lim tanhu v. ramolete [g.r. no. l-40098; august 29, 1975]

7/24/2019 Lim Tanhu v. Ramolete [G.R. No. L-40098; August 29, 1975]

1/48

SECOND DIVISION

[G.R. No. L-40098. August 29, 1975.]

ANTONIO LIM TANHU, DY OCHAY, ALFONSO LEONARDO NG SUA and CO

OYO , petitioners , vs. HON. JOSE R. RAMOLETE, as Presiding Judge, ran!" III, CFI, Ce#u and

TAN PUT , respondents .

Zosa, Zosa, Castillo, Alcudia & Koh o! "#t$t$o%#!s.

Fidel Manalo &%' Florido & Associates o! !#s"o%'#%ts.

SYNOPSIS

()&$%t$ su#' t*# s"ous#s L$+ &%*u &%' D O *& . L&t#!, s*# &+#%'#' t*# o+")&$%t to $% )u'# &s '# #%'&%ts L$+ # /

C*u&%, t*# s"ous#s A) o%so Ng Su& &%' Co O o, &%' t*#$! so% E%g C*o%g L#o%&!'o. C)&$+$%g to # t*# $'o o (o

C*u&%, & "&!t%#! $% t*# G)o! Co++#! $&) Co., ")&$%t$ *&!g#' t*# s$ '# #%'&%ts $t* *&3$%g o%s"$!#' $

+$s&""!o"!$&t$%g o! t*#$! o % #%# $ts t*# "!o $ts &%' &ss#ts o s&$' "&!t%#!s*$". I% & s$%g)# &%s #! $t* ou%t#! )&$

'# #%'&%ts '#%$#' ")&$%t$ s &))#g&t$o% &%' )&$+#' t*&t s*# &s o%) & o++o%-)& $ # o t*# '# #&s#' &%' t*&t s*#

*&' &)!#&' # # ut#' & u$t )&$+.

6o! &$)u!# to &""#&! o% t*# '&t# s#t o! "!#-t!$&), ot* t*# &%*u &%' t*# Ng Su& s"ous#s #!# &)) '# )&!#' $% '# &u)t &%'

t*#$! +ot$o% to )$ t t*# '# &u)t o!'#! o% t*# g!ou%' t*&t t*# #!# %ot %ot$ $#' &s '#%$#'. O% O to #! 19, 1974, *#%

")&$%t$ s $!st $t%#ss &s u" o! !#- !oss # &+$%&t$o%, s*# +o3#' to '!o" t*# &s# &g&$%st t*# %o%-'# &u)t#

'# #%'&%ts, %&+#) , L$+ # / C*u&%, &%' E%g C*o%g L#o%&!'o. *# +ot$o%, *$ * &s s#t o! *#&!$%g, '& s )&t#!, o!

o% O to #! 21, &s g!&%t#' t*# ou!t. S$+u)t&%#ous) , t*# Cou!t $% & s#"&!&t# o!'#! motu propio '#"ut$:#' t*# !&% *

)#!/ o ou!t to !# #$3# o% No3#+ #! 20, 1974 ")&$%t$ s ex parte #3$'#% # &g&$%st t*# '# &u)t#' '# #%'&%ts s$% # t*#

&s# &g&$%st t*# %o%-'# &u)t#' '# #%'&%ts *&' &)!#&' ##% '$s+$ss#'. ;ut t*# ex-parte !# #"t$o% & tu&)) too/ ")& # o%

O to #! 28, 1974, # &us# o% t*&t '&t# ")&$%t$ $t* *#! $t%#ss#s &""#&!#' $% ou!t &%' &s/#' to # &))o #' to "!#s#%t

*#! #3$'#% #, *$ * &s g!&%t#'.

*# %o%-'# &u)t#' '# #%'&%ts +ot$o% to !# o%s$'#! t*# '$s+$ss#' o!'#! &s '#%$#'. O% D# #+ #! 20, 1974, t*# Cou!t

!#%'#!#'


2/48

O% t*# ot*#! *&%', t*# '# &u)t#' '# #%'&%ts, # o!# t*# "#! # t$o% o t*#$! &""#&), $)#' t*# "!#s#%t "#t$t$o% $t* t*$s

Cou!t, t*#$! ou%s#) +&%$ #st$%g $% t*# ou!t #)o t*&t t*# *&' & &%'o%#' t*#$! +ot$o% to u&s*. =#% #, t*# t!$&) ou!t

'# )&!#' t*# +ot$o% to u&s* & &%'o%#' &%' t*&t t*# !#so)ut$o% o! # # ut$o% "#%'$%g &""#&) ou)' # !#so)3#' & t#!

t*# certiorari &%' "!o*$ $t$o% "#t$t$o% s*&)) *&3# ##% !#so)3#'.

*# Su"!#+# Cou!t *#)' t*&t t*# $+"ug%#' '# $s$o% $s )#g&)) &%o+&)ous, "!#'$ &t#' &s $t $s o% t o &t&) +&)& tu&t$o%s o

t*# !#s"o%'#%t ou!t, %&+#) > ?1@ t*# '$s+$ss&) o t*# o+")&$%t &g&$%st t*# %o%-'# &u)t#' '# #%'&%ts &%' ?2@ t*# ex

parte !# #"t$o% o #3$'#% # o t*# ")&$%t$ t*# C)#!/ o Cou!t, t*# su s# u#%t us$%g o t*# s&+# &s &s$s o! $ts


3/48

2. ID. BO ION O LI6 ORDER OR DE6A L F=EN 6ORBAL VERI6ICA ION NO RE IRED. F*#!# t*#

+ot$o% to )$ t o!'#! o '# &u)t, o-s$g%#' t*# "&!t &%' *#! ou%s#), $s o3#! t*# jurat o t*# %ot&! "u )$ # o!# *o+

s*# too/ *#! o&t*, $t $s #!!o! o! t*# t!$&) ou!t to *o)' t*&t t*# o&t* &""#&!$%g &t t*# otto+ o t*# +ot$o% $s %ot t*# o%#

o%t#+")&t#' t*# !u)#s ?S# . . Ru)# 18@, o! to *o)' t*&t $t $s %ot #3#% & 3#!$ $ &t$o% ?S# . H, Ru)# 7@. *# !u)#s, &s

$%t#!"!#t#' t*# Su"!#+# Cou!t, !# u$!# & s#"&!&t# & $'&3$t o +#!$t o%) $% t*os# $%st&% #s *#!# t*# +ot$o% $s %ot

o3#! t*# o&t* o t*# "&!t o% #!%#', o%s$'#!$%g t*&t *&t t*# $t#' "!o3$s$o% )$t#!&)) !# u$!#s $s %o +o!# t*&% & +ot$o%u%'#! o&t*. St&t#' ot*#! $s#, *#% & +ot$o% to )$ t &% o!'#! o '# &u)t o%t&$%s t*# !#&so% o! t*# &$)u!# to &%s #! &s #))

&s t*# & ts o%st$tut$%g t*# "!os"# t$3# '# #%s# o t*# '# #%'&%t &%' $t $s s o!% to s&$' '# #%'&%t, %#$t*#! & o!+&)

3#!$ $ &t$o% %o! & s#"&!&t# & $'&3$t o +#!$t $s %# #ss&! .

. ID. BO ION O LI6 ORDER O6 DE6A L , NO AN ADBISSION O6 SERVICE O6 S BBONS. It $s #!!o! o! t*#

t!$&) ou!t to *o)' t*&t & +ot$o% to )$ t & '# &u)t o!'#! $s &% &'+$ss$o% t*&t t*#!# $s & 3&)$' s#!3$ # o su++o%s &%' t*&t

s&$' +ot$o% ou)' %ot &+ou%t to & *&))#%g# &g&$%st t*#


4/48

)&$+ ?S# . 4, Ru)# 9 @. *us *#!# ")&$%t$ &))#g#' t*&t, #$%g t*# $'o o '# #&s#', s*# $s #%t$t)#' to '#+&%'

& ou%t$%g o &%' to !# #$3# t*# s*&!# o *#! &))#g#' *us &%' &s "&!t%#! o '# #%'&%ts &%' '# #%'&%t '#%$#' t*# t!ut* o

s&$' &))#g&t$o%s, +&$%t&$%$%g $% t*#$! ou%t#! )&$+ t*&t ")&$%t$ /%# o t*# &)s$t o s&$' &))#g&t$o%s #3#% # o

t*# o+")&$%t, s*# *&' &'+$tt#' $% & u$t )&$+ *#! o++o%-)& !#)&t$o%s*$" $t* '# #&s#' &%' t*&t s*# *&' &)!#&'

u$t )&$+#' *#! !$g*ts, *$ * u$t )&$+ &s, *o #3#!, # # ut#', & o!'$%g to !#s"o%'#%t *#!s#) $% *#! &+#%'#'

o+")&$%t, t*!oug* !&u', &%' t*&t *&3$%g $)#' t*# o+")&$%t /%o $%g t*&t t*# &))#g&t$o%s t*#!#o &!# &)s# &%' &s#)#sss*# *&s &us#' t*#+ to su #! '&+&g#s, $t &s *#)' t*&t $t* su * &))#g&t$o%s, '# #%'&%ts ou%t#! )&$+ $s o+"u)so! ,

%ot o%) # &us# t*# s&+# #3$'#% # to sust&$% $t $)) &)so !# ut# t*# &us# o! &us#s o & t$o% &))#g#' $% ")&$%t$

o+")&$%t, ut &)so # &us# !o+ $ts 3#! %&tu!#, $t $s o 3$ous t*&t t*# s&+# &%%ot !#+&$% "#%'$%g o! $%'#"#%'#%t

&'


5/48

10. ID. ID. ID. BIS OINDER OR NON- OINDER O6 (AR IES DRO((ING O6 (AR IES. Ru)# , S# . 11 'o#s %ot

o+"!#*#%' *$+s$ &) &%' $!!&t$o%&) '!o""$%g o! &''$%g o "&!t$#s $% & o+")&$%t. F*&t $t !#&)) o%t#+")&t#s $s

