World World War IWar I

((1914 -19181914 -1918))

World World War IWar I

((1914 -19181914 -1918))

Differing ViewpointsDiffering ViewpointsDiffering ViewpointsDiffering Viewpoints

“ “Family Feud”Family Feud”

“ “Fall of the Eagles”Fall of the Eagles”

“ “The War to End All Wars”The War to End All Wars”

“ “The War to Make theThe War to Make the World Safe for Democracy” World Safe for Democracy”

CausesCausesof theof theWarWar

CausesCausesof theof theWarWar

1. The Alliance System1. The Alliance System1. The Alliance System1. The Alliance System

Triple EntenteTriple Entente::Triple EntenteTriple Entente:: Triple AllianceTriple Alliance::Triple AllianceTriple Alliance::

Two Armed Camps!Two Armed Camps!Two Armed Camps!Two Armed Camps!Allied PowersAllied Powers::Allied PowersAllied Powers:: Central PowersCentral Powers::Central PowersCentral Powers::

The Major Players: 1914-17The Major Players: 1914-17The Major Players: 1914-17The Major Players: 1914-17

Nicholas II Nicholas II [Rus][Rus]

Nicholas II Nicholas II [Rus][Rus]

George V [Br]George V [Br]George V [Br]George V [Br]

Pres. Poincare [Fr]Pres. Poincare [Fr]Pres. Poincare [Fr]Pres. Poincare [Fr]

Allied PowersAllied Powers::Allied PowersAllied Powers::

Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]

Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]

Victor Emmanuel II Victor Emmanuel II [It][It]

Victor Emmanuel II Victor Emmanuel II [It][It]

Central PowersCentral Powers::Central PowersCentral Powers::

Enver PashaEnver Pasha[Turkey][Turkey]

Enver PashaEnver Pasha[Turkey][Turkey]

Europe in 1914Europe in 1914Europe in 1914Europe in 1914

2. Militarism & Arms Race2. Militarism & Arms Race2. Militarism & Arms Race2. Militarism & Arms Race

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914

94 130 154 268 289 398

Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.]

in millions of £s.in millions of £s.

1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures

France 10%

Britain 13%

Russia 39%

Germany 73%

3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

4. Aggressive Nationalism4. Aggressive Nationalism4. Aggressive Nationalism4. Aggressive Nationalism

TheThe“Spark“Spark

””

TheThe“Spark“Spark

””

Archduke Franz Ferdinand & Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His FamilyHis Family

Archduke Franz Ferdinand & Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His FamilyHis Family

The Assassination: SarajevoThe Assassination: SarajevoThe Assassination: SarajevoThe Assassination: Sarajevo

The Assassin: The Assassin:• Gavrilo Princip• “Young Bosnia”• “Black Hand”

• Gavrilo Princip• “Young Bosnia”• “Black Hand”

Who’s To Blame?Who’s To Blame?Who’s To Blame?Who’s To Blame?

The Schlieffen PlanThe Schlieffen PlanThe Schlieffen PlanThe Schlieffen Plan

German Atrocities in BelgiumGerman Atrocities in BelgiumGerman Atrocities in BelgiumGerman Atrocities in Belgium

MobilizationMobilizationMobilizationMobilization

Home by Christmas!Home by Christmas! No major war No major war

in 50 years!in 50 years! Nationalism!Nationalism!

Home by Christmas!Home by Christmas! No major war No major war

in 50 years!in 50 years! Nationalism!Nationalism!

Recruitment PostersRecruitment PostersRecruitment PostersRecruitment Posters

A Young Australian RecruitA Young Australian RecruitA Young Australian RecruitA Young Australian Recruit

Recruits of the Recruits of the Central PowersCentral PowersRecruits of the Recruits of the Central PowersCentral Powers

Austro-Austro-HungariansHungarians

Austro-Austro-HungariansHungarians

A German Soldier A German Soldier Says Farewell to Says Farewell to

His MotherHis Mother

A German Soldier A German Soldier Says Farewell to Says Farewell to

His MotherHis Mother

New French RecruitsNew French RecruitsNew French RecruitsNew French Recruits

A “Young German Soldier”A “Young German Soldier”A “Young German Soldier”A “Young German Soldier”

Soldiers Mobilized

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

France Germany Russia Britain

Mil

lio

ns

WomenWomenand and thetheWarWar

EffortEffort

WomenWomenand and thetheWarWar

EffortEffort

Financing the WarFinancing the WarFinancing the WarFinancing the War

Munitions WorkersMunitions WorkersMunitions WorkersMunitions Workers

French Women Factory Workers

French Women Factory Workers

A Woman Ambulance DriverA Woman Ambulance DriverA Woman Ambulance DriverA Woman Ambulance Driver

Red Cross NursesRed Cross NursesRed Cross NursesRed Cross Nurses

SpiesSpiesSpiesSpies

“Mata Hari”

Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle

German Spy!

