1914-1918:

The Worldat War

1914-1918:

The Worldat WarMrs. May-BeatonMrs. May-Beaton

Causesof theWar

Causesof theWar

1. Militarism 1. Militarism

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914

94 130 154 268 289 398

Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br.,

Rus.] in millions of £s.

1910-1914 Increase in Defense

Expenditures

France 10%

Britain 13%

Russia 39%

Germany

73%

2. The Alliance System2. The Alliance System

Triple Entente:Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:Triple Alliance:

Two Armed Camps!Two Armed Camps!Allied Powers:Allied Powers: Central Powers:Central Powers:

The Major Players: 1914-17

The Major Players: 1914-17

Nicholas II [Rus]

Nicholas II [Rus]

George V [Br]George V [Br]

Pres. Poincare [Fr]

Pres. Poincare [Fr]

Allied Powers:Allied Powers:

Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]

Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]

Victor Emmanuel II [It]

Victor Emmanuel II [It]

Central Powers:Central Powers:

Enver Pasha[Turkey]

Enver Pasha[Turkey]

Europe in 1914Europe in 1914

3. Imperialism3. Imperialism

4.Nationalism4.Nationalism

Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914

Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914

The“Powder

Keg”of Europe

The“Powder

Keg”of Europe

The

“Spark”

The

“Spark”

Leading up to the ‘shot heard round the world’:

Austria controlled BosniaNationalism:

Serbia wanted the territory of Bosnia to be freed from foreign control

Wanted to unite Serbia and Bosnia June 28, 1389 Serbs conquered by Turks June 28, 1912 Serbs defeat Ottoman Turks and

receive their freedom June 28, 1914…

Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Born 12/18/1863, Austria Assassinated 7/28/1914 Archduke of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne Was told not to go to Bosnia because of terrorist

action Serbs see Austrians as foreign oppressors Wife killed in assassination as well Assassinated by Princip in order to force Austria

to giving up their control of Bosnia

The Black Hand

Nationalist gang Included high ranking Serbian military

officials. Main purpose to unite all Serbs across

Balkans “To realize the national ideal, the unification of all

Serbs. This organization prefers terrorist action to cultural activities; it will therefore remain secret."

The Assassination: Sarajevo

The Assassination: Sarajevo

The Plot

The Black hand wanted to assassinate the Archduke in order to bring Bosnia into Serbia and unite all Serbs.

Leaders of Bosnia found out about the plot but were unable to prevent it in time.

3 men planned to kill the Archduke when he came to visit Bosnia

The Assassin: The Assassin:

GavriloPrincipGavriloPrincip

Gavril Princip

D.O.B- 7/25/1894, Bosnia Died 1918, at 23 from tuberculosis in

Czechoslovakia Member of the “ Young Bosnia” nationalist

group, connected to the “Black Hand” Wanted Bosnia to become part of Serbia Only assassin to complete plot, and murder the

Archduke

The Result: Powder Keg Erupts!

Austria sends Serbia an ultimatum: Punish any military officials involved in the plotEnd Serbian aggression against AustriaGive Austria full access to military records and government

files and investigate the shooting Serbia refused part of the ultimatum, claiming it

would have to give up their freedom Germany gave Austria their full support, writing

a “blank check” for Austria to start war with Serbia

Continued…

Serbia asks Russia for support, and gets both French and Russia support

Ultimatum expires, Austria officially declares war on Serbia

Russia partially mobilizes forces along Austrian border, July 30

Germany declared war on France and Russia, following “Schlieffen Plan”

Continued…

Serbia asks Russia for support, and gets both French and Russia support

Ultimatum expires, Austria officially declares war on Serbia

Russia partially mobilizes forces along Austrian border, July 30

Germany declared war on France and Russia, following “Schlieffen Plan”

What was the Schlieffen Plan?

Germany’s military Strategy planned by General Schlieffen years before Ferdinand’s assassination

Germany did not want to fight a 2-front war

Fighting both Russia and France at once, on either border.

Plan to first defeat France by going through Belgium, and then focus on Russia, hoping that Russia would be slow to mobilize

Back To Results

Germany’s declaration of war and invasion of neutral Belgium with no explanation, FORCED England to declare war on Germany

By August 5, 1914 the lines were drawn: France, England, Russia, Serbia (Gummy

Bears) vs. Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire (Sour Gummies)

The Major Players: 1914-17

The Major Players: 1914-17

Nicholas II [Rus]

Nicholas II [Rus]

George V [Br]George V [Br]

Pres. Poincare [Fr]

Pres. Poincare [Fr]

Allied Powers:Allied Powers:

Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]

Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]

Victor Emmanuel II [It]

Victor Emmanuel II [It]

Central Powers:Central Powers:

Enver Pasha[Turkey]

Enver Pasha[Turkey]

I'm not saying

anything yet

Europe in 1914Europe in 1914

DIG IN!

Battle lines are drawn and trench warfare is born!

Who’s To Blame?Who’s To Blame?

What’s Going On?

Who is in this cartoon? What is the cartoon saying about the

events leading up to the war? What is meant by the quote, “…and surely

so much stockpiled gunpowder will explode.”

What will happen

4 years of horrific fighting throughout Europe

Other neutral nations will be forced into battle

One death will lead to millions The illusion of a great war will be

shattered by modern warfare techniques Change the world, and diplomacy