhari 200 67 100 32 1 0 0

Khulna 600 229 323 46 1 0 0

Kishorgonj 681 249 298 124 8 1 0

Kurigram 509 202 268 40 0 0 0

Kushtia 515 205 296 14 0 0 0

Lakshmipur 409 147 194 68 0 0 0

Lalmonirhat 363 140 191 31 1 0 0

Madaripur 277 85 137 50 6 0 0

Magura 206 68 113 25 1 0 0

Manikganj 375 153 190 32 0 0 0

Maulvibazar 382 132 175 70 5 0 0

Meherpur 199 85 106 8 0 0 0


104

District Number of children aged 5-14 years Total HH None 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 9+

Munshiganj 247 109 114 23 1 0 0

Mymensingh 1238 408 631 193 6 0 0

Naogaon 801 378 396 26 1 0 0

Narail 178 53 94 29 1 0 0

Narayanganj 665 258 353 52 2 0 0

Narsingdi 400 150 187 61 2 0 0

Natore 477 195 265 18 0 0 0

Nawabganj 390 149 210 31 0 0 0

Netrakona 578 224 261 88 4 0 0

Nilphamari 445 170 214 60 1 0 0

Noakhali 589 181 292 112 4 0 0

Pabna 627 251 339 36 0 1 0

Panchagarh 232 83 119 30 0 0 0

Patuakhali 356 137 186 32 0 0 0

Pirojpur 288 119 145 23 0 0 0

Rajbari 221 92 109 19 1 0 0

Rajshahi 696 291 363 42 0 0 0

Rangamati 143 60 65 16 2 0 0

Rangpur 792 336 393 62 2 0 0

Satkhira 539 202 302 35 1 0 0

Shariatpur 262 74 127 57 4 0 0

Sherpur 386 159 189 37 1 0 0

Sirajganj 703 272 367 62 2 0 0

Sunamganj 511 152 216 129 13 0 0

Sylhet 574 147 282 131 15 0 0

Tangail 876 381 449 45 1 0 0

Thakurgaon 345 134 177 33 1 0 0

Table-H6: Households by source of lighting and residence (000)

Source of light Bangladesh Urban Rural Total HH 33338 100.0 7953 100.0 25386 100.0 electricity 16962 50.9 6738 84.7 10225 40.3 kerosine oil 15931 47.8 1163 14.6 14767 58.2 solar power 357 1.1 7 0.1 351 1.4 others 88 0.3 45 0.6 43 0.2


105

Table-H7: Households by source of drinking water and district

(000) District

Source Of Drinking W ater

Total HH Tube well /deep tube well

Canal/river /pond Supply water/tap e wat er

Others

Total 33338 29686 611 2693 348

Bagerhat 398 218 163 16 1 Bandarban 80 50 29 0 1 Barguna 231 203 21 0 6 Barisal 571 568 1 1 1 Bhola

385 381 1 2 0 Bogra 892 888 2 2 0 Brahmanbaria 526 522 2 0 2 Chandpur 554 542 4 9 0 Chittagong 1567 1279 2 276 10 Chuadanga

293 270 1 22 0 Comilla 1048 1007 10 29 2 Cox s Bazar

366 366 0 0 0 Dhaka 2658 761 13 1837 46 Dinajpur 770 753 2 4 11 Faridpur

422 393 0 29 0 Feni 306 297 5 4 0 Gaibandha 610 604 1 1 4 Gazipur 560 431 4 123 2 Gopalganj 259 257 2 0 0 Habiganj

396 375 2 12 8 Jamalpur 603 600 2 0 1 Jessore 662 653 5 3 2 Jhalokati 190 185 1 3 1 Jhenaid ah 439 428 1 8 3 Jo ypurhat

277 274 3 1 0 Khagrachhari 200 162 14 0 24 Khulna 600 519 75 1 6 Kishorgonj 681 675 4 0 2 Kurigram 509 505 5 0 0 Kushtia

515 495 1 19 0 Lakshmipur 409 406 0 1 2 Lalmonirhat 363 361 1 0 1 Madaripur 277 276 1 0 0 Magura 206 199 1 6 0 Manikganj

375 351 0 23 1 Maulvibazar 382 354 5 7 16 Meherpur 199 199 0 0 0


106

District

Source Of Drinking W ater

Total HH Tube well /deep tube well

Canal/river /pond Supply water/tap e wat er

Others

Munshiganj 247 241 2 4 0 Mymensingh 1238 1232 5 1 0 Naogaon 801 675 11 2 112 Narail

178 176 1 1 1 Narayanganj 665 625 2 31 7 Narsingdi 400 395 1 3 1 Natore 477 471 4 1 2 Nawabganj 390 376 2 8 4 Netrakona

578 562 12 1 2 Nilphamari 445 439 0 2 4 Noakhali 589 583 3 2 2 Pabna 627 620 2 5 0 Panchag arh 232 229 0 0 3 Patuakh ali

356 354 1 0 1 Pirojpur 288 234 14 38 1 Rajbari 221 221 0 0 0 Rajshahi 696 621 4 69 2 Rangamati 143 108 18 3 14 Rangpur

792 788 3 1 1 Satkhira 539 437 71 15 17 Shariatpur 262 261 1 0 0 Sherpur 386 385 0 1 0 Sirajganj 703 701 2 0 0 Sunamganj

511 488 14 5 4 Sylhet 574 446 55 61 12 Tangail 876 867 1 1 7 Thakurgaon 345 343 1 1 0


107

Table-H8: Households by type of cooking fuel used and residence (000)

Source of cooking fuel Total HH % Urban % Rural %

Total HH 33338 100 25386 100 7953 100 Fire wood 8903 26.7 6750 26.6 2153 27.1 Cow dung/straw/leaves 19409 58.2 17927 70.6 1482 18.6 Electricity 70 0.2 36 0.1 35 0.4 Natural gas(pipe line) 4411 13.2 455 1.8 3957 49.8 Cylender gas 417 1.3 189 0.7 229 2.9 Kerosine oil 57 0.2 3 0 54 0.7 Others 70 0.2 26 0.1 44 0.5

Table-H9: Households by type of toilet facilities and residence (000)

Toilet facility Total HH Urban Rural Total HH 33338 100.0 7953 100.0 25386 100.0 Senitary 7640 22.9 3180 40.0 4460 17.6 Pacca (water sealed) 3641 10.9 1518 19.1 2123 8.4 Pacca (not water sealed) 3825 11.5 1026 12.9 2799 11.0 Kacha (permanent) 6836 20.5 1089 13.7 5747 22.6 Kacha (temporary) 9291 27.9 981 12.3 8310 32.7 Open field 2104 6.3 158 2.0 1946 7.7

Table-H10: Households by land ownership (000)

Land ownership Total HH Urban Rural Total HH 33338 100.0 7953 100.0 25386 100.0 Landless 2896 8.7 1757 22.1 1139 4.5 0.01-0.49 acres 19374 58.1 4770 60.0 14604 57.5 0.50-0.99 acres 3381 10.1 458 5.8 2923 11.5 1.00-2.49 acres 5003 15.0 647 8.1 4356 17.2 2.50-7.49 acres 2276 6.8 257 3.2 2019 8.0 7.50+ acres 409 1.2 64 0.8 345 1.4


108

Table-H11: Households by main source of income and district

(000) District Main source of income of the household

Total HH Self-emplo yed

(agriculture)

Self-emplo yed

(non-agriculture)

Service Day labourer (agriculture)

Day labourer (non-

agriculture)

Others

Total 33338 7748 5774 5074 6251 4778 3714

Bagerhat 398 69 90 44 72 93 30

Bandarban 80 17 21 0 31 6 4

Barguna 231 57 46 22 19 50 37

Barisal 571 152 94 89 57 112 67

Bhola 385 132 68 27 51 69 38

Bogra 892 256 116 65 218 167 70

Brahmanbaria 526 86 69 84 111 84 92

Chandpur 554 58 89 108 109 79 112

Chittagong 1567 211 268 563 105 202 219

Chuadanga 293 91 57 23 78 34 10

Comilla 1048 271 138 198 118 123 200 Cox s Bazar 366 60 37 51 80 68 70

Dhaka 2658 44 616 1135 60 461 341

Dinajpur 770 186 182 75 210 65 52

Faridpur 422 92 30 60 110 72 58

Feni 306 48 50 59 15 43 91

Gaibandha 610 152 96 44 197 90 31

Gazipur 560 124 67 169 44 70 87

Gopalganj 259 88 31 39 54 29 17

Habiganj 396 134 35 23 117 46 41

Jamalpur 603 213 99 33 163 43 51

Jessore 662 226 155 72 119 53 37

Jhalokati 190 32 29 26 46 38 19

Jhenaid ah 439 180 43 36 114 42 26

Jo ypurhat 277 85 88 9 61 24 11

Khagrachhari 200 65 28 11 58 29 8

Khulna 600 86 108 135 117 106 48

Kishorgonj 681 176 98 73 124 148 62

Kurigram 509 145 88 26 195 41 14

Kushtia 515 118 106 62 102 87 40

Lakshmipur 409 46 72 100 58 56 76

Lalmonirhat 363 101 84 19 110 38 11

Madaripur 277 75 52 23 79 22 26

Magura 206 75 24 22 43 21 21

Manikganj 375 77 61 33 81 71 52

Maulvibazar 382 56 30 61 94 72 69

Meherpur 199 43 21 7 79 34 14


109

District Main source of income of the household

Total HH Self-emplo yed

(agriculture)

Self-emplo yed

(non-agriculture)

Service Day labourer (agriculture)

Day labourer (non-

agriculture)

Others

Munshiganj 247 40 55 39 32 24 58

Mymensingh 1238 412 191 142 280 130 82

Naogaon 801 265 165 10 232 44 84

Narail 178 49 46 17 37 13 16

Narayanganj 665 26 124 202 19 198 97

Narsingdi 400 87 93 63 17 43 97

Natore 477 167 57 47 131 40 35

Nawabganj 390 75 61 16 113 73 52

Netrakona 578 205 91 38 162 34 47

Nilphamari 445 77 90 40 126 94 18

Noakhali 589 116 70 101 65 86 152

Pabna 627 200 108 55 137 92 34

Panchag arh 232 60 82 16 46 22 6

Patuakh ali 356 106 57 44 50 61 39

Pirojpur 288 61 32 43 41 60 51

Rajbari 221 60 47 20 48 22 24

Rajshahi 696 198 141 96 131 52 78

Rangamati 143 26 29 22 34 20 11

Rangpur 792 212 113 48 202 175 43

Satkhira 539 147 103 25 138 81 45

Shariatpur 262 48 57 39 47 38 33

Sherpur 386 137 85 39 74 25 26

Sirajganj 703 155 96 82 160 138 72

Sunamganj 511 182 39 17 166 68 38

Sylhet 574 140 62 73 89 137 73

Tangail 876 209 254 101 88 93 132

Thakurgaon 345 161 38 13 88 29 17


110

Table-H12: Households by main source of income, households size and residence

(000) Main source of income Household size in group

Total HH 1 member

2-3 member

4-5 member

6-7 member

8-9 member

10+ member

Total

33338 852 9276 15407 5745 1507 551 Self -employ ed (agriculture) 7748 58 1608 3517 1716 583 266 Self -employ ed (non-agriculture) 5774 69 1378 2914 1061 267 85 Serv ice

5074 64 1620 2426 723 179 62 Day labourer (agriculture) 6251 74 1887 2992 1042 212 43 Day labourer (non-agriculture) 4778 118 1401 2293 780 154 33 Others

3714 469 1381 1265 424 112 62 Urban Total HH



929 71 360 352 112 22 12 Rural Total HH



2785 398 1022 913 312 90 50


111

Table-L1: Persons aged 15 years and over by work status, age group, sex and residence Sex Total Urban Rural

Labour force/economically active population

Not in labour force


Not in labour force


Not in labour force Total Employed Unemployed Total Employed Unemployed Total Employed Unemploye

d National (000)

Total 56651 54084 2566 38933 13278 12421 858 9887 43373 41664 1709 29046

15-19 5694 5089 606 8769 1401 1227 174 2450 4294 3862 432 6319

20-24 7476 6941 534 5710 1842 1660 182 1628 5633 5281 352 4082

25-29 7730 7313 418 3874 1812 1669 143 942 5918 5644 274 2932

30-34 7942 7611 331 3276 2260 2134 126 925 5682 5478 204 2351

35-39 6792 6643 149 2535 1435 1386 48 579 5358 5257 101 1956

40-44 6592 6436 156 2460 1539 1489 50 662 5053 4946 106 1798

45-49 5102 5014 88 1767 1105 1071 35 449 3996 3944 53 1318

50-54 3435 3339 95 2691 951 908 43 655 2484 2432 53 2036

55-59 2285 2220 64 2117 397 376 21 378 1888 1845 43 1739

60-64 1564 1524 40 1909 251 239 12 414 1313 1285 28 1495

65+ 2039 1954 86 3825 285 262 23 804 1754 1691 63 3021

Male (000)

Total 39477 37883 1594 8371 9276 8752 524 2296 30201 29131 1070 6074

15-19 3667 3292 375 3908 806 712 94 1005 2861 2580 281 2903

20-24 4503 4197 306 1426 1096 1000 96 418 3406 3196 210 1008

25-29 4935 4721 214 418 1168 1094 74 117 3767 3627 140 301

30-34 5207 5006 200 145 1560 1482 78 55 3647 3525 122 91

35-39 4553 4432 121 77 981 942 39 18 3572 3490 82 59

40-44 4554 4431 123 91 1132 1091 40 23 3422 3340 83 68

45-49 3586 3515 72 97 833 801 32 31 2753 2714 40 66

50-54 3150 3085 66 197 867 834 33 77 2283 2250 33 120

55-59 2052 2005 48 266 352 335 17 82 1701 1670 31 184

60-64 1459 1434 25 431 232 224 8 132 1227 1210 17 299

65+ 1811 1766 45 1315 250 237 13 339 1561 1529 32 976

Female(000)

Total 17174 16202 972 30563 4003 3669 334 7591 13172 12533 639 22972

15-19 2028 1796 231 4860 595 515 80 1445 1433 1281 152 3415

20-24 2973 2745 228 4284 746 660 86 1209 2227 2085 142 3075

25-29 2795 2592 203 3456 644 575 69 825 2151 2017 134 2630

30-34 2735 2605 130 3130 700 652 48 870 2035 1953 82 2260

35-39 2240 2211 29 2459 454 444 10 562 1786 1767 19 1897

40-44 2038 2005 33 2369 408 398 10 639 1630 1607 24 1731

45-49 1515 1499 16 1670 272 269 3 418 1243 1230 13 1252

50-54 284 255 30 2494 84 73 10 578 201 181 20 1916

55-59 232 216 17 1852 45 41 4 297 187 175 12 1555

60-64 105 90 15 1478 19 15 4 282 86 76 11 1196

65+ 228 188 40 2510 35 26 10 465 193 162 31 2044


112

Table-L2: Persons aged 15 years and over engaged in household (HH) work, student and others by sex and residence

(000) Total Urban Rural

Total student household work

others Total student household work

others Total student household work

others

Total Total 38933 7860 25972 5100 9887 2400 6213 1274 29046 5460 19759 3827

15-19 8769 5836 2323 609 2450 1674 624 152 6319 4163 1699 457

20-24 5710 1558 3876 276 1628 553 1009 66 4082 1005 2867 210

25-29 3874 324 3420 130 942 120 791 30 2932 204 2628 100

30-34 3276 61 3116 99 925 31 862 32 2351 30 2254 67

35-39 2535 14 2460 61 579 3 558 18 1956 12 1902 43

40-44 2460 10 2342 108 662 3 629 30 1798 7 1713 78

45-49 1767 13 1638 117 449 3 415 30 1318 9 1222 86

50-54 2691 10 2422 259 655 4 561 90 2036 6 1862 169

55-59 2117 8 1681 428 378 2 268 109 1739 7 1414 318

60-64 1909 7 1211 691 414 0 231 183 1495 6 980 508

65+ 3825 19 1483 2323 804 8 264 532 3021 11 1219 1791

male Total 8371 4553 1127 2690 2296 1310 231 756 6074 3243 897 1934

15-19 3908 3167 336 405 1005 849 58 99 2903 2318 278 307

20-24 1426 1080 193 153 418 349 35 35 1008 731 159 118

25-29 418 246 108 63 117 85 15 17 301 161 94 46

30-34 145 34 70 41 55 18 19 18 91 16 51 2335-39 77 3 49 25 18 1 8 9 59 2 41 15

40-44 91 0 48 43 23 0 11 12 68 0 37 31

45-49 97 3 32 62 31 1 11 19 66 2 21 43

50-54 197 4 59 135 77 1 24 52 120 3 35 82

55-59 266 5 45 216 82 1 9 71 184 4 36 144

60-64 431 4 51 376 132 0 11 121 299 4 40 255

65+ 1315 7 136 1172 339 4 31 303 976 3 105 869

femaleTotal 30563 3308 24845 2410 7591 1091 5982 518 22972 2217 18863 1892

15-19 4860 2669 1987 204 1445 825 567 53 3415 1845 1420 150

20-24 4284 479 3683 123 1209 204 975 31 3075 275 2708 92

25-29 3456 78 3311 67 825 35 777 13 2630 43 2534 53

30-34 3130 27 3046 58 870 13 843 15 2260 14 2203 44

35-39 2459 11 2411 36 562 2 551 9 1897 9 1861 27

40-44 2369 9 2294 66 639 3 617 19 1731 7 1676 47

45-49 1670 10 1606 54 418 3 404 11 1252 8 1202 43

50-54 2494 6 2364 124 578 3 537 38 1916 3 1827 86

55-59 1852 4 1636 212 297 0 258 38 1555 3 1378 174

60-64 1478 3 1160 315 282 0 220 62 1196 3 940 253

65+ 2510 12 1347 1151 465 4 233 228 2044 8 1114 922


113

Table-L3: Employed active persons aged 15 years and over by age group, sex and residence

Age group


Number (000) Total 54084 37883 16202 12421 8752 3669 41664 29131 12533

15-19 5089 3292 1796 1227 712 515 3862 2580 1281

20-24 6941 4197 2745 1660 1000 660 5281 3196 2085

25-29 7313 4721 2592 1669 1094 575 5644 3627 2017

30-34 7611 5006 2605 2134 1482 652 5478 3525 1953

35-39 6643 4432 2211 1386 942 444 5257 3490 1767

40-44 6436 4431 2005 1489 1091 398 4946 3340 1607

45-49 5014 3515 1499 1071 801 269 3944 2714 1230

50-54 3339 3085 255 908 834 73 2432 2250 181

55-59 2220 2005 216 376 335 41 1845 1670 175

60-64 1524 1434 90 239 224 15 1285 1210 76

65+ 1954 1766 188 262 237 26 1691 1529 162

Percent Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

15-19 9.4 8.7 11.1 9.9 8.1 14.0 9.3 8.9 10.2

20-24 12.8 11.1 16.9 13.4 11.4 18.0 12.7 11.0 16.6

25-29 13.5 12.5 16.0 13.4 12.5 15.7 13.5 12.5 16.1

30-34 14.1 13.2 16.1 17.2 16.9 17.8 13.1 12.1 15.6

35-39 12.3 11.7 13.6 11.2 10.8 12.1 12.6 12.0 14.1

40-44 11.9 11.7 12.4 12.0 12.5 10.9 11.9 11.5 12.8

45-49 9.3 9.3 9.3 8.6 9.2 7.3 9.5 9.3 9.8

50-54 6.2 8.1 1.6 7.3 9.5 2.0 5.8 7.7 1.4

55-59 4.1 5.3 1.3 3.0 3.8 1.1 4.4 5.7 1.4

60-64 2.8 3.8 .6 1.9 2.6 .4 3.1 4.2 .6

65+ 3.6 4.7 1.2 2.1 2.7 .7 4.1 5.3 1.3


114

Table-L4: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by age group, sex and residence

(000) Age group

Total Urban Rural


Number

Total 54084 37883 16202 12421 8752 3669 41664 29131 12533

15-19 5089 3292 1796 1227 712 515 3862 2580 1281

20-24 6941 4197 2745 1660 1000 660 5281 3196 2085

25-29 7313 4721 2592 1669 1094 575 5644 3627 2017

30-34 7611 5006 2605 2134 1482 652 5478 3525 1953

35-39 6643 4432 2211 1386 942 444 5257 3490 1767

40-44 6436 4431 2005 1489 1091 398 4946 3340 1607

45-49 5014 3515 1499 1071 801 269 3944 2714 1230

50-54 3339 3085 255 908 834 73 2432 2250 181

55-59 2220 2005 216 376 335 41 1845 1670 175

60-64 1524 1434 90 239 224 15 1285 1210 76

65+ 1954 1766 188 262 237 26 1691 1529 162

Percent

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

15-19 9.4 8.7 11.1 9.9 8.1 14.0 9.3 8.9 10.2

20-24 12.8 11.1 16.9 13.4 11.4 18.0 12.7 11.0 16.6

25-29 13.5 12.5 16.0 13.4 12.5 15.7 13.5 12.5 16.1

30-34 14.1 13.2 16.1 17.2 16.9 17.8 13.1 12.1 15.6

35-39 12.3 11.7 13.6 11.2 10.8 12.1 12.6 12.0 14.1

40-44 11.9 11.7 12.4 12.0 12.5 10.9 11.9 11.5 12.8

45-49 9.3 9.3 9.3 8.6 9.2 7.3 9.5 9.3 9.8

50-54 6.2 8.1 1.6 7.3 9.5 2.0 5.8 7.7 1.4

55-59 4.1 5.3 1.3 3.0 3.8 1.1 4.4 5.7 1.4

60-64 2.8 3.8 .6 1.9 2.6 .4 3.1 4.2 .6

65+ 3.6 4.7 1.2 2.1 2.7 .7 4.1 5.3 1.3

Table-L5: Economically active persons aged 15 years and over by marital status sex and residence


Total Urban Rural

Total Male Femal e Total Male Femal e Total Male Femal e

Number

Total 56651 39477 17174 13278 9276 4003 43373 30201 13172

Unmarried 9253 7701 1553 2443 1896 546 6811 5804 1006

Married 45835 31445 14390 10435 7299 3136 35400 24146 11254 W idowed 1169 257 912 275 59 216 894 198 696

Divorced 196 30 166 50 9 41 145 21 125

Separated 197 43 154 75 12 63 122 31 91 Percent

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0


115

Marital status

Total Urban Rural


Unmarried 16.3 19.5 9.0 18.4 20.4 13.7 15.7 19.2 7.6

Married 80.9 79.7 83.8 78.6 78.7 78.3 81.6 80.0 85.4

W idowed 2.1 .7 5.3 2.1 .6 5.4 2.1 .7 5.3

Divorced .3 .1 1.0 .4 .1 1.0 .3 .1 .9

Seperated .3 .1 .9 .6 .1 1.6 .3 .1 .7

Table-L6: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by marital status sex and residence


Total Urban Rural


Number

Total 54084 37883 16202 12421 8752 3669 41664 29131 12533

unmarried 8195 6897 1298 2115 1653 461 6080 5244 836

married 44456 30683 13774 9938 7023 2915 34518 23660 10859

widowed 1066 234 832 250 55 194 816 179 637

divorced 183 28 155 47 9 39 136 20 116

seperated 185 41 144 71 12 59 114 29 85

Percent

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

unmarried 15.2 18.2 8.0 17.0 18.9 12.6 14.6 18.0 6.7

married 82.2 81.0 85.0 80.0 80.2 79.5 82.8 81.2 86.6

widowed 2.0 .6 5.1 2.0 .6 5.3 2.0 .6 5.1

divorced .3 .1 1.0 .4 .1 1.1 .3 .1 .9

seperated .3 .1 .9 .6 .1 1.6 .3 .1 .7

Table-L7: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by economic category, sex and residence

(000) Economic category

Total Urban Rural


Economically Active Population/Labour Force

Emplo yed 54084 37883 16202 12421 8752 3669 41664 29131 12533

Unemplo yed 2566 1594 972 858 524 334 1709 1070 639

Not in labour force 41501 9965 31537 10746 2821 7924 30756 7145 23611

Student 7932 4625 3308 2417 1326 1091 5515 3299 2216

Household work 26833 1326 25507 6508 294 6213 20325 1032 19293

Others 6736 4014 2722 1821 1201 620 4916 2814 2102


116

Table-L8: Economically Active, employed and unemployed persons aged 15 years and over by literacy rate, sex and residence

(000) Residence Total employed unempl oyed

Total literate not-literate Total literate not-literate Total literate not-

literate

Total Total 56651 33987 22663 54084 32037 22048 2566 1951 616 Male 39477 23972 15505 37883 22725 15158 1594 1247 347 Femal e 17174 10015 7159 16202 9312 6890 972 703 269 Urban Total 13278 9509 3769 12421 8783 3638 858 727 131 male 9276 6785 2491 8752 6337 2415 524 448 76 female 4003 2725 1278 3669 2446 1223 334 279 55 Rural Total 43373 24478 18894 41664 23254 18410 1709 1224 484 Male 30201 17188 13013 29131 16388 12743 1070 800 270 Femal e 13172 7291 5881 12533 6866 5667 639 425 214

Table-L9: Persons aged 15 years and over by economically active population and labour force Participation rate (%), sex and residence

(000) Residence working ag e population economically active population Particip ation rate (%)

Total Male Femal e Total Male Femal e Total Male Femal e Total Total 95584 47847 47737 56651 39477 17174 59.3 82.5 36.0 15-19 14463 7575 6888 5694 3667 2028 39.4 48.4 29.4 20-24 13186 5929 7257 7476 4503 2973 56.7 75.9 41.0 25-29 11604 5353 6251 7730 4935 2795 66.6 92.2 44.7 30-34 11218 5352 5866 7942 5207 2735 70.8 97.3 46.6 35-39 9328 4629 4699 6792 4553 2240 72.8 98.3 47.7 40-44 8856 4645 4211 6396 4554 1842 72.2 98.0 43.7 45-49 6706 3683 3023 4939 3586 1352 73.6 97.4 44.7 50-54 6363 3347 3016 3672 3150 521 57.7 94.1 17.3 55-59 4524 2318 2206 2407 2052 354 53.2 88.5 16.1 60-64 3473 1890 1583 1564 1459 105 45.0 77.2 6.6 65+ 5864 3126 2738 2039 1811 228 34.8 57.9 8.3 Urban Total 23165 11572 11593 13278 9276 4003 57.3 80.2 34.5 15-19 3851 1811 2040 1401 806 595 36.4 44.5 29.2 20-24 3470 1515 1956 1842 1096 746 53.1 72.4 38.2 25-29 2754 1284 1469 1812 1168 644 65.8 90.9 43.8 30-34 3185 1615 1571 2260 1560 700 71.0 96.6 44.6 35-39 2014 998 1016 1435 981 454 71.2 98.2 44.7 40-44 2171 1155 1016 1509 1132 377 69.5 98.0 37.1 45-49 1521 864 657 1072 833 238 70.5 96.4 36.3 50-54 1644 944 700 989 867 122 60.2 91.8 17.5 55-59 801 434 368 423 352 71 52.8 81.1 19.3 60-64 665 364 301 251 232 19 37.7 63.7 6.2 65+ 1089 588 501 285 250 35 26.2 42.5 7.1


117

Residence working ag e population economically active population Particip ation rate (%) Total Male Femal e Total Male Femal e Total Male Femal e

Rural Total 72419 36275 36144 43373 30201 13172 59.9 83.3 36.4 15-19 10612 5764 4848 4294 2861 1433 40.5 49.6 29.6 20-24 9716 4414 5302 5633 3406 2227 58.0 77.2 42.0 25-29 8850 4069 4781 5918 3767 2151 66.9 92.6 45.0 30-34 8032 3737 4295 5682 3647 2035 70.7 97.6 47.4 35-39 7314 3631 3683 5358 3572 1786 73.3 98.4 48.5 40-44 6685 3490 3196 4887 3422 1465 73.1 98.1 45.8 45-49 5185 2819 2366 3867 2753 1114 74.6 97.7 47.1 50-54 4718 2403 2315 2682 2283 399 56.8 95.0 17.2 55-59 3723 1885 1838 1984 1701 283 53.3 90.2 15.4 60-64 2808 1526 1282 1313 1227 86 46.8 80.4 6.7 65+ 4775 2538 2237 1754 1561 193 36.7 61.5 8.6

Table-L10: Economically active persons aged 15 years and over by labour force participation rate (%), sex division and district

(000) Residence working ag e population economically active population Particip ation rate (%)

Total Male Femal e Total Male Femal e Total Male Femal e Barisal division Total 5964 3021 2943 3347 2399 949 56.1 79.4 32.2 Barguna 657 323 334 376 259 117 57.2 80.1 35.1 Barisal 1787 910 877 1004 720 285 56.2 79.1 32.5 Bhola 1114 575 538 659 453 207 59.2 78.7 38.4 Jhalokati 538 276 262 281 219 62 52.1 79.3 23.6 Patuakhali 1045 522 523 619 433 186 59.2 82.9 35.6 Pirojpur 824 414 410 408 316 92 49.5 76.2 22.6

