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Linguistics & Neurosciences2nd class (16/10/2012)Neuroanatomy & neuromethodology
Esli Struys
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Components of the human brain
-Cerebrum–Cerebral cortex
–Limbic system
–Basal ganglia
-Cerebellum
-Brain stem
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Cerebral cortex
-2 hemispheres
-4 lobes
-gyri & sulci–Rolandic (or central) fissure
–Sylvian (or lateral) fissure
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Neuroanatomy
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Neuroanatomy
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Functional neuroanatomy
-Frontal lobes– Planning, decision-making, initiative, motor
functions
-Parietal lobes– Somatosensory perception
-Occipital lobes– Visual perception
-Temporal lobes– Auditory perception
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Functional neuroanatomy
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Functional neuroanatomy
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Neurophysiology
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Neurophysiology
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Neuromethodology
In the past:
-autopsy of brains for lesion analysis
-WADA test
-cerebral angiography
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Neuromethodology
CT
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Neuromethodology
MRI
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Neuromethodology
-Advantages of CT compared to MRI
– Faster, less expensive, less psychologically intimidating, less motion artifacts
– Best suited for hard tissue (bone, teeth, …)
-Advantages of MRI compared to CT
– No ionizing radiation (rf pulse)
– Images can be taken in any plane
– Best suited for soft tissue
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Neuromethodology
fMRI
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Neuromethodology
ERP
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Neuromethodology
EEG
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Neuromethodology
PET
SPECT
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Neuromethodology
Advantages of fMRI–noninvasive
–high spatial resolution (answering WHERE?)
–all brain areas covered
–widely used
–compelling images
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Neuromethodology
Disadvantages–Poor temporal resolution (WHEN?)
–Indirect measure
–Correlation does not imply causality
–Need for rigorous statistical analyses
–Intervening variables