#!!o%#ous o! +$st&/#% %o%-


6/48

*$+ su * !#)$# &s t*# o+")&$%t &%' t*# & ts "!o3#% +& &!!&%t. *$s )&st )&$+ $s )&!$ $#' S# t$o% 5 *$ * s& s t*

&


7/48

# "!#ss$o% $% S# t$o% 1 o Ru)# 18 *$ * s& s t*&t t*#!#u"o% t*# ou!t s*&)) "!o ##' to !# #$3# t*# ")&$%t$ s #3$'#% #,

#t ., $s %ot to # t&/#% )$t#!&)) . *# g&$% $% t$+# &%' '$s"&t * s*ou)' t*# ou!t $++#'$&t#) t! t*# &s# o% t*# 3#! '& o

o! s*o!t) & t#! t*# '# )&!&t$o% o '# &u)t $s &! out #$g*#' t*# $% o%3#%$#% # &%' o+")$ &t$o%s $%3o)3#' $% *&3$%

u%'o #3#! t*$%g &)!#&' 'o%# $% t*# #3#%t t*# '# #%'&%t s*ou)'


8/48

'# #%'&%ts &%' t*# $%'$s"#%s& $)$t o &)) o t*#+ $% t*# "!o ##'$%gs 'o %ot "#!+$t &% "oss$ $)$t o &$3#! o t*# ")&$%t$

!$g*t o%) &s to o%# o! so+# o t*#+, $t*out $% )u'$%g &)) o t*#+, &%', so, &s & !u)#, $t*'!& +ust # '##+#' to #

o% #ss$o% o #&/%#ss &s to &)).

21. ID. ID. 6AIL RE O A((EAR A (RE- RIAL. F*#!# &)) '# #%'&%ts &)!#&'


9/48

u%'#! Ru)# 1 , S# . 9. Co%s# u#%t) , t*# ou!t *&' %o &ut*o!$t to & t o% t*# +ot$o% to '$s+$ss, $t*out t*# !# u$s$t#

t*!##-'& %ot$ #, "u!su&%t to S# . H, Ru)# 15, o! t*# Ru)#s o Cou!t )#&!) "!o3$'# t*&t %o +ot$o% s*&)) # & t#' u"o%

t*# Cou!t $t*out t*# "!oo o s#!3$ # o %ot$ # t*#!#o , tog#t*#! $t* & o" o t*# +ot$o% &%' ot*#! "&"#!s & o+"&% $%g

$t, to &)) "&!t$#s o% #!%#' &t )#&st t*!## '& s # o!# t*# *#&!$%g t*#!#o , st&t$%g t*# t$+# &%' ")& # o! t*# *#&!$%g o t*#

+ot$o% ?Ru)# 2H, S# t$o% 4, 5 &%' H, Ru)#s o Cou!t, No S# . 15, N# Ru)#s@. F*#% t*# +ot$o% 'o#s %ot o+") $t*

t*$s !# u$!#+#%t, $t $s %ot & +ot$o%. It "!#s#%ts %o u#st$o% *$ * t*# ou!t ou)' '# $'#. A%' t*# ou!t & u$!#s %o


10/48

28. ID. (AR IES (AR S=O LD NO ;E ALLOFED O ;ENE6I 6ROB =ER 6R S RA ED O; EC IVE O

SEC RE A ONE-SIDED DECISION. F*#!# &)) t*# +&)& tu&t$o%s o t*# t!$&) ou!t &!# t!& #& )# to t*# $%$t$&t$3# o t*#

")&$%t$ &%'Ko! *#! ou%s#), s*# &%%ot o+")&$% t*&t s*# $s #$%g +&'# to u%


11/48

. ID. ID. ID. CER I6ICA ION O6 ;IS=O( F=O DID NO ES I6 IS =EARSA . *# "u!"o!t#' #!t$ $ &t$o%

$ssu#' & $s*o" o t*# *u! * *#!# t*# &))#g#' +&!!$&g# too/ ")& # $s %ot o+"#t#%t #3$'#% #, $% t*# & s#% # o &

s*o $%g &s to t*# u%&3&$)& $)$t o t*# +&!!$&g# o%t!& t &%', &s to t*# &ut*#%t$ $t o t*# s$g%&tu!# o t*# s$g%&tu

s&$' #!t$ $#', t*# jurat &))#g#') s$g%#' & s# o%' &ss$st&%t "!o3$% $&) $s &) $s %ot &ut*o!$:#' )& , s$% # $t $s %ot "&

o t*# u% t$o%s o *$s o $ #. ;#s$'#s, $%&s+u * &s t*# $s*o" '$' %ot t#st$ , t*# s&+# $s *#&!s& .

4. ID. ID. ES IBON O6 ALLEGED FIDOF AS O BARRIAGE IS SEL6-SERVING EVIDENCE. *# t#st$+o% o

")&$%t$ to t*# # # t t*&t s*# &s +&!!$#' to t*# '# #&s#' $% & *u! * &s #)) &s t*&t o *#! $t%#ss, &))#g#') & ost#! so%

o '# #&s#' *o+ s*# *&' !#&!#' s$% # *$s $!t* &%' $t* *o+ s*# *&s ##% )$3$%g &!# ot* s#) -s#!3$%g &%' o 3#!

)$tt)# #3$'#%t$&! 3&)u#, $t *&3$%g ##% '$s )os#' &t t*# t!$&) t*&t ")&$%t$ *&' &)!#&' &ss$g%#' &)) *#! !$g*ts $% t*# &s#

s&$' $t%#ss, t*#!# +&/$%g t*# )&tt#! t*# !#&) "&!t $% $%t#!#st &%' t*#!# o!# %&tu!&)) &s $&s#' &s ")&$%t$ *#!s#

;#s$'#s, $t &""#&!s &'+$tt#' t*&t t*# $t%#ss &s )#ss t*&% #$g*t #&!s o)' &t t*# t$+# o t*# &))#g#' +&!!$&g#, t*us

+&/$%g $t # t!#+#) 'ou t u) $ *# ou)' *&3# ##% su $ $#%t) & &!# o su * #3#%t &s to # o+"#t#%t to t#st$ & out $t.

5. ID. ID. FEIG= AND S 66ICIENC O6 EVIDENCE. F*#!# &g&$%st t*# #3$'#% # o t*# ")&$%t$ o% #!%$%g *#!

+&!!$&g# to '# #&s#', o%s$st$%g o & #!t$ $ &t$o% t*# $s*o" o t*# *u! * *#!# t*# +&!!$&g# &))#g#') too/ ")& #

&%' *#! s#) -s#!3$%g t#st$+o% , t o 'o u+#%ts #) $%g t*# "!#t#%'#' +&!!$&g# #!# "!#s#%t#' %&+#) t*# $% o+# t&

!#tu!% o t*# '# #&s#' $%'$ &t$%g & "#!so% ot*#! t*&% ")&$%t$ &s *$s $ #, &%' t*# u$t )&$+ *#!#$% ")&$%t$ st&t#' t*&

*&' ##% )$3$%g $t* t*# '# #&s#' $t*out #%# $t o +&!!$&g# &%' t*&t s*# &s *$s o++o%-)& . $t &s *#)' t*&t t*#s#

t o 'o u+#%ts &!# &! +o!# !#)$& )# t*&% t*# #3$'#% # o ")&$%t$ "ut tog#t*#!.

H. ID. ID. ID. ADBISSION AGAINS IN ERES . F*#!# t*# # $st#% # o t*# u$t )&$+ ? o%t&$%$%g t*# &'+$ss$o%

")&$%t$ o *#! o++o%-)& !#)&t$o%s*$" o%) $t* t*# '# #&s#' &%' o *#! *&3$%g !#%ou% #' o! 3&)u& )# o%s$'#!&t$o

*&t#3#! )&$+ s*# +$g*t *&3# &g&$%st t*# '# #%'&%ts@, *&s ##% 'u) #st& )$s*#' &t t*# "!#-t!$&) $t*out &%

$! u+st&% #s to '#t!& t !o+ $ts )#g&) $+"o!t, t*# Cou!t s*ou)' *&3# *#)' t*&t ")&$%t$ &s ou%' *#! &'+$ss$o% t*#!#$%

t*&t s*# &s t*# o++o%-)& $ # o%) o '# #&s#', &%' *&t $s +o!#, t*&t s*# *&' &)!#&' !#%ou% #' *#! )&$+.

7. (AR NERS=I( RANS6ER O6 (AR NERS=I( (RO(ER A6 ER DISSOL ION O6 (AR NERS=I(. F*#!#

$t &""#&!s t*&t +ost o t*# "!o"#!t$#s su""os#' to *&3# ##% & u$!#' '# #%'&%ts $t* u%'s o t*# "&!t%#!s*$" &""#&!

to *&3# ##% t!&%s #!!#' $% t*#$! %&+#s )o%g & t#! t*# "&!t%#!s*$" *&' ##% &uto+&t$ &)) '$sso)3#' &s & !#su)t o t*#'#&t* o & "&!t%#!, '# #%'&%ts *&3# %o o )$g&t$o% to & ou%t to &% o%# o! su * & u$s$t$o%s $% t*# & s#% # o )#&!

t*&t t*# *&' 3$o)&t#' t*# t!ust o t*# '# #&s#' "&!t%#! 'u!$%g t*# # $st#% # o t*# "&!t%#!s*$".