Chittagong division Total 17392 8549 8843 9505 6764 2740 54.7 79.1 31.0 Bandarban 205 101 104 163 89 74 79.5 88.2 71.0 Brahmanbaria 1418 691 727 721 548 172 50.8 79.3 23.7 Chandpur 1710 854 856 808 642 166 47.3 75.2 19.4 Chittagong 4910 2450 2460 2759 1967 793 56.2 80.3 32.2 Comilla 3107 1460 1647 1780 1159 621 57.3 79.4 37.7 Cox's bazar 1144 608 536 607 465 142 53.1 76.5 26.5 Feni 933 437 496 498 343 155 53.3 78.4 31.2 Khagrachhari 602 299 303 410 249 161 68.1 83.3 53.1 Lakshmipur 1205 587 618 615 467 148 51.0 79.6 23.9 Noakhali 1707 849 858 861 651 210 50.4 76.7 24.5 Rangamati 453 215 237 284 184 100 62.8 85.7 42.0

Dhaka division Total 30451 15158 15293 18143 12580 5563 59.6 83.0 36.4 Dhaka 7500 3775 3725 4138 2959 1179 55.2 78.4 31.7 Faridpur 1189 595 593 614 480 133 51.6 80.6 22.5 Gazipur 1570 764 806 900 618 282 57.3 81.0 34.9 Gopalganj 837 427 409 450 321 129 53.8 75.1 31.5 Jamalpur 1570 783 787 1054 682 371 67.1 87.1 47.2 Kishorgonj 1988 996 992 1246 867 379 62.7 87.0 38.2 Madaripur 841 417 424 481 348 133 57.2 83.4 31.4 Manikganj 1085 530 555 581 429 152 53.5 80.8 27.4 Munshiganj 706 346 360 380 276 104 53.9 79.8 29.0


118

Residence working ag e population economically active population Particip ation rate (%) Total Male Femal e Total Male Femal e Total Male Femal e

Mymensingh 3419 1690 1729 2212 1482 730 64.7 87.7 42.2 Narayanganj 1922 967 955 1170 820 351 60.9 84.7 36.7 Narsingdi 1180 582 598 731 481 250 62.0 82.7 41.9 Netrakona 1642 817 825 1046 712 334 63.7 87.1 40.5 Rajbari 678 335 344 417 291 126 61.5 86.9 36.7 Shariatpur 789 395 393 451 330 121 57.2 83.5 30.8 Sherpur 1001 498 504 673 447 226 67.2 89.9 44.9 Tangail 2535 1239 1296 1600 1037 563 63.1 83.7 43.4 Khulna division Total 11537 5791 5746 6868 4776 2092 59.5 82.5 36.4 Bagerhat 1110 553 557 633 444 189 57.1 80.4 34.0 Chuadanga 843 427 416 509 362 147 60.4 84.8 35.4 Jessore 1901 965 936 1199 795 404 63.1 82.4 43.2 Jhenaidah 1199 605 594 748 500 247 62.4 82.7 41.7 Khulna 1805 894 911 976 714 262 54.1 79.8 28.7 Kushti a 1481 758 724 910 635 275 61.4 83.9 38.0 Magura 576 282 294 334 232 103 58.1 82.2 34.9 Meherpur 543 276 267 324 239 85 59.6 86.6 31.8 Narail 474 234 240 288 198 90 60.8 84.7 37.6 Satkhira 1605 798 807 947 657 290 59.0 82.3 35.9 Rajshahi division Total 24628 12511 12116 15462 10571 4890 62.8 84.5 40.4 Bogra 2386 1210 1176 1449 1001 449 60.7 82.7 38.1 Dinajpur 2142 1107 1035 1380 930 449 64.4 84.0 43.4 Gaibandha 1506 760 746 926 655 271 61.5 86.2 36.3 Joypurhat 741 382 359 487 326 161 65.7 85.4 44.8 Kurigram 1411 729 682 926 657 269 65.6 90.1 39.4 Lalmonirhat 990 506 485 670 443 227 67.6 87.5 46.8 Naogaon 2209 1120 1089 1494 981 514 67.7 87.6 47.2 Natore 1288 650 639 738 505 233 57.3 77.8 36.5 Nawabganj 1128 553 575 686 475 211 60.8 85.9 36.6 Nilphamari 1242 625 617 810 527 283 65.3 84.3 45.9 Pabna 1865 958 907 985 701 283 52.8 73.2 31.2 Panchagarh 662 338 324 475 310 166 71.8 91.6 51.1 Rajshahi 1867 931 936 1134 763 372 60.8 81.9 39.7 Rangpur 2091 1047 1045 1332 939 393 63.7 89.7 37.6 Sirajganj 2081 1084 997 1270 913 357 61.0 84.2 35.8 Thakurgaon 1018 513 505 701 448 253 68.9 87.3 50.2 Sylhet division Total 5612 2816 2796 3326 2386 940 59.3 84.7 33.6 Habiganj 1249 630 619 772 553 220 61.8 87.8 35.5 Maulvi bazar 1100 545 555 583 421 162 53.0 77.2 29.3 Sunamganj 1589 803 786 989 713 276 62.2 88.8 35.1 Syl het 1675 839 836 982 700 282 58.6 83.4 33.7


119

Table-L11: Economically active persons aged 15 years and over by labour force participation rate (%), sex division and district

(000) Residence Total Urban Rural


Barisal division

Total 3347 2399 949 429 305 124 2918 2094 825

Barguna 376 259 117 41 27 14 335 232 103

Barisal 1004 720 285 165 112 53 840 608 232

Bhola 659 453 207 78 56 23 581 397 184

Jhalokati 281 219 62 32 25 8 248 194 54

Patuakhali 619 433 186 59 44 15 560 389 171

Pirojpur 408 316 92 54 43 12 354 273 81

Chittagong division

Total 9505 6764 2740 2532 1807 725 6973 4958 2015

Bandarban 163 89 74 55 29 26 108 60 48

Brahmanbaria 721 548 172 90 74 16 630 474 156

Chandpur 808 642 166 158 115 43 650 527 123

Chittagong 2759 1967 793 1442 1018 424 1317 948 369

Comilla 1780 1159 621 185 133 52 1595 1026 569

Cox's bazar 607 465 142 113 93 20 495 372 122

Feni 498 343 155 52 38 15 446 305 140

Khagrachhari 410 249 161 122 76 47 287 173 114

Lakshmipur 615 467 148 110 83 28 504 384 120

Noakhali 861 651 210 128 97 31 733 554 179

Rangamati 284 184 100 76 51 24 209 133 75

Dhaka division

Total 18143 12580 5563 6548 4568 1980 11594 8012 3583

Dhaka 4138 2959 1179 3921 2795 1126 218 164 53

Faridpur 614 480 133 62 54 8 551 426 126

Gazipur 900 618 282 398 260 138 502 359 143

Gopalganj 450 321 129 33 25 8 417 296 121

Jamalpur 1054 682 371 162 100 63 891 583 309

Kishorgonj 1246 867 379 174 112 62 1071 755 316

Madaripur 481 348 133 39 31 8 443 317 125

Manikganj 581 429 152 55 42 14 525 387 138

Munshiganj 380 276 104 37 30 7 343 246 98

Mymensingh 2212 1482 730 352 243 110 1859 1239 620

Narayanganj 1170 820 351 716 497 218 455 322 132

Narsingdi 731 481 250 96 66 30 635 415 220

Netrakona 1046 712 334 128 86 42 918 626 292

Rajbari 417 291 126 47 32 14 370 259 112

Shariatpur 451 330 121 48 32 16 403 298 105

Sherpur 673 447 226 53 38 15 620 409 211


120

Residence Total Urban Rural


Tangail 1600 1037 563 227 125 102 1372 912 460

Khulna division

Total 6868 4776 2092 1224 864 361 5644 3913 1731

Bagerhat 633 444 189 82 55 26 552 389 163

Chuadanga 509 362 147 145 104 41 365 258 106

Jessore 1199 795 404 144 100 44 1055 695 361

Jhenaidah 748 500 247 99 63 36 649 438 211

Khulna 976 714 262 522 383 139 453 330 123

Kushti a 910 635 275 110 70 40 800 565 235

Magura 334 232 103 25 19 6 310 213 97

Meherpur 324 239 85 25 21 4 298 217 81

Narail 288 198 90 6 3 3 282 196 87

Satkhira 947 657 290 67 45 22 880 612 268

Rajshahi division

Total 15462 10571 4890 2144 1439 705 13318 9132 4186

Bogra 1449 1001 449 186 125 60 1263 875 388

Dinajpur 1380 930 449 161 104 57 1218 826 392

Gaibandha 926 655 271 70 56 14 855 599 257

Joypurhat 487 326 161 51 37 13 436 289 148

Kurigram 926 657 269 145 103 41 781 553 228

Lalmonirhat 670 443 227 101 67 34 568 375 193

Naogaon 1494 981 514 118 72 46 1376 909 468

Natore 738 505 233 95 63 33 643 442 201

Nawabganj 686 475 211 89 64 26 596 411 185

Nilphamari 810 527 283 122 76 46 689 451 238

Pabna 985 701 283 174 126 47 811 575 236

Panchagarh 475 310 166 55 34 21 420 275 145

Rajshahi 1134 763 372 376 250 126 758 512 246

Rangpur 1332 939 393 207 130 77 1125 809 316

Sirajganj 1270 913 357 138 93 45 1132 820 311

Thakurgaon 701 448 253 56 38 18 645 410 235

Sylhet division

Total 3326 2386 940 401 293 108 2924 2093 832

Habiganj 772 553 220 69 48 20 703 504 199

Maulvi bazar 583 421 162 61 46 16 522 375 147

Sunamganj 989 713 276 114 80 34 875 633 242

Syl het 982 700 282 157 119 38 825 581 244


121

Table-E1: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by division, district, sex and residence

(000)

Total Urban Rural


Bangladesh 54084 37883 16202 12421 8752 3669 41664 29131 12533

Barisal division

Total 3196 2300 895 398 284 114 2798 2017 781

Barguna 362 253 109 39 26 13 323 228 96

Barisal 965 696 269 154 104 49 811 592 220

Bhola 613 419 195 67 47 20 547 372 175

Jhalokati 268 209 59 32 24 7 236 185 52

Patuakhali 598 420 178 56 42 15 542 378 164

Pirojpur 389 304 85 50 41 9 339 263 76

Chittagong division

Total 8940 6393 2547 2368 1704 664 6572 4689 1884

Bandarban 156 85 71 55 29 26 102 56 45

Brahmanbaria 678 518 160 82 70 12 596 448 148

Chandpur 746 595 151 144 109 34 602 486 116

Chittagong 2618 1870 749 1359 958 401 1260 912 347

Comilla 1698 1108 589 172 125 47 1525 983 542

Cox's bazar 575 449 126 107 90 16 468 359 110

Feni 467 322 145 50 36 14 417 286 131

Khagrachhari 386 236 150 117 73 43 269 163 106

Lakshmipur 565 427 138 98 74 24 467 353 114

Noakhali 794 606 187 115 90 24 679 516 163

Rangamati 257 176 81 71 50 21 186 127 60

Dhaka division

Total 17119 11948 5172 6064 4272 1792 11056 7676 3379

Dhaka 3781 2721 1060 3599 2587 1012 182 134 48

Faridpur 600 475 125 59 53 6 541 422 120

Gazipur 818 575 243 365 248 117 453 327 126

Gopalganj 394 272 122 25 18 8 369 255 114

Jamalpur 1019 667 352 154 95 59 865 573 293

Kishorgonj 1197 849 348 161 108 53 1036 741 294

Madaripur 444 331 113 37 29 8 407 302 105

Manikganj 545 399 146 55 42 14 489 357 132

Munshiganj 354 258 96 36 29 7 318 229 89

Mymensingh 2146 1446 700 329 234 95 1818 1212 606

Narayanganj 1121 780 340 688 472 215 433 308 125

Narsingdi 675 453 222 87 59 27 589 394 195

Netrakona 1009 698 311 115 79 36 894 619 275


122

Total Urban Rural


Rajbari 402 288 114 39 30 9 363 258 105

Shariatpur 429 316 113 46 30 16 384 286 98

Sherpur 651 431 220 52 38 14 599 393 206

Tangail 1535 988 547 217 119 97 1318 869 449

Khulna division

Total 6626 4636 1990 1147 822 325 5479 3814 1665

Bagerhat 595 420 175 76 52 24 518 368 150

Chuadanga 496 356 141 139 102 37 357 254 104

Jessore 1178 782 396 139 97 41 1039 685 354

Jhenaidah 708 482 226 94 60 34 614 422 191

Khulna 918 683 235 475 360 115 443 323 120

Kushti a 883 617 266 105 66 40 778 552 227

Magura 330 231 99 25 19 6 306 212 93

Meherpur 318 236 82 25 21 4 293 214 79

Narail 278 188 89 5 2 3 273 186 86

Satkhira 921 641 281 63 43 20 858 597 261

Rajshahi division

Total 15083 10334 4749 2071 1393 678 13013 8941 4072

Bogra 1405 976 429 182 123 59 1223 852 370

Dinajpur 1349 910 439 159 103 56 1190 807 383

Gaibandha 903 642 262 70 56 14 833 585 247

Joypurhat 481 323 158 47 34 12 434 289 146

Kurigram 911 647 264 144 103 40 767 543 224

Lalmonirhat 645 425 220 94 61 34 551 364 187

Naogaon 1465 969 496 115 71 44 1350 898 452

Natore 711 484 228 91 58 33 621 426 195

Nawabganj 675 467 208 86 60 26 590 407 182

Nilphamari 795 518 277 117 73 44 678 445 233

Pabna 938 667 270 165 122 44 772 545 227

Panchagarh 467 305 162 53 34 19 414 271 143

Rajshahi 1109 749 361 358 241 116 752 508 244

Rangpur 1293 910 384 200 125 75 1093 784 309

Sirajganj 1239 898 341 133 90 44 1106 808 298

Thakurgaon 697 446 251 56 38 18 640 408 232

Syl het di vision

Total 3120 2272 848 373 277 96 2747 1995 752

Habiganj 749 540 210 67 48 20 682 492 190

Maulvi bazar 532 384 148 54 40 14 478 344 134

Sunamganj 944 691 253 107 78 29 837 613 224

Syl het 895 657 238 145 111 34 750 546 204


123

Table-E2: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by status in employment, sex and residence

(000) Status in employment


Number Total 54084 37883 16202 12421 8752 3669 41664 29131 12533


7876 6437 1439 3758 2876 882 4118 3560 558

Employer 119 89 30 24 22 2 95 67 28


12308 9767 2542 798 570 228 11510 9197 2314

Self employed (non-agri)

9714 8187 1528 2687 2379 308 7027 5807 1220


11787 2671 9116 2118 349 1769 9669 2322 7347


1486 1190 296 715 552 163 771 638 133

Day labourer (agri)

5792 5393 400 450 418 33 5342 4975 367

Day labourer (non-agri)

4838 4389 449 1783 1614 169 3055 2775 280

Servant 455 47 408 132 16 117 323 31 291

Percent Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0


14.6 17.0 8.9 30.3 32.9 24.0 9.9 12.2 4.4

Employer .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 .2 .2 .2


22.8 25.8 15.7 6.4 6.5 6.2 27.6 31.6 18.5


18.0 21.6 9.4 21.6 27.2 8.4 16.9 19.9 9.7


21.8 7.1 56.3 17.0 4.0 48.2 23.2 8.0 58.6


2.7 3.1 1.8 5.8 6.3 4.4 1.9 2.2 1.1

Day labourer (agri)

10.7 14.2 2.5 3.6 4.8 .9 12.8 17.1 2.9


8.9 11.6 2.8 14.4 18.4 4.6 7.3 9.5 2.2

Servant .8 .1 2.5 1.1 .2 3.2 .8 .1 2.3

Table-E3: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major industry, sex and residence

(000) BSIC Total Urban Rural

Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Number

Total 54084 37883 16202 12421 8752 3669 41664 29131 12533

Agriculture, fores try and fishing

25679 15174 10506 2981 1187 1794 22698 13987 8712

Mining and quarrying 109 93 17 24 22 1 86 70 15

Manufacturing 6731 4824 1907 2542 1694 848 4189 3130 1058


124

BSIC Total Urban Rural

Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning suppl y

96 91 5 49 45 4 47 46 1

Water suppl y; sewerage, was te management and remediation ac t

27 23 4 12 10 2 15 13 1

Construction 2617 2390 227 818 766 52 1799 1625 175

Whol esale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and mot

7540 6513 1027 2073 1922 151 5467 4591 876

Transportation and storage

3983 3738 245 1179 1140 39 2804 2598 206

Accommodation and food ser vice acti vities

831 775 56 253 238 15 578 537 41

Infor mati on and communication

55 52 3 21 21 1 34 32 2

Financial and insurance ac tiviti es

364 313 52 229 194 35 135 118 17

Real estate acti vities 35 33 2 25 25 0 10 8 2

Professional, sci entific and technical acti vities

115 93 22 62 57 5 53 37 17

Admi nistrati ve and support ser vice activiti es

487 443 44 285 261 24 202 182 20

Public administration and defence; compulsor y social security

539 503 36 257 233 24 282 270 12

Education 1285 959 326 418 274 144 867 685 182

Human health and social wor k acti vities

430 265 165 147 102 45 283 163 121

Arts, entertainment and recreati on

67 60 7 14 12 2 53 48 5

Other service acti vities 2358 1640 718 686 510 175 1672 1130 542

Activiti es of households as employers; undif ferentiated good

1006 161 845 396 87 309 610 74 536

Activiti es of extraterritorial organizations and bodi es

4 4 0 3 3 0 1 1 0

Percent Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Agriculture, fores try and fishing

47.5 40.1 64.8 24.0 13.6 48.9 54.5 48.0 69.5

Mining and quarrying 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 Manufacturing 12.4 12.7 11.8 20.5 19.4 23.1 10.1 10.7 8.4 Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning suppl y

0.2 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0


0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Construction 4.8 6.3 1.4 6.6 8.7 1.4 4.3 5.6 1.4 Whol esale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and mot

13.9 17.2 6.3 16.7 22.0 4.1 13.1 15.8 7.0


7.4 9.9 1.5 9.5 13.0 1.1 6.7 8.9 1.6

Accommodation and 1.5 2.0 0.3 2.0 2.7 0.4 1.4 1.8 0.3


125

BSIC Total Urban Rural

Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female food ser vice acti vities Infor mati on and communication

0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0

Financial and insurance ac tiviti es

0.7 0.8 0.3 1.8 2.2 0.9 0.3 0.4 0.1

Real estate acti vities 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Professional, sci entific and technical acti vities

0.2 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1


0.9 1.2 0.3 2.3 3.0 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.2


1.0 1.3 0.2 2.1 2.7 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.1

Education 2.4 2.5 2.0 3.4 3.1 3.9 2.1 2.4 1.5 Human health and social wor k acti vities

0.8 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.6 1.0

Arts, entertainment and recreati on

0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0

Other service acti vities 4.4 4.3 4.4 5.5 5.8 4.8 4.0 3.9 4.3 Activiti es of households as employers; undif ferentiated good

1.9 0.4 5.2 3.2 1.0 8.4 1.5 0.3 4.3


0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Table-E4: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by nature of work, sex and residence

(000) Work type


Number

Total 54084 37883 16202 12421 8752 3669 41664 29131 12533

Full time 51784 37399 14385 11944 8631 3313 39840 28768 11071

Part time 2525 702 1824 516 160 356 2009 542 1467

Percent Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Full time 95.7 98.7 88.8 96.2 98.6 90.3 95.6 98.8 88.3

Part time 4.7 1.9 11.3 4.2 1.8 9.7 4.8 1.9 11.7

Table-E5: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by sector of employment, sex and residence

(000) Sector of employment


Number

Total 54084 37883 16202 12421 8752 3669 41664 29131 12533

Informal 47350 32391 14959 9310 6337 2973 38040 26054 11986

Formal 6787 5542 1244 3128 2432 696 3659 3111 549


126

Sector of employment


Percent Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Informal 87.5 85.5 92.3 75.0 72.4 81.0 91.3 89.4 95.6

Formal 12.5 14.6 7.7 25.2 27.8 19.0 8.8 10.7 4.4

Table-E6 : Employed persons aged 15 years over by major industry, sector of employment and residence. (000)

Major industry

Sector of emp lo yment

Total informal formal

Total Total 54084 47350 6787

Agriculture, fores try and fishing 25679 24894 815

Mining and quarrying 109 106 3

Manufacturing 6731 4707 2037

Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning suppl y 96 40 56

Water suppl y; sewerage, was te management and remediation ac t 27 15 12

Construction 2617 2436 183

Whol esale and retail trade; r epair of motor vehicles and mot 7540 7043 505

Transportation and s torage 3983 3728 264

Accommodation and food ser vice acti vities 831 751 81

Infor mati on and communication 55 23 31

Financial and insur ance acti vities 364 69 300

Real estate acti vities 35 26 9

Professional, sci entific and technical acti vities 115 83 32

Admi nistrati ve and support ser vice acti vities 487 130 357

Public administration and defence; compulsory social securit 539 60 482

Education 1285 253 1055

Human health and social work acti vities 430 261 172

Arts, entertainment and recr eati on 67 58 9

Other service acti vities 2358 1985 376

Activiti es of househol ds as employers; undifferentiated good 1006 950 58

Activiti es of extraterritorial organizations and bodies 4 0 4

Urban Total 12421 9310 3128











127

Major industry









Education 418 105 316






Rural Total 41664 38040 3659























128

Table-E7:Employed persons aged 15 years and over in informal sector by age group, sex and residence

(000) Age group Total Urban Rural


Number

Total 47350 32391 14959 9310 6337 2973 38040 26054 11986 15-19 4413 2844 1568 919 553 365 3494 2291 1203 20-24 5975 3469 2506 1229 706 523 4747 2763 1983 25-29 6380 3980 2400 1256 786 470 5124 3194 1930 30-34

6519 4120 2399 1560 1012 549 4959 3108 1850 35-39 5930 3831 2099 1080 699 381 4850 3132 1718 40-44 5506 3795 1711 1094 776 318 4412 3019 1393 45-49 4267 2983 1284 778 572 206 3489 2411 1078 50-54 3029 2587 442 673 585 87 2357 2001 355 55-59

2055 1766 288 286 248 38 1769 1519 250 60-64 1418 1335 83 209 196 13 1208 1138 70 65+ 1859 1681 178 227 205 22 1632 1477 155

Number

Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 15-19 9.3% 8.8% 10.5% 9.9% 8.7% 12.3% 9.2% 8.8% 10.0% 20-24 12.6% 10.7% 16.8% 13.2% 11.1% 17.6% 12.5% 10.6% 16.5% 25-29 13.5% 12.3% 16.0% 13.5% 12.4% 15.8% 13.5% 12.3% 16.1% 30-34 13.8% 12.7% 16.0% 16.8% 16.0% 18.5% 13.0% 11.9% 15.4% 35-39 12.5% 11.8% 14.0% 11.6% 11.0% 12.8% 12.7% 12.0% 14.3% 40-44 11.6% 11.7% 11.4% 11.7% 12.2% 10.7% 11.6% 11.6% 11.6% 45-49 9.0% 9.2% 8.6% 8.4% 9.0% 6.9% 9.2% 9.3% 9.0% 50-54 6.4% 8.0% 3.0% 7.2% 9.2% 2.9% 6.2% 7.7% 3.0% 55-59 4.3% 5.5% 1.9% 3.1% 3.9% 1.3% 4.6% 5.8% 2.1% 60-64 3.0% 4.1% .6% 2.2% 3.1% .4% 3.2% 4.4% .6% 65+ 3.9% 5.2% 1.2% 2.4% 3.2% .8% 4.3% 5.7% 1.3%


129

Table-E8: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by place of work during last week, sex and residence

(000) Location of work Total Urban Rural


Number

Total 54084 37883 16202 12421 8752 3669 41664 29131 12533

no fixed place in o wn house

669 423 246 129 76 53 540 348 193

inside/fixed place of house

4241 2068 2173 689 344 345 3552 1724 1828

factory/workshop/shop etc

4775 3555 1220 2216 1628 588 2559 1927 632

farm or seperate agri land 25973 16251 9721 2605 974 1631 23368 15278 8090

customer's home 823 610 212 290 189 101 533 421 112

construction site 1773 1620 153 586 541 45 1187 1079 108

market, shop of market or business fair

5522 5269 253 1965 1888 76 3558 3380 177

fixed place of foothpath/highway

859 763 96 368 311 57 491 452 39

office location 3249 2662 587 1637 1292 346 1612 1370 241

emplo yer's house 1409 242 1167 376 88 288 1033 154 880

transportation/vehicle 2733 2690 43 891 873 18 1842 1817 25

no fixed premises (hawker, home to home)

704 650 54 202 182 20 502 469 34

others 1641 1357 284 519 416 104 1122 942 180

Percent

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

no fixed place in own house

1.2 1.1 1.5 1.0 .9 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.5

inside/fixed place of house

7.8 5.5 13.4 5.5 3.9 9.4 8.5 5.9 14.6

factory/workshop/shop etc

8.8 9.4 7.5 17.8 18.6 16.0 6.1 6.6 5.0

farm or seperate agri land

48.0 42.9 60.0 21.0 11.1 44.4 56.1 52.4 64.6

customer's home 1.5 1.6 1.3 2.3 2.2 2.7 1.3 1.4 .9

construction site 3.3 4.3 .9 4.7 6.2 1.2 2.8 3.7 .9

market, shop of market or business fair

10.2 13.9 1.6 15.8 21.6 2.1 8.5 11.6 1.4

fixed place of foothpath/highway

1.6 2.0 .6 3.0 3.6 1.6 1.2 1.6 .3

office location 6.0 7.0 3.6 13.2 14.8 9.4 3.9 4.7 1.9

employer's house 2.6 .6 7.2 3.0 1.0 7.8 2.5 .5 7.0

transportation/vehicle 5.1 7.1 .3 7.2 10.0 .5 4.4 6.2 .2

no fixed premises (hawker, home to home)

1.3 1.7 .3 1.6 2.1 .6 1.2 1.6 .3

others 3.0 3.6 1.8 4.2 4.7 2.8 2.7 3.2 1.4


130

Table-E9: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by weekly hours worked, sex and residence

(000) Hours worked in group

Total Urban Rural


Number

Total 54082 37882 16201 12419 8751 3668 41664 29131 12533

<15 hours 5940 1403 4537 987 158 829 4952 1245 3707

15-19 755 618 138 85 64 22 670 554 116

20-29 2236 806 1430 401 117 284 1835 689 1146

30-39 1028 857 172 214 161 53 814 695 119

40-49 16662 9841 6821 4303 2803 1499 12359 7038 5322

50-59 17774 15819 1955 3289 2762 527 14485 13057 1428

60 + hours 9687 8538 1148 3139 2685 453 6548 5853 695

Percent

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

<15 hours 11.0 3.7 28.0 8.0 1.8 22.6 11.9 4.3 29.6

15-19 1.4 1.6 .8 .7 .7 .6 1.6 1.9 .9

20-29 4.1 2.1 8.8 3.2 1.3 7.8 4.4 2.4 9.1

30-39 1.9 2.3 1.1 1.7 1.8 1.4 2.0 2.4 .9

40-49 30.8 26.0 42.1 34.6 32.0 40.9 29.7 24.2 42.5

50-59 32.9 41.8 12.1 26.5 31.6 14.4 34.8 44.8 11.4

60 + hours 17.9 22.5 7.1 25.3 30.7 12.4 15.7 20.1 5.5


131

Table-E10: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major industry and mode of payment of wage & salary

(000) Major industry Mode of salary/wages

Total Daily W eekly Monthly Piece rate basis

Others

Bangladesh 26814 10260 714 8313 86 7510

agriculture, for estry and fishing 9676 5806 127 779 3 3008

mining and quarrying 59 46 1 5 0 7

manufacturing 4387 658 310 2570 25 835

electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning suppl y 83 12 1 59 1 10

water suppl y; sewerage, waste management and remediation ac t

22 5 0 15 0 2

constructi on 1898 1431 132 204 5 138

wholesal e and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and mot

3351 351 42 799 10 2158

transportation and storage 2251 1291 31 382 11 548

accommodation and food service acti vities 427 77 8 121 4 217

information and communicati on 46 2 1 37 0 7

financi al and insurance acti vities 350 5 2 302 2 44

real estate acti vities 27 1 0 13 0 14

professional, scientific and technical ac tiviti es 81 4 1 48 0 27

administrati ve and support service acti vities 453 25 2 375 4 47

public administration and defence; compulsor y social securit

528 9 3 493 1 26

education 1187 9 2 1110 0 84

human health and social wor k acti vities 341 5 0 272 1 65

arts, entertainment and r ecreati on 51 21 3 17 0 11

other ser vice ac tiviti es 1295 429 42 471 18 339

activiti es of househol ds as employers; undif ferentiated good

494 138 11 293 2 54

activiti es of extr aterritorial organizations and bodi es

4 0 1 3 0 0

Urban 8048 2164 227 3884 42 1749



manufacturing 2212 256 115 1517 10 318



11 0 0 10 0 1

constructi on 645 454 40 91 3 61


1192 151 19 398 2 625







132

Major industry Mode of salary/wages

Total Daily W eekly Monthly Piece rate basis

Others




249 5 1 232 0 12

education 380 3 0 348 0 33





248 62 8 140 2 38


3 0 1 2 0 0

Rural 18766 8096 487 4429 44 5761



manufacturing 2174 402 195 1053 15 516



11 5 0 5 0 2

constructi on 1253 977 93 114 3 76


2159 201 22 401 7 1533









279 4 2 261 1 14

education 807 6 2 761 0 51





246 76 4 152 0 16


1 0 0 1 0 0


133

Table-E11: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major occupation and residence

(000) Major occupation ISCO 88

Total Urban Rural


Number

Total 54084 37883 16202 12421 8752 3669 41664 29131 12533

Special o ccupation 36 36 0 18 18 0 18 18 0

Lagislators, senior officials and man agers

653 557 96 294 268 26 359 289 70

Professionals 1540 1195 346 559 400 158 982 794 187

Technicians and asso ciated professionals

861 692 170 358 304 54 503 387 116

Clerks 1009 906 104 428 378 49 582 528 54

Service workers and shop and market sales workers

9464 7818 1646 2483 2252 231 6980 5565 1415

Skilled agricultural and fishery workers

7397 6927 471 642 596 46 6755 6331 424

Craft and releted trade workers

4902 3636 1267 1453 1131 321 3449 2504 945

Plant and machin e operators and assemblers

3126 2357 769 1631 1074 558 1495 1283 212

Elementary occupations

25366 14026 11341 4600 2373 2227 20766 11652 9114

Percent Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Special occupation .1 .1 .0 .1 .2 .0 .0 .1 .0

Lagislators, senior officials and managers

1.2 1.5 .6 2.4 3.1 .7 .9 1.0 .6

Professionals 2.8 3.2 2.1 4.5 4.6 4.3 2.4 2.7 1.5

Technicians and associated professionals

1.6 1.8 1.0 2.9 3.5 1.5 1.2 1.3 .9

Clerks 1.9 2.4 .6 3.4 4.3 1.3 1.4 1.8 .4

Service workers and shop and market sales workers

17.5 20.6 10.2 20.0 25.7 6.3 16.8 19.1 11.3


13.7 18.3 2.9 5.2 6.8 1.3 16.2 21.7 3.4

Craft and related trade workers

9.1 9.6 7.8 11.7 12.9 8.8 8.3 8.6 7.5

Plant and machine operators and assemblers

5.8 6.2 4.7 13.1 12.3 15.2 3.6 4.4 1.7


46.9 37.0 70.0 37.0 27.1 60.7 49.8 40.0 72.7


134

Table-E12: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by weekly hours worked, status in employment, sex and residence.

