Library Leadership and Management图书馆领导与管理

Paula Kaufman波拉 考夫曼2011

Leadership 领导力Doesn’t rest on a title不只是一个头衔

领导之艺术管理之学问

Leadership vs Management领导力与管理力 Leadership – Leadership – directly and directly and

indirectly influencing people indirectly influencing people to cause changeto cause change

Management – effective Management – effective utilization of resources to utilization of resources to achieve organizational goalsachieve organizational goals

领导力：直接或间接地通过影响人而引发改变 管理力：有效利用资源实现组织目标

Think About Library Leaders and Managers You Know反思你所了解的图书馆领导人员 What attributes did they have? 他们有什么特点？ What did they do that you admire?你认可他们做的什么？ What did they not do or do badly?他们忽略了什么？在哪些方面做的 不够好？

Politics 职场政治 Always present 始终存在 Rarely understood fully 鲜少充分理解

Seasoned Leaders Say:资深的领导人如是说：Fundamental change is more likely Fundamental change is more likely

through effective leadership than through effective leadership than managementmanagement重大改变一般都是来自有效的领导而非管理

Seasoned Leaders Say:资深的领导如是说：Effective leadership can change Effective leadership can change

the culture of an organization, the culture of an organization, management cannotmanagement cannot

改变团队文化的是有效的领导力而非管理

Seasoned Leaders Say:资深的领导如是说Effective leadership is based on Effective leadership is based on

valuesvalues价值观是有效的领导力价值观是有效的领导力的根基的根基

Seasoned Leaders Say ：资深的领导如是说What makes you successful is how What makes you successful is how

you treat peopleyou treat people成功来自于待人的方法

Leaders instill in their staff Leaders instill in their staff hope for success and belief inhope for success and belief in themselves. Positive leadersthemselves. Positive leaders

empower people to empower people to accomplish their goalsaccomplish their goals

领导者带给员工自信心和对成功的希望 . 正面的领导者能激励员工去实现目标

愿景使命价值观

Vision 愿景 Key to an organization

thriving in the future 一个组织繁荣发展的关键所在

Shared Vision共同的愿景 Leader’s responsibility is to build a shared vision,

which requires 领导者的责任就是树立一个组织共同的愿景 , 这就要求 : Articulating a vision 清晰地阐述这个愿景 Listening to input from staff and others 细致地听取员工的意见和反馈 Reshaping and restating vision based on input 在员工意见的基础上修改和调整这个愿景

Mission 使命 Central to the life of the institutionCentral to the life of the institution 一个组织的核心生命力 Enhance institutionEnhance institution’’s mission by s mission by

providing and stewarding collections providing and stewarding collections and content and by offering a wide and content and by offering a wide array of services array of services 通过组织管理馆藏，提供广泛的服务来 加强使命感

Typical U.S. Academic Library’s Mission典型美国学术型图书馆的使命 Enhance institution’s goals 强化学院的目标 Ensure unfettered access to information 确保最开放的信息渠道 Provide expertise 提供专门知识 Be an information and knowledge broker 成为信息和知识的经理人

Values 价值观 Kinds of standards of behavior used to

realize vision and fulfill mission 实现愿景，完成使命的行为标准 Basis of guidelines and expectations of

employee behavior 员工的行为准则

Samples of A Library’s Values图书馆价值观实例 Excellence in everything we do 精通业务 Be a nimble and adaptive organization 做一个灵敏而有适应性的组织 Provide services that advance users’

endeavors 提供服务为用户助一臂之力

Sample of Librarians’ Personal and Institutional Value图书馆员个人价值和组织价值实例 Protect users’ privacy and freedom of

thought and expression 保护用户的隐私及思考和表达自由

“ 用长久的自由去换取暂时的安全的人 , 既不配拥有自由也不配拥有安全 .-- 本杰明 弗兰克林

Balance Security with Liberty平衡安全与自由

别监视我

Leading Any Organization领导一个组织 Learn and understand the culture of the

institution and the library Understand the valuesvalues of the institution and

the Library 了解该组织 / 图书馆的文化 理解该组织 / 图书馆的价值观

Leadership ChallengesLeadership Challenges领导力的挑战领导力的挑战 Effectiveness and Effectiveness and

relevancyrelevancy TerritorialityTerritoriality MoraleMorale Financial resources Financial resources Political positionPolitical position