8. ID. ;OO S O6 ACCO N S DGES NO GENERALL ALI6IED O READ S A EBEN S O6 ACCO N S

AND DRAF CONCL SION 6ROB =EB. It $s u%usu&) o! &


12/48

t*#


13/48

L#o%&!'o #!# $% )u'#' &s '# #%'&%ts. I% s&$' &+#%'#' o+")&$%t, !#s"o%'#%t &% &))#g#' t*&t s*# $s t*# $'o o ##

=oo% L$+ (o C*u&%, *o &s & "&!t%#! $% t*# o++#! $&) "&!t%#!s*$", G)o! Co++#! $&) Co+"&% . . . $t* A%to%$o L$+

&%*u &%' A) o%so Ng Su& t*&t '# #%'&%t A%to%$o L$+ &%*u, A) o%so L#o%&!'o Ng Su&, L$+ # / C*u&%, &%' E%

C*o%g L#o%&!'o, t*!oug* !&u' &%' +& *$%&t$o%, too/ & tu&) &%' & t$3# +&%&g#+#%t o t*# "&!t%#!s*$" &%' &)t*oug* ##

=oo% L$+ (o C*u&% &s t*# +&%&g#! o G)o! Co++#! $&) Co+"&% , '# #%'&%ts +&%&g#' to us# t*# u%'s o t*#

"&!t%#!s*$" to "u! *&s# )&%'s &%' u$)'$%gs $% t*# $t$#s o C# u, L&"u)&"u, B&%'&u#, &%' t*# +u%$ $"&)$t$#s o &)$s&&%' B$%g)&%$))&, so+# o *$ * #!# *$''#%, ut t*# '#s !$"t$o% o t*os# &)!#&' '$s o3#!#' #!# &s o))o s> ?)$st o

"!o"#!t$#s@ . . . &%' t*&t>

1 . ?A@ t#! t*# '#&t* o ## =oo% L$+ (o C*u&%, t*# '# #%'&%ts, $t*out )$ u$'&t$o%, o%t$%u#' t*#

us$%#ss o G)o! Co++#! $&) Co+"&% , "u!"o!t#') o!g&%$:$%g & o!"o!&t$o% /%o % &s t*# G)o!

Co++#! $&) Co+"&% , I% o!"o!&t#', $t* "&$' u" &"$t&) $% t*# su+ o (125,000.00, *$ * +o%# &%'

ot*#! &ss#ts o t*# s&$' G)o! Co++#! $&) Co+"&% , I% o!"o!&t#' &!# & tu&)) t*# &ss#ts o t*# '# u% t

G)o! Co++#! $&) Co+"&% "&!t%#!s*$", o *$ * t*# ")&$%t$ *&s & s*&!# # u$3&)#%t to o%# t*$!' ?1K @

t*#!#o

14. ?(@)&$%t$ , o% s#3#!&) o &s$o%s & t#! t*# '#&t* o *#! *us &%', *&s &s/#' '# #%'&%ts o t*#

& o3#-+#%t$o%#' "!o"#!t$#s &%' o! t*# )$ u$'&t$o% o t*# us$%#ss o t*# '# u% t "&!t%#!s*$", $% )u'$%g

$%3#st+#%ts o% !#&) #st&t# $% =o%g o%g, ut '# #%'&%ts /#"t o% "!o+$s$%g to )$ u$'&t# s&$' "!o"#!t$#s

&%'


14/48

"!o"#!t$#s o t*# G)o! Co++#! $&) Co+"&% , '# #%'&%ts !# us#' &%' st&t#' t*&t t*# ou)' %ot g$3#

t*# s*&!# o t*# ")&$%t$ . ?(". H- 7, R# o!'.@.

S*# "!& #' &s o))o s>

F=ERE6ORE, $t $s +ost !#s"# t u)) "!& #' t*&t


15/48

I% & s$%g)# &%s #! $t* ou%t#! )&$+, o3#! t*# s$g%&tu!# o t*#$! o++o% ou%s#), '# #%'&%ts '#%$#' s"# $ $ &)) %ot o%)

t*# &))#g&t$o% t*&t !#s"o%'#%t &% $s t*# $'o o ## =oo% # &us#, & o!'$%g to t*#+, *$s )#g$t$+&t# $ # &s A%g S$o/

$%, st$)) )$3$%g &%' $t* *o+ *# *&' ou! ?4@ )#g$t$+&t# *$)'!#%, & t $% o!% $% 1942, &%' t o ot*#!s o!% $% 1949 &%

19H5, &)) "!#s#%t) !#s$'$%g $% =o%g/o%g, ut &)so &)) t*# &))#g&t$o%s o !&u' &%' o%3#!s$o% uot#' & o3#, t*# t!ut*

#$%g, & o!'$%g to t*#+, t*&t "!o"#! )$ u$'&t$o% *&' ##% !#gu)&!) +&'# o t*# us$%#ss o t*# "&!t%#!s*$" &%' ## =oo%

us#' to !# #$3# *$s


16/48

5. *&t t*# '# #%'&%ts *&3# & u$!#' "!o"#!t$#s out o t*#$! o % "#!so%&) u%' &%'

#!t&$%) %ot !o+ t*# u%'s #)o%g$%g to t*# "&!t%#!s*$",


17/48

E. *&t & o )$t$g&t$o% # "#%s#s 'u!$%g t*# t$+# t*&t t*$s &s# $)) # # o!# t*$s

=o%o!& )# Cou!t &%' u%t$) t*# s&+# $)) # $%&)) t#!+$%&t#' &%' &'


18/48

E3$'#%t) $t*out #3#% 3#!$ $%g t*# %ot$ #s o s#!3$ #,


19/48

C# u C$t , (*$)$""$%#s, O to #! 28, 1974. ?(&g# 5 , R# o!'.@

"o% )#&!%$%g o t*#s# o!'#!s, o% O to #! 2 , 197 , t*# '# #%'&%t L$+ # / C*#%g, t*!u ou%s#), Att . S$to , $)#' &

+ot$o% o! !# o%s$'#!&t$o% t*#!#o , &%' o% No3#+ #! 1, 1974, '# #%'&%t E%g C*o%g L#o%&!'o, t*!u ou%s#) Att . A) u'$&,

$)#' &)so *$s o % +ot$o% o! !# o%s$'#!&t$o% &%' )&!$ $ &t$o% o t*# s&+# o!'#!s. *#s# +ot$o%s #!# '#%$#' $% &% o!'#!

'&t#' D# #+ #! H, 1974 ut !# #$3#' t*# +o3&%ts o%) o% D# #+ #! 2 , 1974. B#&% *$)#, !#s"o%'#%t ou!t

!#%'#!#' t*# $+"ug%#' '# $s$o% o% D# #+ #! 20, 1974. It 'o#s %ot &""#&! *#% t*# "&!t$#s #!# s#!3#' o"$#s o t*$s

'# $s$o%.

Su s# u#%t) , o% &%u&! H, 1975, &)) t*# '# #%'&%ts, t*!u ou%s#), $)#' & +ot$o% to u&s* t*# o!'#! o O to #! 28, 1974.

F$t*out &$t$%g *o #3#! o! t*# !#so)ut$o% t*#!#o , o% &%u&! 1 , 1974, L$+ # / C*u&% &%' E%g C*o%g L#o%&!'o #%t

to t*# Cou!t o A""#&)s $t* & "#t$t$o% o! certiorari s##/$%g t*# &%%u)+#%t o t*# & o3#-+#%t$o%#' o!'#!s o O to #! 21,

1974 &%' O to #! 28, 1974 &%' '# $s$o% o D# #+ #! 20, 1974. ; !#so)ut$o% o &%u&! 24, 1975, t*# Cou!t o A""#&)s

'$s+$ss#' s&$' "#t$t$o%, *o)'$%g t*&t $ts $)$%g &s "!#+&tu!#, o%s$'#!$%g t*&t t*# +ot$o% to u&s* t*# o!'#! o O to #! 28,

1974 &s st$)) u%!#so)3#' t*# t!$&) ou!t. *$s *o)'$%g &s !#$t#!&t#' $% t*# su s# u#%t !#so)ut$o% o 6# !u&! 5, 1975

'#% $%g t*# +ot$o% o! !# o%s$'#!&t$o% o t*# "!#3$ous '$s+$ss&).

O% t*# ot*#! *&%', o% &%u&! 20, 1975, t*# ot*#! '# #%'&%ts, "#t$t$o%#!s *#!#$%, $)#' t*#$! %ot$ # o &""#&), &""#&) o%'

&%' +ot$o% o! # t#%s$o% to $)# t*#$! !# o!' o% &""#&), *$ * &s g!&%t#', t*# # t#%s$o% to # "$!# & t#! $ t##% ?15@ '&

!o+ &%u&! 2H &%' 27, 1975, o! '# #%'&%ts L$+ &%*u &%' Ng Su&s, !#s"# t$3#) . ;ut o% 6# !u&! 7, 1975, # o!# t*#

"#! # t$o% o t*#$! &""#&), "#t$t$o%#!s $)#' t*# "!#s#%t "#t$t$o% $t* t*$s Cou!t. A%' $t* t*# #3$'#%t $%t#%t to +&/# t*#$!

"!o #'u!&) "os$t$o% )#&!, ou%s#) o! '# #%'&%ts, Att . B&%u#) Mos&, $)#' $t* !#s"o%'#%t ou!t & +&%$ #st&t$o% '&t#'

6# !u&! 14, 1975 st&t$%g t*&t *#% t*# %o%-'# &u)t#' '# #%'&%ts E%g C*o%g L#o%&!'o &%' L$+ # / C*u&% $)#' t*#$!

