Life on the Home Front

World War I (1914-1918)

Chapter 24, Section 3

Do Now:

• What Do You See?

• What is the Author Trying to Say?

• What Symbolism is Being Used? (What Does it Mean?)

Essential Questions:

• What does it mean to have “free” speech?”

• Should “free speech” be limited? Why or Why Not?

• Is “free speech” necessary for a country to be free?

How is the U.S. Going to Pay for World War I?

• U.S. Government Sold War Bonds!!!

• Low Interest Loans by CITIZENS to the U.S. Government

• Think of U.S. Savings Bonds

• Baptism/Communion/ Confirmation/ Bahmitzvahs/Weddings

Selling War Bonds

• U.S. Government Officials Held Liberty Loan Drives to Raise $$$

• Propaganda Posters

• Hollywood Actors Were Used to Promote the Sale of War Bonds

“Victory Gardens”

• U.S. Citizens Were Asked to Grow Gardens at Home

• Less Food Would Be Bought At Stores

• Extra Food Could Then Be Shipped to the Soldiers in Europe!!!

U.S. Citizens At Home• School Children

Rolled Bandages

• Collected Tin Cans, Paper, Toothpaste Tubs, Apricot Pits

• Women Knitted Socks, Sweaters, Hospital Gowns

Rationing• Citizens Did Not Eat

Wheat on Mondays and Wednesdays

• No Meat on Tuesdays

• No More Pleasure Drives (Save Gas)

• Limited Use of Metals and Steel – Needed for the War

Government Control of the Economy

• Government Needed to Make Sure They Had Enough Supplies to Win the War

• Government Wanted to Make Sure We Win!!!

• Government Created 3 National Boards!!!

The War Industries Board

• Managed the Buying and Distribution of War Materials

• Made Sure the Factories Had Materials Needed for War Supplies

• Built New Factories

• Set Production Goals

War Industries Board• War Industries

Board Also Set Prices of Goods

• Because Materials were Scarce, Prices Would Skyrocket Up! (Supply and Demand)

• Only the Rich Could Then Buy Goods!

National War Labor Board

• Settled Conflicts Between Workers (Labor Unions) and Factory Owners

• Made Sure There Were NO Strikes During WWI

• Can’t Have a Strike During a War! (No Supplies Would be Made!)

The National War Labor Board

Committee on Public Information

• Government Agency That Created Propaganda

• Propaganda: Opinions Expressed for the Purpose of Influencing People to Take Action!

• Posters, Pamphlets, Movies, Songs, Etc…

WWI: The War of Posters!

Hayes and D’Ascoli… Play WWI Song, “Johnnie Get

Your Gun!”

Find Your Favorite Piece of Propaganda on Hayes’

Walls!!!

Propaganda Created Prejudice:

• U.S. Government Wanted to Create Support for WWI

• Propaganda Led to Prejudice Against Central Power Countries!

• German Americans Faced it the Worst!

What Were The “New” Names?

Personal Reflection:

• Should government’s have the right to create propaganda to influence it’s citizens to take action?

• Should businesses have that same right?

You Tube

• Army Strong Commercials

• Navy Commercials

Espionage Act (1917) & Sedition Act (1918)

• Made it Illegal to Criticize WWI

• Heavy Fines and 10 Years in Jail

• Why Do YOU Think the U.S. Made Criticism of the War Illegal?

Free Speech?• U.S. Arrested More

Than 1,500 Pacifists, Socialists, and Other War Critics

• Eugene Debs Was Arrested for Protesting the War! 10 Years in Jail!

• What Was the U.S. Afraid Of?

Alien and Sedition Acts• U.S. Government

Passed the Alien and Sedition Acts in 1796 (7th Grade)

• Limited Criticism of the Government!

• Why Do YOU Think Many Americans Thought the Alien, Espionage (1917) and Sedition (1918) Acts Were a Violation of Their Rights?

Socratic Seminar: Marilyn Manson T-Shirt vs.

School Dress Code

Debate

• Should governments have the right to silence its’ citizens when they feel its’ in their best interests?

7 Supreme Court Cases• You Must Know 7

Supreme Court Cases for the N.Y.S. Assessment:– Marbury vs. Madison– Dred Scott vs.

Sanford– Munn vs. Illinois– Plessy vs. Ferguson– Schenck vs. United

States– ???– ???

Schenck vs.United States• Mr. Schenck Handed Out

Anti-War Pamphlets in Times Square, NY – Arrested for Violation of the Espionage and Sedition Acts!

• Sued – Claimed 1st Amendment Was Violated

• Argued Espionage and Sedition Acts Took Away Freedom of Speech

Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes

• “The most stringent [strict] protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theatre and causing a panic… The question in every case is whether the words used… are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about … evils that Congress has a right to prevent.

» Oliver Wendell Holmes, Schenck vs. the U.S., 1919

Free Speech?

• Can the KKK Have a Parade Down Columbus Avenue?

• Can Eminem Curse on His New Album?

• Should Free Speech Be Limited?

Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes

• The Supreme Court Ruled that Free Speech Can Be Limited!

• You Do NOT Have a Right to Free Speech if it Creates a, “Clear and Present Danger!”

• Arlington National Cemetery – We Will See His Grave!

The Great Migration• Labor Shortage in

Factories Because Men Were Drafted!

• 500,000 African Americans Move into Northern Cities for JOBS!!!

• #1 Reason = Jobs

• Also Left South to Escape Bigotry, Poverty, and Racial Violence (Better Life)

Mexican Migration to U.S. During WWI

• Job Opportunities:– Railroads– Farming in the South

West of the U.S.

• Revolution in Mexico:– Many Mexicans

Escaped to the United States

• Some Mexicans Went to Northern Cities:– Factory Jobs

New Job Opportunities for Women During WWI

• Women Worked in Steel Mills, Ammunition Factories & On Assembly Lines

• Served as Streetcar Conductors & Elevator Operators

• Jobs During WWI Helped Women Get the 19th Amendment!

The Flu Epidemic of 1918• Flu Epidemic of 1918

Killed 20 MILLION People Around the World!!!

• Over 500,000 Americans Died

• Schools and Public Places Were Shut Down

• How Was the Flu Able to Reach 6 Continents?

Essential Questions:

• What does it mean to have “free” speech?”

• Should “free speech” be limited? Why or Why Not?

• Is “free speech” necessary for a country to be free?