References

Note For authors who have published more than one paper In a smgle year these are dlstmgUlshed by lower-case letters after the date However, these may not form a complete sequence, as not all an author's papers published In a year may have been cited In the text In order to faCilitate cross-reference to other published bibliogra­phies, espeCially that of Borgmeler (1968b), I have refraIned from re-Iettenng these Incomplete listIngs

Akre RD, Rettenmeyer CW (1968) TraIl-followmg by guests of army ants (Hymenoptera FormlCldae ECitomm) Journal of the Kansas EntomologIcal SOCIety 41, 165-74

AldnchJM (1892) New speCies of Phora CanadIan EntomologIst 24,142-6 Alford DV (1975) Bumblebees London Davis-Poynter Altmuller R (1976) Okoenergetlsche Untersuchungen an DlpterenpopulatIonen 1m

Buchenwald (Luzulo-Fagetum) Verhandlungen der Gesellschafi for Okologle (Gottrngen) 5, 133-8

Altmuller R (1979) Untersuchungen uber den Energleumsatz von Dlpterenpopu­latIonen 1m Buchenwald (Luzulo-Fagetum) Pedoblologla 19, 245-78

Amerlmg C (1862) N och etwas uber die Schmarotzer der Blenen Lotos 12, 239-40

Annandale N (1912) DescnptIon of a mlCropterous fly of the family Phondae associated with ants Spolra Zeylanrca, Colombo 8, 85-9

ArauJo RL (1977) Catdlogo dos Isoptera do Nuovo Mundo RIO de Janeiro Academia Brasllelra de ClenCias

Ardo P (1953) Llkflugan, Conrcera tlblalrs, I Svenge (Dlpt, Phondae) Opuscula Entomologlca 18,33-6

Armstrong EA (1953) Nldlcoles and paraSItes of the wren IYlsh Naturalrsts' Journal 1, 57-64

Ashraf M, Berryman AA (1969) BIOlogy of Scolytus ventralrs (Coleoptera Scolyttdae) attackIng Ab,es grandls In Northern Idaho Melanderra 2, 1-23

Assmuss E (1860) Muthmassliche Entstehungwelse der Faulbrut B,enen-zertung, EIchstaedt 16, 11-12

Assmuss E (1865) DIe Paraslten der Honrgblene und dIe durch dleselben bedrngten Krankherten dleses Insects Berlin

AssmuthJ (1913) Termltoxenra assmuthl Wasm , Anatomlsch- hlstologlsche Untersu­chung Nova Acta Academtae Caesarea Leopoldrno-Carolrnae Germanrcum Naturae CUYlosorum 98, 191-316

Aston A (1957) The Dlptera of Suffolk Family XXVI Phondae Hump-backed files TransactIOns of the Suffolk Naturaltsts' SocIety 10, 223-7

Austen EE (1910) Some Dipterous msects which cause mYIasIs m man TransactIons of the SocIety of TropIcal MedlClne and HygIene 3,215-42

REFERENCES

Austm MO, PItcher RS (1936) A laboratory method for reanng Sctara and phond flies Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 72, 12-15

Auten M (1925) Insects assoCIated wIth spIder nests Annals of the Entomological SOCIety of Amenca 18,240-50

Autuon M (1928) Syneura Infrapostfa Borgm -SchmItz, urn novo paraslta de Icerya purchasl Mask Archlvos do Instltuto btologico Sao Paulo 1, 193-200

Ax P (1987) The Phylogenetic System ChIchester WIley Azevedo e SIlva F, Serrao NogueIra CD (1965) Notas sobre a entomofauna fiorestal

Portuguesa-Llsbon ArchlVos do Museu Bocage 1, 57-66 BachlI G (1969) Beltng zur KenntnIs der Uberwmterungsstatten von Insekten 1m

Wald Vlerteljahrsschnft der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft In Zunch 114, 455-60 BachlI G (1970) Oer Waldboden als Entwlcklungssubstrat von Dlpteren Vler­

teljahrsschnft der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft In Zunch 115, 255-9 Baer JG (1953) Notes de faunIstIque eburneene III ContnbutIon a I' etude morpholo­

glque et blOloglque de Wandolleckta achatlnae Cook, Phonde (Dlptera) commen­sal d' Achatmes de la foret troplcale Acta Troplca, Basel 10, 73-9

Bahrmann R (1984) Die Z welfiugler der Kraut- und Strauchschlcht des Leutratals bel Jena (Thurmgen) - em okofaunIstIscher Verglelch Zoologlsche Jahrbucher Abtetlungfur Systematlk 111, 175-217