"#t$t$o% $% t*# Cou!t o A""#&)s, t*# $% # # t & &%'o%#' t*#$! +ot$o% to u&s* t*# o!'#! o O to #! 28, 1974, &%' t*&t

s$+$)&!) *#% A%to%$o L$+ &%*u, D O *& , A) o%so L#o%&!'o Ng Su& &%' Co O o, $)#' t*#$! "#t$t$o% o!certiorari &%

"!o*$ $t$o% . . . $% t*# Su"!#+# Cou!t, t*# )$/# $s# & &%'o%#' t*#$! +ot$o% to u&s*. *$s +&%$ #st&t$o% &s & t#' u"o%

!#s"o%'#%t ou!t tog#t*#! $t* ")&$%t$ s +ot$o% o! # # ut$o% "#%'$%g &""#&) $% $ts o!'#! o t*# s&+# '&t# 6# !u&! 14,

1975 t*$s $s#>

ORDER

F*#% t*#s# $% $'#%ts, t*# +ot$o% to u&s* t*# o!'#! o O to #! 28, 1974 &%' t*# +ot$o%

o! # # ut$o% "#%'$%g &""#&) #!# &))#' o! *#&!$%g to'& , ou%s#) o! t*# '# #%'&%ts-+o3&%ts

su +$tt#' t*#$! +&%$ #st&t$o% $%3$t$%g t*# &tt#%t$o% o t*$s Cou!t t*&t t*#$! $)$%g o! #!t$o!&!$ &%'

"!o*$ $t$o% $t* "!#)$+$%&! $%


20/48

IN VIEF =EREO6, t*# +ot$o% to u&s* $s o!'#!#' A;ANDONED. *# !#so)ut$o% o t*#

+ot$o% o! # # ut$o% "#%'$%g &""#&) s*&)) # !#so)3#' & t#! t*# "#t$t$o% o! #!t$o!&!$ &%'

"!o*$ $t$o% s*&)) *&3# ##% !#so)3#' t*# Su"!#+# Cou!t.

SO ORDERED.

C# u C$t , (*$)$""$%#s, 6# !u&! 14, 1975. ?(&g# 21H, R# o!'.@

"o% t*#s# "!#+$s#s, $t $s t*# "os$t$o% o "#t$t$o%#!s t*&t !#s"o%'#%t ou!t & t#' $))#g&)) , $% 3$o)&t$o% o t*# !u)#s o! $t*

g!&3# & us# o '$s !#t$o% $% & t$%g o% !#s"o%'#%t s +ot$o% to '$s+$ss o O to #! 18, 1974 $t*out "!#3$ous) &s #!t&$%$%g

*#t*#! o! %ot 'u# %ot$ # t*#!#o *&' ##% s#!3#' o% t*# &'3#!s# "&!t$#s, &s, $% & t, su * %ot$ # &s t$+#) s#!3#' o%

t*# %o%-'# &u)t#' '# #%'&%ts L$+ # / C*u&% &%' E%g C*o%g L#o%&!'o &%' %o %ot$ # &t &)) &s #3#! s#%t to t*# ot*#!

'# #%'&%ts, *#!#$% "#t$t$o%#!s, &%' +o!# so, $% & tu&)) o!'#!$%g t*# '$s+$ss&) o t*# &s# $ts o!'#! o O to #! 21, 1974

&%' &t t*# s&+# t$+# s#tt$%g t*# &s# o! u!t*#! *#&!$%g &s &g&$%st t*# '# &u)t#' '# #%'&%ts, *#!#$% "#t$t$o%#!s, & tu&))

*#&!$%g t*# s&+# ex-parte &%' t*#!#& t#! !#%'#!$%g t*# '# $s$o% o D# #+ #! 20, 1974 g!&%t$%g !#s"o%'#%t &% #3#%

!#)$# s %ot "!& #' o! $% t*# o+")&$%t. A o!'$%g to t*# "#t$t$o%#!s, to #g$% $t*, t*#!# &s o+"u)so! ou%t#! )&$+ $%

t*# o++o% &%s #! o t*# '# #%'&%ts t*# %&tu!# o *$ * $s su * t*&t $t &%%ot # '# $'#' $% &% $%'#"#%'#%t & t$o% &%'

&s to *$ * t*# &tt#%t$o% o !#s"o%'#%t ou!t &s 'u) &))#' $% t*# +ot$o%s o! !# o%s$'#!&t$o%. ;#s$'#s, &%' +o!#

$+"o!t&%t) , u%'#! S# t$o% 4 o Ru)# 18, !#s"o%'#%t ou!t *&' %o &ut*o!$t to '$3$'# t*# &s# # o!# $t '$s+$ss$%g t*#

s&+# &s &g&$%st t*# %o%-'# &u)t#' '# #%'&%ts &%' t*#!#& t#! "!o ##'$%g to *#&! $t ex-parte &%' su s# u#%t) !#%'#!$%g


21/48

t*#!#$% o t*# %o%-'# &u)t#' '# #%'&%ts L$+ # / C*u&% &%' E%g C*o%g L#o%&!'o. 6$%&)) , s*# &!gu#s t*&t $% &% #3#%t,

t*# #!!o!s &tt!$ ut#' to !#s"o%'#%t ou!t &!# #!!o!s o


22/48

o t*# "&!t o% #!%#', o%s$'#!$%g t*&t *&t t*# $t#' "!o3$s$o% )$t#!&)) !# u$!#s $s %o +o!# t*&% & +ot$o% u%'#! o&t*.

St&t#' ot*#! $s#, *#% & +ot$o% to )$ t &% o!'#! o '# &u)t o%t&$%s t*# !#&so%s o! t*# &$)u!# to &%s #! &s #)) &s t*#

& ts o%st$tut$%g t*# "!os"# t$3# '# #%s# o t*# '# #%'&%t &%' $t $s s o!% to s&$' '# #%'&%t, %#$t*#! & o!+&)

3#!$ $ &t$o% %o! & s#"&!&t# & $'&3$t o +#!$t $s %# #ss&! .

F*&t $s o!s#, t*# s&+# o!'#! u!t*#! *#)' t*&t t*# +ot$o% to )$ t t*# o!'#! o '# &u)t $s &% &'+$ss$o% t*&t t*#!# &s &

3&)$' s#!3$ # o su++o%s &%' t*&t s&$' +ot$o% ou)' %ot &+ou%t to & *&))#%g# &g&$%st t*#


23/48

1

*# $!st t*$%g t*&t *&s st!u / t*# Cou!t u"o% !#3$# $%g t*# !# o!' $s t*# s##+$%g &)& !$t $t* *$ * t*# +ot$o% to '$s+$ss

t*# &s# &g&$%st %o%-'# &u)t#' '# #%'&%ts L$+ # / C*u&% &%' E%g C*o%g L#o%&!'o &s '$s"os#' o , *$ * '# $%$t#)

oug*t %ot to *&3# ##% t*# &s#. *# t!$&) &s "!o ##'$%g $t* t*# t#st$+o% o t*# $!st $t%#ss o ")&$%t$ &%' *# &s st$))

u%'#! !#- !oss-# &+$%&t$o%. %'ou t#') , t*# +ot$o% to '$s+$ss &t t*&t st&g# &%' $% t*# )$g*t o t*# '# )&!&t$o% o '# &u)t

&g&$%st t*# !#st o t*# '# #%'&%ts &s & #)) &) u)&t#' su!"!$s# +o3#, o 3$ous) '#s$g%#' to s# u!# ut+ost &'3&%t&g# o

t*# s$tu&t$o%, !#g&!')#ss o $ts &""&!#%t u% &$!%#ss. o s& t*&t $t +ust *&3# ##% #%t$!#) u%# "# t#' &)) t*#

'# #%'&%ts, '# &u)t#' &%' %o%-'# &u)t#', $s +#!#) to !$g*t) &ssu+# t*&t t*# "&!t$#s $% &


24/48

& t#' &s *# '$'. St$)), t*# Cou!t &%%ot ut # "!#ss $ts 3#*#+#%t o%'#+%&t$o% o &%


25/48

*# "!o3$s$o% o t*# !u)#s


26/48

It $s t*# !u)# t*&t $t $s t*# & so)ut# "!#!og&t$3# o t*# ")&$%t$ to *oos#, t*# t*#o! u"o% *$ * *#

"!#'$ &t#s *$s !$g*t o & t$o%, o! t*# "&!t$#s *# '#s$!#s to su#, $t*out '$ t&t$o% o! $+"os$t$o% t*# ou!t

o! t*# &'3#!s# "&!t . I *# +&/#s & +$st&/# $% t*# *o$ # o *$s !$g*t o & t$o%, o! $% t*&t o t*# "&!t$#s

&g&$%st *o+ *# s##/s to #% o! # $t, t*&t $s *$s o % o% #!% &s *# &)o%# su #!s t*#!# !o+. *# ")&$%t$

&%%ot # o+"#))#' to *oos# *$s '# #%'&%ts. =# +& %ot, &t *$s o % # "#%s#, # o! #' to $+")#&'

&% o%# *o, u%'#! t*# &'3#!s# "&!t s t*#o! , $s to &%s #! o! '# #%'&%t s )$& $)$t . N#$t*#! +& t*#Cou!t o+"#) *$+ to u!%$s* t*# +#&%s *$ * '# #%'&%t +& &3o$' o! +$t$g&t# t*#$! )$& $)$t . ?V&%o

3s. A)o, 95 (*$). 495-49H.@

*$s #$%g t*# !u)# t*$s ou!t &%%ot o+"#) t*# ")&$%t$ to o%t$%u# "!os# ut$%g *#! &us# o & t$o%

&g&$%st t*# '# #%'&%ts-+o3&%ts $ $% t*# ou!s# o t*# t!$&) s*# #)$#3#s s*# &% #% o! # $t &g&$%st t*#

!#+&$%$%g '# #%'&%ts su


27/48

ou!t "&$' %o *##' &t &)) to t*# +&%'&t# t*&t su * '!o""$%g +ust # o% su * t#!+s &s &!#


28/48

2

Co+$%g %o to t*# +&tt#! $ts#) o '# &u)t, $t $s u$t# &""&!#%t t*&t t*# $+"ug%#' o!'#!s +ust *&3# "!o ##'#' !o+

$%&'# u&t# &""!#*#%s$o% o t*# u%'&+#%t&) "!# #"ts go3#!%$%g su * "!o #'u!# u%'#! t*# Ru)#s o Cou!t. It $s t$+#

$%'##' t*&t t*# o% #"t o t*$s "!o #'u!&) '#3$ # #!# u)) u%'#!stoo' t*# #% * &%' &!, $%st#&' o #$%g +#!#)

t&/#% o! g!&%t#' &s #$%g t*&t o & s$+")# # "#'$#%t o %ot &))o $%g t*# o #%'$%g "&!t to t&/# "&!t $% t*# "!o ##'$%gs, so

t*&t & t#! *$s &'3#!s&! s*&)) *&3# "!#s#%t#' *$s #3$'#% #, No s#!3$ # o

"&"#!s ot*#! t*&% su st&%t$&)) &+#%'#' ")#&'$%gs &%' $%&) o!'#!s o!