(000) Status in emplo yment bangladesh

Hours worked in group

Total <15 hours 15-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60 + hours

Number

Total 54082 5940 755 2236 1028 16662 17774 9687

Regular paid emplo yee

7876 3 3 1 85 3923 2227 1634

Emplo yer 119 0 1 0 2 28 60 28

Self emp lo yed ( agri) 12308 341 405 341 65 3723 4086 3347

Self emp lo yed (non-agri)

9714 141 148 286 250 2711 3615 2564


11787 5459 206 1608 470 3314 562 167

Irregular paid wo rker 1486 2 0 7 14 422 652 390

Day labourer (agri) 5792 2 5 5 34 1035 4261 451


4837 2 1 9 110 1498 2149 1069

Servant 455 0 0 1 4 75 274 101

Male 37882 1403 618 806 857 9841 15819 8538


6437 3 3 0 66 3171 1870 1324

Emplo yer 89 0 1 0 2 17 49 20



8187 104 113 252 228 1793 3216 2481


2671 1022 159 250 377 191 516 157




4388 2 1 8 87 1337 1924 1028

Servant 47 0 0 0 0 10 20 17

Female 16201 4537 138 1430 172 6821 1955 1148


1439 0 0 1 18 753 357 310

Emplo yer 30 0 0 0 0 12 11 8



1528 36 34 34 23 918 399 84


9116 4437 48 1359 93 3123 46 10




449 0 0 1 23 160 224 40

Servant 408 0 0 1 4 66 254 83

Urban total 12419 987 85 401 214 4303 3289 3139


3758 1 1 0 29 1936 715 1076


135

Status in emplo yment bangladesh



Emplo yer 24 0 0 0 1 6 11 6



2687 34 32 65 55 608 928 964


2118 918 18 308 52 699 77 45




1782 0 0 4 55 512 674 537

Servant 132 0 0 0 3 25 68 35

Urban male 8751 158 64 117 161 2803 2762 2685


2876 1 1 0 20 1489 551 813

Emplo yer 22 0 0 0 1 5 10 6



2379 23 25 56 45 505 810 916


349 115 9 36 43 31 71 44




1613 0 0 4 36 447 604 522

Servant 16 0 0 0 0 3 5 7

Urban female 3668 829 22 284 53 1499 527 453


882 0 0 0 9 446 164 262

Emplo yer 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0



308 11 8 10 10 103 119 48


1769 803 9 272 9 668 6 1




169 0 0 0 19 65 70 15

Servant 117 0 0 0 3 22 63 28

Rural total 41664 4952 670 1835 814 12359 14485 6548


4118 2 2 1 55 1988 1512 558

Emplo yer 95 0 1 0 1 22 49 22



7027 106 115 221 195 2103 2686 1600


9669 4541 188 1301 418 2615 485 122




136

Status in emplo yment bangladesh




3055 2 1 5 55 986 1475 531

Servant 323 0 0 0 1 50 206 65

Rural male 29131 1245 554 689 695 7038 13057 5853


3560 2 2 0 46 1681 1319 510

Emplo yer 67 0 1 0 1 12 39 14



5807 81 89 196 182 1288 2407 1565


2322 907 149 214 334 160 445 113




2775 2 1 4 51 890 1320 506

Servant 31 0 0 0 0 7 15 10

Rural female 12533 3707 116 1146 119 5322 1428 695


558 0 0 1 9 306 193 48

Emplo yer 28 0 0 0 0 11 10 8



1220 25 27 25 13 815 280 36


7347 3634 39 1087 84 2455 40 9




280 0 0 1 4 95 154 25

Servant 291 0 0 0 1 43 191 55


137

Table-E13: Salaried persons aged 15 years and over by monthly income, sex and residence Monthly earnings in group

Total Urban Rural


Number (000)

Total 32328 28522 3806 9259 7687 1573 23069 20835 2233

<1500 456 306 150 61 41 20 395 266 129

1500-1999 1262 1021 241 213 139 74 1049 882 167

2000-2499 2724 2342 382 612 430 182 2112 1912 200

2500-2999 2540 2269 271 446 344 102 2094 1924 169

3000-3999 3703 3387 316 812 660 152 2892 2727 165

4000-4999 5678 5311 367 1527 1325 201 4151 3985 166

5000-5999 2861 2742 119 689 643 47 2172 2099 72

6000-6999 2977 2609 368 919 818 101 2057 1791 267

7000-7999 1691 1308 383 549 387 163 1142 922 220

8000-8999 3135 2598 537 1052 848 204 2082 1750 333

9000-9999 969 786 184 329 251 78 640 535 106

10000-12499 2515 2156 359 961 796 165 1554 1360 194

12500-14999 370 336 33 171 155 16 199 182 17

15000-17499 420 394 26 249 230 19 170 164 7

17500-19999 93 85 8 60 55 5 34 30 3

20000-24999 432 403 29 268 248 20 164 155 9

25000-29999 105 98 7 69 62 7 36 36 0 30000-34999 107 100 7 71 65 6 36 35 1

35000+ 291 271 20 201 189 12 90 82 8

Percent

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

<1500 1.4 1.1 3.9 .7 .5 1.3 1.7 1.3 5.8

1500-1999 3.9 3.6 6.3 2.3 1.8 4.7 4.5 4.2 7.5

2000-2499 8.4 8.2 10.0 6.6 5.6 11.6 9.2 9.2 8.9

2500-2999 7.9 8.0 7.1 4.8 4.5 6.5 9.1 9.2 7.6

3000-3999 11.5 11.9 8.3 8.8 8.6 9.6 12.5 13.1 7.4

4000-4999 17.6 18.6 9.6 16.5 17.2 12.8 18.0 19.1 7.4

5000-5999 8.8 9.6 3.1 7.4 8.4 3.0 9.4 10.1 3.2

6000-6999 9.2 9.1 9.7 9.9 10.6 6.4 8.9 8.6 11.9

7000-7999 5.2 4.6 10.1 5.9 5.0 10.4 4.9 4.4 9.9

8000-8999 9.7 9.1 14.1 11.4 11.0 13.0 9.0 8.4 14.9

9000-9999 3.0 2.8 4.8 3.6 3.3 4.9 2.8 2.6 4.7

10000-12499 7.8 7.6 9.4 10.4 10.3 10.5 6.7 6.5 8.7

12500-14999 1.1 1.2 .9 1.8 2.0 1.0 .9 .9 .8

15000-17499 1.3 1.4 .7 2.7 3.0 1.2 .7 .8 .3

17500-19999 .3 .3 .2 .6 .7 .3 .1 .1 .1

20000-24999 1.3 1.4 .8 2.9 3.2 1.3 .7 .7 .4 25000-29999 .3 .3 .2 .7 .8 .4 .2 .2 .0

30000-34999 .3 .4 .2 .8 .8 .4 .2 .2 .0

35000+ .9 1.0 .5 2.2 2.5 .7 .4 .4 .4


138

Table-E14: Day labourer aged 15 years and over by weekly income, sex and residence

(000) W eekly earnings in group

Total Urban Rural


Number

Total 10634 9785 849 2235 2033 202 8400 7752 647

<= 500 1125 943 182 168 135 33 956 808 149

501-1000 4098 3861 237 726 681 44 3372 3179 192

1001-1500 3164 3082 82 708 687 21 2456 2395 61

1501-2000 1844 1565 279 492 409 83 1352 1156 196

2001+ 404 334 70 140 120 20 264 215 50

Percent

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

<= 500 10.6 9.6 21.4 7.5 6.7 16.3 11.4 10.4 23.0

501-1000 38.5 39.5 27.9 32.5 33.5 22.0 40.1 41.0 29.7

1001-1500 29.8 31.5 9.6 31.7 33.8 10.5 29.2 30.9 9.4

1501-2000 17.3 16.0 32.9 22.0 20.1 41.4 16.1 14.9 30.2

2001+ 3.8 3.4 8.2 6.3 5.9 9.8 3.1 2.8 7.7

Table-E15: Day labourer aged 15 years and over by weekly average wage rate and industry

(000) Major industry weekly earn ings in group

Total <= 500 501-1000 1001-1500 1501-2000 2001+

Total 10584 1113 4082 3154 1831 403

Agricu lture, forestry and fishing

5868 808 2477 1532 897 153

Mining and quarrying 48 4 5 23 10 5

Manufacturing 756 71 269 178 213 24

Electricit y, gas, steam and air conditioning supply

14 1 4 5 3 1

W ater supply; sewerag e, waste management and remediation act

5 0 4 1 1 0

Construction 1545 88 570 595 212 81

Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and mot

329 22 97 106 84 19

Transportation and storage 1328 61 463 511 230 63

Accommodation and food service activities

74 15 19 20 14 6

Information and communication

2 0 0 0 1 0

Financial and insuran ce activities

2 0 0 2 0 0

Real estate activities 2 0 0 0 2 0

Professional, scientific and technical activities

5 0 0 2 3 0

Administrative and support service activities

24 1 8 5 6 3


139

Major industry weekly earn ings in group

Total <= 500 501-1000 1001-1500 1501-2000 2001+

Public administration and defence; compulsory social securit y

1 0 0 0 1 0

Education 9 1 2 0 5 1

Human health and social work activities

5 2 1 1 1 0

Arts, entertainment and recreation

24 0 14 4 3 1

Other service activities 440 22 131 162 104 20

Activities of households as emplo yers; undifferentiated good

144 18 26 24 51 25

Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies

1 0 0 0 1 0

Table-E16: Average wage rate of day labourer (agri. & non-agri.) 15 years and over by sex and residence

Sex Bangladesh Urban Rural Total 183.20 199.88 178.77

Male 184.35 200.05 180.24

Female 169.91 198.14 161.10

Table-E17: Average annual growth rural non-farm economic activities 2005-06 to 2010

(000) Rural non-farm economic activities 2005-06 2010 Growth rate Manufacturing 3086 4188 8.9 Electricity, gas and water supply 40 62 13.8 Construction 1006 1799 19.7 Whole sale 4513 5467 5.3 Hotel & restaurant 462 578 6.3 Transport 2670 2804 1.3 Financial 186 135 -6.9


140

Table-E18: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by industry, age group and residence

(000) Industry age group

Total 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+ Bangladesh Total 54084 5089 6941 7313 7611 6643 6246 4851 3570 2342 1524 1954 agriculture, for estry and fishing

25679 2354 3972 3660 2986 2070 2742 2452 1648 1244 1062 1491

mining and quarrying

109 30 13 17 12 12 8 5 3 5 2 2

manufacturing 6731 866 954 1005 958 832 594 678 448 255 65 77 electricity, gas, steam and air conditi oning suppl y

96 9 17 8 13 12 14 6 13 2 0 1

water suppl y; sewerage, was te management and remediation ac t

27 1 3 2 1 5 3 3 4 1 1 3

constructi on 2617 337 368 359 359 317 346 168 161 108 55 39 wholesal e and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and mot

7540 413 588 790 1026 1836 1103 680 500 297 146 161


3983 256 376 612 727 722 598 268 218 121 51 36

accommodation and food ser vice activiti es

831 106 96 73 116 120 103 83 62 33 13 26


55 5 6 6 8 4 10 2 8 2 1 3

financi al and insurance ac tiviti es

364 7 34 53 74 42 39 39 50 19 3 4

real estate acti vities 35 3 0 5 6 4 7 4 2 1 3 0 professional, scientific and technical acti vities

115 9 8 14 18 12 19 12 12 4 2 4

administrati ve and support ser vice activiti es

487 15 33 59 91 54 65 56 68 27 11 9


539 16 47 52 82 66 87 73 62 30 17 7

education 1285 38 90 140 243 215 180 136 124 88 23 10 human health and social wor k acti vities

430 7 29 40 128 52 51 37 40 23 9 14

arts, entertainment and recreati on

67 4 11 7 7 7 7 10 7 3 1 2

other ser vice activiti es

2358 564 267 280 336 237 236 139 124 75 51 50

activiti es of households as employers; undif ferentiated good

1006 52 41 156 458 68 80 33 47 29 20 20

activiti es of extraterritorial organizations and bodi es

4 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Urban Total 12421 1227 1660 1669 2134 1386 1460 1037 945 401 239 262 agriculture, for estry and fishing

2981 277 497 427 416 314 359 276 156 93 70 96


24 5 2 3 3 2 3 1 1 1 1 1

manufacturing 2542 452 446 400 414 223 214 154 120 63 29 29 electricity, gas, 49 4 8 4 9 5 6 3 10 1 0 0


141

Industry age group Total 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+

steam and air conditi oning suppl y water suppl y; sewerage, was te management and remediation ac t

12 0 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 0 1


2073 143 234 230 335 284 248 199 230 80 45 46


1179 66 122 162 245 165 161 92 97 27 24 18


253 31 29 26 29 29 36 25 22 8 5 12


21 3 2 1 4 3 3 1 0 0 1 2


229 6 18 28 44 26 26 26 40 12 1 3


62 2 3 5 13 6 13 7 9 2 1 0


285 4 18 23 59 35 42 31 49 12 6 6


257 8 16 22 42 33 43 37 34 10 6 5


147 3 13 18 21 19 25 13 18 8 4 6


14 0 1 1 3 1 1 3 3 0 0 0


686 97 83 91 121 72 70 56 51 18 11 16


396 27 24 62 155 34 38 17 18 9 8 5


3 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rural Total 41664 3862 5281 5644 5478 5257 4787 3815 2624 1941 1285 1691 agriculture, for estry and fishing

22698 2076 3474 3234 2570 1756 2383 2176 1491 1151 992 1395


86 25 11 14 9 11 5 4 2 4 1 1

manufacturing 4189 414 508 605 544 609 380 524 328 191 37 48 electricity, gas, steam and air conditi oning suppl y

47 5 9 5 4 8 8 3 3 1 0 1

water suppl y; sewerage, was te management and remediation ac t

15 1 2 1 0 2 1 2 3 0 1 2


5467 270 355 560 692 1552 855 480 270 217 101 116


142

Industry age group Total 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+


2804 189 253 450 482 558 437 176 121 94 26 18


578 75 67 48 86 91 66 58 40 24 8 13


34 2 4 5 4 1 6 1 8 2 0 1


135 1 16 25 30 16 13 13 10 7 2 1


53 7 5 10 5 6 5 5 3 2 2 4


202 11 16 35 32 19 23 25 19 14 5 3


282 8 30 30 40 33 44 36 28 20 11 2


283 5 16 22 107 33 26 23 22 16 5 8


53 4 10 6 4 6 6 7 4 3 1 2


1672 466 184 189 216 165 165 83 73 57 40 34


610 25 17 94 303 34 42 17 29 20 12 16


1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


143

Table-E19: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major industry, status in employment, sex and residence

(000) Maj or industry Status in employment

Total Regular paid

employee

Employer Self employed

(agri)

Self employed (non-a gri)

Unpaid family

worker

Irregular paid

worker

Day labourer

(agri)

Day labourer

(non-agri)

Serv ant

Bangladesh 54084 7876 119 12308 9714 11787 1486 5792 4838 455 Agriculture, forestry and fishing

25679 748 23 7982 1518 9559 116 5526 383 31

Mining and quarr ying 109 5 1 4 30 20 2 17 30 0 Manufacturing 6731 2553 20 1267 1023 567 559 65 696 24 Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioni ng supply

96 58 0 0 19 2 2 0 14 1

Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation act

27 14 0 1 4 1 1 0 5 1

Construction 2617 190 3 65 710 30 80 87 1470 15 Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor v ehicles and mot

7540 756 19 2499 3318 444 230 40 297 43

Transportation a nd storage

3983 381 6 474 1620 80 137 35 1298 1

Accommodati on and food serv ice activ ities

831 117 6 114 379 101 49 5 71 4

Information a nd communication

55 37 2 2 11 0 1 1 1 0

Financial and insurance activ ities

364 302 5 2 25 2 32 0 2 0

Real estate activ ities 35 13 1 0 15 1 3 0 2 0 Professional, scientific and technical activ ities

115 40 3 5 48 2 3 0 5 9

Administrativ e and support serv ice activ ities

487 375 1 6 51 7 25 2 22 0

Public administration and defence; compulsor y social securit

539 503 1 5 13 0 22 0 1 0

Education 1285 1089 22 18 106 3 46 2 7 21 Human health and social work activ ities

430 186 1 10 124 10 15 2 3 86


67 17 0 7 14 3 2 2 22 1

Other serv ice activ ities

2358 469 7 36 778 505 136 11 434 3

Activ ities of households as employers; undifferentiated good

1006 73 1 9 53 469 42 17 127 220

Activ ities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies

4 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

Male 37883 6437 89 9767 8187 2671 1190 5393 4389 47 Agriculture, forestry and fishing

15174 667 19 6585 679 1798 98 5167 350 15


91 54 0 0 19 2 2 0 14 1


23 14 0 1 2 0 1 0 5 0

Construction 2390 164 3 60 662 24 72 81 1356 0 Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor

6513 726 10 1804 3192 354 218 30 279 7


144

Maj or industry Status in employment Total Regular

paid employee


(agri)


Unpaid family

worker

Irregular paid

worker

Day labourer

(agri)

Day labourer

(non-agri)

Serv ant

v ehicles and mot Transportation a nd storage

3738 369 6 326 1591 42 135 34 1282 1


775 109 3 111 371 79 44 5 67 0


52 36 2 1 11 0 1 1 1 0


313 263 5 1 20 2 26 0 2 0


93 35 1 3 44 2 3 0 4 1


443 336 1 5 50 5 25 2 20 0


503 477 1 5 11 0 15 0 0 0


265 124 1 7 112 9 12 2 2 0


60 17 0 4 12 3 2 2 21 0


1640 416 4 29 615 51 126 11 406 1


161 31 0 3 34 0 13 5 63 15


4 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

Female 16202 1439 30 2542 1528 9116 296 400 449 408 Agriculture, forestry and fishing

10506 81 4 1396 839 7761 18 359 33 15


5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


4 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 1


1027 30 9 695 126 90 12 10 18 36


245 12 0 148 29 38 2 1 16 0


56 8 3 3 7 22 5 0 4 4


3 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0


52 40 0 1 5 0 7 0 0 0


22 5 2 3 3 0 0 0 1 7


44 39 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 0


36 26 0 0 2 0 7 0 1 0


145


paid employee


(agri)


Unpaid family

worker

Irregular paid

worker

Day labourer

(agri)

Day labourer

(non-agri)

Serv ant


165 61 0 2 11 0 3 0 1 86


7 0 0 3 2 0 0 0 1 1


718 53 3 7 164 454 9 0 28 2


845 41 1 6 19 469 30 13 64 205


0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rural 41664 4118 95 11510 7027 9669 771 5342 3055 323 Agriculture, forestry and fishing

22698 642 21 7429 1314 7936 87 5128 291 29


47 27 0 0 10 1 1 0 7 1


15 5 0 1 3 0 0 0 5 0


5467 366 13 2346 2185 300 122 32 162 35


2804 203 4 442 1303 63 52 26 748 1


578 71 4 104 256 77 29 3 43 2


34 20 2 2 7 0 0 1 1 0


135 106 3 2 15 1 11 0 1 0


53 12 3 5 17 1 2 0 4 8


202 163 0 6 13 4 7 2 9 0


282 266 0 4 6 0 9 0 1 0


283 81 1 8 95 7 5 2 3 86


53 11 0 6 11 3 1 2 20 0


1672 254 6 31 569 438 88 9 296 1


610 24 1 6 22 342 11 16 63 128


1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rural Male 29131 3560 67 9197 5807 2322 638 4975 2775 31 Agriculture, forestry and fishing

13987 580 16 6158 563 1703 71 4795 263 14

Mining and quarr ying 70 1 1 3 24 8 2 15 17 0 Manufacturing 3130 850 11 951 530 244 205 46 323 1 Electricity, gas, 46 26 0 0 10 1 1 0 7 1


146


paid employee


(agri)


Unpaid family

worker

Irregular paid

worker

Day labourer

(agri)

Day labourer

(non-agri)

Serv ant

steam and air conditioni ng supply Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation act

13 5 0 1 2 0 0 0 5 0


4591 349 5 1725 2093 218 112 25 153 5


2598 198 4 306 1280 32 51 26 741 1


537 67 2 101 251 56 26 3 42 0


32 19 2 1 7 0 0 1 1 0


118 94 3 1 9 1 11 0 1 0


37 10 1 3 16 1 2 0 4 0


182 146 0 5 13 3 7 2 8 0


270 257 0 4 5 0 8 0 0 0


163 59 1 6 85 7 5 2 2 0


48 11 0 4 9 3 1 2 19 0


1130 225 3 25 486 37 83 9 280 1


74 14 0 3 18 0 4 4 24 8


1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rural Female 12533 558 28 2314 1220 7347 133 367 280 291 Agriculture, forestry and fishing

8712 62 4 1272 751 6233 16 333 28 14


1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0


876 17 8 620 92 81 10 8 9 30


206 5 0 136 23 31 2 1 8 0


41 3 3 3 5 21 2 0 1 2


2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0


17 12 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 0

Real estate activ ities 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 Professional, 17 3 2 3 1 0 0 0 1 7


147


paid employee


(agri)


Unpaid family

worker

Irregular paid

worker

Day labourer

(agri)

Day labourer

(non-agri)

Serv ant

scientific and technical activ ities Administrativ e and support serv ice activ ities

20 17 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0


12 10 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0


121 23 0 2 9 0 0 0 1 86


5 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 0


542 29 3 5 83 401 6 0 16 0


536 10 1 3 5 342 7 12 39 121


0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Urban 12421 3758 24 798 2687 2118 715 450 1783 132 Agriculture, forestry and fishing

2981 107 3 552 204 1623 29 398 92 2


49 31 0 0 9 1 1 0 7 0


12 9 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1


2073 390 6 154 1133 144 108 8 135 9


1179 178 2 32 317 17 85 9 550 0


253 46 2 10 123 24 20 2 28 1


21 16 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 0


229 196 2 0 10 1 22 0 1 0


62 27 0 0 31 0 1 0 1 1


285 213 1 0 38 3 18 0 13 0


257 236 1 0 7 0 13 0 0 0


147 104 0 1 29 3 10 0 0 0


14 6 0 1 3 0 1 0 3 0


686 214 1 5 210 67 47 3 138 2


396 49 0 3 31 127 32 1 64 92

Activ ities of 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0


148


paid employee


(agri)


Unpaid family

worker

Irregular paid

worker

Day labourer

(agri)

Day labourer

(non-agri)

Serv ant

extraterritorial organizations and bodies Urban Male 8752 2876 22 570 2379 349 552 418 1614 16 Agriculture, forestry and fishing

1187 88 3 428 115 94 27 372 87 1


45 28 0 0 9 1 1 0 7 0


10 9 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0


1922 376 5 79 1099 135 106 5 126 2


1140 172 2 21 311 10 85 9 542 0


238 41 2 10 120 23 17 2 25 0


21 16 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0


194 168 2 0 10 1 15 0 1 0


57 25 0 0 28 0 1 0 0 1


261 191 1 0 37 3 18 0 12 0


233 220 1 0 6 0 7 0 0 0


102 66 0 1 27 3 7 0 0 0


12 6 0 0 2 0 1 0 3 0


510 191 1 3 129 14 44 3 126 0


87 18 0 0 16 0 9 1 39 8


3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

Urban Female 3669 882 2 228 308 1769 163 33 169 117 Agriculture, forestry and fishing

1794 19 0 125 88 1528 2 26 5 1


4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


2 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1


151 13 1 75 34 9 2 3 9 7


39 6 0 11 6 7 0 0 8 0


149


paid employee


(agri)


Unpaid family

worker

Irregular paid

worker

Day labourer

(agri)

Day labourer

(non-agri)

Serv ant


15 5 0 0 3 1 3 0 3 1


1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0


35 28 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0


5 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0


24 22 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0


24 16 0 0 1 0 6 0 0 0


45 39 0 0 2 0 3 0 0 0


2 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0


175 23 0 2 81 53 4 0 12 2


309 31 0 3 14 127 23 1 25 84


0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table-E20: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major occupation, level of education, sex and residence.

