lighting a green dorm taylor ellis bragg syed muhasin sayeed steven michael scardato gregory...
TRANSCRIPT
LIGHTING A GREEN DORM
Taylor Ellis BraggSyed Muhasin Sayeed
Steven Michael ScardatoGregory Ter-Zakhariants
Introduction
• The costs of wasting energy
• Our project, why we are doing it, and how we went about it
How much electricity does lighting use?
• Total Electricity: 10,656 kWh per year per household, 1.1 trillion kWh for the country for residential lighting
• 9.1 percent of electricity to lighting-110.6 billion kWh for the nation.
How much does this cost?• 8.3 cents per kWh• 9.2 billion dollars nationally for residential
lighting alone• One 60-watt light bulb on for an hour, is 0.06
kWh (60/1000) • One 20-watt light bulb on for an hour is 0.02
kWh• For Stanford university room, 2x60 watt
incandescent light-bulbs run for 3 hours a day + 4x20 watt ceiling fluorescent bulbs for 10 hours a day=.36+.8 kwH/day=423.4 kwH/year
• 423.4*.083=$35 per year• For entire freshman class, about $60,000
• Source: http://michaelbluejay.com/electricity/cost.html
Powering a 100 watt lightbulb, for a year:
• 740 lbs coal
• 5 lbs. SOx (source of acid rain)
• 5 lbs. NOx (source of acid rain, smog)
• 1,852 lbs. COx (greenhouse gas)• Source: http://science.howstuffworks.com/question481.htm
Our Project: An Overview
• Lighting: An easy way to address energy consumption
• Numerous approaches to the problem
• Our focus: Light, Power, Power Management, Light Direction
Lighting: A bright, efficient future
• Why LED's
• Current Technology
• Future Technology
Why LED's
• Benefits -– Life Span– Durability– Maintenance– Flexibility
What is an LED?
• A solid state light source that uses an electrical signal run across a semiconductor
Current Technology
• Very attractive options for certain situations– Traffic Lights– Car Lights
• Not yet feasible everyday light replacements– No market = high cost and low production
• There is a lot of research being conducted in LED technology because of its potential
Future Technology
• Most promising lighting technology
• Cost Reducing– 50% reduction on energy used
for lighting– 10% worldwide total energy
reduction
• Environmentally Friendly
Power: Plugging in to green energy• Sunny Day 1000 W/m2
• Photovoltaic (PV) module:
Solar Cells– Single crystal silicon– Polycrystalline silicon– Others
Source: http://science.howstuffworks.com/solar-cell7.htm
A: Glass Cover D: N-type Silicon
B: Antireflective coating
E: P-type Silicon
C: Contact Grid F: Back Contact
Storing the Energy
• Deep Cycle Batteries
• Utility Grid– Inverter: DC AC
• Expensive: $9 per Watt– prices expected to decrease in the future
Source: http://science.howstuffworks.com/solar-cell11.htm
Relevant Projects
• BJ’s Wholesale Club– 12K sq. ft., 1330 - 2x4ft. Panels, 52-kW
– Saved $1M, 12M kW-hr/yr
• Synergy House– 7.5 kW
– $77,816
– Saves 11,164 kW-hr/yr, $1,987/yr
Sources: http://www.energystar.gov/ia/business/retail/energy_management_csa.pdf
http://www.energystar.gov/ia/business/retail/energy_management_csa.pdf
Power Management: Switching it up…for the better!
• Cutting down on
unnecessary power
consumption• Three main lighted
areas in any dorm…• Dorm Room, Hallway,
and Lounge area.
Power Management – Dorm Room
•Keep manual light switches
•Possible Improvements
•“Dimmer” switches $20-30
•Power Management workshops
Source: http://www.homedepot.com/prel80/HDUS/EN_US/pg_index.jsp?CNTTYPE=NAVIGATION&CNTKEY=pg_index.jsp&m=1143053416553
Power Management – Hallway
•Hallways aren’t commonly used during certain hours of the day
•Timers $40-50
•Motion Sensors $20-60
Source: http://www.aegiswireless.com/web/pop_ups/motion_sensor.html
Power Management – Lounge
•During the day Plenty of natural light
•Big Windows
•“Photosensors” $40-60
Source:
http://pnpng.ebigchina.com/sdp/120337/4/pd-1088804/304115-546071.html
Lighting Direction: Putting Lighting in its place
• Individual Needs• If the dorm doesn’t meet
these with efficient lighting, students will be forced to meet them on their own
• Inefficient solutions
Three Choices:
• One overhead light
• Desk lamps
• All-included system
Our Solution: Include High Efficiency Desk Lamps
• Higher initial purchase costs
• Reduce student costs
• Decrease energy consumption
Conclusion: Lighting The Dorm of the Future
• Lighting
• Power
• Power Management
• Lighting Direction