Life and Diversity in Colonies

1.01 Describe how geographic diversity influenced economic, social and political life in

colonial North America.1.04 Elaborate on the emergence of an

American identity.

A. Reasons for coming to the New World

1. Get rich (economic gain)a. Jamestown: 1st

successful settlement in VA

b. Joint-stock company : fund them in hopes to get rich off the resources

A. Reasons for coming to the New World

2. Religious Freedom (escape religious persecution)a. Pilgrims: founded

Plymouth in 1620 (Mayflower Compact)

b. Puritans: wanted a colony that had “pure biblical teaching,” the plan was to build a “city upon a hill,” Massachusetts Bay Colony

A. Reasons for coming to the New World

c. Roger Williams: banished from Massachusetts = believed church and state should be separate, founded Rhode Island; became a safe haven for people of all faiths.

d. Quakers: settled in Pennsylvania under William Penn who wanted a “city of brotherly love” (believed in education for all; pacifists)

e. Catholics: settled in Maryland; offered religious freedom “Maryland Act of Toleration”

Roger Williams

A. Reasons for coming to the New World

3. Political Freedom: 1. Georgia founded

by James Oglethorpe for debtors and poor people

James Oglethorpe wanted to help debtors and other poor people. He asked the king

for a charter and founded Georgia.

B. The Institution of Slavery1. Indentured Servant: in order to get to the New

World, many would have rich people buy their way in exchange for working 4-7 yrsa. Economic improvement in England led to a

decline in indentured servants and the colonists needed a new source of labor

2. Slavery: Slaves were needed as labor in the colonies increaseda. plantations: a huge farm in which cheap labor

was needed to harvest the crops (mainly in south)

B. The Institution of Slaveryb. Slave Trade

1) Triangular Trade Route: linked Europe, Africa, The West Indies and Americas

2) Kidnapped and taken to the coast, Middle passage (boat journey), sold into slavery

3) Europe traded textiles and weapons to Africans for slaves and colonists traded for sugar molasses to make rum for Slaves.

Slave Trade in Colonial America

Middle Passage

C. Types of Colonies

1. Proprietary Colony: an owner or proprietor owned the land and controlled the government. (Usually given a Charter by the King.)

2. Royal Colony: a colony owned and ruled directly by the King.

King George II

D. Life in the Colonies1. Dominated by males (only

boys educated)2. Women: Married early, raised

children, worked on the farm, denied an education

3. Native Americansa. Peaceful introduction with

some religious group (pilgrims at Plymouth Rock)

b. Land seen as a resource shared by group, they fought in wars against colonists to keep land

c. Disease and weapons killed 100,000+.

E. Government in the Colonies1. Most colonies have a

governor appointed by the King.

2. Had a legislature elected by free adult males.a. House of Burgesses: first

legislature in the colonies3. Town Meetings: anyone

could attend but voting was limited to men with property. (mainly in New England Colonies: an example of direct democracy) Richard Henry Lee addresses

the House of Burgesses

The Thirteen Original Colonies

1. New England Colonies(MA, NH, CT, RI)

A. Population – English, Scottish

B. Common heritageC. Lived in small villagesD. Subsistent farmers (Grew

Just enough food for their family and livestock)

E. Major trade centersF. Major industries: ship

building, fishing, whaling, timber (Fishing and Trade)

2. Middle Colonies(NY, PA, NJ, DE)

A. Population – diverse B. Large spread out farmsC. Economy: Grew cash

crops (grains: Breadbasket of the colonies), Manufacturing, Craftsmen/Artisans (manufacturing, farming and trade)

D. Religious tolerance

3. Southern Colonies(VA, NC, SC, GA, MD)

A. Plantation Culture1) Population – English,

Enslaved Africans2) Self-sufficient plantations3) Slave labor 4) Grew cash crops: tobacco,

rice, indigo (Farming)B. Small farms in Backcountry

(rocky soil not good for plantations) subsistence farmers

1) Population – Scotch-Irish, Germans

Key Events in the ColoniesA. Bacon’s Rebellion-(Virginia) Nathaniel Bacon rebelled

against government policy to stop colonists from taking Native American lands

B. Salem Witch Trials- Religious challenge in Massachusetts, innocent women/men accused of witchcraft and burned at the stake, imprisoned or stoned to death

C. “Lost Colony”- unsuccessful English colony in Roanoke Island, Near N.C., John White left for England to get supplies, returned later than expected, no settlers remained, word on tree found “Croatan”

D. North Carolina- First colony to call for independence in Halifax Resolves. “First in Freedom”

Assignment-Map of 13 Colonies

• Turn to page 40 in the blue book and label the 13 colonies. Use the full name, not initials

• Make a key titled Regions and three colored blocks titled New England, Middle, Southern (see example).

• Color code the colonies based on their location (see slide)

• Label the Atlantic OceanRegions

New England

Middle

Southern