(000) Maj or occupation Total ( ISCO 88)

Highest class passed Total No

education

Class i-v

Class vi-viii

Class ix-x

S.S.C/ Equival

ent

H.S.C/ Equival

ent

Bachelor

degree/ Equival

ent

Master degree/ Equival

ent

Medical/

Engineering

degree

Technical

Vocational

educati

on

others

Total 54084 22078 12452 7655 4725 3264 1808 1171 736 91 82 23 Special occupation

36 0 0 9 4 13 6 3 1 0 0 0

Legislators, senior officials and managers

653 168 109 85 50 54 38 60 79 7 1 0

Professionals 1540 107 59 134 71 205 271 347 271 46 26 2 Technicians and associated professionals

861 82 91 90 75 139 148 141 79 10 6 1

Clerks 1009 121 114 152 96 145 152 138 80 5 6 0 Serv ice workers and shop and market sales workers

9464 3371 2197 1413 935 783 398 230 104 9 16 6


7397 3257 1658 949 712 470 219 89 36 2 4 1

Craft and related trade

4902 1852 1378 854 464 228 76 26 14 2 4 3


150

Maj or occupation Total ( ISCO 88)


education

Class i-v

Class vi-viii

Class ix-x

S.S.C/ Equival

ent

H.S.C/ Equival

ent

Bachelor

degree/ Equival

ent


ent

Medical/

Engineering

degree

Technical

Vocational

educati

on

others

workers Plant and machine operators and assemblers

3126 787 950 661 323 242 93 42 20 3 3 1


25366 12438 5957 3342 2014 998 420 107 60 6 16 8

Male 37883 15381 8744 5180 3057 2375 1388 972 622 78 70 16 Special occupation

36 0 0 9 4 13 6 3 1 0 0 0


557 119 94 80 46 48 35 55 71 7 1 0


692 49 69 71 65 114 127 114 68 8 5 1


7818 2499 1816 1213 834 735 367 221 102 9 15 5


6927 3030 1584 865 655 450 211 89 35 2 4 1


3636 1401 1063 612 302 158 59 24 10 1 2 3


2357 548 653 520 267 221 88 36 18 3 3 0


14026 7666 3365 1602 764 369 175 41 29 1 9 4

Female 16202 6697 3709 2475 1669 889 419 199 114 14 12 6 Special occupation

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


96 49 15 5 4 6 3 5 9 0 0 0


170 33 22 19 11 24 21 27 10 1 1 0


1646 872 381 201 101 48 31 9 1 0 1 1


471 227 74 84 57 20 7 0 1 0 0 0


1267 451 315 242 162 70 17 2 4 1 2 0


769 240 297 141 56 21 5 6 2 0 0 1


151



education

Class i-v

Class vi-viii

Class ix-x

S.S.C/ Equival

ent

H.S.C/ Equival

ent

Bachelor

degree/ Equival

ent


ent

Medical/

Engineering

degree

Technical

Vocational

educati

on

others


11341 4772 2592 1740 1250 629 245 66 31 5 6 4

Rural 41664 18621 9602 5600 3565 2242 1078 562 316 18 44 17 Special occupation

18 0 0 3 3 10 2 1 0 0 0 0


359 139 78 57 32 22 10 8 10 1 1 0


503 65 54 57 50 92 81 66 32 3 3 1


6980 2874 1643 1001 649 471 202 88 37 2 7 5


6755 3030 1498 848 646 423 194 80 31 1 3 1


3449 1411 941 572 331 139 33 9 8 1 2 3


1495 409 430 302 182 112 43 12 3 0 3 0


20766 10610 4881 2605 1573 733 266 50 32 2 10 5

Rural Male 29131 13044 6789 3731 2272 1638 838 472 280 16 36 14 Special occupation

18 0 0 3 3 10 2 1 0 0 0 0


289 95 66 55 29 18 8 5 10 1 1 0


387 35 40 44 40 73 68 55 27 3 2 1


5565 2101 1323 824 563 435 184 86 36 2 7 4


6331 2816 1428 776 601 407 188 80 30 1 3 1


2504 1070 718 385 203 89 24 9 4 0 0 3


1283 337 355 266 161 104 43 11 3 0 3 0


11652 6546 2790 1245 591 306 122 21 20 1 6 4

Rural Female 12533 5577 2812 1869 1294 604 240 89 36 2 8 2 Special occupation

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Legislators, 70 44 12 2 3 4 2 3 0 0 0 0


152



education

Class i-v

Class vi-viii

Class ix-x

S.S.C/ Equival

ent

H.S.C/ Equival

ent

Bachelor

degree/ Equival

ent


ent

Medical/

Engineering

degree

Technical

Vocational

educati

on

others

senior officials and managers Professionals 187 29 3 15 15 33 43 36 12 0 1 0 Technicians and associated professionals

116 30 14 13 10 19 13 11 5 0 1 0


1415 773 321 177 86 37 17 3 1 0 0 1


424 214 70 72 45 16 6 0 1 0 0 0


945 341 223 187 128 51 8 1 4 1 2 0


212 72 75 36 21 8 0 1 0 0 0 0


9114 4064 2091 1360 982 426 144 29 11 1 4 1

Urban 12421 3457 2851 2055 1160 1022 730 610 420 73 37 6 Special occupation

18 0 0 6 1 4 4 2 1 0 0 0


294 29 31 28 18 32 28 52 69 6 0 0


358 17 37 33 25 47 67 75 47 7 4 0


2483 497 554 413 286 312 196 142 66 8 9 1


642 227 160 101 66 47 24 9 6 1 1 0


1453 441 438 282 132 89 44 17 7 0 2 0


1631 379 521 359 141 130 50 30 17 3 1 1


4600 1828 1076 736 441 265 155 57 29 4 6 3

Urban Male 8752 2337 1954 1449 785 737 550 500 342 62 33 2 Special occupation

18 0 0 6 1 4 4 2 1 0 0 0


268 24 27 25 17 30 27 50 61 6 0 0

Professionals 400 11 10 24 9 42 62 109 89 33 12 1 Technicians and

304 14 29 27 24 42 59 59 42 6 4 0


153



education

Class i-v

Class vi-viii

Class ix-x

S.S.C/ Equival

ent

H.S.C/ Equival

ent

Bachelor

degree/ Equival

ent


ent

Medical/

Engineering

degree

Technical

Vocational

educati

on

others

associated professionalsClerks 378 35 28 57 34 31 62 76 50 4 2 0 Serv ice workers and shop and market sales workers

2252 398 493 389 271 300 183 136 66 8 8 1


596 214 155 89 54 43 23 9 6 1 1 0


1131 331 346 227 98 69 35 15 7 0 2 0


1074 211 298 254 106 117 45 25 14 3 1 0


2373 1120 575 357 173 63 53 20 9 0 3 0

Urban Female

3669 1119 896 606 375 284 180 110 78 12 4 4

Special occupation

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


26 5 3 3 1 2 2 2 9 0 0 0


54 3 8 6 1 5 8 16 5 1 0 0


231 99 60 24 15 12 14 7 0 0 1 0


46 13 5 12 12 4 1 0 0 0 0 0


321 110 92 55 34 20 9 2 0 0 0 0


558 168 223 105 35 13 5 5 2 0 0 1


2227 708 501 380 268 203 102 36 20 4 2 3


154

Table-E21: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major industry, level of education, sex and residence

(000) Major industry Highest class passed

Total No education

Class i-v

Class vi-viii

Class ix-x

S.S.C/ equivalent

H.S.C/ equivalent

Bachelor degree/

equivalent

Master degree/

equivalent

Medical/ engineering

degree

Technical /vocational education

Others

Bangladesh 54084 22078 12452 7655 4725 3264 1808 1171 736 91 82 23 Agriculture, forestry and fishing

25679 11921 5971 3346 2326 1289 548 168 81 7 15 7

Mining and quarrying

109 55 20 16 12 3 2 1 0 0 0 0

Manufacturing 6731 2389 1753 1145 607 436 210 114 60 4 8 6 Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply

96 8 11 31 13 12 10 4 5 3 0 0


27 10 4 7 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 0

Construction 2617 1212 751 351 148 72 42 21 13 1 4 1 Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and mot

7540 2715 1726 1136 749 626 307 179 76 9 13 3


3983 2147 967 436 201 126 65 19 13 5 3 1


831 299 260 113 84 44 16 9 4 0 2 1


55 6 6 21 3 6 4 4 2 1 3 0

Financial and insurance activities

364 15 26 50 33 36 60 80 61 3 0 0

Real estate activities

35 9 7 4 5 5 1 1 1 1 0 0


115 15 13 11 10 20 10 13 18 5 0 0


487 30 25 81 55 74 77 85 49 9 1 0

Public administration and defence; compulsory social security

539 29 20 145 63 116 81 56 23 3 3 0

Education 1285 77 34 128 65 163 228 315 248 14 10 2 Human health and social work activities

430 75 47 59 45 57 59 35 27 17 8 0


67 26 17 13 2 3 3 1 2 0 0 0

Other service activities

2358 618 631 464 275 153 78 67 52 8 10 2

Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated good

1006 521 228 131 51 36 20 9 9 1 0 0


4 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Male 37883 15381 8744 5180 3057 2375 1388 972 622 78 70 16

Agriculture, forestry and fishing

15174 7634 3551 1715 1090 687 317 110 53 3 10 4


93 48 17 13 11 3 1 1 0 0 0 0


155

Major industry Highest class passed Total No

education Class i-

v Class vi-viii

Class ix-x

S.S.C/ equivalent

H.S.C/ equivalent

Bachelor degree/

equivalent

Master degree/

equivalent


degree


Others

Manufacturing 4824 1551 1192 858 483 380 185 105 55 3 8 4

Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply

91 8 11 28 13 12 9 3 5 3 0 0


23 6 4 7 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 0

Construction 2390 1046 717 332 147 67 42 20 13 1 4 1


6513 2190 1487 1004 684 589 287 173 75 9 12 2


3738 2032 917 403 187 104 59 16 12 5 3 1


775 266 246 109 81 42 15 9 4 0 2 1


52 5 6 21 2 5 4 4 2 1 3 0


313 9 20 43 31 30 51 72 53 3 0 0


33 9 7 4 3 5 1 1 1 1 0 0


93 4 11 6 10 20 9 13 16 5 0 0


443 29 24 73 50 67 72 75 44 9 1 0


503 21 17 132 61 111 79 53 21 3 3 0

Education 959 48 29 101 45 105 163 241 205 11 9 2


265 24 20 31 28 48 47 29 21 12 6 0


60 20 17 12 2 3 3 1 2 0 0 0


1640 459 466 293 143 108 54 57 44 8 9 2


161 68 47 27 7 4 2 2 5 0 0 0


4 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Female 16202 6697 3709 2475 1669 889 419 199 114 14 12 6 Agriculture, forestry and fishing

10506 4287 2420 1631 1235 603 231 58 28 4 6 3


17 7 3 3 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Manufacturing 1907 838 561 287 124 56 24 9 4 1 0 2 Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply

5 0 0 3 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0

Water supply; sewerage, waste management and

4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


156


education Class i-

v Class vi-viii

Class ix-x

S.S.C/ equivalent

H.S.C/ equivalent

Bachelor degree/

equivalent

Master degree/

equivalent


degree


Others

remediation act Construction 227 166 34 19 2 4 0 2 0 0 0 0 Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and mot

1027 525 239 132 65 37 20 6 1 0 1 1


245 115 50 33 14 22 7 3 1 0 0 0


56 33 13 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0


3 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0


52 6 6 6 3 6 9 8 8 0 0 0


2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


22 11 2 5 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0


44 1 1 8 5 7 5 10 6 0 0 0


36 8 2 13 1 5 3 2 1 0 0 0

Education 326 29 5 27 20 58 65 75 43 3 1 0 Human health and social work activities

165 52 27 28 17 9 12 7 6 5 2 0


7 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


718 159 165 172 133 46 24 10 8 0 2 0


845 453 181 104 43 32 18 7 4 1 0 0


0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rural 41664 18621 9602 5600 3565 2242 1078 562 316 18 44 17


22698 10931 5249 2884 1977 1045 418 122 54 3 10 5


86 42 16 13 11 2 1 1 0 0 0 0

Manufacturing 4189 1747 1038 629 364 248 98 40 18 1 5 3


47 4 8 12 6 9 5 1 1 1 0 0


15 7 3 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Construction 1799 882 523 228 96 39 17 6 6 0 1 1


5467 2289 1269 778 518 363 145 65 29 2 6 3


2804 1589 664 280 136 85 33 10 5 1 2 1


157


education Class i-

v Class vi-viii

Class ix-x

S.S.C/ equivalent

H.S.C/ equivalent

Bachelor degree/

equivalent

Master degree/

equivalent


degree


Others


578 215 181 82 53 29 9 5 1 0 2 1


34 4 4 15 2 3 3 1 0 1 2 0


135 6 5 22 14 22 31 24 12 0 0 0


10 3 1 1 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0


53 12 8 6 5 14 3 3 2 0 0 0


202 17 11 46 30 35 31 22 8 1 0 0


282 14 9 73 38 78 39 19 11 0 2 0

Education 867 51 22 90 45 123 160 215 150 2 6 2


283 62 38 47 35 39 39 12 8 2 3 0


53 22 16 9 1 0 3 1 1 0 0 0


1672 465 457 337 217 103 47 23 13 4 6 2


610 335 139 70 33 17 8 4 3 0 0 0


1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rural Male 29131 13044 6789 3731 2272 1638 838 472 280 16 36 14


13987 7142 3245 1552 991 625 278 96 43 2 7 4


70 35 13 10 10 2 0 1 0 0 0 0

Manufacturing 3130 1206 773 494 292 214 90 36 16 0 5 3


46 4 8 11 6 9 5 1 1 1 0 0


13 6 3 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Construction 1625 750 500 212 95 36 17 6 6 0 1 1


4591 1818 1067 668 466 335 135 64 28 2 6 2


2598 1486 625 251 124 67 29 8 5 1 2 1


537 192 172 79 50 27 8 5 1 0 2 1


32 3 4 15 1 3 3 1 0 1 2 0


158


education Class i-

v Class vi-viii

Class ix-x

S.S.C/ equivalent

H.S.C/ equivalent

Bachelor degree/

equivalent

Master degree/

equivalent


degree


Others


118 2 5 20 13 19 28 21 10 0 0 0


8 3 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0


37 0 7 3 5 14 2 3 2 0 0 0


182 16 11 40 28 31 29 19 7 1 0 0


270 12 8 70 38 77 36 17 11 0 2 0

Education 685 35 19 78 31 83 120 173 135 2 6 2


163 15 14 26 22 34 32 9 8 2 1 0


48 18 15 9 1 0 3 1 1 0 0 0


1130 345 333 200 112 69 30 20 10 4 4 2


74 28 24 13 4 1 1 1 2 0 0 0


1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rural Female 12533 5577 2812 1869 1294 604 240 89 36 2 8 2


8712 3789 2004 1332 985 420 140 26 11 1 3 1


15 7 3 3 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Manufacturing 1058 540 264 135 72 33 8 3 2 1 0 0


1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Construction 175 132 23 16 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0


876 471 202 111 52 28 10 0 1 0 0 1


206 104 39 29 11 18 4 2 0 0 0 0


41 23 9 2 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0


2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


17 3 0 2 1 2 3 3 2 0 0 0


2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


159


education Class i-

v Class vi-viii

Class ix-x

S.S.C/ equivalent

H.S.C/ equivalent

Bachelor degree/

equivalent

Master degree/

equivalent


degree


Others


17 11 1 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0


20 1 0 6 2 3 2 3 1 0 0 0


12 2 2 3 0 1 2 2 0 0 0 0

Education 182 16 3 12 14 40 40 42 15 0 0 0


121 46 24 21 13 5 7 3 0 0 2 0


5 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


542 120 124 136 105 34 16 2 3 0 2 0


536 307 115 57 29 16 7 3 1 0 0 0


0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Urban 12421 3457 2851 2055 1160 1022 730 610 420 73 37 6


2981 989 721 462 349 245 130 46 27 4 5 2


24 13 4 3 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

Manufacturing 2542 642 715 516 243 188 112 75 42 3 3 3


49 4 3 19 7 3 5 3 4 2 0 0


12 3 1 3 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 0

Construction 818 330 229 124 52 33 25 15 7 1 3 0


2073 427 457 358 231 263 162 114 47 7 7 0


1179 558 303 155 65 41 33 9 8 4 2 0


253 84 78 31 31 15 7 4 3 0 0 0


21 1 2 6 1 3 1 3 2 0 1 0


229 9 22 27 19 14 29 56 49 3 0 0


25 6 6 3 1 4 1 1 1 1 0 0


62 4 5 5 4 6 6 10 16 5 0 0


285 13 14 35 25 40 47 63 41 7 1 0


160


education Class i-

v Class vi-viii

Class ix-x

S.S.C/ equivalent

H.S.C/ equivalent

Bachelor degree/

equivalent

Master degree/

equivalent


degree


Others


257 15 10 72 24 39 43 37 12 3 1 0

Education 418 26 12 38 20 39 68 100 98 12 4 1


147 14 10 12 10 19 20 24 19 14 5 0


14 4 2 4 1 3 0 0 1 0 0 0


686 153 174 128 59 50 31 44 38 4 4 0


396 186 89 61 17 19 12 5 6 1 0 0


3 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Urban Male 8752 2337 1954 1449 785 737 550 500 342 62 33 2


1187 491 306 163 99 62 39 14 10 1 3 0


22 13 4 3 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

Manufacturing 1694 345 418 364 191 165 95 69 40 3 3 1


45 4 3 17 7 3 4 2 4 2 0 0


10 1 1 3 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 0

Construction 766 296 217 121 52 31 25 13 7 1 3 0


1922 373 420 336 218 254 152 109 47 7 6 0


1140 547 292 151 63 36 30 8 7 4 2 0


238 74 74 30 31 15 7 4 3 0 0 0


21 1 2 6 1 3 1 3 2 0 1 0


194 6 16 23 18 11 23 51 43 3 0 0


25 6 6 3 1 4 1 1 1 1 0 0


57 4 4 4 4 6 6 10 14 5 0 0


261 13 13 33 22 36 44 56 36 7 1 0


233 9 10 63 23 34 42 36 11 3 1 0

Education 274 13 10 23 14 21 43 68 70 9 3 1


161


education Class i-

v Class vi-viii

Class ix-x

S.S.C/ equivalent

H.S.C/ equivalent

Bachelor degree/

equivalent

Master degree/

equivalent


degree


Others


102 9 7 5 6 14 15 20 13 9 5 0


12 2 2 3 1 3 0 0 1 0 0 0


510 115 133 92 31 38 23 37 33 4 4 0


87 40 23 14 4 3 0 1 3 0 0 0


3 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Urban Female 3669 1119 896 606 375 284 180 110 78 12 4 4


1794 498 416 300 250 183 90 32 17 3 2 2


1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Manufacturing 848 297 297 152 52 23 17 6 3 0 0 2


4 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0


2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Construction 52 34 11 3 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0


151 54 37 22 13 9 10 5 0 0 1 0


39 11 11 4 2 4 3 2 1 0 0 0


15 10 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0


35 3 6 4 2 3 6 5 6 0 0 0


0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


5 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0


24 0 1 2 3 4 3 7 5 0 0 0


24 6 0 10 1 4 0 1 1 0 0 0

Education 144 13 2 15 6 18 25 33 28 3 1 0


45 5 3 8 4 4 5 4 6 5 0 0


2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


162


education Class i-

v Class vi-viii

Class ix-x

S.S.C/ equivalent

H.S.C/ equivalent

Bachelor degree/

equivalent

Master degree/

equivalent


degree


Others


175 39 41 36 28 12 7 8 5 0 0 0


309 146 66 47 14 16 11 4 3 1 0 0


0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table-E22: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major occupation, sector of employment, sex and residence

(000) Major occupation (ISCO 88)


Total Informal Formal

Number

Bangladesh 54084 47350 6787

Special o ccupation 36 0 36

Legislators, senior officials and managers 653 471 185

Professionals 1540 449 1111

Technicians and asso ciated professionals 861 399 473

Clerks 1009 416 597

Service workers and shop and market sales workers 9464 8675 804

Skilled agricultural and fishery workers 7397 7335 82

Craft and related trade workers 4902 4345 560

Plant and machin e operators and assemblers 3126 1701 1428

Elementary o ccupations 25366 23827 1558

Urban 12421 9310 3128





Clerks 428 138 291







163

Major occupation (ISCO 88)



Rural 41664 38040 3659





Clerks 582 278 306






Percent

Bangladesh 100.0 100.0 100.0

Special o ccupation .1 .0 .5

Lagislators, senior officials and managers 1.2 1.0 2.7

Professionals 2.8 .9 16.4

Technicians and asso ciated professionals 1.6 .8 7.0

Clerks 1.9 .9 8.8

Service workers and shop and market sales workers 17.5 18.3 11.8

Skilled agricultural and fishery workers 13.7 15.5 1.2

Craft and related trade workers 9.1 9.2 8.3

Plant and machin e operators and assemblers 5.8 3.6 21.0

Elementary o ccupations 46.9 50.3 23.0

Urban 100.0 100.0 100.0


Legislators, senior officials and managers 2.4 1.6 4.7

Professionals 4.5 1.7 12.8

Technicians and asso ciated professionals 2.9 1.6 6.6

Clerks 3.4 1.5 9.3


Skilled agricultural and fishery workers 5.2 6.7 .8



164

Major occupation (ISCO 88)





Rural 100.0 100.0 100.0


Legislators, senior officials and managers .9 .8 1.1

Professionals 2.4 .8 19.4

Technicians and asso ciated professionals 1.2 .6 7.2

Clerks 1.4 .7 8.4






Table-E23: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major industry, sector of employment, sex and residence

(000) Major Industry Sector of emp lo yment


Number

Bangladesh 54084 47350 6787




Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning suppl y

96 40 56

Water suppl y; sewerage, was te management and r emediation act

27 15 12


Whol esale and retail trade; r epair of motor vehicles and mot

7540 7043 505






Professional, sci entific and technical activiti es

115 83 32


487 130 357


165

Major Industry Sector of emp lo yment



539 60 482

Education 1285 253 1055




Activiti es of househol ds as employers; undif ferentiated good

1006 950 58

Activiti es of extraterritorial organizations and bodies

4 0 4

Urban 12421 9310 3128





49 19 30


12 6 7



2073 1773 304







62 38 23


285 84 201


257 31 226






396 359 38


3 0 3

Rural 41664 38040 3659





47 21 26


15 9 5



5467 5270 201


166









53 45 9


202 46 156


282 29 255






610 591 19


1 0 1

Percent

Bangladesh 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture, fores try and fishing 47.5 52.6 12.0

Mining and quarrying 0.2 0.2 0.1

Manufacturing 12.4 9.9 30.0


0.2 0.1 0.8


0.0 0.0 0.2

Construction 4.8 5.1 2.7


13.9 14.9 7.4

Transportation and s torage 7.4 7.9 3.9

Accommodation and food ser vice acti vities 1.5 1.6 1.2

Infor mati on and communication 0.1 0.0 0.5

Financial and insur ance acti vities 0.7 0.1 4.4

Real estate acti vities 0.1 0.1 0.1


0.2 0.2 0.5


0.9 0.3 5.3


1.0 0.1 7.1

Education 2.4 0.5 15.5

Human health and social work acti vities 0.8 0.6 2.5

Arts, entertainment and recr eati on 0.1 0.1 0.1

Other service acti vities 4.4 4.2 5.5


1.9 2.0 0.8


0.0 0.0 0.1


167



Urban 100.0 100.0 100.0





0.4 0.2 1.0


0.1 0.1 0.2



16.7 19.0 9.7







0.5 0.4 0.7


2.3 0.9 6.4


2.1 0.3 7.2






3.2 3.9 1.2


0.0 0.0 0.1

Rural 100.0 100.0 100.0





0.1 0.1 0.7


0.0 0.0 0.1



13.1 13.9 5.5







0.1 0.1 0.2


0.5 0.1 4.3


168




0.7 0.1 7.0






1.5 1.6 0.5


0.0 0.0 0.0

Table-E24: Salaried persons aged 15 years and over by major occupation, sector of employment, sex and residence

(000) Major occupation Sector of emp lo yment


Number

Bangladesh 54084 47350 6787

Special occupati on 36 0 36


653 471 185


Technicians and associ ated professionals

861 399 473

Clerks 1009 416 597

Service wor kers and shop and mar ket sales wor kers

9464 8675 804


Craft and related trade wor kers 4902 4345 560


3126 1701 1428

Elementary occupations 25366 23827 1558

Urban 12421 9310 3128



294 151 146



358 152 208

Clerks 428 138 291


2483 2048 441




1631 824 809


Rural 41664 38040 3659


169

Major occupation Sector of emp lo yment




359 320 39



503 246 265

Clerks 582 278 306


6980 6627 363




1495 876 619


Percent Bangladesh 100.0 100.0 100.0

Special occupati on 0.1 0.0 0.5


1.2 1.0 2.7



1.6 0.8 7.0

Clerks 1.9 0.9 8.8


17.5 18.3 11.8


Craft and related trade wor kers 9.1 9.2 8.3


5.8 3.6 21.0

Elementary occupations 46.9 50.3 23.0

Urban 100.0 100.0 100.0



2.4 1.6 4.7



2.9 1.6 6.6

Clerks 3.4 1.5 9.3


20.0 22.0 14.1




13.1 8.9 25.9


Rural 100.0 100.0 100.0



0.9 0.8 1.1



170

Major occupation Sector of emp lo yment



1.2 0.6 7.2

Clerks 1.4 0.7 8.4


16.8 17.4 9.9




3.6 2.3 16.9


Table-E25: Paid workers aged 15 years and over by getting employment benefits and sector of employment

(000) Emplo yment b efit



Leave for illn ess Yes 9481 3538 5977

No 10878 10097 789

Don't know 47 36 11

Regular leave Yes 8559 2825 5766

No 11802 10809 1005

Don't know 45 38 6

Maternit y leave Yes 3771 567 3223

No 13349 10346 3025

Don't know 3267 2741 528

Subsidized food Yes 849 97 753

No 19553 13574 6021

Don't know 4 1 3

Subsidized hou se Yes 756 48 707

No 19649 13623 6068

Don't know 1 0 1

Bonus Yes 6746 1313 5460

No 13628 12335 1308

Don't know 33 24 9

Liverage / dress Yes 2159 316 1847

No 18213 13332 4918

Don't know 34 24 12

Pension Yes 3675 157 3541

No 16666 13469 3216

Don't know 66 46 21

Dismissal notice Yes 5144 1123 4049

No 44217 42770 1465

Don't know 4723 3457 1273


171

Table-E26: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major occupation, status in employment and residence

(000) Status in emplo yment

Major occupation Regular paid

emplo yee

Emplo yer Self emplo yed

(agri)

Self emplo yed (non-agri)


Irregular paid

worker

Day labourer

(agri)

Day labourer

(non-agri)

Servant

Bangladesh 54084 7876 119 12308 9714 11787 1486 5792 4838 455

Special occupation

36 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


653 188 7 74 289 48 22 13 15 2

Professionals 1540 1196 19 29 203 12 54 2 22 31


861 504 7 17 251 7 49 5 37 2

Clerks 1009 626 6 125 182 15 37 6 23 2


9464 1112 32 3317 3519 739 295 64 343 169

Skilled agricultural and fisher y wor kers

7397 70 12 5980 489 667 32 195 107 2

Craft and related trade wor kers

4902 773 6 632 1217 736 315 26 1217 17


3126 1824 8 34 403 84 354 10 420 2


25366 1594 24 2312 3285 9498 343 5514 2700 228

Urban 12421 3758 24 798 2687 2118 715 450 1783 132

Special occupation

18 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


294 150 1 3 117 6 13 0 6 0

Professionals 559 436 3 2 80 4 23 0 2 15


358 217 1 0 98 1 27 0 15 1

Clerks 428 310 1 13 78 2 15 0 11 0


2483 560 9 183 1220 192 151 10 149 23


642 31 2 420 98 28 16 29 40 0


172

Status in emplo yment

Major occupation Regular paid

emplo yee

Emplo yer Self emplo yed

(agri)

Self emplo yed (non-agri)


Irregular paid

worker

Day labourer

(agri)

Day labourer

(non-agri)

Servant


1453 397 1 32 338 107 100 4 470 6


1631 1073 3 7 104 25 222 4 197 1


4600 575 3 160 572 1756 154 405 906 86

Rural 41664 4118 95 11510 7027 9669 771 5342 3055 323

Special occupation

18 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


359 38 6 71 171 42 9 13 10 2

Professionals 982 760 17 26 123 8 31 2 19 16


503 287 6 17 153 6 22 5 22 1

Clerks 582 316 5 112 104 14 22 6 11 2


6980 551 23 3134 2299 546 144 54 194 146


6755 39 10 5560 391 639 17 166 67 2


3449 377 5 599 878 629 215 22 746 12


1495 751 5 26 299 59 131 6 223 1


20766 1019 21 2153 2713 7743 188 5109 1793 142

Table-E27: Employed persons aged a5 years and over by major industry, status in employment and residence

(000) Major indus try Status in employment

Total Regular paid

employee

Empl oyer Self employed

(agri)


Unpaid famil y wor ker

Irregular paid

wor ker

Day labourer

(agri)

Day labourer

(non-agri)

Servant

Bangladesh 54084 7876 119 12308 9714 11787 1486 5792 4838 455

Agriculture, forestr y and fishing

25679 748 23 7982 1518 9559 116 5526 383 31


109 5 1 4 30 20 2 17 30 0


173

Major indus try Status in employment

Total Regular paid

employee


(agri)



Irregular paid

wor ker

Day labourer

(agri)

Day labourer

(non-agri)

Servant

Manufacturing 6731 2553 20 1267 1023 567 559 65 696 24

Electricity, gas, steam and air conditi oning suppl y

96 58 0 0 19 2 2 0 14 1


27 14 0 1 4 1 1 0 5 1

Construction 2617 190 3 65 710 30 80 87 1470 15


7540 756 19 2499 3318 444 230 40 297 43


3983 381 6 474 1620 80 137 35 1298 1

Accommodation and food service activiti es

831 117 6 114 379 101 49 5 71 4


55 37 2 2 11 0 1 1 1 0

Financial and insurance activiti es

364 302 5 2 25 2 32 0 2 0

Real estate activiti es

35 13 1 0 15 1 3 0 2 0

Professional, scientific and technical acti vities

115 40 3 5 48 2 3 0 5 9

Admi nistrati ve and support service acti vities

487 375 1 6 51 7 25 2 22 0


539 503 1 5 13 0 22 0 1 0

Education 1285 1089 22 18 106 3 46 2 7 21

Human health and social wor k activiti es

430 186 1 10 124 10 15 2 3 86


67 17 0 7 14 3 2 2 22 1

Other service activiti es

2358 469 7 36 778 505 136 11 434 3


1006 73 1 9 53 469 42 17 127 220


4 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

Rural 41664 4118 95 11510 7027 9669 771 5342 3055 323


22698 642 21 7429 1314 7936 87 5128 291 29


174


Total Regular paid

employee


(agri)



Irregular paid

wor ker

Day labourer

(agri)

Day labourer

(non-agri)

Servant


86 3 1 3 24 18 2 17 18 0

Manufacturing 4189 1041 16 1215 724 465 283 51 410 17


47 27 0 0 10 1 1 0 7 1


15 5 0 1 3 0 0 0 5 0

Construction 1799 102 3 56 511 21 48 69 1005 11


5467 366 13 2346 2185 300 122 32 162 35


2804 203 4 442 1303 63 52 26 748 1


578 71 4 104 256 77 29 3 43 2


34 20 2 2 7 0 0 1 1 0


135 106 3 2 15 1 11 0 1 0


10 2 0 0 5 1 1 0 1 0


53 12 3 5 17 1 2 0 4 8


202 163 0 6 13 4 7 2 9 0


282 266 0 4 6 0 9 0 1 0

Education 867 755 20 17 59 3 23 2 5 8


283 81 1 8 95 7 5 2 3 86


53 11 0 6 11 3 1 2 20 0


1672 254 6 31 569 438 88 9 296 1


610 24 1 6 22 342 11 16 63 128


1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Urban 12421 3758 24 798 2687 2118 715 450 1783 132


175


Total Regular paid

employee


(agri)



Irregular paid

wor ker

Day labourer

(agri)

Day labourer

(non-agri)

Servant


2981 107 3 552 204 1623 29 398 92 2


24 2 0 0 6 2 1 0 13 0

Manufacturing 2542 1512 4 52 300 101 276 14 286 8


49 31 0 0 9 1 1 0 7 0


12 9 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1

Construction 818 87 0 9 199 9 32 18 466 3


2073 390 6 154 1133 144 108 8 135 9


1179 178 2 32 317 17 85 9 550 0


253 46 2 10 123 24 20 2 28 1


21 16 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 0


229 196 2 0 10 1 22 0 1 0


25 11 1 0 10 0 2 0 1 0


62 27 0 0 31 0 1 0 1 1


285 213 1 0 38 3 18 0 13 0


257 236 1 0 7 0 13 0 0 0

Education 418 334 2 1 48 0 23 0 2 14


147 104 0 1 29 3 10 0 0 0


14 6 0 1 3 0 1 0 3 0


686 214 1 5 210 67 47 3 138 2


396 49 0 3 31 127 32 1 64 92


3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0


176

Table-E28: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by major industry, major occupation and residence