“Mata Hari”

Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle

German Spy!

Russian Women SoldiersRussian Women SoldiersRussian Women SoldiersRussian Women Soldiers

The The Western Western Front:Front:

A “War of A “War of

Attrition” Attrition”

The The Western Western Front:Front:

A “War of A “War of

Attrition” Attrition”

A Multi-Front WarA Multi-Front WarA Multi-Front WarA Multi-Front War

The Western FrontThe Western FrontThe Western FrontThe Western Front

Trench WarfareTrench WarfareTrench WarfareTrench Warfare

Trench WarfareTrench WarfareTrench WarfareTrench Warfare

““No Man’s No Man’s Land”Land”

““No Man’s No Man’s Land”Land”

Verdun – February, 1916Verdun – February, 1916Verdun – February, 1916Verdun – February, 1916

German offensive.German offensive.

Each side had 500,000 casualties.Each side had 500,000 casualties.

German offensive.German offensive.

Each side had 500,000 casualties.Each side had 500,000 casualties.

The Somme – July, 1916The Somme – July, 1916The Somme – July, 1916The Somme – July, 1916

60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.

Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.

Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

War Is HELL !!War Is HELL !!War Is HELL !!War Is HELL !!

Krupp’s “Big Bertha” GunKrupp’s “Big Bertha” GunKrupp’s “Big Bertha” GunKrupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

TheTheEasternEastern

FrontFront

TheTheEasternEastern

FrontFront

The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915

Turkish Cavalry in PalestineTurkish Cavalry in PalestineTurkish Cavalry in PalestineTurkish Cavalry in Palestine

T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18

T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18

TheThe“Colonial“Colonial

””FrontsFronts

TheThe“Colonial“Colonial

””FrontsFronts

Sikh British Soldiers in IndiaSikh British Soldiers in India

Fighting in AfricaFighting in Africa

British Sikh Mountain Gunners

British Sikh Mountain Gunners

Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen

[German E. Africa]

Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen

[German E. Africa]

Fighting in AfricaFighting in Africa

3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade

Fighting in Salonika, GreeceFighting in Salonika, Greece

French colonial marine infantry fromCochin, China - 1916

French colonial marine infantry fromCochin, China - 1916

AmericAmericaa

JoinsJoinsthethe

AlliesAllies

AmericAmericaa

JoinsJoinsthethe

AlliesAllies

The Sinking of the Lusitania

The Sinking of the Lusitania

The Zimmerman TelegramThe Zimmerman Telegram

The YanksAre Coming!The Yanks

Are Coming!

Americans in the TrenchesAmericans in the Trenches

The War of The War of thethe

Industrial Industrial Revolution:Revolution:

NewNewTechnologyTechnology

The War of The War of thethe

Industrial Industrial Revolution:Revolution:

NewNewTechnologyTechnology

French Renault TankFrench Renault Tank

British Tank at YpresBritish Tank at Ypres

U-BoatsU-Boats

Allied Ships Sunk by U-BoatsAllied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

The AirplaneThe Airplane

The Flying Aces of World War IThe Flying Aces of World War I

Eddie Rickenbacher, US

FrancescoBarraco, It.

Rene PaukFonck, Fr.

Manfred vonRichtoffen, Ger.

[The “Red Baron”]

Willy Coppens deHolthust, Belg.

Eddie “Mick”Mannoch, Br.

The ZeppelinThe Zeppelin

FlameThrowers

FlameThrowers

GrenadeLaunchersGrenade

Launchers

Poison GasPoison Gas

Machine GunMachine Gun

1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies

50,000,000 – 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died100,000,000 died

50,000,000 – 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died100,000,000 died

11 a.m., November 11, 191811 a.m., November 11, 1918

The Armistice is Signed!

9,000,000 Dead9,000,000 Dead9,000,000 Dead9,000,000 Dead

The Somme American Cemetary, France

The Somme American Cemetary, France

116,516 Americans Deaths116,516 Americans Deaths116,516 Americans Deaths116,516 Americans Deaths

World War I CasualtiesWorld War I Casualties

01,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,0008,000,0009,000,000

10,000,000RussiaGermanyAustria-HungaryFranceGreat BritainItalyTurkeyUS