life span chapter 2: culture. culture learned patterns of behavior thinking decisions actions
TRANSCRIPT
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Life Span
Chapter 2: Culture
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Culture
• Learned patterns of behavior
• Thinking• Decisions• Actions
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What is Culture?
• Shared– Beliefs– Values– Ideas– Doctrine
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Culture
•Culture
Health
Influences
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Cultural Awareness
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CULTURE
Values
Reaction to Death
Male / Female roles
Diet
Child rearing
Pain perception
Reaction to Stress
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Is the USA
A.A melting potB.Salad bowl
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Heterogeneous
• Consists of many ethnic groups.
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Beliefs
• Truths held by a culture
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Values
• Deep feelings that determine what is considered good or bad.
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Norms
• Society accepted rules
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Folkways
• Greeting customs
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Laws
• Written policies enforced by govt.
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Mores
• Strong moral beliefs
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Sanctions
• Social remedies for violating any norms
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Symbols
• Language, gestures, objects used to communicate
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Race
• Similar physical characteristics
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Ethnicity
• Shared cultural heritage
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Ethnocentric
• Belief that your culture is better than another
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Stereotyping• Fixed, over generalized belief
about a group
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Transcultural nursing
• Cultural competence• Cultural awareness• Cultural sensitivity
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Hispanic
• Largest• Fastest growing
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Hispanic
• Head of the family…–Man
• Personal space–Close when
talking
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Hispanic
• Direct eye contact–Avoided–Evil eye
• Religion–Strong –Catholic
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Hispanic
• Health care–Home remedies–Folk healing–Doctor makes decisions
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Hispanic• Most common disease–Diabetes–Hypertension–Lactose intolerance
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Native Americans
• Elders –Respected
• Talking loud–Rude
• Eye contact–Unacceptable
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Native Americans
• Respect for –The earth
• Child care–Babies touched less
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Native Americans
• Common diseases–Heart disease–Diabetes–Lactose intolerance
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African Americans
• Eye contact–Aggressive
• Family organization–Matriarchal
• Distrust –Health care
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African Americans• Common diseases–Hypertension–Cancer–Stroke–Diabetes–Kidney disease–Liver disease
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Europeans Americans
• Speech–Loud
• Eye contact–Essential
• Touching–Less accepted
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European Americans
• Common diseased–Cancer –Leukemia
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Asian Americans
• Communication–Quiet
• Eye contact–Disrespectful
• Touch–Only between same gender
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• Health–Ying / Yang
• Common disease–Lactose intolerance–Hypertension–Liver cancer–Stomach cancer
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“A group of people who share and are unified by experiences and background based on such
factors as socioeconomic status, religion, education and residence.”
A. CultureB. Ethnic groupC. EthnocentrismD. PrejudiceE. Race
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“Belief that their own cultural group’s beliefs and values are the only acceptable ones”
A. CultureB. Ethnic groupC. EthnocentrismD. PrejudiceE. Race
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“Is the learned behavior, values, beliefs, norms, and practices shared by a particular group of
people that guide their thinking, decisions and actions”
A. CultureB. Ethnic groupC. EthnocentrismD. PrejudiceE. Race
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“The act or state of holding unreasonable preconceived judgments
or convictions.”
A. CultureB. Ethnic groupC. EthnocentrismD. PrejudiceE. Race
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5. “To identify differences in physical characteristics, such as skin color, eye shape
and bone structure.”
A. CultureB. Ethnic groupC. EthnocentrismD. PrejudiceE. Race
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Culture / Race / Ethnic group / Prejudice
• Culture: – “Is the learned behavior, values,
beliefs, norms, and practices shared by a particular group of people that guide their thinking, decisions and actions”
• Race: – “To identify differences in physical
characteristics, such as skin color, eye shape and bone structure.”
• Ethnic group: – “A group of people who share and
are unified by experiences and background based on such factors as socioeconomic status, religion, education and residence.”
• Prejudice– “The act or state of
holding unreasonable preconceived judgments or convictions.”
• Ethnocentrism: – “Belief that their own
cultural group’s beliefs and values are the only acceptable ones”
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Nation of origin: Asian
• Communication–National - dialects–Silence / Non-verbal
• Space–Non contact
• Time–Present
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Nation of origin: Asian
• Social Orientation–Family: hierarchical –Community > self
• Environmental control–Traditional medicine
• Biologic Variations–Liver & stomach CA; HTN; lactose
intolerance
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Nation of origin: African
• Communication–Dialects
• Space–Close personal space
• Time–Present over future
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Nation of origin: African
• Social Orientation–Many single parents– Large extended family–Church
• Environmental control–Traditional medicine
• Biologic Variations– Sickle cell anemia; HTN; lactose intolerance,
Stomach CA
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Nation of origin: European
• Communication–National + English
• Space–Noncontact; Aloof
• Time–Future over present
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Nation of origin: European
• Social Orientation–Nuclear family
• Environmental control–Modern medicine
• Biologic Variations–Breast CA; heart disease; Diabetes
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Nation of origin: Native American
• Communication–Tribal–Silence and body language
• Space–VERY important
• Time–Present
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Nation of origin: Native American
• Social Orientation–FAMILY–Respect & traditions
• Environmental control–Traditional healing
• Biologic Variations–Heart disease, diabetes, Cirrhosis of the liver
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Nation of origin: Hispanic
• Communication–Spanish/Portuguese
• Space–Touch
• Time–Present
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Nation of origin: Hispanic
• Social Orientation–Family nuclear + extended
• Environmental control–Traditional medicine
• Biologic Variations–Diabetes, lactose intolerance
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• “People of every culture have the right to have their cultural values known, respected, and addressed appropriately”
• The nurse must be …– Sensitive– Aware– Respectful
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6 cultural characteristic
• Communication• Space• Social orientation
• Time• Environmental control• Biological variations
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Religious Care Consideration
• Islam: –Prayers – washing,
privacy–Caregivers same
gender– Food: Do not eat
pork or alcohol– Fasting: Ramadan
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Religious Care Consideration
• Judaism– Sabbath (Friday
night – Saturday night) avoid activities– Food: Kosher (not
milk + meat); NO PORK
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Religious Care Consideration
• Hinduism–Vegetarian–No BEEF – (Cows
are sacred)
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Religious Care Consideration
• Catholic:–No meat on Friday–Religious icons–Anointment for
healing, and when death imminent
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Religious Care Consideration
• The Church of Jesus Christ of LDS/Mormon–No tea, coffee,
alcohol–Wear special
underclothing
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• Methodist– On request clergy
anoint with oil
• Lutheran – On request clergy
anoint with oil
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Religious Care Consideration
• Assemblies of God–May seek divine
healing thought prayer and laying on of hands
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Religious Care Consideration
• Jehovah’s Witness–No blood
transfusions–Do not observe
national / religious holidays
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Religious Care Consideration
• 7th day Adventist–No caffeine, pork,
shell fish,–Many vegetarian–Sabbath is on
Saturday
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Religious Care Consideration
• Christian Science –Gen. do not seek
traditional medical treatment–Avoid immunizations
on religious grounds
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Cultural influences
• Technological• Religious &
philosophical• Kinship and social• Cultural values and life-
ways• Political and legal• Economic• Educational
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Homework
• Read–Key words–Learning objectives–Review questions
• Lecture notes
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Test
• Reading & lecture