29/48

)& . *# #3$'#% # to su""o!t t*# ")&$%t$ s &us# $s, o ou!s#, "!#s#%t#' $% *$s & s#% #, ut t*# ou!t $s %ot su""os#' to

&'+$t t*&t *$ * $s &s$ &)) $% o+"#t#%t. A)t*oug* t*# '# #%'&%t ou)' %ot # $% & "os$t$o% to o


30/48

*us, $% &''$t$o% to t*# )$+$t&t$o% o S# t$o% 5 t*&t t*#


31/48

As & o3# st&t#', E+$)$& B&t&%gu$*&%, *#! ou%s#), &)so &s & +o3&%t $% t*# "#t$t$o% o! # # ut$o%

A%%# 1. D$' s*# *&3# & !$g*t to # su *, *&3$%g ##% '# )&!#' $% '# &u)t I% 6!o 3s. D# )& V#g&,

su"!&, $t#' &s &ut*o!$t $% V#)#: 3s. R&+&s, su"!&, t*# Su"!#+# Cou!t o t*# %$t#' St&t#s &'o"t#' &s

g!ou%' o! $ts o % '# $s$o% t*# o))o $%g !u)$%g o t*# N# o!/ Cou!t o E!!o!s $% C)&so% 3s. Bo!!$s, 10

o%s., 524>

It ou)' # u%!#&so%& )# to *o)' t*&t # &us# o%# '# #%'&%t *&' +&'# '# &u)t, t*# ")&$%t$ s*ou)'

*&3# & '# !## #3#% &g&$%st *$+, *#!# t*# ou!t $s s&t$s $#' !o+ t*# "!oo s o #!#' t*# ot*#!, t*&t $%

& t t*# ")&$%t$ $s %ot #%t$t)#' to & '# !##. ?21 L& , #'., H1.@

*# !#&so% $s s$+")#>


32/48

S# t$o% 7 o Ru)# 5 ou)' s##+ to & o!' & so)$' su""o!t to t*# & o3# o%s$'#!&t$o%s. It "!o3$'#s t*&t

*#% & o+")&$%t st&t#s & o++o% &us# o & t$o% &g&$%st s#3#!&) '# #%'&%ts, so+# o *o+ &%s #!,

&%' t*# ot*#!s +&/# '# &u)t, t*# ou!t s*&)) t! t*# &s# &g&$%st &)) u"o% t*# &%s #! t*us $)#' &%'

!#%'#!


33/48

St&t#' '$ #!#%t) , $% &)) $%st&% #s *#!# & o++o% &us# o & t$o% $s &))#g#' &g&$%st s#3#!&) '# #%'&%ts, so+# o *o+

&%s #! &%' t*# ot*#!s 'o %ot, t*# )&tt#! o! t*os# $% '# &u)t & u$!# & 3#st#' !$g*t %ot o%) to o % t*# '# #%s# $%t#!"os#' $%

t*# &%s #! o t*#$! o-'# #%'&%t o! o-'# #%'&%ts %ot $% '# &u)t ut &)so to # "# t & !#su)t o t*# )$t$g&t$o% tot&)) o++o%

$t* t*#+ $% /$%' &%' $% &+ou%t *#t*#! &3o!& )# o! u% &3o!& )#. *# su st&%t$3# u%$t o t*# ")&$%t$ s &us# &g&$

t*# '# #%'&%ts $s &!!$#' t*!oug* to $ts &'


34/48

%# #ss&! &% +o!# to # "!#s#%t, s$% # t*#$! !#s"# t$3# *$)'!#% L$+ &%' L#o%&!'o, $t* *o+ t*# *&3# o++o%

'# #%s#s, ou)' t&/# &!# o t*#$! '# #%s#s &s #)). A% t*$%g t*&t +$g*t *&3# *&' to # 'o%# t*#+ &t su * "!#-t!$&)

ou)' *&3# ##% 'o%# o! t*#+ t*#$! *$)'!#%, &t )#&st $%$t$&)) , s"# $&)) # &us# $% t*# )$g*t o t*# ")#&'$%gs # o!# t*#

ou!t, t*# "!os"# ts o & o+"!o+$s# +ust *&3# &""#&!#' to # !&t*#! !#+ot#. Su * &tt$tu'# o "#t$t$o%#!s $s %#$t*#!

u% o++o% %o! tot&)) u%


35/48

$! u+st&% #s, t*# o!+ o t*# +ot$o% *$ * t*# '# &u)t &s soug*t to # )$ t#' $s s# o%'&! &%' t*# !# u$!#+#%ts o

S# t$o% o Ru)# 18 %##' %ot # st!$ t) o+")$#' $t*, u%)$/# $% &s#s o '# &u)t o! &$)u!# to &%s #!. F# &% t*us *o)'

&s F# 'o *o)' o! t*# "u!"os#s o t*# !#3$3&) o t*#$! !$g*t to %ot$ # u%'#! S# t$o% 9 o Ru)# 1 7 t*&t "#t$t$o%#!s +ot$o% o!

!# o%s$'#!&t$o% &s $% su st&% # )#g&)) &'# u&t#, !#g&!')#ss o *#t*#! o! %ot $t &s u%'#! o&t*.

I% &% #3#%t, t*# '!o""$%g o t*# '# #%'&%ts L$+ &%' L#o%&!'o !o+ ")&$%t$ s &+#%'#' o+")&$%t &s 3$!tu&)) & s# o%

&+#%'+#%t o ")&$%t$ s o+")&$%t. A%' t*#!# &% # %o 'ou t t*&t su * &+#%'+#%t &s su st&%t$&), o! $t* t*#

#)$+$%&t$o% t*#!# o t o '# #%'&%ts &))#g#') so)$'&!$) )$& )# $t* t*#$! o-'# #%'&%ts, *#!#$% "#t$t$o%#!s, $t *&' t*#

# # t o $% !#&s$%g "!o"o!t$o%&)) *&t #& * o t*# !#+&$%$%g '# #%'&%ts, t*# s&$' "#t$t$o%#!s, ou)' *&3# to &%s #!


36/48

F*$)# g#%#!&)) t*#s# o ?1@ t*#!# &s %o t$+#) %ot$ # o t*# +ot$o% t*#!# o! to t*# %o%-'# &u)t#' '# #%'&%ts, &s$'#

!o+ t*#!# #$%g %o %ot$ # &t &)) to *#!#$% "#t$t$o%#!s ?2@ t*# o++o% &%s #! o t*# '# #%'&%ts, $% )u'$%g t*# %o

'# &u)t#', o%t&$%#' & o+"u)so! ou%t#! )&$+ $% &"& )# o #$%g '#t#!+$%#' $% &% $%'#"#%'#%t & t$o% &%' ? @

$++#'$&t# # # t o su * '$s+$ss&) &s t*# !#+o3&) o t*# t o %o%-'# &u)t#' '# #%'&%ts &s "&!t$#s, &%' $%&s+u * &s t*#

&!# ot* $%'$s"#%s& )# "&!t$#s $% t*# &s#, t*# ou!t o%s# u#%t) )ost t*# sine qua non o t*# # #! $s# o


37/48

It $s to # %ot#', *o #3#!, t*&t t*# & o3#-$%'$ &t#' t o u%'&+#%t&) )& s $% !#s"o%'#%t ou!t s & tu&t$o%s 'o %ot &)) o! &

o++o% o!!# t$3# !#+#' . F# &%%ot s$+") !u)# t*&t &)) t*# $+"ug%#' "!o ##'$%gs &!# %u)) &%' 3o$' &%' s*ou)' # s#t

&s$'#, $t*out #$%g & #' $t* t*# $%su!+ou%t& )# o st& )# t*&t so 'o$%g F# ou)' # !#3$# $%g t*# &s# &s &g&$%st

t*# t o %o%-'# &u)t#' '# #%'&%ts *o &!# %ot # o!# s %ot #$%g "&!t$#s *#!#to. "o% t*# ot*#! *&%', o! s to *o)' t*&t

t*# o!'#! o '$s+$ss&) s*ou)' # &))o #' to st&%', &s o%t#%'#' !#s"o%'#%ts t*#+s#)3#s *o $%s$st t*&t t*# s&+# $s

&)!#&' $%&), %ot o%) # &us# t*# "#!$o' o! $ts $%&)$t *&s )o%g "&ss#' ut &)so # &us# &))#g#') , &) #$t %ot 3#& u!&t#) , s&$' %o%-'# &u)t#' '# #%'&%ts u%su #ss u)) t!$#' to *&3# $t s#t &s$'# t*# Cou!t o A""#&)s *os# '# $s$o%

o% t*#$! "#t$t$o% $s &)so &)!#&' $%&), F# ou)' *&3# to '$s!#g&!' *&t#3#! #3$'#% # *&' ##% "!#s#%t#' t*# ")&$%t$

&g&$%st t*#+ &%', o ou!s#, t*# $%'$%gs o !#s"o%'#%t ou!t &s#' t*#!#o% *$ *, &s t*# &ss&$)#' '# $s$o% s*o s, &!#

&'3#!s# to t*#+. I% ot*#! o!'s, *$ *#3#! o t*# t o &""&!#%t !#+#'$#s t*# Cou!t *oos#s, $t ou)' %# #ss&!$) #%t&$)

so+# /$%' o "oss$ )#


38/48

$%# u$t $% t*# &"")$ &t$o% o t*# !u)#s o "!o #'u!#, "&!t$ u)&!) *#% t*# "!o"!$#t o !#)$&% # t*#!#o% $s %ot # o%

o%t!o3#!s .