(000) Major industry

ISCO 88

Total Special occupa

tion

legislators, senior officials

and managers

professiona

ls

technicians and

asso ciated professiona

ls

clerks service workers

and shop and market

sales workers

skil led agricultural and fishery

workers

craft and related trade

workers

plant and machine operators

and assembler

s

elementary

occupations

Bangladesh 54084 36 653 1540 861 1009 9464 7397 4902 3126 25366


25679 0 8 17 9 23 74 7388 24 10 18325


109 0 1 3 0 1 2 0 1 1 101

Manufacturing

6731 0 164 28 68 66 1240 26 2553 2055 575


96 0 9 3 8 6 0 0 52 1 18

W ater supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation act

27 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 11 0 13

Construction

2617 0 20 7 71 7 11 13 699 4 1812


7540 0 184 6 40 24 6827 52 75 36 398


3983 0 14 4 27 67 318 11 7 897 2676


831 0 25 0 0 266 526 9 5 0 17


55 0 6 8 12 7 1 2 3 3 13


364 0 57 53 67 135 2 1 1 0 53


35 0 6 2 16 1 3 0 3 3 1


115 0 20 36 48 3 2 0 0 1 5


487 0 68 24 91 157 18 1 10 9 112


177

Major industry

ISCO 88


tion


and managers

professiona

ls

technicians and


ls


and shop and market

sales workers


workers


workers


and assembler

s

elementary

occupations


539 36 10 24 59 124 139 2 8 7 137

Education 1285 0 9 1020 139 37 22 12 1 2 73


430 0 4 167 76 28 90 4 0 5 63


67 0 3 15 26 9 0 1 0 1 13


2358 0 47 150 113 62 248 8 1472 93 185


1006 0 5 3 8 3 76 1 20 10 884

Activities of extraterr itorial organizations and bodies

4 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1

Urban 12421 18 294 559 358 428 2483 642 1453 1631 4600


2981 0 5 2 0 5 11 637 3 3 2343


24 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 20

Manufacturing

2542 0 19 12 16 31 260 9 747 1185 275


49 0 9 2 5 1 0 0 20 0 12


12 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 3 0 6

Construction

818 0 11 3 42 4 3 3 264 3 490


2073 0 55 2 12 9 1838 8 28 23 114

Transportati 1179 0 6 0 12 25 46 4 5 368 722


178

Major industry

ISCO 88


tion


and managers

professiona

ls

technicians and


ls


and shop and market

sales workers


workers


workers


and assembler

s

elementary

occupations

on and storage Accommodation and food service activities

253 0 14 0 0 74 159 2 2 0 5


21 0 4 4 4 2 1 0 1 3 3


229 0 50 30 36 80 1 0 0 0 34


25 0 6 1 11 1 3 0 0 3 0


62 0 14 18 24 1 0 0 0 1 3


285 0 54 19 56 78 10 0 5 3 59


257 18 7 12 31 54 55 0 8 5 68

Education 418 0 6 336 31 11 4 1 1 1 32


147 0 1 73 26 15 1 0 0 5 27


14 0 1 4 6 1 0 0 0 0 2


686 0 32 41 42 36 74 2 357 28 75


396 0 4 2 4 0 35 0 17 7 330


3 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1

Rural 41664 18 359 982 503 582 6980 6755 3449 1495 20766


22698 0 3 15 9 18 63 6751 21 7 15982


179

Major industry

ISCO 88


tion


and managers

professiona

ls

technicians and


ls


and shop and market

sales workers


workers


workers


and assembler

s

elementary

occupations


86 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 82

Manufacturing

4189 0 145 16 53 35 981 17 1806 870 300


47 0 0 1 2 5 0 0 33 0 6


15 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 7 0 6

Construction

1799 0 9 4 29 3 8 10 435 1 1322


5467 0 129 4 28 16 4989 44 47 13 284


2804 0 7 4 15 41 272 7 2 529 1954


578 0 11 0 0 192 366 7 4 0 12


34 0 2 4 8 5 0 2 2 1 10


135 0 7 23 31 55 1 1 1 0 19


10 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 3 0 1


53 0 6 18 24 2 2 0 0 0 1


202 0 14 5 35 79 8 1 4 5 53


282 18 3 11 28 70 84 1 0 2 69

Education 867 0 3 683 108 26 18 11 0 1 42


180

Major industry

ISCO 88


tion


and managers

professiona

ls

technicians and


ls


and shop and market

sales workers


workers


workers


and assembler

s

elementary

occupations


283 0 3 94 50 13 89 4 0 0 36


53 0 2 11 20 8 0 1 0 1 12


1672 0 15 109 71 25 174 6 1115 65 110


610 0 1 1 4 3 41 1 3 3 554


1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Table-E29: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by status in employment and level of education



Total No educati

on

Class i-v

Class vi-viii

Class ix-x

S.S.C /equival

ent

H.S.C /equival

ent

Bachelor

degree /equival

ent

Master degree/ equival

ent

Medical/

engineering degree

Technical/

Vocational

education

Others

Number

Bangladesh 54084 22078 12452 7656 4725 3264 1808 1171 735 91 82 23


7876 1135 1258 1678 808 894 734 737 520 69 40 4

Employer 119 36 23 10 14 10 11 8 7 0 0 0


12308 6305 2656 1334 936 619 287 117 45 0 6 3


9714 3898 2427 1275 754 631 323 185 174 22 20 6


11787 3735 2974 2124 1649 840 337 109 0 0 13 5


1486 425 413 273 165 110 69 28 0 0 3 1

Day labourer (agri)

5792 3744 1324 430 177 83 32 0 0 0 0 3


181


4838 2594 1365 530 230 88 31 0 0 0 0 1

Servant 455 333 78 31 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Percent

Bangladesh 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0


14.6 5.1 10.1 21.9 17.1 27.4 40.6 63.0 70.7 75.3 48.7 18.4

Employer .2 .2 .2 .1 .3 .3 .6 .7 .9 .0 .0 .0


22.8 28.6 21.3 17.4 19.8 19.0 15.9 10.0 6.1 .0 7.5 15.0


18.0 17.7 19.5 16.7 15.9 19.3 17.9 15.8 23.6 24.7 24.2 24.8


21.8 16.9 23.9 27.7 34.9 25.8 18.6 9.3 .0 .0 16.3 23.7


2.7 1.9 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.8 2.4 .0 .0 3.3 4.3

Day labourer (agri)

10.7 17.0 10.6 5.6 3.7 2.5 1.7 .0 .0 .0 .0 14.4


8.9 11.7 11.0 6.9 4.9 2.7 1.7 .0 .0 .0 .0 3.5

Servant .8 1.5 .6 .4 .3 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0

Table-E30: Employed persons aged 15 years and over by detail occupation (3 digit), sex and residence

(000) Description of occupation

Total Urban Rural


Special occupati on 13882 13882 0 5740 5740 0 8142 8142 0

Senior government officials

921 921 0 0 0 0 921 921 0

Senior officials of special-inter est organizations

1767 1767 0 0 0 0 1767 1767 0

Directors and chief executives

3119 2146 973 2146 2146 0 973 0 973

Produc tion and operations department managers

22890 20174 2716 6604 6604 0 16286 13570 2716

Other department managers

24037 21518 2520 16522 14003 2520 7515 7515 0

General managers 144768 138736 6032 30091 28357 1734 114677 110378 4298

Mathematicians, statisticians and related professionals

973 973 0 0 0 0 973 973 0

Computing professionals

6073 5152 921 2464 2464 0 3609 2688 921

Architects, engineers and related professionals

10488 8440 2047 4364 4364 0 6124 4077 2047

Life science professionals

3259 1843 1417 1943 921 1021 1317 921 396


182

Description of occupation

Total Urban Rural


Health professionals (except nursing)

23175 18588 4587 10184 7559 2625 12991 11029 1962

Nursing and midwifer y professionals

17735 8076 9659 7627 921 6706 10108 7155 2953

College, uni versity and higher education teaching profession

18373 11565 6807 7227 4863 2364 11145 6702 4443

Secondary educati on teaching professionals

84821 53835 30986 34388 19099 15289 50433 34736 15697

Primar y and pre-primar y education teaching professionals

101691 42116 59575 48916 17786 31130 52775 24330 28445

Special educati on teaching professionals

4098 4098 0 3050 3050 0 1047 1047 0

Other teaching professionals

5898 5250 649 2040 2040 0 3858 3210 649

Business professionals

18160 17297 862 7602 6740 862 10558 10558 0

Archivists, librarians and related information professionals

1004 1004 0 0 0 0 1004 1004 0

Social science and related professionals

921 921 0 0 0 0 921 921 0

Writers and creati ve or performing artists

5355 5014 341 2275 2275 0 3080 2739 341

Religious professionals

22032 21111 921 2690 1769 921 19342 19342 0

Physical and engineering science technicians

11330 9024 2307 5645 3339 2307 5685 5685 0

Computer associate professionals

11972 11323 649 5246 5246 0 6726 6077 649

Optical and electronic equipment operators

7880 6292 1588 3104 3104 0 4776 3188 1588

Ship and aircraft controllers and technicians

3303 3303 0 0 0 0 3303 3303 0

Safety and quality inspectors

2815 2815 0 973 973 0 1843 1843 0

Modern health associate professionals (except nursing)

7481 6560 921 1945 1945 0 5536 4615 921

Nursing and midwifer y associate professionals

1190 0 1190 794 0 794 396 0 396

Traditional medicine practitioners and faith heal ers

675 675 0 0 0 0 675 675 0

Primar y education teaching associ ate professionals

33180 22478 10702 3812 3163 649 29369 19316 10053

Pre-primar y education teachi ng associate professionals

976 976 0 976 976 0 0 0 0

Other teaching associate professionals

1003 0 1003 0 0 0 1003 0 1003


183


Total Urban Rural


Finance and sales associate professionals

20939 15646 5294 7203 4606 2597 13736 11040 2697

Business ser vices agents and trade brokers

17262 16614 649 6414 6414 0 10848 10199 649

Admi nistrati ve associate professionals

42415 35776 6639 23907 19111 4796 18508 16665 1843

Customs, tax and related government associate professionals

921 921 0 0 0 0 921 921 0

Police inspectors aand detecti ves

685 685 0 685 685 0 0 0 0

Social wor k associate professionals

36788 24287 12500 16155 11126 5029 20633 13161 7472

Artistic, entertainment and sports associate professionals

13101 11738 1363 2743 2402 341 10358 9336 1022

Secretaries and keyboard-operating clerks

51656 50975 681 17780 17780 0 33876 33195 681

Numerical cler ks 87983 76725 11257 37296 31427 5870 50687 45299 5388

Material-recording and transport cl erks

6131 4795 1336 4315 2979 1336 1816 1816 0

Library, mail and related cler ks

18027 14767 3260 8364 6023 2341 9664 8744 919

Other office clerks 24025 21659 2366 5351 3906 1445 18674 17753 921

Cashiers, tellers and related cler ks

25097 17735 7362 10915 6778 4138 14182 10957 3225

Client information clerks

10165 10165 0 3600 3600 0 6565 6565 0

Travel attendants and related wor kers

39221 38217 1004 13083 13083 0 26137 25133 1004

Housekeepi ng and restaurant services wor kers

198462 176491 21971 56367 47171 9196 142095 129320 12775

Personal care and related wor kers

1058 1058 0 409 409 0 649 649 0

Other personal service workers

90901 72251 18650 35823 18795 17028 55078 53457 1622

Protecti ve ser vices wor kers

37520 35804 1715 13165 12371 794 24354 23433 921

Fashion and other models

2237 2237 0 0 0 0 2237 2237 0

Shop sal espersons and demonstrators

943698 892067 51631 385847 366185 19662 557851 525881 31969

Stall and mar ket salespersons

921543 841577 79966 235960 219324 16637 685582 622253 63329

Market gardeners and crop growers

1105093 1042186 62907 76245 67801 8444 1028848 974386 54462

Market- oriented animal producers and related wor kers

53019 24910 28109 9322 5287 4035 43697 19624 24073

Market- oriented crop and ani mal producers

1843 0 1843 921 0 921 921 0 921

Fishery workers, hunters and trappers

159674 147939 11735 51735 48559 3175 107939 99379 8560


184


Total Urban Rural


Subsistence agricultural and fisher y wor kers

25668 24371 1298 0 0 0 25668 24371 1298

Miners, shotfirers, stone cutters and carvers

1443 1443 0 0 0 0 1443 1443 0

Building frame and related trades wor kers

243981 238091 5890 64689 62863 1826 179293 175229 4064

Building finishers and related trades wor kers

286446 278105 8341 92130 89166 2964 194316 188939 5377

Painters, building structure cl eaners and related tr ades wor

57279 55357 1922 28915 27389 1526 28364 27968 396

Metal moul ders, welders, sheet-metal wor kers, s tructur al-met

103165 88041 15124 53979 45825 8154 49186 42216 6971

Blacksmiths, tool-makers and related trades workers

8725 8725 0 1624 1624 0 7101 7101 0

Machiner y mechanics and fitters

77391 76389 1002 35258 35258 0 42133 41131 1002

Electrical and electronic equipment mechanics and fitters

54551 51566 2985 25925 24849 1077 28626 26717 1909

Precision wor kers i n metal and rel ated materials

52182 52182 0 20971 20971 0 31211 31211 0

Potters, glass-makers and related trades workers

5013 3715 1298 847 847 0 4166 2868 1298

Handicraft wor kers in wood, textile, leather and related mat

69770 41093 28677 25859 12518 13341 43911 28575 15336

Printing and related trades workers

9439 9439 0 4722 4722 0 4718 4718 0

Food processi ng and related trades wor kers

86708 47454 39254 54796 32259 22537 31913 15195 16718

Wood treaters, cabinet-makers and related trades wor kers

44280 33891 10389 8574 8574 0 35706 25317 10389

Textile, garment and related trades wor kers

1000622 362735 637887 214744 94849 119895 785878 267886 517992

Pelt, leather and shoemaki ng trades wor kers

35132 26552 8581 14740 7748 6993 20392 18804 1588

Mining and mineral-processing-plant operators

5769 2815 2954 0 0 0 5769 2815 2954

Metal-processing-plant operators

13133 11053 2080 9300 7220 2080 3833 3833 0

Glass, ceramics and related plant-operators

973 973 0 973 973 0 0 0 0

Wood-processing-and paper making-plant operators

7834 7438 396 3188 3188 0 4646 4251 396

Chemical-processing-plant

2867 2867 0 973 973 0 1894 1894 0


185


Total Urban Rural


operators

Power-production and related plant operators

1243 1243 0 847 847 0 396 396 0

Metal-and mi neral-produc ts machi ne operators

13548 12575 973 10961 9988 973 2587 2587 0

Chemical-produc ts machine operators

2918 2918 0 0 0 0 2918 2918 0

Rubber- and plas tic-produc ts machi ne operators

25126 18998 6128 4010 1979 2031 21116 17019 4097

Wood-products machine operators

25404 24359 1044 6585 6585 0 18819 17775 1044

Printing-, bindi ng-and paper-products machine operators

9868 9868 0 6785 6785 0 3084 3084 0

Textile-, fur-and leather-products machine operators

1199101 678292 520809 712228 298793 413434 486873 379499 107374

Food and related produc ts machi ne operators

32106 24475 7630 6973 5480 1493 25133 18996 6137

Assemblers 6007 6007 0 3118 3118 0 2889 2889 0

Other machine operators and assemblers

2970 2970 0 0 0 0 2970 2970 0

Locomotive engine drivers and related wor kers

1894 1894 0 0 0 0 1894 1894 0

Motor vehicle dri vers 395835 355388 40447 140787 130138 10649 255047 225249 29798

Ships? Deck crews and related wor kers

23593 23593 0 3929 3929 0 19665 19665 0

Street vendors and related wor kers

70876 66386 4490 22111 19638 2473 48765 46748 2017

Shoe cleaning and other street ser vices elementar y occupatio

2300 2300 0 921 921 0 1379 1379 0

Domestic and related helpers, cleaners and launderers

229174 56245 172929 95626 22131 73495 133548 34114 99434

Building caretakers, window and r elated cleaners

12459 8484 3975 5612 2559 3053 6847 5925 921

Messengers, porters, door keepers and related wor kers

134929 123097 11832 65888 59744 6143 69041 63352 5689

Garbage collectors and related labourers

70223 55660 14563 32751 19965 12786 37472 35695 1777

Agricultural, fisher y and related labourers

8614416 3650986 4963430 1058582 242509 816073 7555834 3408477 4147357

Mining and constructi on labourers

773176 699162 74014 192131 169070 23061 581045 530092 50953

Manufacturing labourers

186125 146180 39945 81704 61158 20546 104421 85022 19399

Transport l abourers and freight handlers

790196 769274 20922 200428 193897 6531 589769 575378 14391


186

Table-E31: Employed youth (15-29) and over by major occupation, weekly hours worked, sex and residence

(000) Major occupation Hours worked group

Total <15 hours 15-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60+ hours

Bangladesh 19342 255 4416 1007 6468 4550 2645

Special occupati on 14 0 0 0 8 5 0


199 4 20 24 69 42 40

Professionals 324 7 9 16 176 92 24


215 3 8 8 118 45 33

Clerks 224 3 5 6 120 45 44

Service wor kers and shop and mar ket sales workers

2238 46 284 181 562 506 659

Skilled agricultural and fishery wor kers

1354 83 324 224 343 269 111


2142 21 479 103 582 626 332


1771 4 55 23 701 378 610

Elementary occupations 10897 87 3236 431 3794 2554 796

Male 12210 188 987 893 3857 4000 2286



187 2 19 23 65 42 37

Professionals 206 3 7 11 107 59 19


170 2 7 7 84 39 31

Clerks 198 2 4 6 103 40 43


2063 37 224 173 530 478 622


1248 63 279 219 318 258 110

Craft and releted trade wor kers

1381 6 38 66 494 474 303


1189 3 16 21 480 281 389


Female 7132 67 3430 114 2611 551 359



12 2 2 1 4 1 3

Professionals 119 5 3 5 69 33 5


45 1 1 1 34 6 2

Clerks 26 1 1 1 18 4 2


175 9 60 8 32 28 37


106 20 45 5 24 11 1


761 15 441 37 88 152 28


187

Major occupation Hours worked group



582 1 40 2 221 97 221


Urban 4555 39 665 163 1570 948 1171



56 0 3 4 25 12 12



80 1 3 1 44 16 15

Clerks 88 1 1 1 49 9 27


741 4 48 41 184 157 307


140 8 24 10 40 32 26


649 8 70 46 177 191 156


911 1 11 10 330 148 410


Urban Male 2806 19 115 131 900 750 891



52 0 2 3 25 12 11



63 1 2 1 31 14 13

Clerks 72 1 1 1 39 6 26


677 3 37 39 171 146 281


124 4 21 10 33 30 25


471 0 6 27 147 149 142


480 1 3 10 171 81 215


Urban Female 1749 20 550 31 670 198 280



4 0 1 1 1 1 1



17 0 0 0 13 1 2

Clerks 15 0 0 0 10 4 1


63 1 10 2 13 11 26


17 4 3 0 7 2 1


178 8 64 19 30 43 14


431 1 9 0 158 68 195


188

Major occupation Hours worked group



Rural 14786 216 3752 845 4898 3603 1473



143 4 18 20 43 30 28

Professionals 190 5 5 12 104 53 12


135 2 5 7 74 29 18

Clerks 136 2 4 6 72 35 17


1498 42 236 140 378 349 352


1213 75 300 214 302 237 85


1493 12 409 57 405 435 176


860 3 44 14 371 229 200


Rural Male 9403 169 872 762 2957 3249 1394



135 2 17 20 40 30 26



107 1 4 6 53 24 18

Clerks 125 2 3 5 64 35 17


1386 34 186 134 359 332 341


1124 59 258 209 285 228 85


910 6 32 39 347 325 161


709 2 13 12 309 200 174


Rural Female 5383 47 2880 82 1941 353 79



8 2 1 0 3 0 2



28 1 1 1 21 5 0

Clerks 11 1 1 1 7 0 1


112 8 50 7 18 17 11


89 16 42 5 17 10 0


583 7 377 18 57 110 14


152 1 31 2 63 29 26



189


190

Table-U1: Unemployed and inactive persons aged 15 years and over by age group, sex and residence.

(000) Age group

Total Urban Rural

Unemployed not in labour force



Bangladesh

Total 2566 38933 858 9887 1709 29046

15-19 606 8769 174 2450 432 6319

20-24 534 5710 182 1628 352 4082

25-29 418 3874 143 942 274 2932

30-34 331 3276 126 925 204 2351

35-39 149 2535 48 579 101 1956

40-44 149 2460 49 662 100 1798

45-49 88 1767 35 449 53 1318

50-54 102 2691 44 655 58 2036

55-59 64 2117 21 378 43 1739

60-64 40 1909 12 414 28 1495

65+ 86 3825 23 804 63 3021

Male

Total 1594 8371 524 2296 1070 6074

15-19 375 3908 94 1005 281 2903

20-24 306 1426 96 418 210 1008

25-29 214 418 74 117 140 301

30-34 200 145 78 55 122 91

35-39 121 77 39 18 82 59 40-44 123 91 40 23 83 68

45-49 72 97 32 31 40 66

50-54 66 197 33 77 33 120

55-59 48 266 17 82 31 184

60-64 25 431 8 132 17 299

65+ 45 1315 13 339 32 976

Female

Total 972 30563 334 7591 639 22972

15-19 231 4860 80 1445 152 3415

20-24 228 4284 86 1209 142 3075

25-29 203 3456 69 825 134 2630

30-34 130 3130 48 870 82 2260

35-39 29 2459 10 562 19 1897

40-44 26 2369 9 639 18 1731

45-49 16 1670 3 418 13 1252

50-54 37 2494 11 578 25 1916

55-59 17 1852 4 297 12 1555

60-64 15 1478 4 282 11 1196

65+ 40 2510 10 465 31 2044


191

Table-U2: Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over by level of education, sex and residence.

(000) Level of education Total Urban Rural


Number (000)

Total 2566 1594 972 858 524 334 1709 1070 639

No education 641 356 284 138 83 54 503 273 230

Class i-v 491 307 184 152 90 61 339 216 123

Class vi-viii 419 261 157 122 78 45 296 184 113

Class ix-x 364 222 143 116 63 53 248 159 90

SSC/ Equivalent 258 194 65 110 76 34 148 117 31

HSC/ Equivalent 288 186 102 150 89 61 138 97 41


6 3 3 3 2 1 3 1 2


84 56 28 54 35 20 30 21 9


15 9 6 13 8 5 2 1 1


0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Others 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1

Percent

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

No education 25.0 22.4 29.2 16.1 15.9 16.3 29.4 25.5 36.0

Class i-v 19.1 19.2 18.9 17.7 17.2 18.4 19.8 20.2 19.2

Class vi-viii 16.3 16.4 16.2 14.3 14.8 13.4 17.3 17.2 17.6

Class ix-x 14.2 13.9 14.7 13.5 12.0 15.9 14.5 14.8 14.0

SSC/Equivalent 10.1 12.1 6.7 12.8 14.5 10.1 8.7 11.0 4.8

HSC/Equivalent 11.2 11.7 10.5 17.5 16.9 18.3 8.1 9.1 6.3


.2 .2 .3 .3 .4 .2 .2 .1 .3


3.3 3.5 2.9 6.3 6.6 5.9 1.7 2.0 1.3


.6 .6 .6 1.5 1.6 1.4 .1 .1 .2


.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0

Others .0 .0 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1


192

Table-U3: Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over by Duration of unemployment, sex and residence.

(000) Duration of unemployment


Number Total 2566 1594 972 858 524 334 1709 1070 639

1-3 months 160 138 23 52 47 6 108 91 17

4-6 months 307 208 98 86 61 25 221 148 73

7-9 months 205 135 70 56 38 18 149 97 52

10-12 months 1894 1113 781 663 379 284 1231 734 497

Percent Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1-3 months 6.2% 8.6% 2.3% 6.1% 8.9% 1.8% 6.3% 8.5% 2.6%

4-6 months 11.9% 13.1% 10.1% 10.0% 11.6% 7.6% 12.9% 13.8% 11.4%

7-9 months 8.0% 8.5% 7.2% 6.5% 7.2% 5.4% 8.7% 9.1% 8.2%

10-12 months 73.8% 69.8% 80.3% 77.3% 72.3% 85.2% 72.1% 68.6% 77.8%

Table-U4: Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over by method of job seeking, sex and residence.

(000) Means for looking job


Total

3403 2115 1290 1311 812 501 2095 1307 788

Communicated with government employment

95 77 19 56 45 11 39 32 7

Communicated with private employment agencies

593 410 183 192 127 65 402 283 119

Direct contact with employer

321 258 63 117 95 22 204 164 40

Search at factory 842 577 265 330 229 101 512 348 164

Communicate with friends/relatives

921 478 444 340 171 169 582 307 275

Application for job using newspaper

109 79 30 63 43 21 46 37 9

Application thru internet

57 53 4 41 37 4 17 17 0

Others 465 183 282 172 65 108 293 119 174


193

Table-U5: Inactive persons aged 15 years and over by reasons of not trying to find job, sex and residence.

(000) Reasons of not looking for work


Total 38811 8305 30505 9850 2280 7570 28961 6025 22936

Good job not available

2 2 0 0 0 0 2 2 0

Studying 7726 4518 3208 2366 1295 1071 5360 3223 2137

Household work

25884 1065 24819 6145 217 5928 19739 848 18891

Retired person 1438 855 583 479 339 140 959 516 443

No need to work

1015 428 587 275 103 172 740 325 415

Illness 1687 844 843 360 189 171 1327 655 672

Disappointment by looking for job

33 31 2 8 8 0 25 23 2

Others 1020 559 461 214 128 87 806 432 374

Table-U6: Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over by division, district, sex and residence.