效率和相关性效率和相关性 范围范围 民心民心 资金资金 政治环境政治环境

Importance of Organizational Structure 组织结构的重要性 Clarifies reporting

relationships Establishes authority Facilitates

communication Sets basis for change

processes

责任制明确 确立权威 交流畅通 改革的基础

Know YourselfKnow Yourself自我认识自我认识

Why did you take the Why did you take the position?position?

What is your decision What is your decision style?style?

What are your strengths?What are your strengths? What do you fear most?What do you fear most? How will you measure How will you measure

success?success? How will you stay fresh?How will you stay fresh?

你为何受命该职位你为何受命该职位 ?? 你是如何做决定的你是如何做决定的 ?? 你的强项是什么你的强项是什么 ?? 你最担心什么你最担心什么 ?? 你怎样定义成功你怎样定义成功 ?? 你怎样自我调整，保持精神饱满？

ATTITUDE MATTERSATTITUDE MATTERS态度的重要性态度的重要性 Positive, supportive, empowering – share information and engender Positive, supportive, empowering – share information and engender

trusttrust Reduce conflict and competition by role modeling respectReduce conflict and competition by role modeling respect Communicate values and principles that characterize how you will Communicate values and principles that characterize how you will

function through examplesfunction through examples 积极正面，鼓励性，增加自主权 --- 信息共享，互相信任 合理分工，减少冲突与竞争 通过实例和同仁交流你的行事准则

ATTITUDE MATTERSATTITUDE MATTERS态度的重要性态度的重要性 Distinguish criticism from critical analysis - Distinguish criticism from critical analysis - ““blame and blame and

complaincomplain”” Don’t overreact – people have opinions and different Don’t overreact – people have opinions and different

personalitiespersonalities Don’t put off difficult decisionsDon’t put off difficult decisions Rumors are important to understand and addressRumors are important to understand and address 区别“批评”和“批评式分析”： “责备和抱怨区别“批评”和“批评式分析”： “责备和抱怨”” 不要反应过激：每个人有不同的声音和个性不要反应过激：每个人有不同的声音和个性 不要拖延艰难的决定不要拖延艰难的决定 理解流言，处理留言理解流言，处理留言

Articulate a Clear Vision阐述清晰的愿景 Identify barriers and facilitators for achieving the visionIdentify barriers and facilitators for achieving the vision Include key individuals that who will support changeInclude key individuals that who will support change Begin consensus building and unit refinements of the Begin consensus building and unit refinements of the

visionvision Build shared vision with deliberate speedBuild shared vision with deliberate speed明确在实现愿景的过程中的有利和有碍因素明确其中的关键人员尽快达成共识，统一愿景设计从容地建立起共同愿景

Articulate a Clear Vision阐述清晰的愿景 Reward behaviors that contribute to Reward behaviors that contribute to

achieving the vision/goals/values publiclyachieving the vision/goals/values publicly Link individual goals to group goals Link individual goals to group goals Facilitate collaborationFacilitate collaboration公开地褒奖为实现整体愿景公开地褒奖为实现整体愿景 // 目标目标 // 价值的行为价值的行为把个人目标和集体目标联系起来把个人目标和集体目标联系起来促进合作促进合作

Dealing With ResistorsDealing With Resistors协调不配合的人事 Spend time to understand their concernsSpend time to understand their concerns Define consensus clearly & make decisions transparent Define consensus clearly & make decisions transparent Do not empower their position Do not empower their position Make true merit decisionsMake true merit decisions 花时间去了解他们的顾虑花时间去了解他们的顾虑 明确共识，决定透明化明确共识，决定透明化 不要赋予他们权力不要赋予他们权力 做出正确的决定做出正确的决定

Two Important Keys to Success成功的两个关键因素 Maintain an open mindMaintain an open mind Find a mentorFind a mentor