2. *# t*#o!$#s o !#+#'$&) )& "u!su#' "!$3&t# !#s"o%'#%ts, &)t*oug* &""!o3#' =$s =o%o!, !u% ou%t#! to su *

&s$ "!$% $")#s $% t*# !u)#s o% '# &u)t &%' su * #)#+#%t&! !u)#s o% '$s+$ss&) o & t$o%s &%' %ot$ # o +ot$o%s t*&t %

t!$&) ou!t s*ou)' # u%& &!# o o! s*ou)' # +$st&/#% $% &"") $%g. F# &!# &t & )oss &s to * =$s =o%o! &$)#' to s##

t*!oug* ou%s#) s $%# u$tous st!&t#g , *#% t*# "!o3$s$o%s ?1@ o%, t*# t*!##-'& !u)# o% %ot$ # o +ot$o%s, S# t$o% 4 o

Ru)# 15, ?2@ &g&$%st '$s+$ss&) o & t$o%s o% +ot$o% o ")&$%t$ *#% t*#!# $s & o+"u)so! ou%t#! )&$+, S# t$o% 2, R

17, ? @ &g&$%st "#!+$tt$%g t*# & s#% # o $%'$s"#%s& )# "&!t$#s, S# t$o% 7, Ru)# , ?4@ o% s#!3$ # o "&"#!s u"o

'# #%'&%ts $% '# &u)t *#% t*#!# &!# su st&%t$&) &+#%'+#%ts to ")#&'$%gs, S# t$o% 9, Ru)# 1 , &%' ?5@ o% t*# u%$t &%'

$%t#g!$t o t*# &t# o '# #%'&%ts $% '# &u)t $t* t*os# %ot $% '# &u)t *#!# t*# &us# o & t$o% &g&$%st t*#+ &%' t*#$! o

'# #%s#s &!# o++o%, S# t$o% 4, Ru)# 18, &!# so ")&$% &%' t*#


39/48

*$ *, o%s$'#!$%g t*# su st&%t$&) 3&)u# o t*# su

*&t t*# *#!#$% ")&$%t$ &% (ut &%' *#! )&t# *us &%' (o C*u&% #!# +&!!$#' &t t*# (*$)$""$%#

I%'#"#%'#%t C*u! * o C# u C$t o% D# #+ #! 20, 1949 t*&t (o C*u&% '$#' o% B&! * 11, 19HH t*&t

t*# ")&$%t$ &%' t*# )&t# (o C*u&% #!# *$)')#ss ut t*# o!+#! *&s & ost#! so% A%to%$o Nu #: *o+

s*# *&s !#&!#' s$% # *$s $!t* $t* *o+ s*# )$3#s u" to t*# "!#s#%t t*&t "!$o! to t*# +&!!$&g# o t*#

")&$%t$ to (o C*u&% t*# )&tt#! &s &)!#&' +&%&g$%g t*# "&!t%#!s*$" G)o! Co++#! $&) Co. t*#%

#%g&g#' $% & )$tt)# us$%#ss $% *&!' &!# &t B&%&)$)$ St., C# u C$t t*&t "!$o! to &%'


40/48

C*u&% &s "!& t$ &)) t*# o %#! o t*# "&!t%#!s*$" *&3$%g t*# o%t!o))$%g $%t#!#st t*&t '# #%'&%ts L$+

&%*u &%' Ng Su& #!# "&!t%#!s $% %&+# ut t*# #!# +#!# #+")o ##s o (o C*u&% . . . . ?(". 89-

91, R# o!'.@

=o '$' =$s =o%o! &!!$3# &t t*#s# o% )us$o%s o st&!t $t*, $t $s %ot )#&! $% t*# '# $s$o% *#t*#! o! %ot $% +&/$%g $ts

$%'$%gs o & t t*# ou!t too/ $%to & ou%t t*# &))#g&t$o%s $% t*# ")#&'$%gs o t*# "&!t$#s &%' *&t#3#! +$g*t *&3

t!&%s"$!#' &t t*# "!#-t!$&). A)) t*&t F# &% g&t*#! $% t*$s !#s"# t $s t*&t !# #!#% #s &!# +&'# t*#!#$% to "!#-t!$&) # *$ $ts &%'

to A%%# A o t*# &%s #! o t*# '# #%'&%ts to ")&$%t$ s &+#%'#' o+")&$%t. I%'##', $t &s $% u+ #%t u"o% t*# ou!t to

o%s$'#! %ot o%) t*# #3$'#% # o!+&)) o #!#' &t t*# t!$&) ut &)so t*# &'+$ss$o%s, # "!#ss#' o! $+")$#', $% t*# ")#&'$%gs,

&s #)) &s *&t#3#! +$g*t *&3# ##% ")& #' # o!# $t o! !oug*t to $ts &tt#%t$o% 'u!$%g t*# "!#-t!$&). I% t*$s o%%# t$o%, $t $s

to # !#g!#tt#' t*&t %o%# o t*# "&!t$#s *&s t*oug*t $t "!o"#! to g$3# s &% $'#& o *&t too/ ")& # &t t*# "!#-t!$&) o t*#

"!#s#%t &s# &%' *&t &!# o%t&$%#' $% t*# "!#-t!$&) o!'#!, $ &% &s $ssu#' "u!su&%t to S# t$o% 4 o Ru)# 20.

*# u%'&+#%t&) "u!"os# o "!#-t!$&), &s$'# !o+ & o!'$%g t*# "&!t$#s #3#! o""o!tu%$t to o+"!o+$s# o! s#tt)# t*#$!

'$ #!#% #s, $s o! t*# ou!t to # &""!$s#' o t*# u%s#tt)#' $ssu#s #t ##% t*# "&!t$#s &%' o t*#$! !#s"# t$3# #3$'#% #

!#)&t$3# t*#!#to, to t*# #%' t*&t $t +& t&/# o!!#s"o%'$%g +#&su!#s t*&t ou)' & !#3$&t# t*# t!$&) &s +u * &s "oss$ )#

&%' t*#


41/48

&))#g#') s$g%#' & s# o%' &ss$st&%t "!o3$% $&) $s &) %ot #$%g &ut*o!$:#' )& , s$% # $t $s %ot "&!t o t*# u% t$o%

*$s o $ #. ;#s$'#s, $%&s+u * &s t*# $s*o" '$' %ot t#st$ , t*# s&+# $s *#&!s& .

As !#g&!'s t*# t#st$+o% o ")&$%t$ *#!s#) o% t*# s&+# "o$%t &%' t*&t o *#! $t%#ss A%to%$o Nu #:, t*#!# &% # %o

u#st$o% t*&t t*# &!# ot* s#) -s#!3$%g &%' o 3#! )$tt)# #3$'#%t$&! 3&)u#, $t *&3$%g ##% '$s )os#' &t t*# t!$&) t*&t ")&$%

*&s &)!#&' &ss$g%#' &)) *#! !$g*ts $% t*$s &s# to s&$' Nu #:, t*#!# +&/$%g *$+ t*# !#&) "&!t $% $%t#!#st *#!# &%',

t*#!# o!#, %&tu!&)) &s $&s#' &s *#!s#) . ;#s$'#s, $% t*# "o!t$o% o t*# t#st$+o% o Nu #: o"$#' $% A%%# C o

"#t$t$o%#! s +#+o!&%'u+, $t &""#&!s &'+$tt#' t*&t *# &s o!% o%) o% B&! * 25, 1942, *$ * +#&%s t*&t *# &s )#ss

t*&% #$g*t #&!s o)' &t t*# su""os#' t$+# o t*# &))#g#' +&!!$&g#. I o! t*$s !#&so% &)o%#, $t $s # t!#+#) 'ou t u) $ *#

ou)' *&3# ##% su $ $#%t) & &!# o su * #3#%t &s to # o+"#t#%t to t#st$ & out $t.

I% $'#%t&)) , &%ot*#! A%%# C o t*# s&+# +#+o!&%'u+ "u!"o!ts to # t*# #!t$ $ &t# o $!t* o o%# A%to%$o .

su""os#' to *&3# ##% o!% o% B&! * 2 , 19 7 &t C#%t!o B$s&+$s, B$s&+$s O $'#%t&), t*# so% o o%# ;$#%, &t*#!,

&%' &% (ut, +ot*#!. S$g%$ $ &%t) , !#s"o%'#%ts *&3# %ot +&'# &% &'3#!s# o++#%t o% t*$s 'o u+#%t. It $s +o!# )$/#) ,

t*#!# o!#, t*&t t*# $t%#ss $s !#&)) t*# so% o ")&$%t$ *#! *us &%' $+ ;#%g. ;ut s*# t#st$ $#' s*# &s *$)')#ss.

So *$ * $s *$ * I% &% #3#%t, $ o% t*# st!#%gt* o t*$s 'o u+#%t, Nu #: $s & tu&)) t*# )#g$t$+&t# so% o &% (ut &%'

%ot *#! &'o"t#' so%, *# ou)' *&3# ##% ut 1 #&!s o)' $% 1949, t*# #&! o *#! &))#g#' +&!!$&g# to (o C*u&%, &%'

#3#% t*#%, o%s$'#!$%g su * &g#, *$s t#st$+o% $% !#g&!' t*#!#to ou)' st$)) # sus"# t.