(000) Division/District

Total Urban Rural


Bangladesh 2566 1594 972 858 524 334 1709 1070 639

Barisal Total 152 98 54 31 21 10 121 77 44

Barguna 13 5 8 2 1 1 12 4 7

Barisal 39 24 16 11 7 4 29 17 12

Bhola 46 34 12 11 9 2 34 25 9

Jhalokati 13 10 3 1 0 0 12 10 2

Patuakhali 21 13 8 2 2 0 19 12 7

Pirojpur 20 12 8 4 2 2 15 10 5

Chittagong Total 565 371 193 164 102 62 401 269 132

Bandarban 6 4 2 0 0 0 6 4 2

Brahmanbaria 42 30 12 8 4 4 34 26 8

Chandpur 63 47 15 15 6 9 48 42 6

Chittagong 141 97 44 83 61 23 57 36 21

Comilla 82 51 31 13 8 5 69 43 26

Cox's Bazar 32 16 16 6 3 3 26 14 12

Feni 31 21 10 3 2 1 29 19 10

Khagrachhari 24 13 11 6 3 3 18 10 8

Lakshmipur 50 40 10 13 9 4 37 31 6

Noakhali 67 44 23 13 7 7 54 38 16


194

Division/District

Total Urban Rural


Rangamati 27 8 19 5 2 3 22 7 16

Dhaka Total 1023 632 391 484 297 188 539 336 203

Dhaka 357 238 120 321 208 114 36 30 6

Faridpur 13 5 8 3 1 2 10 4 6

Gazipur 82 43 39 33 11 21 49 31 18

Gopalganj 55 49 7 8 8 0 48 41 7

Jamalpur 34 15 19 8 5 3 26 10 16

Kishorgonj 49 17 31 13 4 9 36 13 22

Madaripur 38 18 20 2 2 0 36 16 20

Manikganj 36 30 6 0 0 0 36 30 6

Munshiganj 26 18 9 1 1 0 25 17 9

Mymensingh 66 36 29 24 9 15 42 28 14

Narayanganj 49 39 10 28 25 3 22 15 7

Narsingdi 56 28 28 10 7 3 47 21 25

Netrakona 37 14 23 12 7 6 24 7 17

Rajbari 15 3 12 7 2 5 8 1 7

Shariatpur 22 14 8 2 2 0 20 12 8

Sherpur 23 17 6 1 0 1 21 17 5

Tangail 65 49 16 11 6 5 54 43 11

Khulna Total 243 141 102 77 42 35 166 99 67

Bagerhat 39 24 15 5 3 2 33 21 12

Chuadanga 13 7 7 6 2 4 7 5 3

Jessore 21 13 8 5 3 2 16 10 6

Jhenaidah 40 19 22 5 3 2 35 15 20

Khulna 58 31 27 47 23 24 10 7 3

Kushti a 27 18 8 5 5 0 22 14 8

Magura 4 1 3 0 0 0 4 1 3

Meherpur 6 3 3 0 0 0 6 3 3

Narail 10 10 1 1 1 0 10 9 1

Satkhira 26 16 9 3 2 1 22 14 8

Rajshahi Total 379 237 141 73 46 27 305 191 114

Bogra 44 25 19 4 2 2 41 23 18

Dinajpur 31 20 10 2 1 1 29 19 9

Gaibandha 22 13 9 0 0 0 22 13 9

Joypurhat 6 3 3 4 3 1 2 0 2


195

Division/District

Total Urban Rural


Kurigram 15 10 5 1 0 1 14 10 4

Lalmonirhat 24 18 6 7 7 0 18 11 6

Naogaon 30 12 18 3 1 2 27 11 16

Natore 27 21 6 5 5 0 22 17 6

Nawabganj 10 7 3 4 4 0 7 4 3

Nilphamari 15 8 7 5 3 2 10 6 5

Pabna 47 34 13 8 5 4 39 29 9

Panchagarh 8 5 4 2 0 2 6 5 2

Rajshahi 25 14 11 18 9 9 6 5 2

Rangpur 39 29 9 7 5 2 32 24 7

Sirajganj 31 15 16 5 3 2 26 12 14

Thakurgaon 5 2 3 0 0 0 5 2 3

Sylhet Total 206 114 92 29 16 12 177 98 79

Habiganj 23 13 10 1 1 1 22 12 9

Maulvi bazar 51 37 14 7 5 2 44 31 12

Sunamganj 45 21 23 7 2 5 37 19 18

Syl het 87 43 44 12 8 4 75 35 40


196

Table-Y01: Youths (aged 15-29 years) by economic activity, sex and residence

(000) Economic activity

Total Urban Rural



economically active population/labour force

Total 20900 13105 7796 5055 3070 1985 15845 10034 5811

employed 19343 12210 7133 4556 2806 1750 14786 9403 5383

unempl oyed 1558 895 663 499 264 235 1059 631 428

not in labour force

Total 18353 5752 12600 5020 1540 3480 13333 4212 9120

student 7719 4493 3226 2346 1283 1064 5372 3210 2162

household wor k 9619 638 8981 2425 107 2318 7194 531 6663

others 1015 622 393 248 151 98 767 471 296

Table-Y02: Youths (aged 15-24 years) by economic activity, sex and residence

(000) Economic activity

Total Urban Rural



Economically active population/labour force

Total 13170 8169 5001 3243 1902 9927 6267 3660 1341

employed 12030 7489 4541 2887 1712 9143 5776 3366 1175

unempl oyed 1140 681 459 356 190 785 491 294 166

Not in labour force

Total 14479 5334 9145 4078 1424 10401 3911 6490 2654

student 7395 4247 3148 2226 1198 5168 3049 2119 1028

household wor k

6199 529 5670 1634 92 4566 437 4128 1542

others 885 558 327 218 133 667 425 242 84

Table-Y03: Youth labour force (aged 15-29 years) by district, sex and residence

(000) DISTRICT NAME Total Urban Rural


Bangladesh 20900 13105 7796 5055 3070 1985 15845 10034 5811

Bagerhat 204 124 79 33 18 15 171 106 65

Bandarban 75 35 40 22 10 13 52 25 27

Barguna 134 80 54 15 8 7 119 72 46

Barisal 342 223 119 50 31 19 292 193 99

Bhola 246 146 100 25 16 9 221 130 91

Bogra 474 284 189 47 28 20 427 257 170


197

DISTRICT NAME Total Urban Rural


Brahmanbaria 260 185 75 34 27 7 226 159 67

Chandpur 325 246 80 75 49 25 251 196 54

Chittagong 1170 747 423 637 391 246 533 356 177

Chuadanga 168 109 58 53 33 20 114 77 38

Comilla 658 396 262 63 41 22 595 355 239

Cox's Bazar 282 207 76 54 45 9 228 162 66

Dhaka 1543 928 615 1464 876 588 79 52 27

Dinajpur 478 299 179 49 25 24 428 274 155

Faridpur 224 165 59 21 19 2 203 146 57

Feni 202 132 70 16 13 3 186 119 67

Gaibandha 324 188 136 21 14 7 304 174 130

Gazipur 324 176 147 168 79 89 156 97 58

Gopalganj 163 112 51 12 9 3 151 103 48

Habiganj 309 210 99 24 17 6 285 193 92

Jamalpur 363 198 165 66 31 34 297 166 131

Jessore 418 250 168 39 27 12 378 222 156

Jhalokati 78 53 25 11 7 4 67 46 22

Jhenaidah 222 141 82 29 18 12 193 123 70

Joypurhat 184 102 83 23 15 8 162 86 75

Khagrachhari 169 99 70 49 30 19 120 69 51

Khulna 329 201 128 191 117 74 138 84 54

Kishorgonj 473 300 173 63 37 26 410 263 148

Kurigram 316 217 99 45 34 10 271 182 89

Kushti a 313 189 124 35 18 17 278 171 107

Lakshmipur 261 183 77 50 33 17 211 151 60

Lalmonirhat 239 136 103 27 18 9 213 118 94

Madaripur 175 105 70 18 11 7 158 94 63

Magura 114 77 37 7 5 2 108 73 35

Manikganj 180 123 57 17 12 5 164 111 53

Maulvi bazar 204 133 71 22 17 6 182 116 65

Meherpur 117 80 36 6 5 1 111 75 36

Munshiganj 145 95 50 12 10 2 133 86 48

Mymensingh 820 493 327 155 95 60 665 398 268

Naogaon 524 322 203 37 20 18 487 302 185

Narail 100 56 43 3 0 3 97 56 41

Narayanganj 514 329 184 315 194 122 198 136 63

Narsingdi 283 158 125 33 17 17 250 142 108

Natore 219 119 100 28 15 13 191 104 87

Nawabganj 283 178 105 43 29 15 240 149 91

Netrakona 374 233 141 40 23 18 334 210 124


198

DISTRICT NAME Total Urban Rural


Nilphamari 268 170 98 45 26 19 223 144 79

Noakhali 335 225 110 58 41 17 277 184 93

Pabna 364 238 126 59 41 19 305 197 108

Panchagarh 210 123 87 26 14 12 184 110 75

Patuakhali 228 140 88 23 16 7 205 125 81

Pirojpur 116 82 33 14 8 6 102 74 28

Rajbari 173 108 65 20 13 7 153 95 58

Rajshahi 361 219 142 118 65 53 243 154 89

Rangamati 117 68 49 32 20 12 85 48 37

Rangpur 535 356 179 95 55 40 440 301 139

Satkhira 348 221 127 26 16 10 322 205 117

Shariatpur 156 107 49 14 9 5 143 99 44

Sherpur 241 146 95 26 17 9 215 129 86

Sirajganj 484 337 147 49 31 18 435 306 129

Sunamganj 411 267 144 46 30 17 364 237 127

Syl het 365 234 132 53 35 18 312 198 114

Tangail 589 335 254 83 35 47 507 299 207

Thakurgaon 275 163 112 21 14 7 254 149 105

Table-Y04: Youth labour force (aged 15-24 years) by division, sex and residence

(000) Division

Total Urban Rural


Number

Total 13170 8169 5001 3243 1902 1341 9927 6267 3660

Barisal 674 415 259 79 45 34 595 370 225

Chittagong 2610 1704 907 732 462 270 1878 1241 637

Dhaka 4320 2588 1732 1631 897 734 2689 1691 998

Khulna 1407 869 538 260 157 102 1147 711 436

Rajshahi 3267 2002 1265 441 272 169 2826 1729 1097

Syl het 892 592 300 100 68 32 792 524 268

Percent

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Barisal 5.1 5.1 5.2 2.4 2.4 2.5 6.0 5.9 6.1

Chittagong 19.8 20.9 18.1 22.6 24.3 20.1 18.9 19.8 17.4

Dhaka 32.8 31.7 34.6 50.3 47.2 54.7 27.1 27.0 27.3

Khulna 10.7 10.6 10.8 8.0 8.3 7.6 11.6 11.4 11.9

Rajshahi 24.8 24.5 25.3 13.6 14.3 12.6 28.5 27.6 30.0

Syl het 6.8 7.2 6.0 3.1 3.6 2.4 8.0 8.4 7.3


199

Table-Y05: Youth (aged 15-29 years) Participation rate by age group, sex and residence (000)

Age group Total population Economically active population

Total Male Femal e Total Male Femal e

Total Total 39253 18857 20396 20900 13105 7796

15-19 14463 7575 6888 5694 3667 2028

20-24 13186 5929 7257 7476 4503 2973

25-29 11604 5353 6251 7730 4935 2795

Urban Total 10075 4610 5465 5055 3070 1985

15-19 3851 1811 2040 1401 806 595

20-24 3470 1515 1956 1842 1096 746

25-29 2754 1284 1469 1812 1168 644

Rural Total 29178 14247 14931 15845 10034 5811

15-19 10612 5764 4848 4294 2861 1433

20-24 9716 4414 5302 5633 3406 2227

25-29 8850 4069 4781 5918 3767 2151

Table-Y06: Employed and unemployed youths (aged 15-29 years) by age group, sex and residence

(000) Age group

Total Urban Rural


Empl oyed

Total 19343 12210 7133 4556 2806 1750 14786 9403 5383

15-19 5089 3292 1796 1227 712 515 3862 2580 1281

20-24 6941 4197 2745 1660 1000 660 5281 3196 2085

25-29 7313 4721 2592 1669 1094 575 5644 3627 2017

Unemployed

Total 1558 895 663 499 264 235 1059 631 428

15-19 606 375 231 174 94 80 432 281 152

20-24 534 306 228 182 96 86 352 210 142

25-29 418 214 203 143 74 69 274 140 134

Empl oyed

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

15-19 26.3 27.0 25.2 26.9 25.4 29.4 26.1 27.4 23.8

20-24 35.9 34.4 38.5 36.4 35.6 37.7 35.7 34.0 38.7

25-29 37.8 38.7 36.3 36.6 39.0 32.8 38.2 38.6 37.5

Unemployed

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

15-19 38.9 41.9 34.9 34.8 35.7 33.9 40.8 44.5 35.4

20-24 34.3 34.2 34.4 36.4 36.3 36.6 33.3 33.3 33.3

25-29 26.8 23.9 30.7 28.7 28.0 29.5 25.9 22.2 31.3


200

Table-Y07: Youth (aged 15-29 years) employment rate by age group, sex and residence

(000) Total population Emplo yed

Total Male Femal e Total Male Femal e

Total Total 39253 18857 20396 19343 12210 7133

15-19 14463 7575 6888 5089 3292 1796

20-24 13186 5929 7257 6941 4197 2745

25-29 11604 5353 6251 7313 4721 2592

Urban Total 10075 4610 5465 4556 2806 1750

15-19 3851 1811 2040 1227 712 515

20-24 3470 1515 1956 1660 1000 660

25-29 2754 1284 1469 1669 1094 575

Rural Total 29178 14247 14931 14786 9403 5383

15-19 10612 5764 4848 3862 2580 1281

20-24 9716 4414 5302 5281 3196 2085

25-29 8850 4069 4781 5644 3627 2017

Table-Y08: Youth (aged 15-29 years) labour force participation rate by sex and district

(000) District name Total population Economically active population

Total Male Female Total Male Female

Bangladesh 39253 18857 20396 20900 13105 7796

Bagerhat 410 189 222 204 124 79

Bandarban 94 44 49 75 35 40

Barguna 259 112 146 134 80 54 Barisal 703 358 345 342 223 119

Bhola 453 227 225 246 146 100

Bogra 959 457 501 474 284 189

Brahmanbaria 589 274 315 260 185 75

Chandpur 762 380 382 325 246 80

Chittagong 2234 1054 1180 1170 747 423

Chuadanga 308 154 153 168 109 58

Comilla 1261 594 667 658 396 262

Cox's Bazar 554 306 248 282 207 76

Dhaka 3320 1478 1842 1543 928 615

Dinajpur 856 440 416 478 299 179

Faridpur 492 232 260 224 165 59

Feni 387 186 202 202 132 70

Gaibandha 603 268 335 324 188 136

Gazipur 621 272 349 324 176 147

Gopalganj 358 199 159 163 112 51

Habiganj 519 255 265 309 210 99

Jamalpur 593 281 313 363 198 165

Jessore 768 381 387 418 250 168

Jhalokati 183 94 89 78 53 25 Jhenaidah 426 212 213 222 141 82


201

District name Total population Economically active population Total Male Female Total Male Female

Joypurhat 318 155 163 184 102 83

Khagrachhari 269 132 137 169 99 70

Khulna 728 324 404 329 201 128

Kishorgonj 806 385 420 473 300 173

Kurigram 536 277 259 316 217 99 Kushti a 598 276 322 313 189 124

Lakshmipur 519 249 270 261 183 77

Lalmonirhat 402 189 212 239 136 103

Madaripur 343 160 184 175 105 70

Magura 228 115 113 114 77 37

Manikganj 384 190 194 180 123 57

Maulvi bazar 411 195 216 204 133 71

Meherpur 228 108 121 117 80 36

Munshiganj 288 138 150 145 95 50

Mymensingh 1336 659 676 820 493 327

Naogaon 832 428 404 524 322 203

Narail 169 77 92 100 56 43

Narayanganj 935 421 515 514 329 184

Narsingdi 497 232 265 283 158 125

Natore 510 245 265 219 119 100

Nawabganj 499 234 265 283 178 105

Netrakona 653 308 345 374 233 141

Nilphamari 479 239 239 268 170 98

Noakhali 745 355 390 335 225 110

Pabna 789 399 389 364 238 126 Panchagarh 299 146 153 210 123 87

Patuakhali 414 199 215 228 140 88

Pirojpur 281 141 140 116 82 33

Rajbari 291 139 152 173 108 65

Rajshahi 698 340 358 361 219 142

Rangamati 198 88 111 117 68 49

Rangpur 865 430 434 535 356 179

Satkhira 665 323 342 348 221 127

Shariatpur 282 150 132 156 107 49

Sherpur 379 179 200 241 146 95

Sirajganj 879 464 415 484 337 147

Sunamganj 659 320 339 411 267 144

Syl het 703 331 372 365 234 132

Tangail 966 451 516 589 335 254

Thakurgaon 462 218 243 275 163 112


202

Table-Y09: Youth (aged 15-29 years) employment rate by sex and district (000)

District name Total population Emplo yed Total Male Female Total Male Female

Total 39253 18857 20396 19343 12210 7133

Bagerhat 410 189 222 184 111 72 Bandarban 94 44 49 71 33 39

Barguna 259 112 146 127 78 49

Barisal 703 358 345 316 207 109

Bhola 453 227 225 212 119 93

Bogra 959 457 501 454 275 178

Brahmanbaria 589 274 315 230 164 66

Chandpur 762 380 382 288 219 68

Chittagong 2234 1054 1180 1078 686 392

Chuadanga 308 154 153 160 105 54

Comilla 1261 594 667 602 363 239

Cox's bazar 554 306 248 258 195 63

Dhaka 3320 1478 1842 1360 829 531

Dinajpur 856 440 416 468 293 174

Faridpur 492 232 260 216 161 55

Feni 387 186 202 179 116 63

Gaibandha 603 268 335 309 181 129

Gazipur 621 272 349 283 163 121

Gopalganj 358 199 159 113 68 45

Habiganj 519 255 265 294 201 93

Jamalpur 593 281 313 340 188 152 Jessore 768 381 387 403 241 162

Jhalokati 183 94 89 67 44 23

Jhenaid ah 426 212 213 205 137 69

Jo ypurhat 318 155 163 180 100 80

Khagrachhari 269 132 137 154 89 65

Khulna 728 324 404 296 189 107

Kishorgonj 806 385 420 439 289 149

Kurigram 536 277 259 305 211 94

Kushtia 598 276 322 299 180 119

Lakshmipur 519 249 270 221 151 69

Lalmonirhat 402 189 212 236 135 100

Madaripur 343 160 184 145 91 53

Magura 228 115 113 113 77 36

Manikganj 384 190 194 163 108 55

Maulvibazar 411 195 216 176 114 62

Meherpur 228 108 121 114 79 35

Munshiganj 288 138 150 129 86 44

Mymensingh 1336 659 676 776 469 307

Naogaon 832 428 404 509 317 192

Narail 169 77 92 92 49 43 Narayanganj 935 421 515 491 311 179


203

District name Total population Emplo yed Total Male Female Total Male Female

Narsingdi 497 232 265 240 138 102

Natore 510 245 265 202 106 96

Nawabganj 499 234 265 279 174 105

Netrakona 653 308 345 352 229 124

Nilphamari 479 239 239 263 168 96 Noakhali 745 355 390 283 190 93

Pabna 789 399 389 334 216 118

Panchag arh 299 146 153 205 122 84

Patuakh ali 414 199 215 214 131 83

Pirojpur 281 141 140 106 76 30

Rajbari 291 139 152 164 107 57

Rajshahi 698 340 358 348 214 135

Rangamati 198 88 111 101 64 37

Rangpur 865 430 434 515 341 174

Satkhira 665 323 342 334 213 122

Shariatpur 282 150 132 141 98 43

Sherpur 379 179 200 232 139 93

Sirajganj 879 464 415 469 331 139

Sunamganj 659 320 339 380 255 125

Sylhet 703 331 372 307 210 97

Tangail 966 451 516 545 300 245

Thakurgaon 462 218 243 273 163 110

Table-Y10: Economically active, employed and unemployed youths (aged 15-29 years) by literacy rate, sex and residence

(000) economically active population Emplo yed Unemplo yed

Total Literate Not-literate



Total Total 20900 14539 6362 19343 13233 6110 1558 1306 252

Male 13105 8985 4120 12210 8222 3988 895 763 132

Femal e 7796 5554 2242 7133 5011 2122 663 543 120

Rural Total 15845 10713 5132 14786 9842 4945 1059 872 187

Male 10034 6639 3395 9403 6105 3299 631 534 97

Femal e 5811 4074 1736 5383 3737 1646 428 337 91

Urban Total 5055 3825 1230 4556 3391 1165 499 434 65

Male 3070 2346 724 2806 2117 689 264 229 35

Femal e 1985 1479 506 1750 1274 476 235 206 30


204

Table-Y11: Economically active, employed and unemployed youths (aged 15-24 years) by literacy rate

(000) economically active population Emplo yed Unemplo yed




Total Total 13170 9477 3694 12030 8514 3516 1140 962 178

Male 8169 5725 2445 7489 5145 2344 681 580 101

Femal e 5001 3752 1249 4541 3370 1172 459 382 77

Rural Total 9927 6992 2935 9143 6342 2801 785 650 134

Male 6267 4271 1996 5776 3858 1919 491 413 77

Femal e 3660 2721 939 3366 2484 882 294 237 57

Urban Total 3243 2485 759 2887 2173 715 356 312 44

Male 1902 1454 449 1712 1287 425 190 167 23

Femal e 1341 1031 310 1175 886 289 166 145 20

Table-Y12: Economically active population, employed youths and unemployed youths (aged 15-29 years) by level of education and sex

(000) Highest class passed

Economically active population Emplo yed Unemplo yed


Number

Total 20900 13105 7796 19343 12210 7133 1558 895 663

No education 5614 3595 2019 5370 3476 1895 244 120 124

Class i-v 5726 3850 1876 5393 3652 1741 333 199 134

Class vi-viii 4018 2423 1595 3709 2243 1466 309 180 129

Class ix-x 2785 1518 1267 2492 1354 1138 293 164 129

S.S.C/equivalent 1469 878 591 1297 762 535 172 116 56

H.S.C/equivalent 782 475 306 620 383 237 161 92 69


252 184 69 250 183 68 2 1 1


183 128 56 145 107 38 38 21 17


20 15 5 16 12 4 5 3 1


35 27 8 35 27 8 0 0 0

Others 16 11 5 15 11 4 1 0 1

Percent

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

No education 26.9 27.4 25.9 27.8 28.5 26.6 15.7 13.4 18.8

Class i-v 27.4 29.4 24.1 27.9 29.9 24.4 21.4 22.2 20.3

Class vi-viii 19.2 18.5 20.5 19.2 18.4 20.6 19.8 20.1 19.4

Class ix-x 13.3 11.6 16.3 12.9 11.1 16.0 18.8 18.3 19.5

S.S.C/equivalent 7.0 6.7 7.6 6.7 6.2 7.5 11.1 13.0 8.5

H.S.C/equivalent 3.7 3.6 3.9 3.2 3.1 3.3 10.4 10.3 10.5


1.2 1.4 .9 1.3 1.5 .9 .1 .1 .1

Master .9 1.0 .7 .8 .9 .5 2.4 2.3 2.6


205


Economically active population Emplo yed Unemplo yed


degree/equivalent


.1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .3 .4 .2


.2 .2 .1 .2 .2 .1 .0 .0 .0

Others .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .0 .0 .1

Table-Y13: Economically active, employed and unemployed youths (aged 15-24 years) by level of education and sex

(000) Highest class passed economically active population Emplo yed Unemplo yed

Total Male Femal e Total Male Femal e Total Male Femal e Number

Total 13170 8169 5001 12030 7489 4541 1140 681 459

No education 3101 2021 1080 2937 1932 1005 164 89 75

Class i-v 3849 2610 1239 3578 2442 1136 270 168 102

Class vi-viii 2803 1682 1121 2570 1541 1030 233 142 91

Class ix-x 1921 993 929 1680 856 824 241 136 105

S.S.C/equivalent 874 497 377 754 417 337 120 81 39

H.S.C/equivalent 448 249 199 353 192 161 95 57 38


88 58 29 87 58 29 0 0 0


48 30 18 36 26 10 12 4 8


8 8 0 4 4 0 3 3 0


17 12 5 17 12 5 0 0 0

Others 13 8 5 12 8 4 1 0 1

Percent

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

No education 23.5 24.7 21.6 24.4 25.8 22.1 14.4 13.1 16.4 Class i-v 29.2 31.9 24.8 29.7 32.6 25.0 23.7 24.7 22.3

Class vi-viii 21.3 20.6 22.4 21.4 20.6 22.7 20.4 20.8 19.9

Class ix-x 14.6 12.1 18.6 14.0 11.4 18.1 21.1 20.0 22.9

S.S.C/equivalent 6.6 6.1 7.5 6.3 5.6 7.4 10.5 11.9 8.6

H.S.C/equivalent 3.4 3.1 4.0 2.9 2.6 3.5 8.3 8.4 8.2


.7 .7 .6 .7 .8 .6 .0 .1 .0


.4 .4 .4 .3 .3 .2 1.1 .7 1.7


.1 .1 .0 .0 .1 .0 .3 .5 .0


.1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .1 .0 .0 .0

Others .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .0 .1


206

Table-Y14: Employed youths (aged 15-29 years) by major industry, sex and residence

(000) Major industry Total Urban Rural


Total 19343 12210 7133 4556 2806 1750 14786 9403 5383

agriculture, for estry and fishing

9986 4918 5067 1201 370 832 8785 4549 4236


manufacturing 2825 1894 930 1297 738 559 1528 1156 372

electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning suppl y

34 33 2 15 14 1 19 18 1


5 4 1 2 1 1 3 3 0

constructi on 1065 995 70 302 280 22 764 715 48


1791 1696 96 607 577 31 1184 1119 65


1243 1184 59 351 335 15 892 848 44

accommodation and food ser vice acti vities

276 263 13 86 81 5 190 182 8


18 17 1 6 6 0 11 10 1

financi al and insurance activiti es

94 73 21 52 39 13 42 34 8

real estate acti vities 8 8 0 5 5 0 3 3 0

professional, scientific and technical acti vities

31 26 5 10 9 2 21 18 4


107 91 15 45 38 7 62 54 9


115 108 7 47 42 5 68 66 2

education 267 156 111 108 56 52 159 100 58

human health and social wor k acti vities

76 57 20 34 22 12 43 35 8


23 22 1 3 3 0 20 19 1

other ser vice ac tiviti es 1110 602 508 272 163 109 839 439 399


250 59 191 113 28 85 137 32 106


207

Table-Y15: Employed youths (aged 15-24 years) by major industry, sex and residence

(000) Major industry Total Urban Rural


Number (000)

Total 12030 7489 4541 2887 1712 1175 9143 5776 3366


6325 3201 3125 775 251 523 5551 2950 2601

Mining and quarrying 43 29 14 7 6 1 35 22 13

Manufacturing 1820 1189 631 898 468 430 923 722 201


26 24 2 12 11 1 14 13 1


3 3 1 1 0 1 3 3 0

Construction 706 665 41 187 172 15 519 493 26


1002 940 62 377 355 22 625 585 40


631 578 53 188 175 13 443 403 40


202 193 9 60 56 3 143 137 6


11 11 1 5 5 0 6 5 1


41 32 9 24 18 6 17 14 3

Real estate activities 3 3 0 2 2 0 1 1 0


17 12 5 5 4 1 12 8 4


48 39 10 21 15 6 27 23 4

Public administration and defence; compulsory social securit

63 57 6 24 21 3 39 36 2

Education 127 72 55 57 29 28 70 43 27


37 24 12 16 8 8 21 17 4


15 14 1 1 1 0 14 13 1

Other service activities 830 378 452 180 100 81 650 279 371


94 39 55 51 18 33 43 21 22

Percent

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0


52.6 42.7 68.8 26.8 14.7 44.5 60.7 51.1 77.3

Mining and quarrying .4 .4 .3 .2 .4 .1 .4 .4 .4

Manufacturing 15.1 15.9 13.9 31.1 27.3 36.6 10.1 12.5 6.0


.2 .3 .0 .4 .6 .1 .2 .2 .0

Water supply; sewerage, waste management and

.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1 .0 .0 .0


208

Major industry Total Urban Rural


remediation act

Construction 5.9 8.9 .9 6.5 10.1 1.3 5.7 8.5 .8


8.3 12.5 1.4 13.1 20.7 1.9 6.8 10.1 1.2


5.2 7.7 1.2 6.5 10.2 1.1 4.8 7.0 1.2


1.7 2.6 .2 2.1 3.3 .3 1.6 2.4 .2


.1 .1 .0 .2 .3 .0 .1 .1 .0


.3 .4 .2 .8 1.1 .5 .2 .2 .1

Real estate activities .0 .0 .0 .1 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0


.1 .2 .1 .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1


.4 .5 .2 .7 .9 .5 .3 .4 .1

Public administration and defence; compulsory social securit

.5 .8 .1 .8 1.2 .3 .4 .6 .1

Education 1.1 1.0 1.2 2.0 1.7 2.4 .8 .7 .8


.3 .3 .3 .5 .4 .7 .2 .3 .1


.1 .2 .0 .0 .1 .0 .2 .2 .0

Other service activities 6.9 5.1 9.9 6.2 5.8 6.9 7.1 4.8 11.0


.8 .5 1.2 1.8 1.1 2.8 .5 .4 .7

Table-Y16: Employed youths (aged 15-29 years) by major occupation, sex and residence

(000) Major occupation Total Urban Rural


Total 19343 12210 7133 4556 2806 1750 14786 9403 5383Special occupati on 14 14 0 6 6 0 8 8 0Lagislators, senior officials and managers

199 187 12 56 52 4 143 135 8

Professionals 324 206 119 135 74 61 190 132 58Technicians and associated professionals

215 170 45 80 63 17 135 107 28

Clerks 224 198 26 88 72 15 136 125 11Service wor kers and shop and mar ket sales wor kers

2238 2063 175 741 677 63 1498 1386 112


1354 1248 106 140 124 17 1213 1124 89


2142 1381 761 649 471 178 1493 910 583


1771 1189 582 911 480 431 860 709 152

Elementary occupations 10898 5592 5306 1758 794 964 9140 4798 4342


209

Major occupation Total Urban Rural Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

Percent Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0Special occupati on .1 .1 .0 .1 .2 .0 .1 .1 .0Lagislators, senior officials and managers

1.0 1.5 .2 1.2 1.9 .2 1.0 1.4 .1

Professionals 1.7 1.7 1.7 3.0 2.6 3.5 1.3 1.4 1.1Technicians and associated professionals

1.1 1.4 .6 1.7 2.2 .9 .9 1.1 .5

Clerks 1.2 1.6 .4 1.9 2.6 .9 .9 1.3 .2Service wor kers and shop and mar ket sales wor kers

11.6 16.9 2.5 16.3 24.1 3.6 10.1 14.7 2.1


7.0 10.2 1.5 3.1 4.4 .9 8.2 12.0 1.7


11.1 11.3 10.7 14.2 16.8 10.2 10.1 9.7 10.8


9.2 9.7 8.2 20.0 17.1 24.6 5.8 7.5 2.8

Elementary occupations 56.3 45.8 74.4 38.6 28.3 55.1 61.8 51.0 80.7

Table-Y17: Employed youths (aged 15-24 years) by major occupation, sex and residence

(000) Major occupation

Total Urban Rural


Number (000)

Total 12030 7489 4541 2887 1712 1175 9143 5776 3366



86 78 8 29 27 2 57 51 6

Professionals 156 91 64 71 37 34 84 54 30


107 85 22 41 31 11 66 55 11

Clerks 109 93 16 38 30 8 71 63 8


1278 1177 101 474 429 46 804 748 55

Skilled agricultural and fisher y workers

917 844 72 92 77 16 824 768 57


1490 915 575 418 290 128 1073 626 447


1234 757 477 649 300 349 585 457 129


6658 3452 3205 1076 494 582 5582 2958 2623


210

Major occupation

Total Urban Rural


Percent

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Special occupati on 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0


0.7 1.0 0.2 1.0 1.6 0.2 0.6 0.9 0.2

Professionals 1.3 1.2 1.4 2.5 2.2 2.9 0.9 0.9 0.9


0.9 1.1 0.5 1.4 1.8 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.3

Clerks 0.9 1.2 0.4 1.3 1.8 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.2


10.6 15.7 2.2 16.4 25.0 3.9 8.8 13.0 1.6


7.6 11.3 1.6 3.2 4.5 1.3 9.0 13.3 1.7


12.4 12.2 12.7 14.5 16.9 10.9 11.7 10.8 13.3


10.3 10.1 10.5 22.5 17.5 29.7 6.4 7.9 3.8


55.3 46.1 70.6 37.3 28.8 49.5 61.1 51.2 77.9

Table-Y18: Employed youths (aged 15-29 years) by employment status, sex and residence


Total Urban Rural


Number (000)

