life in the marine environment
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LIFE IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT. Chapters 5, 6, 7, and 8. Kingdoms ___________ Archaebacteria eubacteria. Chapter 5: Microbial World, Seeweeds and Plants. First in our survey of life in ocean Devoted to marine microorganisms Most abundant Live everywhere in the ocean - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
LIFE IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENTChapters 5, 6, 7, and 8
KINGDOMS___________
ARCHAEBACTERIAEUBACTERIA
Chapter 5: Microbial World, Seeweeds and Plants
First in our survey of life in ocean Devoted to marine microorganisms
› Most abundant› Live everywhere in the ocean
From the deepest trenches To the highest tide pools
Prokaryotes: Bacteria Members of the domains Bacteria and
Archaea are prokaryotic› Cells lack a nucleus and other membrane-
bound organelles
Prokaryotes: Bacteria Differences:
› Chemistry of cell walls and plasma membranes
› Cellular machinery that manufactures proteins
Prokaryotes: Bacteria Symbiotic bacteria
› Digests wood ingested by shipworms (Teredo),
Prokaryotes: BacteriaSymbiotic bacteria
› Shipworms Are bivalve molluscs, not worms Lack cellulase – enzyme that breaks down
cellulose, main component of wood
Prokaryotes: BacteriaSymbiotic bacteria Bioluminescence
› To communicate with other members of their species
› Lure prey› Blend with the light that filters from the
surface
Prokaryotes: BacteriaSymbiotic bacteria Bioluminescence
Prokaryotes: Bacteria
Macropinna microstoma: A deep-sea fish with a transparent head and tubular eyes
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RM9o4VnfHJU&edufilter=DQBPVNZ5nlfNZmzO0OgIrQ
ALIEN?
Prokaryotes: BacteriaSymbiotic bacteria Chemosynthetic
bacteria is symbiotic with mussels, clams, and tube worms that live around deep-sea hydrothermal vents
› Manufacture organic matter from CO2 and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from the vents.
› Symbiotic bacteria live in a special organ of tube worm Riftia
Prokaryotes: BacteriaSymbiotic bacteria Chemosynthetic bacteria is symbiotic
with mussels, clams, and tube worms that live around deep-sea hydrothermal vents
Prokaryotes: BacteriaSymbiotic bacteria
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YGv2QxmaRI0&edufilter=DQBPVNZ5nlfNZmzO0OgIrQ
JAPANESE PUFFERFISH
Prokaryotes: BacteriaSymbiotic bacteria Japanese pufferfish
› Delicacy in Japan; “fugu”› Store toxins
http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/animals/fish-animals/spiny-rayed-fish/pufferfish/
Toxins produced by symbiotic bacteria not the fish
Fish immune to toxins Toxins deadly to predators (or humans) who
eat the fish.
Prokaryotes: Bacteria
Autotrophic bacteriaMake their own food
Photosynthetic Chemosynthetic
Prokaryotes: Bacteria
Autotrophic bacteriaMake their own food
Photosynthetic › Contain chlorophyll or other photosynthetic
pigments to capture sunlight to make food (like seaweeds and plants)
Cyanobacteria Once known as blue-green algae Photosynthetic
› Pigments Chlorophyll – green Phycocyanin – bluish Phycoerythrin – reddish
Carry out nitrogen fixation› Converting gaseous nitrogen (N2) into other
nitrogen compounds that can be used by other primary producers
Prokaryotes: Bacteria
Stromatolites, calcareous mounds deposited by cyanobacteria are frequently found as fossils. These, however, are living stromatolites growing in shallow water in the Exuma Cays, Bahama Islands.
Bacteria:Cyanobacteria
Prokaryotes: Bacteria
BACTERIAInvisible to the eye but powerful
giants when it comes to their rolein the environment
KINGDOM___________
PROTISTAAnimal-likePlant-like
Unicellular Algae Diatoms Dinoflagellates
Unicellular Algae
Diatoms Unicellular Live as plankton Cell walls made of silica (SiO2), glass-
like material› Used in products: filters for swimming
pools, temperature and sound insulators, abrasives in toothpaste
Primary producers in open water
Unicellular AlgaeDinoflagellates Planktonic, unicellular organisms. Two flagella
› One wrapped around a groove along the middle of the cell
› One trailing free Have a cell wall that is armored Mostly autotrophs, some heterotrophic Some bioluminescent
Protozoans
Animal-like protists Foraminiferans Radiolarians Ciliates
Protozoans
Foraminiferans Shell made of calcium carbonate Most benthic Some planktonic
› Shells important components of marine sediment
Pseudopodia(extensions ofcytoplasm) for movementhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f5cetm-fj3Y&edufilter=DQBPVNZ5nlfNZmzO0OgIrQ
Protozoans
Radiolarians Shells made primarily of silica (glass) Sediments cover large area of ocean
floor.
Protozoans
Ciliates Have many hair-like cilia used in
locomotion and feeding. Most familiar – paramecium
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGpudS9IjHg&edufilter=DQBPVNZ5nlfNZmzO0OgIrQ
The Multicellular Algae: Seaweeds
General Structure: seaweed vs land plant
The Multicellular Algae: Seaweeds
General Structure: seaweed vs land plant Thallus- name for entire structure Blades – photosynthetic region of
thallus; leaf-like, but lacks veins Pneumatocysts – gas filled bladders;
keeps blades close to surface Stipe – stem-like structure from which
blade orginates Holdfast – anchors thallus to bottom
The Multicellular Algae: Seaweeds
General Structure: seaweed vs land plant
The Multicellular Algae: Seaweeds
Types of Seaweed Green
algae/Chlorophyta › Largely unicellular› Non-marine;
freshwater habitat› Bright-green due to
large amounts of chlorophyll; also contains carotenoid pigments (yellow-brown)
The Multicellular Algae: Seaweeds
Types of Seaweed Green algae Brown algae Red algae
The Multicellular Algae: Seaweeds
Types of Seaweed Brown algae
Includes largest and most structurally complex seaweeds
› Chlorophyll found together with carotenoids
The Multicellular Algae: Seaweeds
Types of Seaweed Red algae
› Largest group› Chlorophyll masked by red pigment; also
contains carotenoids
The Multicellular Algae: Seaweeds
Economic Importance
FOODHave you had algae for
dinner?Algin
CarrageenanBeta carotene
Brownie mixCheese (yellow and orange)
Chocolate milkCoffee creamerCottage cheeseEgg substitute
Evaporated milkFrozen foods and desserts
Frozen yogurtIce cream
Infant FormulaMargarine
MayonnaiseMultiple vitamins
Pet foodPudding (cooked)
RelishesSalad dressing
Sauces and graviesSour creamToothpaste
Whipped creamYogurt
The Multicellular Algae: SeaweedsIf you have used any of
those products,
You have likely eaten ALGAE
KINGDOM___________
PLANTAE
Flowering Plants
Almost all flowering plants or angiosperms live on land EXCEPT three groups:
Seagrasses Salt-Marsh plants Mangroves
Flowering Plants
Seagrasses Truly marine Rarely exposed to air
Flowering Plants
Salt-marsh plants Land plant Salt tolerant Grow soft-bottom
coastal regions
Flowering Plants
Mangroves Land plant Salt tolerant Grow along shore
Flowering Plants
Reproduction Involves a dominant sporophyte
› Features an elaborate reproductive organ, the flower.