No , &s &g&$%st su * )$+s #3$'#% # o ")&$%t$ , t*# ou!t *&' # o!# $t, t o 'o u+#%ts o g!#&t #$g*t #) $%g t*#

"!#t#%'#' +&!!$&g#. F# !# #! to ?1@ E *$ $t LL, t*# $% o+# t& !#tu!% o t*# '# #&s#' ## =oo% L$+ (o C*u&% $%'$ &t$%g

t*&t t*# %&+# o *$s $ # &s A%g S$o/ $% &%' ?2@ t*# u$t )&$+, A%%# A o t*# &%s #!, *#!#$% ")&$%t$ &% (ut st

t*&t s*# *&' ##% )$3$%g $t* t*# '# #&s#' $t*out #%# $t o +&!!$&g# &%' t*&t s*# &s *$s o++o%-)& $ # . Su!#) ,

t*#s# t o 'o u+#%ts &!# &! +o!# !#)$& )# t*&% &)) t*# #3$'#% # o t*# ")&$%t$ "ut tog#t*#!.

O ou!s#, E *$ $t LL $s *&t +$g*t # t#!+#' &s "!#-t!$&) #3$'#% #. ;ut $t $s #3$'#% # o #!#' to t*#


42/48

t*&t s*# *&' &)!#&' !#%ou% #' o! 3&)u& )# o%s$'#!&t$o% *&t#3#! )&$+ s*# +$g*t *&3# !#)&t$3# to t*# "&!t%#!s*$" G)o!

Co++#! $&) Co.

A%' *#% $t $s o!%# $% +$%' t*&t $% &''$t$o% to &)) t*#s# o%s$'#!&t$o%s, t*#!# &!# +#%t$o%#' &%' '$s uss#' $% t*#

+#+o!&%'u+ o "#t$t$o%#!s ?1@ t*# #!t$ $ &t$o% o t*# Lo &) C$3$) R#g$st!&! o C# u C$t &%' ?2@ & s$+$)&! #!t$ $ &t$o%

A"osto)$ (!# # t o t*# (*$)$""$%# I%'#"#%'#%t C*u! *, (&!$s* o Sto. N$%o, C# u C$t , t*&t t*#$! !#s"# t$3# o $ $&) !# o!'s

o!!#s"o%'$%g to D# #+ #! 1949 to D# #+ #! 1950 'o %ot s*o &% +&!!$&g# #t ##% ## =oo% L$+ (o C*u&% &%'

&% (ut, %#$t*#! o *$ * #!t$ $ &t$o%s *&3# ##% $+"ug%#' !#s"o%'#%t u%t$) %o , $t st&%'s to !#&so% t*&t ")&$%t$

)&$+ o +&!!$&g# $s !#&)) u% ou%'#'. F$t*&), t*#!# $s st$)) &%ot*#! 'o u+#%t, &)so +#%t$o%#' &%' '$s uss#' $% t*# s&+#

+#+o!&%'u+ &%' u%$+"ug%#' !#s"o%'#%ts, & !$tt#% &g!##+#%t # # ut#' $% C*$%#s#, ut "u!"o!t#') t!&%s)&t#' $%to

E%g)$s* t*# C*$%#s# Co%su) o C# u, #t ##% &% (ut &%' ## =oo% L$+ (o C*u&% to t*# o))o $%g # # t>

CONS LA E O6 =E RE( ;LIC O6 C=INA

C# u C$t , (*$)$""$%#s

RANSLA ION

*$s $s to #!t$ t*&t I, B$ss &% $ E%g A)$&s &% (ut, *&3# )$3#' $t* B!. L$+ (o C*u&%

&)$&s ## =oo% s$% # 1949 ut $t !# #%t) o u!s t*&t # &!# $% o+"&t$ )# $t* #& * ot*#! &%' &!#

%ot $% t*# "os$t$o% to /##" )$3$%g tog#t*#! "#!+&%#%t) . F$t* t*# +utu&) o% u!!#% #, # '# $'#'

to t#!+$%&t# t*# # $st$%g !#)&t$o%s*$" o o++o% )& -+&!!$&g# &%' "!o+$s#' %ot to $%t#! #!# #& *

ot*#! s & &$!s !o+ %o o%. *# 6o!t *ous&%' (#sos ?(40,000.00@ *&s ##% g$3#% to +#

B!. L$+ (o C*u&% o! + su s$st#% #.

F$t%#ss#s>

B!. L$+ ;#%g Gu&%

B!. =u&%g S$%g S#

S$g%#' o% t*# 10 '& o t*# 7t* +o%t* o t*# 54t* #&! o t*# R#"u )$ o C*$%& ? o!!#s"o%'$%g to t*#

#&! 19H5@.

?SGD@ AN I ENG

V#!$ $#' !o+ t*# !# o!'s.

ORGE A;AR

?(". 28 -284, R# o!'.@


43/48

I%'##', %ot o%) 'o#s t*$s 'o u+#%t "!o3# t*&t ")&$%t$ s !#)&t$o% to t*# '# #&s#' &s t*&t o & o++o%-)& $ # ut

t*&t t*# *&' s#tt)#' t*#$! "!o"#!t $%t#!#sts $t* t*# "& +#%t to *#! o (40,000.

I% t*# )$g*t o &)) t*#s# $! u+st&% #s, F# $%' %o &)t#!%&t$3# ut to *o)' t*&t ")&$%t$ &% (ut s &))#g&t$o% t*&t s*# $s

$'o o ## =oo% L$+ (o C*u&% *&s %ot ##% s&t$s & to!$) #st& )$s*#' &%' t*&t, o% t*# o%t!&! , t*# #3$'#% # o% !# o!'

o%3$% $%g) s*o s t*&t *#! !#)&t$o% $t* s&$' '# #&s#' &s t*&t o & o++o%-)& $ # &%' u!t*#!+o!#, t*&t &)) *#!

)&$+s &g&$%st t*# o+"&% &%' $ts su!3$3$%g "&!t%#!s &s #)) &s t*os# &g&$%st t*# #st&t# o t*# '# #&s#' *&3# &)!#&'

##% s#tt)#' &%' "&$'. F# t&/#


44/48

$+"o!t us$%#ss &%' &)so #%g&g#' $% t*# *o)#s&)# &%' !#t&$) t!&'# o #+#%t &%' GI s*##ts &%' u%'#! ?s$ @ *ug# "!o $ts.

?"". 25-2H, A%%# L, "#t$t$o%.@

o #g$% $t*, t*$s t*#o! o *#! *&3$%g o%t!$ ut#' o (125,000 to t*# &"$t&) o t*# "&!t%#!s*$" !#&so% o *$ * t*#

us$%#ss )ou!$s*#' &%' &+&ss#' &)) t*# +$))$o%s !# #!!#' to $% t*# '# $s$o% *&s %ot ##% &))#g#' $% t*# o+")&$%t, &%'

$%&s+u * &s *&t &s #$%g !#%'#!#' &s &


45/48

*&3# g!o % $%to & +u)t$-+$))$o% #%t#!"!$s# &%' t*&t t*# "!o"#!t$#s '#s !$ #' $% t*# # *$ $ts #%u+#!&t#' $% t*# '# $s$o% &!#

%ot $% t*# %&+#s o (o C*u&%, *o &s C*$%#s#, ut o t*# '# #%'&%ts *o &!# 6$)$"$%os, 'o %ot %# #ss&!$) "!o3# t*&t

(o C*u&% *&' %ot gott#% *$s s*&!# o t*# "!o $ts o t*# us$%#ss o! t*&t t*# "!o"#!t$#s $% t*# %&+#s o t*# '# #%'&%ts

#!# oug*t $t* +o%# o t*# "&!t%#!s*$". I% t*$s o%%# t$o%, $t $s '# $s$3#) $+"o!t&%t to o%s$'#! t*&t o% t*# &s$s o t*#

o% o!'&%t &%' +utu&)) u+u)&t$3# t#st$+o%$#s o ")&$%t$ &%' Nu #:, !#s"o%'#%t ou!t ou%' 3#! # ")$ $t) t*&t, &%' F#

!#$t#!&t#>

*&t t*# )&t# (o C*u&% &s t*# o%# *o & t$3#) +&%&g#' t*# us$%#ss o t*# "&!t%#!s*$" G)o!

Co++#! $&) Co. *# &s t*# o%# *o +&'# t*# $%&) '# $s$o%s &%' &""!o3#' t*# &""o$%t+#%ts o %#

"#!so%%#) *o #!# t&/#% $% t*# "&!t%#!s*$" t*&t t*# )&t# (o C*u&% &%' '# #%'&%ts L$+ &%*u &%'

Ng Su& &!# !ot*#!s, t*# )&tt#! t o ?2@ #$%g t*# #)'#! !ot*#!s o t*# o!+#! t*&t '# #%'&%ts L$+ &%*u

&%' Ng Su& &!# ot* %&tu!&)$:#' 6$)$"$%o $t$:#%s *#!#&s t*# )&t# (o C*u&% u%t$) t*# t$+# o *$s '#&t*

&s & C*$%#s# $t$:#% t*&t t*# t*!## ? @ !ot*#!s #!# "&!t%#!s $% t*# G)o! Co++#! $&) Co. ut (o

C*u&% &s "!& t$ &)) t*# o %#! o t*# "&!t%#!s*$" *&3$%g t*# o%t!o))$%g $%t#!#st t*&t '# #%'&%ts L$+

&%*u &%' Ng Su& #!# "&!t%#!s $% %&+# ut t*# #!# +#!# #+")o ##s o (o C*u&% . . . . ?(". 90-

91, R# o!'.@

I (o C*u&% &s $% o%t!o) o t*# & &$!s &%' t*# !u%%$%g o t*# "&!t%#!s*$", *o ou)' t*# '# #%'&%ts *&3# '# !&u'#' *$+

o su * *ug# &+ou%ts &s ")&$%t$ *&' +&'# *$s =o%o! #)$#3# "o% t*# ot*#! *&%', s$% # (o C*u&% &s $% o%t!o) o

t*# & &$!s o t*# "&!t%#!s*$", t*# +o!# )og$ &) $% #!#% # $s t*&t $ '# #%'&%ts *&' o t&$%#' &% "o!t$o% o t*# u%'s o