Total 19343 12210 7133 4556 2806 1750 14786 9403 5383


3287 2471 816 1522 1001 520 1765 1470 295

Emplo yer 19 16 3 4 3 0 16 13 3

Self emp lo yed (agri)

978 899 79 73 64 10 905 835 70


2598 2326 272 644 524 120 1954 1801 153


7679 2241 5438 1168 273 894 6511 1968 4544


663 502 161 304 207 97 359 295 64

Day labourer (agri) 2473 2327 147 181 170 11 2292 2157 136


1599 1442 157 626 560 66 973 882 91

Servant 87 27 60 41 9 32 46 18 28

Percent

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0


17.0 20.2 11.4 33.4 35.7 29.7 11.9 15.6 5.5

Emplo yer 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1


211

Status in emplo yment

Total Urban Rural


Self emp lo yed (agri)

5.1 7.4 1.1 1.6 2.3 0.5 6.1 8.9 1.3


13.4 19.0 3.8 14.1 18.7 6.8 13.2 19.2 2.8


39.7 18.4 76.2 25.6 9.7 51.1 44.0 20.9 84.4


3.4 4.1 2.3 6.7 7.4 5.5 2.4 3.1 1.2

Day labourer (agri) 12.8 19.1 2.1 4.0 6.1 0.6 15.5 22.9 2.5


8.3 11.8 2.2 13.7 20.0 3.8 6.6 9.4 1.7

Servant 0.4 0.2 0.8 0.9 0.3 1.8 0.3 0.2 0.5

Table-Y19: Employed youths (aged 15-24 years) by status in employment, sex and residence

(000) Status in employment

Total Urban Rural


Number (000)

Total 12030 7489 4541 2887 1712 1175 9143 5776 3366


2121 1558 563 997 617 380 1124 941 183

Empl oyer 13 10 3 2 2 0 11 8 2


442 394 48 35 27 8 407 367 40


1370 1209 162 314 243 71 1056 965 91

Unpaid family wor ker

5103 1659 3444 779 213 566 4324 1446 2879

Irregular paid wor ker

465 358 107 225 142 83 240 216 24

Day l abourer (agri)

1466 1380 86 125 117 8 1341 1263 78

Day l abourer (non-agri)

1000 913 87 384 346 38 616 567 49

Servant 63 22 41 27 7 21 35 15 20

Percent

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0


17.6 20.8 12.4 34.5 36.0 32.4 12.3 16.3 5.4

Empl oyer .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .0 .1 .1 .1


3.7 5.3 1.1 1.2 1.6 .7 4.5 6.4 1.2


11.4 16.1 3.6 10.9 14.2 6.0 11.6 16.7 2.7

Unpaid family wor ker

42.4 22.2 75.8 27.0 12.5 48.1 47.3 25.0 85.5

Irregular paid wor ker

3.9 4.8 2.4 7.8 8.3 7.1 2.6 3.7 .7

Day l abourer (agri)

12.2 18.4 1.9 4.3 6.8 .7 14.7 21.9 2.3

Day l abourer (non-agri)

8.3 12.2 1.9 13.3 20.2 3.2 6.7 9.8 1.5

Servant .5 .3 .9 1.0 .4 1.7 .4 .3 .6


212

Table-Y20: Employed youths (aged 15-29 years) by nature of work, sex and residence

Work type


Number (000) Total 19343 12210 7133 4556 2806 1750 14786 9403 5383

Full time 18869 11993 6876 4444 2754 1690 14425 9239 5186

Part time 516 259 257 119 59 60 397 200 198

Percent

Full time 97.6 98.2 96.4 97.5 98.1 96.6 97.6 98.2 96.3

Part time 2.7 2.1 3.6 2.6 2.1 3.4 2.7 2.1 3.7

Table-Y21: Employed youths (aged 15-29 years) by major occupation and employment status. Total Urban Rural


Number (ooo)

Total 19343 12210 7133 4556 2806 1750 14786 9403 5383

Special occupation

14 14 0 6 6 0 8 8 0


199 187 12 56 52 4 143 135 8

Professionals 324 206 119 135 74 61 190 132 58


215 170 45 80 63 17 135 107 28

Clerks 224 198 26 88 72 15 136 125 11


2238 2063 175 741 677 63 1498 1386 112


1354 1248 106 140 124 17 1213 1124 89


2142 1381 761 649 471 178 1493 910 583


1771 1189 582 911 480 431 860 709 152


10898 5592 5306 1758 794 964 9140 4798 4342


213

Table-Y22: Employed youths (aged 15-29 years) by sector of employment, sex and residence

Sector of emplo yment

Total Urban Rural


Number (000)

Total 19343 12210 7133 4556 2806 1750 14786 9403 5383

Informal 16768 10293 6474 3403 2045 1358 13364 8248 5116

Formal 2580 1922 658 1155 763 392 1425 1158 267

Percent

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Informal 86.7 84.3 90.8 74.7 72.9 77.6 90.4 87.7 95.0

Formal 13.3 15.7 9.2 25.3 27.2 22.4 9.6 12.3 5.0

Table-Y23: Employed youths (aged 15-29 years) by major industry, sector of employment and residence

(000) Sector of emp lo yment



Bangladesh 19343 12210 7133 16768 10293 6474 2580 1922 658


9986 4918 5067 9689 4674 5016 299 248 52


59 45 14 57 45 12 2 0 2

Manufacturing 2825 1894 930 1656 1137 519 1170 759 412


34 33 2 17 17 0 17 16 2


5 4 1 3 3 1 2 2 0

Construction 1065 995 70 994 932 62 73 64 9


1791 1696 96 1550 1462 88 243 235 8


1243 1184 59 1149 1094 55 95 91 4


276 263 13 238 227 11 38 36 2


18 17 1 10 10 0 8 7 1


94 73 21 23 15 8 71 58 13


8 8 0 6 6 0 2 2 0


31 26 5 25 21 4 7 5 1


214





107 91 15 27 23 4 80 69 12


115 108 7 9 7 2 106 101 5

Education 267 156 111 82 55 26 187 102 85


76 57 20 37 34 3 39 23 16


23 22 1 18 17 1 5 5 0


1110 602 508 994 510 484 117 94 24


250 59 191 224 46 178 26 13 13


0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Urban 4556 2806 1750 3403 2045 1358 1155 763 392


1201 370 832 1163 344 819 39 27 13


10 9 1 10 9 1 0 0 0

Manufacturing 1297 738 559 661 394 266 638 345 293


15 14 1 8 8 0 7 6 1


2 1 1 2 1 1 0 0 0

Construction 302 280 22 270 248 22 32 32 0


607 577 31 473 449 25 135 129 6


351 335 15 321 306 15 29 29 0


86 81 5 71 67 3 15 14 1


6 6 0 3 3 0 3 3 0


52 39 13 10 6 4 42 33 9


5 5 0 3 3 0 2 2 0

Professional, scientific and

10 9 2 8 8 0 2 1 1


215




technical acti vities


45 38 7 15 13 2 30 25 5


47 42 5 7 5 2 39 37 3

Education 108 56 52 47 28 19 61 28 33


34 22 12 13 10 3 21 12 9


3 3 0 3 3 0 0 0 0


272 163 109 228 129 99 44 34 10


113 28 85 96 20 76 17 8 9


0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rural 14786 9403 5383 13364 8248 5116 1425 1158 267


8785 4549 4236 8527 4330 4197 260 221 39


49 36 13 47 36 11 2 0 2

Manufacturing 1528 1156 372 995 742 253 533 414 119


19 18 1 9 9 0 10 9 1


3 3 0 2 2 0 2 2 0

Construction 764 715 48 724 684 40 41 32 9


1184 1119 65 1076 1013 63 108 106 2


892 848 44 828 788 40 65 61 4


190 182 8 167 160 8 23 23 0


11 10 1 7 7 0 4 3 1


42 34 8 13 9 4 29 25 4


3 3 0 3 3 0 0 0 0


216





21 18 4 17 13 4 4 4 0


62 54 9 12 10 2 50 44 7


68 66 2 2 1 0 66 65 2

Education 159 100 58 35 28 7 125 74 52


43 35 8 24 24 0 19 11 8


20 19 1 15 14 1 5 5 0


839 439 399 766 381 385 74 60 14


137 32 106 128 26 102 9 6 4

Table-Y24: Employed youths (aged 15-29 years) by place of work, sex and residence

(000) Location of work Total Urban Rural


Number

Total 19343 12210 7133 4556 2806 1750 14786 9403 5383

No fixed place in o wn house

200 104 97 55 25 30 146 79 67

Inside/fixed place of house

816 580 236 142 85 57 674 495 179

Factory/workshop/shop etc

2678 1717 962 1140 704 436 1538 1013 525

Farm or seperate agri land

9572 4632 4940 1091 283 808 8481 4349 4132

Customer's home 304 229 75 91 50 41 214 179 35

Construction site 762 705 56 219 201 18 543 505 38

Market, shop of market or business fair

1887 1784 103 648 613 36 1238 1171 67

Fixed place of foothpath/highway

274 231 44 123 97 27 151 134 17

Office location 918 656 262 457 292 166 461 364 96

Emplo yer' s house 306 99 206 104 35 69 202 64 137

Transportation/vehicle 927 909 18 274 264 10 653 644 9

No fixed premises (hawker, home to home)

183 167 16 51 44 8 132 124 8

Others 557 440 118 168 122 45 390 318 72


217

Location of work Total Urban Rural


Percent

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

No fixed place in o wn house

1.0 .9 1.4 1.2 .9 1.7 1.0 .8 1.2

Inside/fixed place of house

4.2 4.8 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.3 4.6 5.3 3.3

Factory/workshop/shop etc

13.8 14.1 13.5 25.0 25.1 24.9 10.4 10.8 9.8

Farm or seperate agri land

49.5 37.9 69.3 24.0 10.1 46.2 57.4 46.2 76.8

Customer's home 1.6 1.9 1.1 2.0 1.8 2.3 1.4 1.9 .6

Construction site 3.9 5.8 .8 4.8 7.1 1.0 3.7 5.4 .7

Market, shop of market or business fair

9.8 14.6 1.4 14.2 21.8 2.0 8.4 12.5 1.2

Fixed place of foothpath/highway

1.4 1.9 .6 2.7 3.4 1.5 1.0 1.4 .3

Office location 4.7 5.4 3.7 10.0 10.4 9.5 3.1 3.9 1.8

Emplo yer' s house 1.6 .8 2.9 2.3 1.3 3.9 1.4 .7 2.6

Transportation/vehicle 4.8 7.4 .3 6.0 9.4 .5 4.4 6.9 .2

No fixed premises (hawker, home to home)

.9 1.4 .2 1.1 1.6 .4 .9 1.3 .2

Others 2.9 3.6 1.7 3.7 4.4 2.6 2.6 3.4 1.3

Table-Y25: Employed youths (aged 15-29 years) by weekly hours worked and sector of employment (000)

Sector of employment



Total 19342 5001 245 1091 581 4167 5605 2651

Informal 16767 5001 245 1091 564 3000 4810 2056

Formal 2580 0 0 0 19 1169 796 596

Table-Y26: Employed youths (aged 15-29 years) by major occupation, sector of employment, sex and residence

(000) Sector of emp lo yment



Bangladesh 19343 12210 7133 16768 10293 6474 2580 1922 658



199 187 12 165 155 10 35 33 2

Professionals 324 206 119 121 91 30 205 116 89


215 170 45 89 79 10 125 91 35


218




Clerks 224 198 26 78 70 8 146 128 19


2238 2063 175 1919 1757 162 321 308 13


1354 1248 106 1334 1232 102 20 16 4


2142 1381 761 1834 1147 687 310 236 74


1771 1189 582 893 636 257 879 554 325


10898 5592 5306 10372 5164 5208 528 430 98

Rural 14786 9403 5383 13364 8248 5116 1425 1158 267



143 135 8 131 124 7 12 11 1

Professionals 190 132 58 64 55 9 127 78 49


135 107 28 57 49 8 78 57 21

Clerks 136 125 11 48 44 4 89 81 8


1498 1386 112 1341 1234 107 158 153 5


1213 1124 89 1201 1112 88 13 12 1


1493 910 583 1325 779 545 170 132 38


860 709 152 452 389 63 408 320 89


9140 4798 4342 8776 4491 4286 366 310 56

Urban 4556 2806 1750 3403 2045 1358 1155 763 392



56 52 4 33 31 3 23 22 2

Professionals 135 74 61 57 36 21 78 38 40


80 63 17 32 30 3 47 33 14

Clerks 88 72 15 30 26 4 58 46 11


741 677 63 578 522 56 163 156 8


140 124 17 133 119 14 7 4 3


649 471 178 510 367 142 140 104 36


911 480 431 441 247 194 471 234 236


1758 794 964 1595 673 922 163 121 42


219

Appendix


220

Appendix-A

Sample Design of Labour Force Survey 2010

1. Introduction Household surveys of national coverage are the primary data collection tool of BBS. The 2005 LFS and 2005 Household Income and Expenditure Surveys (HIES) of BBS used the Integrated Multi-Purpose Sampling Design (IMPS). After critical analysis by the experts, large design effects were derived for important characteristics of interest such as unemployment rate in the statistical metropolitan areas (SMA) and for large divisions such as Dhaka, Chittagong and Rajshahi because of ineffective stratification measures. Incorrect survey weights were also used. Moreover, the number of households sampled per primary sampling units (PSU) can still be reduced and the number of PSUs increased to mitigate the very large design effects.

Because of the issues cited above and also, those others that were discussed, BBS requested ADB through RETA 6430: Measuring the Informal Sector for technical advice on the development of a new sampling design for the forthcoming LFS 2010, which is also envisioned to provide the sampling frame for the informal sector survey that was conducted under RETA 6430. This section documents the processes that were under taken to develop the master sample design, from the construction of the sampling frame in the next section to the estimation procedure in Section.

2. Sampling Frame of PSUs

The most appropriate, cost effective and often used design for household surveys of national coverage is multi-stage such that primary sampling units which are actually clusters of households are selected and from which the ultimate sampling units (households or housing dwelling) will be drawn. While stratified simple random sample is perhaps the most efficient among the sampling designs, it is not practical and workable in the case of household surveys because an updated list of all households in a country which makes up the sampling frame is non-existent. A good sampling frame is needed to ensure that each ultimate sampling unit has a chance of being selected and hence, conclusions on the target population can be drawn from the sample. To develop a multi-stage sampling design, the sampling frame of the primary sampling units (PSUs) must first be constructed. It is, therefore, important to decide carefully on what can be designated as the PSU. All PSUs taken as a whole must cover the target population. Each one of them must have clear boundaries which can be easily located in the field and measure of size data that will be used for selecting PSUs must be available for each one of them. PSUs has to be as manageably small as possible but large enough to have adequate number of ultimate sampling units. This is to permit sampling rotations for different surveys which will be implementing the master sample. Moreover, availability of information to be used for stratification and sample allocation should also be among the practical considerations in constructing the PSUs.


221

3. Determination of Sample size and Sample Allocation The total sample size is usually determined at the domain level. Domains are subpopulations for which separate samples are planned, designed and selected (Kish,1987). In the case of IMPS, the survey domain was not clearly specified although the official r4eport on the 2005 LFS has breakdowns by urban/rural levels, by gender, status of workers, occupation and industry (Maligalig and Barcenas,2008). The basis of determining the sample size in IMPS was not also documented.

The choice of domains (Kish, 1965; 1987) depends on several factors, namely; reporting requirements, available budget and workload, and sampling design that will be used. Both statistical and practical issues must be considered in designating the domain level. There is now greater demand for statistics at finer disaggregation level and hence, would require increasing the number of domains. However, by increasing the number of domains, the total sample size would also increase and the corresponding budget requirements. If domains will be the 64 zilas (provinces) instead of the six divisions (regions) of Bangladesh, then sample sizes that would have to be determined at the zila level and consequently, the total sample size has to be increased. Because the workable sampling designs would all involve cluster sampling, the expected design effects should also0 be considered and used to determine the final sample size.

The overriding concern was the limited budget that the Government provided for LFS. If the recommendation of Maligalig and Barcenas (2008) on the number of households per PSU will be observed, that is 10 households per PSU instead of 40 then the budget allocated for LFS can only cover about 1500 PSUs OR 15,000 households.On the other hand, since survey weights in the 2005 LFS are not correct and stratification measures that were introduced were not effective in controlling the design effects, the resulting estimates from the 2010 LFS using the master sample is being developed can still render acceptable design effects even with only 15,000 households total sample size. This favorable outcome is contingent upon the implementation of a better design for the master sample and the specification of the correct survey weights and better stratification measures to reduce the resulting design effects. Several allocation strategies were examined to allocate the 15,000 sample households across domains , however, Kish Allocation was deemed suitable

Kish Allocation :

Where nd is the sample size in the domain, n is the sample size, D is the number of domains, Nd is the total number of households in domain d, N is the total number of households in Bangladesh, per the 2001 Census of Population. Wd is the proportion of households in domain d, and / is the Kish

allocation index denoting the relative importance assigned to estimates at the national or subgroups that cut across domains )i (as compared to those estimates at the domain levels )ii .(To illustrate ,we

can relate )i (to characteristics of interest such as numbers of crop farmers and female unpaid workers ,proportions of persons in poverty in Bangladesh ,number of persons in the labor force who


222

are unemployed ,proportion of households with electricity ,and estimates of the differences between subgroups. If the primary interest is to derive estimates for characteristics of interest of type (ii), one of the best approaches in allocating the sample size is to allocate it proportionally with respect to the population size of each domain. However, the ideal approach for type (ii) is to divide the total sample size equally among the domains (Kish, 1987). Moreover, it should be emphasized that these two approaches may yield very different sample allocations particularly when the domains differ in measure of size. Further, it is possible that a particular approach may perform satisfactorily when estimating a certain type of characteristic of interest but not necessarily for the other types. A possible way around this problem is to use Kish allocation which is basically a compromise between equal and proportional allocation. With I=0, it reduces to the equal allocation while it tends to proportional allocation approach with I→ . Table 1 provides estimates of sample size per domain using different allocation procedures. Table 1. Sample Allocation of Number of Sample Households per Domain

Division (d)

Total Households

Nd

Wd Equal Allocation

Proportional Allocation

nWd

Square Root Allocation

Kish Allocation (1=1)

Barisal 1,648,085 0.064649 2,500 969.73 1,633.65 1,817.68 Chittagong 4,472,548 0.175443 2,500 2,631.64 2,691.21 2,460.51 Dhaka 8,236,687 0.323097 2,500 4,846.45 3,652.13 3,696.56 Khulna 3,119,602 0.122371 2,500 1,835.57 2,247.60 2,102.39 Rajshahi 6,627,797 0.259986 2,500 3,899.78 3,276.08 3,140.06 Sylhet 1,388,222 0.054455 2,500 816.83 1,499.34 1,782.81 Bangladesh 25,492,941 1.0 15,000 15,000.00 15,000.00 15,000.00 Selecting the PSUs The following steps outline the procedure that was implemented to maintain a uniform probability within a domain in the master sample design for Bangladesh. 1. For a domain d, determine the number of PSUs to be sampled , such that

where b is the recommended number of households per PSU (in this case, b =10), is the number of households allocated to domain d (Table 6, last column).

2. Then compute the sampling interval:

,

3. Sort all the PSUs in domain d by zila, urban/rural classification, by strata (as defined in


223

the previous section) and lastly, by PStrong values. 4. Compute the cumulative value of the measure of size (2201 total number of households), using the sorted list in step (3). 5. Select a random start (RS) by drawing a random number between 0 and 1 and multiplying it by the interval in step 2. The first sampled PSU will be the first PSU with

cumulative value of containing the value of the random start (RS). The next sample PSU will be the PSU for which the cumulative value of contains RS+ , the next will be the PSU for which the cumulative value contains RS+ , etc.

Table 2 below shows the computations from the procedure that was outlined above. Table 2: Summary of Sample Statistics by Domain Division Total No. of

Households Nd

Computed Sample PSUs

a'd

Sampling Interval

Sd

Actual Number of

sample PSUs ad

Tentative Sample

Households

Selection Probability

fd

Barisal 1,648,085 181.77 9066.992 182 1820 0.001104 Chittagong 4,472,548 246.05 18177.35 246 2460 0.000550 Dhaka 8,236,687 369.66 22282.06 370 3700 0.000449 Khulna 3,119,602 210.24 14838.39 210 2100 0.000673 Rajshahi 6,627,797 314.01 21107.21 314 3140 0.000474 Sylhet 1,388,222 178.28 7786.691 178 1780 0.001282 Selection of Households Since the measure of size that was used for selecting the PSUs is the 2001 Census of Population total households, the current value of this measure will be very different and hence, to maintain the same selection probability, the number of households to be sampled must also be revised. That is, since the households will be selected from the sampled PSU with

, if the current value of the measure of size is now , maintaining the same

household level selection probability means that Type equation here.

.

And hence,

,


224

Where is the actual total number of households to be selected in PSU in stratum h. This implies that the there should be a listing operation of all households in the selected PSUs before the conduct of the 2010 LFS and Informal Sector Survey.

4. Survey Weights and Estimation The complex design of the master sample has to be considered in analyzing the 2009 LFS and the Informal Sector Survey and other surveys that will use the master sample in the future. Survey weights must be used to produce estimates of population parameters and design features such as the stratification measures, PSUs and domains must be taken into account in variance estimation and inference. Survey Weights The final survey weights are the product of at at most three successive stages of computations. First, base weights are computed to counteract the unequal selection probabilities in the sample design the base weights are adjusted to balance uneven response rates and if data are available, the non-response adjusted weights are further adjusted to ensure that the weighted sample distributions conform with known distributions from valid sources. The base weight for sampled household is the inverse of its selection probability. In the master sample design the selection probability is uniform within a domain and hence, base weights will be also vary within domains. In general,

Table 3 presents the base weights of sampled households by division. Table 3. Base Weights by Domain.

Division Selection Probability fd

Base Weight

Barisal 0.001104 905.7971 Chittagong 0.000550 1818.1820 Dhaka 0.000449 2227.1710 Khulna 0.000673 1485.8840 Rajshahi 0.000474 2109.7050 Sylhet 0.001282 780.0312 Non-response adjustments will have to be incorporated in the final survey weights if the degree of unit non-response cannot be ignored. Unit non-response occurs when an eligible household fails to participate in the survey. For example, households may refuse to participate or an eligible respondent may be available at the times that the enumerator visits. In general, the non-respondent adjustment inflates the base weights of “similar” responding units to compensate for the non-respondents. Weighting adjustment is perhaps the most common approach to compensate for non-response. This method calls for the formation of weighting cells in which adjustment factors are developed such that


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The most common form of non-response weighting adjustment is a weighting class type. The full sample of respondents and non-respondents is divided into a number of weighting classes or cells and non-response adjustment factors are computed for each cell c (Kalton, 1990) as

=

Where the denominator of is the sum of the weights of respondents (indexed r) in weighting cell c while the numerator adds together the sum of the weights for respondents and the sum of the weights for eligible non-respondents (indexed m for missing) in cell c which is equal to the sum of the weights for the total eligible sample (indexed s) in cell c . Thus, the non-response weight adjustment is the inverse of the weighted response rate in cell c. Note that the adjustment is applied with eligible units. Ineligible sampled units (e.g., vacant or demolished housing units and units out of scope for a given survey) are excluded. Weighting cells c need not conform with the strata boundaries. They may cut across strata but it is important that the weighting cells will capture “similar” households. Similarity is viewed here in the perspective of the households propensity to response. In general, the response rates across weighting cells will vary widely. Estimation Assuming that the final survey weight for household i is w, or what can be viewed at the number of population units that the responding household i represent. Then the estimator or a population total for characteristic of interest Y will be y = , where y, is the value of the variable y for household i. The simple estimator y has many applications. For example, it can be applied to estimate the count of population with specific characteristic of interest, such as female-headed households. y, can be set to 1 if household i has the specific characteristic. To estimate the population mean, the following ratio estimator can be used:

= .

With the total of survey weights of all responding households, as an estimator for the total number of households. A more general form of the ratio estimator (Kalton, 1983) would be:

R = .


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Note that with complex sample design such as the master sample, the means (in the form of equation 12 and 13) and proportions are ratio estimators that involve the ratio of two variables and hence, must be carefully considered in the computation of sampling errors.

5. Actual number of Households covered in LFS,2010 In LFS 2010 a separate module was used to capture the voluntary activities performed by the households. It was supposed that voluntary activities are not very common and as such the number of households were increased to capture the voluntary activities and simultaneously the extended households were also covered for the Labour Force Survey. Table-4: Division-wise households for the LFS 2010

Division Number of Sampled Households Total Urban Rural

Dhaka 10567 3738 6829 Chittagong 7157 1785 5372 Rajshahi 9615 1338 8277 Khulna 6142 1111 5031 Barisal 5051 690 4361 Sylhet 5413 663 4750 TO TAL 43,945 9,325 34,620 Table-5: Allocation of PSUs by District Division/district locality

Total rural urban Barisal Total 182 156 26

Barguna 20 18 2

Barisal 52 43 9

Bhola 36 31 5 Jhalokati 16 14 2

Patuakhali 32 28 4

Pirojpur 26 22 4

Chittagong Total 246 183 63

Bandarban 3 2 1

Brahmanbaria 24 21 3 Chandpur 24 20 4

Chittagong 68 32 36

Comilla 46 40 6 Cox's Bazar 16 13 3

Feni 12 11 1

Khagrachhari 6 4 2 Lakshmipur 16 14 2

Noakhali 25 22 3 Rangamati 6 4 2


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Division/district locality Total rural urban

Dhaka Total 370 244 126 Dhaka 81 7 74

Faridpur 15 13 2

Gazipur 20 11 9 Gopalganj 10 9 1

Jamalpur 22 19 3

Kishorgonj 24 21 3 Madaripur 10 9 1

Manikganj 13 12 1 Munshiganj 11 10 1

Mymensingh 43 37 6

Naray anganj 21 9 12 Narsingdi 17 14 3

Netrakona 19 17 2

Rajbari 8 7 1 Shariatpur 10 9 1

Sherpur 13 12 1

Tangail 33 28 5

Khulna Total 210 168 42

Bagerhat 22 19 3

Chuadanga 15 11 4 Jessore 35 30 5

Jhenaidah 23 20 3

Khulna 34 15 19 Kushtia 25 22 3

Magura 11 10 1

Meherpur 9 8 1 Narail 10 9 1

Satkhira 26 24 2

Rajshahi Total 314 268 46

Bogra 33 29 4

Dinajpur 27 23 4 Gaibandha 23 21 2

Joy purhat 10 9 1

Kurigram 19 16 3 Lalmonirhat 12 10 2

Naogaon 25 23 2

Natore 16 14 2 Nawabganj 13 11 2

Nilphamari 16 14 2

Pabna 21 17 4 Panchagarh 9 8 1


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Division/district locality Total rural urban

Rajshahi 24 15 9 Rangpur 27 23 4

Sirajganj 27 24 3

Thakurgaon 12 11 1

Sylhet Total 178 156 22

Habiganj 41 37 4

Maulv ibazar 38 34 4 Sunamganj 45 40 5

Sy lhet 54 45 9


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Appendix-B

Concepts and definitions

This section briefly describes the key definitions and concepts adopted in the Labour Force Survey. All the persons in the surveyed households were classified into three broad activity categories (i) working person (employed) (ii) not working person (seeking and/or available for work) or unemployed and (iii) neither working nor available for work (i.e. not in labour force or inactive). The detailed information such as work status, occupation, industry, hours worked, earnings, sector of work etc. were collected for those categorized as “working”. The “not working/unemployed” persons were simply asked about the extent of their unemployment.

Activity status: of person 15 years and over as employed, unemployed and outside the labour force (inactive) refers to current activity status in 7 days preceding the survey date.

Housing unit/ultimate sampling unit: The ultimate sampling unit for the purpose of this Survey is the housing unit. A housing unit is defined as a structure or a part of structure which is use as a separate living quarter. Generally, a separate living quarter should have its own entrance and kitchen facilities.

Household: means a group of persons, related or unrelated, living together and taking food from the same kitchen. The terms ‘household’ and ‘dwelling household’ were used synonymously.

Household members: are defined on a de jure basis i.e, they are considered as members of the household if they actually live in the household most of the time. This criterion was deemed necessary to avoid double counting of person living in more than one residence. For example, if a family member lives, works or in studying away from his family residence he/she is still considered as a member of the household.

Household head: is a person who is acknowledged as such by other members of the household.

Economic activity: is synonymous with the definitions of U.N System of National Accounts (SNA-1993) and covers all market production and certain types of non-market production including production and processing of primary products for own consumption, own account construction and production of fixed assets for own use. It excludes unpaid activities such as unpaid domestic activities and voluntary community services. Production of goods and services as specified in the SNA comprises the following:

a) The production of goods and services normally intended for sale on the market at a price that is designed to cover their cost of production.


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b) The production of other goods and services which are not normally at a price intended to cover the cost of production, these items range from government service and private non-profit services to households and domestic services rendered by one household to another.

c) Specified types of production for own consumption and fixed capital formation for own use.

C1) all production of primary products for own consumption covering the products of agriculture, hunting, forestry, logging, mining and quarrying.

C2) the processing of primary commodities by the producers of these items in order to make goods such as butter, cheese, flour, oil, cloth or furniture for their own use whether or not they sell any of these products in the market.

C3) production for own consumption of other commodities only if they are also produced for the market by the same households.

C4) all production of fixed assets for own use that is own-account construction of building, roads and similar works as well as fabrication of tools, instruments containers and similar items which have an expected life or use of one year or more.