思想开放思想开放 良师导航良师导航

What is a Mentor?何谓良师？A mentor helps you

Set long-term goals and short-term objectives Explore new directions to achieve goals Identify personal strengths and weaknesses Make career-worthy contacts and engagements良师可以帮助你：• 设定长期方略和短期目标• 开拓新方法来达成目标• 认识人事资源的强项与弱点• 建立有职业价值的人际关系

Some Ways to Stay Fresh保持与时俱进的方法 Read reports and other materialsRead reports and other materials Talk with staffTalk with staff Familiarize yourself with institutional Familiarize yourself with institutional

processesprocesses Identify issues, aspirations, concerns, Identify issues, aspirations, concerns,

perceptionsperceptions 阅读报告及其他材料 与员工交流 熟悉组织内部流程 了解员工的问题，志向，顾虑和立场

A Leader is a Coach for all StaffA Leader is a Coach for all Staff领导者是员工的教练领导者是员工的教练• Good staff are key to meeting Good staff are key to meeting

library’s goalslibrary’s goals• Determine best ways to involve Determine best ways to involve

staff in setting and meeting goalsstaff in setting and meeting goals• Measure performance objectively Measure performance objectively

against progress towards goalsagainst progress towards goals

• 优秀的员工是实现图书馆的目标的关键• 选择最好的办法使员工加入到目标的设定和实现中来• 在实现目标的过程中客观地评价员工的表现

Encourage Leading From One’s Seat鼓励自主领导

Leader’s job is to make employees feel empowered

Leader makes sure it’s ok for employees to fail

Employees must know their role and what they’re accountable for

领导的工作是要让员工感到有权利 领导要确保员工是可以失败 员工要明白自己的职责

Talk to colleagues holding similar positionsTalk to colleagues holding similar positions Try to be fully informed before making Try to be fully informed before making

decisions and remain transparentdecisions and remain transparent Remember what is said and what is heard Remember what is said and what is heard

might be differentmight be different Suspend negative judgments as much as Suspend negative judgments as much as

possiblepossible 与员工站在同一立场上交谈 在了解全局的情况下作决定，并且做到透明性 谨记所说与所听常有出入 尽量停止负面判断

The Long HaulThe Long Haul任重道远

Role model desired behaviors Role model desired behaviors Cultivate distributed leadership through influencing othersCultivate distributed leadership through influencing others’’

decisionsdecisions Don’t worry about who is getting credit – celebrate Don’t worry about who is getting credit – celebrate

togethertogether Challenge yourself and others to Challenge yourself and others to ““figure out a way to get figure out a way to get

therethere”” 表率行为 影响同仁的决定，培养他人的领导力 不论是谁的功劳，大家一起庆祝 挑战自己和同仁们“找到一个办法达到目标”

THE LONG HAULTHE LONG HAUL任重道远

THE LONG HAULTHE LONG HAUL任重道远任重道远Distinguish temporary setbacks from the need to revise goalsDistinguish temporary setbacks from the need to revise goals

Communicate Communicate Encourage & supportEncourage & support Revise methodologies & processesRevise methodologies & processesIdentify potential leaders and create plan to develop their skillsIdentify potential leaders and create plan to develop their skills区别暂时的挫折和修改目标的必要交流鼓励与支持修改工作方法和工作流程发现有领导潜力的同仁，创造机会去发展他们的才能

EVERYTHING IS INTERCONNECTEDEVERYTHING IS INTERCONNECTED事事相关事事相关 Management decisions are

financial decisions and vice versa

Library services Recruitment/retention Fund-raising 管理决定就是财政决定，反之亦然 图书馆服务 雇用新人 融资

Enjoy the Difference You Are Making!Enjoy the Difference You Are Making!享受你创造的新环境吧享受你创造的新环境吧

Your Success as Leaders is Measured Your Success as Leaders is Measured by the Success of Othersby the Success of Others领导者的成功由他的团队中其他人的成功来衡量

Create an environment that fosters achievementCreate an environment that fosters achievement创造一个可以缔造成就的团队氛围创造一个可以缔造成就的团队氛围