"&!t%#!s*$" o! t*#+s#)3#s, $t +ust *&3# ##% $t* t*# /%o )#'g# &%' o%s#%t o (o C*u&%, o! *$ * !#&so% %o

& ou%t$%g ou)' # '#+&%'#' !o+ t*#+ t*#!# o!, o%s$'#!$%g t*&t A!t$ )# 1807 o t*# C$3$) Co'# !# #!s o%) to *&t $s

t&/#% & "&!t%#! $t*out t*# o%s#%t o t*# ot*#! "&!t%#! o! "&!t%#!s. I% $'#%t&)) &g&$%, t*$s t*#o! & out (o C*u&%

*&3$%g ##% & t$3#) +&%&g$%g t*# "&!t%#!s*$" u" to *$s '#&t* $s & su st&%t$&) '#3$&t$o% !o+ t*# &))#g&t$o% $%

&+#%'#' o+")&$%t to t*# # # t t*&t '# #%'&%ts A%to%$o L$+ &%*u, A) o%so L#o%&!'o Ng Su&, L$+ # / C*u&% &%' E%g

C*o%g L#o%&!'o, t*!oug* !&u' &%' +& *$%&t$o%, too/ & tu&) &%' & t$3# +&%&g#+#%t o t*# "&!t%#!s*$" &%' &)t*oug* ##

=oo% L$+ (o C*u&% &s t*# +&%&g#! o G)o! Co++#! $&) Co., '# #%'&%ts +&%&g#' to us# t*# u%'s o t*# "&!t%#!s*$"

to "u! *&s# )&%'s &%' u$)'$%gs #t . ?(&!. 4, ". 2 o &+#%'#' o+")&$%t, A%%# ; o "#t$t$o%@ &%' s*ou)' %ot *&3# ##%

"#!+$tt#' to # "!o3#% t*# *#&!$%g o $ #!, *o %&tu!&)) '$' %ot /%o &% #tt#!.

Bo!#o3#!, $t $s 3#! s$g%$ $ &%t t*&t & o!'$%g to t*# 3#! t& '# )&!&t$o%s &%' )&%' t$t)#s )$st#' $% t*# '# $s$o%, +ost $ %

&)) o t*# "!o"#!t$#s su""os#' to *&3# ##% & u$!#' t*# '# #%'&%ts L$+ &%*u &%' Ng Su& $t* u%'s o t*#

"&!t%#!s*$" &""#&! to *&3# ##% t!&%s #!!#' to t*#$! %&+#s o%) $% 19H9 o! )&t#!, t*&t $s, )o%g & t#! t*# "&!t%#!s*$" *&'

##% &uto+&t$ &)) '$sso)3#' &s & !#su)t o t*# '#&t* o (o C*u&%. A o!'$%g) , '# #%'&%ts *&3# %o o )$g&t$o% to & ou%t


46/48

to &% o%# o! su * & u$s$t$o%s $% t*# & s#% # o )#&! "!oo t*&t t*# *&' 3$o)&t#' t*# t!ust o (o C*u&% 'u!$%g t*#

# $st#% # o t*# "&!t%#!s*$". ?S## =&%)o% 3s. =&%ss#!+&% &%' ;#&+, 40 (*$). 79H.@

*#!# &!# ot*#! "&!t$ u)&!s *$ * s*ou)' *&3# &us#' =$s =o%o! to !#&'$) '$s #)$#3# ")&$%t$ s "!#t#%s$o%s. Nu #:

t#st$ $#' t*&t o! & out 18 #&!s *# &s $% *&!g# o t*# GI s*##ts &%' so+#t$+#s &tt#%'#' to t*# $+"o!t#' $t#+s o t*#

us$%#ss o G)o! Co++#! $&) Co. Cou%t$%g 18 #&!s & / !o+ 19H5 o! 19HH ou)' t&/# s to 1947 o! 1948. S$% #

& o!'$%g to E *$ $t LL, t*# &"t$s+&) #!t$ $ &t# "!o'u #' t*# s&+# $t%#ss &s *$s $!t* #!t$ $ &t#, s*o s *# &s o!%

$% B&! *, 1942, *o ou)' *# *&3# st&!t#' +&%&g$%g G)o! Co++#! $&) Co. $% 1949 *#% *# +ust *&3# ##% &!#) s$

o! s#3#% #&!s o)' It s*ou)' %ot *&3# #s &"#' =$s =o%o! s &tt#%t$o% t*&t t*# "*otog!&"*s s*o $%g t*# "!#+$s#s o

(*$)$""$%# B#t&) I%'ust!$#s & t#! $ts o!g&%$:&t$o% & #&! o! t o & t#! t*# #st& )$s*+#%t o C# u C&% 6& to! $% 1957

1958 +ust *&3# ##% t&/#% & t#! 1959. =o ou)' Nu #: *&3# ##% o%) 1 #&!s o)' t*#% &s )&$+#' *$+ to *&3#

##% *$s &g# $% t*os# "*otog!&"*s *#% & o!'$%g to *$s $!t* #!t$ $ &t# , *# &s o!% $% 1942 =$s =o%o! s*ou)' %ot

*&3# o3#!)oo/#' t*&t & o!'$%g to t*# s&+# $t%#ss, '# #%'&%t Ng Su& &s ) $%g $% ;&%t& &% u%t$) *# &s '$!# t#' to

!#tu!% to C# u & t#! t*# $s*$%g us$%#ss t*#!#&t )ou%'#!#', *#!#&s &)) t*&t t*# $t%#ss /%# & out '# #%'&%t L$+ # /

C*u&% s &!!$3&) !o+ =o%g/o%g &%' t*# # "#%'$tu!# o "&!t%#!s*$" +o%# o! *$+ #!# o%) to)' to *$+ &))#g#') (o

C*u&%, *$ * t#st$+o%$#s &!# 3#!$t& ) # u)"&to! &s to Ng Su& &%' *#&!s& &s to L$+ # / C*u&%. N#$t*#! s*ou)' =$s

=o%o! *&3# &$)#' to %ot# t*&t & o!'$%g to ")&$%t$ *#!s#) , L$+ &%*u &s #+")o #' *#! *us &%' &)t*oug* *# '$' %ot

go t*#!# &) & s #$%g & +#!# #+")o ## o G)o! Co++#! $&) Co. ?". 22, A%%# L, t*# '# $s$o%.@

*# '# $s$o% $s !&t*#! #+"*&t$ $% t*&t L$+ &%*u &%' Ng Su& *&' %o /%o % $% o+# # #"t t*#$! s&)&!$#s. A tu&)) , $t $s

%ot st&t#', *o #3#!, !o+ *&t #3$'#% # su * o% )us$o% &s '#!$3#' $% so &! &s Ng Su& $s o% #!%#'. O% t*# ot*#!

*&%', $t* !#s"# t to L$+ &%*u, t*# '# $s$o% $ts#) st&t#s t*&t & o!'$%g to E *$ $t NN-(!#-t!$&), $% t*# su""os#' $% o+#

t& !#tu!% o L$+ &%*u o! 19H4, *# *&' &% $% o+# o (4,800 &s s&)&! !o+ (*$)$""$%# B#t&) I%'ust!$#s &)o%# &%' *&' &

tot&) &ss#ss& )# %#t $% o+# o (2 ,920.77 t*&t #&! o! *$ * *# "&$' & t& o (4,H5H.00. ?". 14. A%%# L, $'.@ A%' "#!

E *$ $t GG-(!#-t!$&), $% t*# #&!, *# *&' & %#t $% o+# o ( 2,000 o! *$ * *# "&$' & t& o ( ,512.40. ?$'.@ As #&!) &s

19H2, *$s $s*$%g us$%#ss $% B&'!$'#


47/48

o+"&% o! 19HH, t*# 3&)u# o $%3#%to!$#' +#! *&%'$s#, ot* )o &) &%' $+"o!t#' , &s ou%' =$s =o%o!, &s

(584,0 4. 8. Ag&$%, &s o D# #+ #! 1, 19HH, t*# 3&)u# o t*# o+"&% s goo's &3&$)& )# o! s&)# &s (5,524,050.87,

"#! E *$ $t &%' -1-(!#-t!$&). *#%, "#! E *$ $t II- -(!#-t!$&), t*# su""os#' ;oo/ o A ou%t, *&t#3#! t*&t $s, o t*#

o+"&% s*o #' $ts &s* &%&) s$s &s (12,22 ,182.55. F# 'o %ot *#s$t&t# to +&/# t*# o s#!3&t$o% t*&t =$s =o%o!,

u%)#ss *# $s & #!t$ $#' "u )$ & ou%t&%t, &s *&!') u&)$ $#' to !#&' su * # *$ $ts &%' '!& &% '# $%$t# o% )us$o

t*#!# !o+, $t*out !$s/ o #!!$%g &%' o++$tt$%g &% $%


48/48

IN VIEF O6 ALL =E 6OREGOING, t*# "#t$t$o% $s g!&%t#'. A)) "!o ##'$%gs *#)' $% !#s"o%'#%t ou!t $% $ts C$3$) C&s# No.

12 28 su s# u#%t to t*# o!'#! o '$s+$ss&) o O to #! 21, 1974 &!# *#!# &%%u))#' &%' s#t &s$'#, "&!t$ u)&!) t*# ex-

parte "!o ##'$%gs &g&$%st "#t$t$o%#!s &%' t*# '# $s$o% o D# #+ #! 20, 1974. R#s"o%'#%t ou!t $s *#!# o!'#!#' to

#%t#! &% o!'#! # t#%'$%g t*# # # ts o $ts o!'#! o '$s+$ss&) o t*# & t$o% '&t#' O to #! 21, 1974 to *#!#$% "#t$t$o%#!s

A%to%$o L$+ &%*u, D O *& , A) o%so L#o%&!'o Ng Su& &%' Co O o. A%' !#s"o%'#%t ou!t $s *#!# "#!+&%#%t)

#%

lim tanhu v. ramolete [g.r. no. l-40098; august 29, 1975]

Documents