For convenience the activities corresponding to (a) and (b) were designated as market production or market activities, while those corresponding to (c1) to (c4) were taken as non-market production or non-market activities. The aggregate of market production and non-market production constitutes the set of economic activities. All other activities are to be considered as non-economic activities.

Labour force: (economically active population)- Economically active population or labour force is defined as persons aged 15 years and over, who are either employed or unemployed during the reference period of the survey (week preceding the day of survey). It excludes disabled and retired persons, income recipients, full time housewives and students, beggars and other persons who did not work for pay or profit at least one hour during the reference week.

Employed person: is a person who was either working one or more hours for pay or profit or working without pay in a family farm or enterprise or organization during the reference period or found not working but had a job or business from which he/she was temporarily absent during the reference period.

Employed persons versus number of employment: in LFS 2010 there was a provision to include more than one occupation of an employed person, therefore number of employment would be higher than employed person in LFS 2010


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Unemployed person: is a person who as involuntarily out of gainful employment during the reference period but either –

(a) has been actively looking for a job or

(b) was willing to work but not looking for work because of illness or believing that no work was available.

Under-employment: is the condition whereby a person’s employment is considered inadequate in terms of time worked, income earned, productivity or use of his/her skill and the person is looking for additional work in conformity with his/her education or skill to augment income.

Not in labour force/inactive: A person who was not engaged in a economic activity. Regular full time students though engaged in household activities in leisure time were treated as inactive and remained outside the labour force. Household work also belongs to this category.

Self-employed: means a person working for his/her own household farm or non-farm enterprises for profit or family gain. Such persons do not receive wages or salary for the work performed.

Employer: is a self-employed person who may employ one or more persons in a commercial or industrial enterprise. A person employing non-productive servants such as domestic servants was not considered as an employer for the purpose of this survey.

Unpaid family worker: is a person who works at least one hour in the reference period (other than household work) without pay or profit in a family operated farm or in a business owned/operated by the household head or other members of the household to whom he/she is related by kinship, marriage, adoption or dependency. The treatment of unpaid family worker is of particular importance in agriculture including fishery and livestock as in most cases such holdings are operated on a household basis and members of the household take part in agricultural production. Unpaid family workers who worked at least one or more hours during the reference period were considered as a part of the labour force.

Full-time employee: refers to a salaried worker whose services are engaged for the full working hours of the enterprise or establishment or organization in which he/she works.

Casual worker/day labour: refers to a wage earner whose services are solicited only for a periodic time intervals during the reference period.

Regular worker/employee: is one who has a regular employment and receives wages or salary from the enterprise or establishment or organization to which they are attached for performing assigned work.


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Activity rate/economic participation rate: is the ratio of the number of economically active persons to the population aged 15 years and over expressed in percentage.

Crude activity rate: is the ratio of the economically active population to the total population expressed in percentage. In other words, the crude activity rate represents the labour force as percent of total population.

Refined activity rate: is the ratio of the economically active persons to the population aged 15 years and over expressed in percentage. This is also called economic participation rate.

Economic dependency ratio (EDR): is the ratio of the economically inactive population to the economically active population, expressed in percentage that means-

Economically inactive population

EDR = -------------------------------------- x 100

Economically active population

Hours worked: are the total number of hours worked during the reference period of the survey. For a person holding more than one job, hour worked is the total of hours worded for all jobs.

Occupation: is defined as a type of economic activity which a person usually pursues to earn income in cash or kind. If a person works in more than one occupation the occupation in which maximum working hours were spent was regarded as the main occupation. If equal time is spent in two occupations the main occupation was that which provided the large share of income. Occupation other than main occupation was considered subsidiary occupation. Classification of occupations are based on International Standard Classification of Occupation (ISCO-88).

Industry: includes all types of establishment or business in which persons are engaged in producing or distributing good and services during the reference period. The classification of the industry was adopted from Bangladesh Standard Industrial Classification (BSIC, Rev.-4).

Reference period: is the week preceding the day of enumeration.

Survey year: refers to the year that starts from May 2009 to April 2010.


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Appendix-C

Technical Committee for the Labour Force Survey 2010

Professor Kazi Saleh Ahmed, Ex- Vice Chancellor, Jahangir Nagar University , Savar, Dhaka Chairman Mr. Md. Shahjahan Ali Mollah, Director General, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Dhaka

Member

Mr. Kazi Akhter Uddin Ahmed, Joint Secretary, Statistics Division, Dhaka

,,

Ms, Tazkera Begum, Deputy Director General, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Dhaka

,,

Professor Wahid Uddin Mahmud (Rtd.), Economics Department, Dhaka University, Dhaka

,,

Professor Barkat – E – Khuda, Economics Department, Dhaka University, Dhaka

,,

Mr. Fakhrul Ahsan, Chief, General Economic Division, Planning Commission, Sher- E- Bangla Nagar, Agargaon, Dhaka

,,

Representative, Ministry of Industry, Motijheel Commercial Area, Dhaka (Not below the rank of Deputy Secretary)

,,

Representative, Ministry of Labour & Employment, Bangladesh Secretariat, Dhaka (Not below the rank of Deputy Secretary)

,,

Representative, Ministry of Social Welfare, Bangladesh Secretariat, Dhaka (Not below the rank of Deputy Secretary)

,,

Dr. Protima Pal Mojumdar, BIDS, Agargaon, Dhaka

,,

President, FBCCI, Motijheel, Dhaka

,,

Mr. Faiz Uddin Ahmed, Advisor, World Bank, Dhaka

,,

Mr. Kabir Uddin Ahmed, Deputy Director(1), Industry & Labour Wing, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Dhaka

,,

Mr. A K M Ashraful Haque, Deputy Director(2), Industry & Labour Wing, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Dhaka

,,

Mr. Md. Shamsul Alam, Director, Industry & Labour Wing, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Dhaka

Member Secretary

The following officers/Experts also participated on special invitation:

Mrs. Riti Ibrahim , Secretary statistics Division

Dr. Simeen Mahmud, Lead Researcher, BRAC Development Institute

Mr. Zobdul Hoque, Ex – Director, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Dhaka


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Appendix-D

List of officials Responsible for over all Management of LFS 2010 1. Riti Ibrahim, Secretary, Statistics Division National Chief Co-ordinator

2. Mr Md. Shahjahan Ali Mollah , Director General, BBS, National Additional Chief Co-ordinator

3. Mrs Mir Suriya Arzoo, Ex. Director, Industry and Labour Wing BBS, Survey Co-ordinator

4. Md. Shamsul Alam Director Industry and Labour Wing BBS, Data processing and report preparation

5. Md. Kabiruddin Ahmed, Deputy Director, Industry and Labour Wing BBS, data processing and

Tabulation

Divitional Co-ordinator 1. Mr Ghose Subabrata Joint Director, BBS , Chittagong Division

2. Mr. Bhidan Baral , Deputy Director,BBS, Barisal Division

3. Mr. A.K.M. Fazlul Hoque Deputy Director, BBS Khulna Division

4. Mr. A.K.M Asraful Hoque Deputy Director, BBS Rajshahi Division (Rajshai, Pabna,Bogra)

5. Mr.Nasir Uddin , Deputy Director, BBS,Rajshahi Division.( Rangpur& Dinajpur)

6.Mr. Imdadul Hoque , Deputy Director, BBS,Dhaka Division

Supervising Officer

1. Mr. Mohammad Wahidur Rahman, RSO, Chitagong : Cox’s Bazar & Chittagong (part)

2. Mr. Md. Hafizur Rahman, ASO, MIS : Chittagong (part) 3. Mr. Md. Ahsan Habib, ASO, RSO(cc), Khagrachari : Khagrachari , Rangamati

4. Mr. Babul Ranjan Bhowmic, ASO, RSO(cc), Bandarban : Bandarban

5. Mr. Gulam Mostafa, ASO, Barisal : Barisal, Bhola 6. MrAbdul Matin Howlader, ASO, I&L Wing, BBS : Pirojpur, Jhalkathi

7. Mr. Lizen Shah Naim, RSO,Patuakhali : Patuakhali, Borguna 8. Mr. Md. Mizanur Rahman, RSO, Khulna : Khulna

9. Mr. Monir Hossain Tapader, ASO, MIS : Bagerhat, Satkhira

10. Mr. Md. Alamgir Hossain, RSO, Jessore : Jessore, Magura, Jhinaidah, Narail 11. Mr. Abul Hossain, ASO, Kushtia : Kushtia, Meherpur, Chuadanga

12. Begum Sabila Khatun, S.O, I & L Wing : Rajshahi, Natore

13. Mr. Abdul Halim, RSO, Rajshahi : Nababgonj, Naogaon.


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14. Mr. H. M. Firoz, RSO, Bogra : Bogra, Joypurhat

15. Mrs. Salma Hasnain, RSO, Pabna: Pabna, Sirajgonj

16. Mrs. Umme Kulsum, RSO, Dinajpur : Dinajpur, Panchagar 17. Mr. S.M. Anisuzzaman,, RSO, Rangpur : Rangpur, Lalmonirhat

18. Mr. Pronab Kumar Shaha, ASO, I&L Wing : Kurigram, Thakurgaon

19. Mr. Md. Abdul Khaleque, S.O, N.A Wing : Gaibandha, Nilphamari 20. Mr. Md. Mizanur Rahman, ASO, MIS : Dhaka (part)

21. Mr. Md. Altaf Hossain Mia, ASO, I & L Wing : Dhaka (part)

22. Mr. Md. Khairul Islam, ASO, I & L Wing : Dhaka (part), Manikgonj 23. Mr. Md. Rafiqul Islam, S.O, I & L Wing Gazipur, Narsingdi

24. Mr. Md. Jahangir Alam, ASO, I & L Wing : Narayangonj, Munsigonj 25. Mr. Md. Shafiqul Islam, RSO, Tangail : Tangail

26. Mr. Md. Selim Sarker, RSO, Mymensingh : Mymensingh

27. Mr. Mohammad Atiqul Kabir, RSO, Jamalpur : Jamalpur, Sherpur


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Appendix-E

Standard Errors of Selected Indicators a) Estimates of standard errors and confidence interval, LFS 2010 by division

Division Estimates (%)

Standard error (%)

95% Confidence interval Design effect (%)

Square root of design effect Lower limit Upper limit

Crude activity rates Barisal 35.9870 0.42873 35.1460 36.8280 0.99446 0.99723 Chittagong 33.3121 0.48244 32.3658 34.2584 4.00575 2.00144 Dhaka 38.4965 0.34468 37.8204 39.1727 3.16879 1.78011 Khulna 40.4955 0.41674 39.6780 41.3129 1.63799 1.27984 Rajshahi 41.7697 0.37353 41.0370 42.5024 2.84537 1.68682 Sylhet 33.9480 0.52232 32.9234 34.9725 1.59723 1.26381 Refined activity rates Barisal 56.1206 0.63991 54.8654 57.3758 1.31604 1.14719 Chittagong 54.6506 0.70742 53.2629 56.0382 4.66008 2.15872 Dhaka 59.5805 0.51891 58.5625 60.5983 4.51795 2.12555 Khulna 59.5352 0.53816 58.4795 60.5908 1.84035 1.35660 Rajshahi 62.7822 0.54172 61.7196 63.8448 4.10430 2.02591 Sylhet 59.2587 0.76172 57.7646 60.7529 1.78982 1.33784 Unemployment rates Barisal 5.5303 0.38766 3.76992 5.29076 1.53602 1.23936 Chittagong 5.9413 0.36282 5.22966 6.65303 2.95694 1.71957 Dhaka 5.6396 0.32404 5.00403 6.27526 4.72769 2.17432 Khulna 3.5313 0.27657 2.98875 4.07377 2.03681 1.42717 Rajshahi 2.4480 0.17565 2.10349 2.79259 2.63822 1.62426 Sylhet 6.1908 0.66571 4.88499 7.48662 3.35181 1.83079

b. Estimates of standard errors and confidence interval, LFS 2010 by residence

Division Standard error (%)

95% CEstimates (%)onfidence interval

Design effect (%)

Square root of design

effect Lower limit Upper limit

Crude activity rates National 38.0880 0.18422 37.7266 38.4494 2.86817 1.69357 Urban 39.0004 0.42724 38.1623 39.8385 3.50004 1.87094 Rural 37.8104 0.20706 37.4110 38.2233 2.80195 1.6739 Refined activity rates National 59.2681 0.26760 58.7433 59.7930 3.76085 1.93929 Urban 57.3205 0.60770 56.1284 58.5126 4.64082 2.15426 Rural 59.9812 0.29580 59.3108 60.4715 3.50127 1.87117 Unemployment rates National 5.5303 0.14165 4.2525 4.8082 3.47077 1.96300 Urban 6.4595 036356 5.74631 7.17259 3.83618 1.95862 Rural 3.9398 0.14611 3.65317 4.22638 3.23128 1.79757


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Appendix-F

Summary of the Discussions and Decisions taken in Different Technical Committee Meetings on the Labour Force Survey 2010.

Technical Committee Meeting held on 04/05/2011

Discussion :

1. Dr. Barkat-E-Khuda, Professor, Department of Economics, Dhaka University wanted to know about the selection of sample in the divisional level. In response Mr. Md. Shamsul Alam, Director, Industry and Labour Wing mentioned that, in selecting divisional sample only divisions were considered and urban-rural breakdown was not considered and as such in providing divisional estimates of variables no urban-rural breakdown will be possible. He also wanted to know about the definition of Labour Force participation rate, Employment and Unemployment rate etc. In response Mr. Alam described about the definition of different Labour Force indicators.

2. Mr. Faizuddin Ahmed, Consultant, World Bank wanted to know which frame was used in selecting the households in LFS. In response Mr. Kabiruddin Ahamed, Deputy Director, Industry and Labour Wing mentioned that Enumeration Areas (EAs) of Population Census 2001 were used as the sampling frame. He also mentioned that as the number of households have increased in 2010 compared to 2001, therefore, more households was taken from the initial estimate of 20 households from each PSU. There were 1500 PSUs in the sample and as many as 45,000 households were covered in LFS,2010.

3. Dr. Pratima Pal Majumder, Senior Research Fellow, BIDS wanted to know whether person engaged in economic activities less than 15 years of age were included in the LFS 2010. In response Secretary, Statistics Division mentioned that, according to ILO definition of Labour Force only 15 years and above population has been included in LFS,2010. A separate Survey on Child Labour will be conducted in 2012.

Decision:

(i) Detailed description of the sample design of LFS 2010 should be presented in the next meeting of the Technical Committee.

(ii) All indicators of the Labour Force should be compiled as per internationally accepted concepts and definitions.

(iii) The draft report should be prepared as early as possible.

Sd/- Professor Kazi Saleh Ahmed

Ex. Vice Chancellor Jahangirnagar University

Chairman, Technical Committee on Industry and Labour Wing


238

Technical Committee Meeting held on 14/07/2011 Discussion :

1. Participating in the discussion Prof. Barkat-E-Khuda opined that the sample design of LFS 2010 is different from LFS 2005-2006, therefore, he wanted to know how the households have been selected in LFS 2010. In response Mr. Shamsul Alam explained different methods of selection and pointed out that using the unemployment rate of 2005-2006, the number of households has been determined and Kish Allocation method was used to allocate households in different divisions. He also wanted to know about the age range of the youths used in the survey and also about child labour. In response Mr. Alam pointed out that two age ranges were considered for Youth Labour Force, these are 15-24 and 15-29. As regards child labour, Mr. Alam opined that the issue of child labour will be addressed in another survey planned to be conducted in 2012.

2. Mr. Faizuddin Ahmed, Consultant, World Bank wanted to know whether design effect has

been calculated for all divisions. In response Mr. Alam noted that the design effect has been calculated for all divisions of the country.

3. Dr. Simen Mahmud of BRAC Development Institute opined that some concepts and

definitions should be followed in all Labour Force Surveys. Otherwise it will not be comparable.

Decision:

(i) Detailed description of the sample design for LFS-2010 prepared by Asian Development Bank should be given to all member of the Technical Committee.

(ii) Any comments on the key findings of LFS-2010 circulated in the meeting should be

informed to the committee in writings. (iii) The concepts and definition used in 2010 LFS should be strictly reviewed so that it become

comparable with previous LFS.

(iv) In presenting employment and unemployment figure the age distribution should conform with the international practice.





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Technical Committee Meeting held on 28/11/2011 Discussion :

The Member Secretary of the Technical Committee informed the meeting that the sample design of the LFS 2010 has already distributed among the members and the draft report has already been distributed among the members and other experts in the relevant field. Decision:

The report of the Labour Force Survey 2010 should be published immediately incorporating the comments and suggestions of the members of the Technical Committee and other experts.





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Appendix-G Questionnaire

Confidential (Personal information will not be disclosed)

Govt of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Industry and Labour Wing

Parisankhyan Bhaban, E-27/A, Agargaon, Dhaka-1207

Time Started T ime Ended

LABOUR FORCE SURVEY, 2009-2010

SECTION-1: IDENTIFICATION OF THE SAMPLE AREA Sample Area Particulars Name Code No.

Region Zila

Upzila/Thana

Union/Ward Mouza/Mohalla

Area (Rural-1, Urban-2)

PSU No. Sample Household No.

Head of the Household Respondent’s Name


241

DESCRIPTION OF THE VISIT Visit Date Progress of the collected data (encircle the appropriate answer)

1st visit 1 - Complete 2 - Incomplete 3 - Refused 2nd visit 1 - Complete 2 - Incomplete 3 - Refused

INV ESTIGATOR & EDITOR/CODER NAME Signature Date Code Name of the Interviewer Name of the Supervising Officer

Name of the Editor/Coder

SECTION-2 : HOUSEHOLD/ DWELLING INFORMATION

2.1 OWNERSHIP OF HOUSE 1. Owned 2. Rent free 3. Rented 4. Subsidized rent 5. Others (specify) ..................................

2.7 Primary source of fuel for cooking 1. Firewood 2. Dung/Straw/Leaf 3. Electricity 4. Natural gas (pipe line supply) 6. Kerosene oil 5. Cylinder gas 7. Others (specify) ______________

2.2 Type of dwelling unit 1. Kutcha 2. Semi-pucca 3. Pucca 4. Others (specify)............................

2.8 Primary source of lighting

1. Electricity 2. Kerosene oil 3. Soler 4. Others (specify) ___________________


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.3 Number of rooms in dwelling unit

1. Total number of rooms 2. Total number of rooms used

2.9

Does the household own any of the following?

If Yes If No 1. Radio/Tape Recorder /Two in one/DVD 2. TV /Cable Network 3. Freeze/Refreezerator 4. Telephone (land) 5. Air Cooler/Air Condition 6. Electric Fan 7. Cycle/Motor Cycle 8. Private Car 9. Computer /Internet connection 10. Sewing machine 11. Mobile Phone 12. Others(Specify) 13. None of the above

2.4 Location of kitchen facility

1. Inside house 2. Separate / outside the house 3. Others, specify _____________________

2.5 Toilet Facilities 1. sanitary toilet 2. Pucca toilet (f lushed) 3 . Pucca toilet (non-flushed) 4. Kutcha toilet (permanent)

5 . Kutcha toilet (temporary )

6. Open Space

2.6 Primary source of drinking water 1. Tubewell/Deep Tube well 2. Canal/River/Pond 3. Supplied/Tap Water 4. Others (specify) ....................................................

2.10 HOUSEHOLD’S OWN LAND

(Compute all land owned by all members of the household) Acres Decimal


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SECTION-2 : HOUSEHOLD / DWELLING INFORMATION

2.11 Does the household own any of the following? Enter -1 if Yes, enter -2 if No.

1. Animal husbandry

2. Poultry/pigeon

3. Dairy f arm

4. Fishing farm

5. Horticulture (nursery )

6. Small/Cottage Industry (Manuf acturing)

7. None of the above ....................................

2.12 Main source of of the household income 1. Self emploiyed (agri work )

2. Self emploiyed (non-agri work)

3. Employee

4. Day-labour (agri)

5. Day-labour (non-agri)

6. Others (specify-------------------------)

2.13 Main activity of the households; 1. Agriculture 2. Manufacturing (small/cottage) 3. Trade 4. Services (govt/private) 5. Construction/repairing work 6. Income receipent (house rent, Remittance pensinor etc) 7. Other service works (specify) __________


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SECTION – 3 : CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLD

For all household members Que

HH mem-

ber’s ID num-bers

Name of all household members

(Members resi ding i n the household and taking their meals together. Incl ude members who are tempor arily absent but will return withi n 6 months.

Exclud e visitors and strangers.)

Relationship to head of family/ household

1. Household head 2. Husband/wife 3. Son/daughter 4. Brother/sister 5. Grandson/granddaughter 6. Son-in-law/daughter-in-law 7. Father/Mother 8. Other rel ati ves 9. Non-relati ve 10. House ser vant

Sex

1. Male 2. Femal e

Age as of last birthday

(If less than 12 months enter “00”)

Religion 1. Islam 2. Hindu 3. Buddhist 4. Christ 5. Others

Marital Status 1. Unmarried 2. Married 3. W idow/ W idower 4. Divorced 5. Separated (living

separately)

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6

The main occupation is considered to be the occupation where the respondent spent the most part of time working


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or received the most income during the last 7 days. Main job or occupation is Job Number 1.

SECTION – 4 : CURRENT ACTIVITY STATUS (for 15 years and above)

Que

HH mem-ber’s ID num-bers

Did you do any economic activity for at least one hour or mor e during the l ast 7days as paid wor ker or for household gain or profit or for own use or consumption? 1. Yes → 4. 4 2. No

Did you have any wor k, business, or economic activity from which you were absent during the last 7 days? 1. Yes → 4. 4 2. No

Please, provide the reason why you didn’t work during the last 7 days. 1. student 2. Pensioner (by

age, health, privileged conditi ons)

3. Leave 4. Maternity leave 5. Housewife / child

care 6. Hasn’t wor k

7. Others, specify If 1,2,5,6,7 section5 & 3,4 Ques 4.4

J O B N U M B E R

What is the name of y our establishment or industry where y ou worked most of the time or were absent during the last 7 day s

What is the ty pe of main activ ity of your establishment or industry where y ou worked most of the time or were absent during the last 7 days of the work or business?

Wher e do you mainl y undertake your wor k? Fixed premises • Home of emplo yed person

1. At my home with no special work space 2. At my home with wor k space inside/ attached to the home • Outside of the emplo yed person’s home

3. Factor y, wor kshop, shop, ki osk, etc 4. Far m or indi vidual agricultural pl ot 5. Home or wor kplace of client 6. Construction site 7. Mar ket, bazaar stall, trade fair 8. Str eet pavement/ highway with fi xed post 9. Office building • Emplo yer’s home (e.g., domestic help)

10. Employer’s home No fixed premises 11. Transport vehicle 12. N o fi xed location (e.g., mobile; door-to-door; street without

fixed post) * 13. Others, specify

Main acti vity Industry Code

4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8


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Que


J O B

N U M B E R

What is your employment status? 1. Empl oyee 2. Empl oyer 3.Self- employed in

agriculture 4. Self-employed in

non-agriculture 5. Unpaid worker/

famil y member 6. Casual/Irregular

paid worker 7. Day l abor i n

agriculture 8. Day l abor i n non-

agriculture 9 .Domestic worker in

a pri vate household

What is the type of ownership of the enterprise in which you wor k? 1. Government 2. Autonomous 3. . Local Government 4. NGO 5. Pri vate enterprise

6 . Indi viduall y owned

7. Pri vate households

8. Others (specify)

How many persons (including yourself) wor k in your enterprise/ household/ the enterprise where you are employed?

1. less than 10 2. 10 - 49 3. 50 - 149 4. 150 and more

How do y ou get

the salary

/wages? 1.Daily 2. Weekl y 3. Monthl y 4. pi ece rate/ Mode of payment 5. Others (Specify)

Did y ou receive any payment/income in taka and/or in equiv alent to money in the last 7days?

What was y our work/ occupation of y our establishment or industry where you worked or were absent during the last 7 days?

Yes No, enter 2

In Taka Goods

In equivalent to money

Occupation Occupation Code

4.4 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17


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Que


J O B

N U M B E R

What kind of job, activ ity did y ou hav e? 1. Permanent → 4.20

2. Temporar y 3. Seasonal 4. one- time 5. Casual

What is the main reason f or not hav ing a permanent job? 1. Did not want to

have a permanent j ob

2. Unable to work 3. Could not find

a permanent job

4. Other

At y our work/ activ ity y ou worked: 1. Full time → 4.22 2. Part ti me

Why did y ou work part time? 1. Unwilling/unable to take

a full-time wor k 2. Unable to find a full-

time work 3. Because of the

employer’s initiative 4. Depended on the nature

of the job, seasonality 5. Others

How many hours did y ou actually work during the last7 days? For interviewer: If 4.9 = 2, 3 ,4,5 → 4.34

Ask Column 4.23 – 4.33 ifColumn 4.9 = 1, 6, 7, 8 , 9

(APPlicab le for wages/Salery) Do y ou hav e a job contract? 1. Yes, written contract 2. Yes, verbal contract 3. No

Do y ou get a pay slip?

1. Yes , with complete information

2. Yes, simple pay slip

3. No

4.4 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 Day Hour 4.23 4.24 4.22


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Que


J O B

N U M B E R

Ask Column 4.23 – 4.33 if Column 4.9 = 1, 6, 7, 8, and 9 Ask Column 4.34 – 4.43 if Column 4.9 = 2, 3, 4, and 5

What benefits are prov ided by the employer? Enter “1” if Yes, enter “2” if No, and "3" if Don't know.

If you will be terminated, will you be given

notice?

1. Yes 2. N o 3. D on’t know

→ go to 4.44

How long have you been conducting this activity? 1. Up to 6

months 2. 7-12 months 3. 1-3 years 4. More than 3 years

For how many months has this enterprise been operating during the past 12 months?

Is the business registered in any national or local government agency? 1. Yes 2. In the process of

being registered 3. No 4. Do not want to

answer 5. Do not know

What was the main difficulty in setti ng-up the enterprise/ business? 1. Acquisition of capital/credit2. Lack of knowledge 3. Registration 4. Legal requirements 5. Acquisition of new

technologies 6. Finding qualified workers 7. Acquisition or rent of a

place 8. No difficulti es 9. Others, specify..... .... ..... ...

Paid leaves

Free/ Subsi- dized Meals

Free / Subsi-dized

Lodging

Bonus

Wor king Dress

Pension Fund

Contri-bution

Sick leave

Paid holding/ Vacati on

leave

Maternity Leave

4.4 4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29 4.30 4.31 4.32 4.33 4.34 4.35 4.36 4.37


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For interviewer: If the member of the household is engaged in more than one activity, please record information about those in separate lines.


Que

HH member’s ID num-bers

J O B

N U M B E R

Please give the exact number of employees.

How many ar e paid employees?

Did y ou look f or anotherjob during the last 4 weeks?

1.Yes, I looked for an additi onal j ob

2.Yes, I looked for a new job

3. No → 4.46

Why did y ou look f or another job?

1. Reducti on of wor k

places 2. End of the contract 3. Inconsistency of the

current wor k with the profession (qualification)

4. Unsatisfac tor y wor k conditi ons

5. On a state of health 6. Low sal ary 7. Other

Do y ou hav e other jobs?

1. Yes 2. No →

Proceed to next household member and go to 4.1

If this is the last household member Proceed to ISS Form 1.

Why do y ou hav e another job? 1. Main employment does not provide

enough income 2. Need additional money for special

purposes 3. Want to wor k more hours or fulltime 4. Main employment does not

correspond to my qualification/ specialty

5. Need to help in a relati ve’s household

6. Others, specify Go to 4.4 at the beg inning of Section 4 and mark the next row with the next job numb er. Proceed with the queries for this job number. Do not forget to indicate the household memb er's ID number for each job number.

man women total man women total 4.4 4.38 4.39 4.40 4.41 4.42 4.43 4.44 4.45 4.46 4.47


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SECTION – 5 : UNEMPLOYM ENT (for members aged 15 and above) HH mem-ber’s ID num-bers

Did y ou look f or a paid jobor try to start y our own business (including the 7 days of the surv ey) during the last 4 weeks? 1. Yes, I looked for a paid

job 2. Yes, I tried to start my own

business 3. No → 5.3

What did y ou do to get a job? (Multiple answers possible) 1. Contac ted government

recruiting centers 2. Contac ted nongover nment

recruiting organizations 3. Contac ted employers

directly 4. Searched i n wor k unit,

factor y gate, etc. 5. Contac ted friends/relati ves 6. Applied based on

newspaper ads 7. Applied through the internet 8. Others, specify → 5.4

Why haven’t y ou looked f or a job during the last 7 days? 1.Waiting for re-appointment 2. Waiting to join company after appointment 3. Unavailability of good job 4. Studyi ng 5. Engaged in househol d wor k 6. Retired 7. No need to wor k 8. Because of sickness, inj ury 9. Hopeless to finding/ Tired of searching for job 10. Others, specify

How long hav e y ou not been working in the past 12 months?

(in months)

If there were available work during the surv ey ed week, would y ou be able and ready to start y our work? 1. Yes 2. No If this is the last household member, proceed to ISS Form 1. Else, go to column 4.1 at the beginning of Section 4.

5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5

Month


251

Acronyms

ADB = Asian Development Bank BBS = Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics

BSIC = Bangladesh Standard Industrial Classification

BSCO = Bangladesh Standard Classification of occupation

CAR = Crude Activity Rate

DDR = Demographic Dependency Ratio EDR = Economic Dependency Ratio ILO = International Labour Organization ISCO = International Standard Classification of occupation LFS = Labour Force Survey

PSU = Primary Sampling Unit

RAR = Refined Activity Rate


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