Copy this down for bell work•Lincoln’s 10% plan•Andrew Johnson•Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction•Black Codes•Freedman’s Bureau •Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the 14th Amendment•Election of 1866 (mid-term elections)•Reconstruction Act of 1867•Tenure of Office Act•Impeachment•15th Amendment

Origins of Reconstruction1863- Lincoln’s 10% Plan“Compassionate Reconstruction”- 10%

of 1860 voters pledge allegiance to the United States, hold state constitutions to draft a new government (Excludes high ranking confederate officials)

Plan does not die with LincolnAndrew Johnson will modify the plan,

but still tries to push for its implementation

Andrew Johnson (Democrat)Self made man residing from the state of Tennessee

True rags to riches story (educated by his wife, worked as a tailor)

Known for his rhetorical prowessOnly congressman to retain his seat after the

Confederacy leaves the UnionAppointed as military governor of Tennessee after

the state was secured by Union victoriesGiven the republican nominations as V.P in 1864

(may receive Southern support – paradox)Supports poor farmers (anti-plantation rich farmers)

Andrew JohnsonAfter Lincoln is assassinated, Johnson takes over as

President. Establishes his own generous reconstruction terms

Grants several pardons (upsets Rad. Rep.) Tells states to hold constitutional conventions:

creating governments that ended secession voided slaveryratified the 13th amendment stop payments of war debts

Conventions would then call for elections once these governments were established

Southern and Radical Republican reactionsMany areas enact the black codes

Established curfewsoppressive labor contractsvagrancy laws

Resort to violence to enforce the black codes and intimidate blacks (KKK)

Shocked by this, Radical Republicans and other Northerners attempt to help the freedmenEstablish the Freedman’s Bureau, designed to aid

blacks with education, food, and shelter.

Southern and Radical Republican reactionsTo take reconstruction a step further (the Rep.

completely disagreed with Johnson’s policy) the republicans establish the Civil Rights Act of 1866Designed to ensure rights for the Freedmen, the act

was vetoed by JohnsonCongress (for the FIRST time in history) overrides

the veto and passes the 14th Amendment to the Constitution Ensures due process and equal legal protection for all

citizens14th amendment would also try to override the

Presidential pardon by stating that only congress could allow Confederate officials to take office

Southern and Radical Republican reactionsWith the election of

1866, more Radical Republicans came to office as Blacks voted predominately for Republicans

With new power in Congress, Radical Republicans (Thaddeus Stevens, Charles Sumner etc.) pass more reconstruction acts

Southern and Radical Republican reactions: Reconstruction ActsEstablish marshal law in the South with Military

Reconstruction Act of 18675 military districts governed by Northern generals

Under this rule, all African Americans were permitted to vote for new state delegates to create constitutions (excluded ex-Confederates)Guaranteed that the 14th amendment would be

ratified

Southern and Radical Republican reactions: Reconstruction ActsTenure of Office Act: designed to regulate the

power of the presidentAny presidential appointee had to recieve support

from Congress (already established). But if the President wanted to remove an appointee he also needed Congressional support

Johnson tries to bypass this, and attempts to remvoe Sec. Of War Erwin Stanton (Rad. Rep.) Congress sights this as a violation of law and impeaches

Johnson (high crimes and misdemeanors)Johnson is impeached and is treid before a bias

Senate Not removed from office by one vote

Johnson remains president, but is virtually a lame duck as any attempts by him to regulate Congress is overriddenThat same year Ulysses S.

Grant is nominated for the presidency

Grant would win by a narrow margin largely due to the votes of several African Americans Realizing the power of the

Black vote, Congress passes the 15th amendment that would ensure that all races would have the right to vote. Also guaranteed several elections for Radical Republicans