Bahrmann R (1987) Untersuchungen der Dlpterenfauna m natur- und mdustnenahen RasenblOtopen Thunngens (DDR) mlttels Bodenfallen (Dlptera Brachycera) Deutsche entomologlsche Zettschnft 34, 85-106

Baker EW, Wharton GW (1952) An IntroductIOn to Acarology New York MacmIllan Baker GH (1985) Parasites of the millIpede Ommatolulus moreletll (Lucas) (Dlplopoda

IulIdae) m Portugal, and their potential as bIOlogical control agents m AustralIa AustrallanJournal of Zoology 33, 23-32

Baker R, Parton AH, Rao, VB, Rao VJ (1982) The IsolatIon, IdentificatIon and synthesIs of3,6-dlmethylheptan-2, 4-dlone, a pheromone of the mushroom fiy, Megaselta halterata (Olptera Phondae) Tetrahedron Letters 23(30),3103-4

BaldufWV (1928) Notes on the habits of Aphlochaeta aletlae Ohio Journal of SCience 28, 237-45

Banks N (1911) A cunous habit of one of our phond files Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 13, 212-14

Barber HS (1931) Traps for cave-mhabltlng msects Journal of the Elisha Mttchell SCientific Society 1931, 259-66

Barnes JK (1990a) LIfe history of Dohrmphora cornuta (BIgot) (Dlptera Phondae), a filth-mhabltlng humpbacked fiy Journal of the New York Entomological Society 98, 474-83

Barnes JK (1990b) First record of genus Phymatopterella m the NearctIc RegIOn and descnptlon of P ovatlmacula, a new humpbacked fiy from Flonda (Dlptera Phondae) Flonda Entomologist 73, 644-9

Barnes JK (1990c) BIOlogy and Immature stages of SClomyza vana (Dlptera SClomyzldae), a speCIalIsed parasltOid of snaIls Annals of the Entomological SOCIety of Amenca 83, 925-38

Barnes JK (1991a) Addltlons to the phond fauna (Dlptera Phondae) of North Amenca north of MexIco Flonda Entomologist 74,305-10

Barnes JK (1991 b) Taxonomic status of the NeartIc speCIes of Auxanommatldta Borgmeler (Olptera Phondae) Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Wash Ing­ton 93, 930-2

Bates M (1950) The Nature of Natural History New York Scnbner (Repnnted 1990, Pnnceton UnIversity Press, New Jersey)

Batra SWT (1965) Orgamsms assOCiated With Lastogiossum zephyrum (Hymenoptera HalIctidae) Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 38, 367-89

390

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Batra SWT, Schuster ]C (1977) Nests of Centm, Melrssodes, and Colletes m Guatemala (Hymenoptera ApOldea) Btotroplca 9, 135-8

Baumann E (1976a) Llteraturnachtrag zu Borgmeler's 'Catalogue of the Phondae of the world' (1968) und 'Supplement' (1971) (Dlptera Phondae) Studw Entomo­loglca, Petropolrs 19, 375-407

Baumann E (1976b) Rennfhegen aus den Rhemauenwalden des Naturschutz­gebletes, Hordter Rhemaue I Phormae (Dlptera, Phondae) Mltte,zungen der Pollrchw des PfolzlSchen Verems for Naturkunde und Naturschutz 64, 188-93

Baumann E (1977a) Buckelfhegen aus Llchtfangen 1m Naturpark Hoher Vogelsberg (Dlptera Phondae) EntomologlSChe ZeltschnJt 87, 27-33

Baumann E (1977b) Untersuchungen uber die Dlpterenfauna subterraner Gang­systeme und Nester von Wuhlmausen (M,crotus, Chlethnonomys) auf Wiesen der montanen RegIOn 1m Naturpark Hoher Vogelsberg Zoologlsches Jahrbucher, Abte,zung for Systematlk 104, 368-414

Baumann E (1978a) Rennfhegen (Dlptera Phondae) als Blutenbesucher Kntlsche Sichtung der Llteratur Flora, Jena 167, 301-14

Baumann E (1978b) Phormae (Phondae/Dlptera Rennfhegen) als Blutenbesucher auf Doldengewachsen (Umbelhferae) Plant SystematIcs and EvolutIOn 130, 43-52

Baumann E (1979) Rennfhegen aus den Auenwalden des Natursschutzgebletes 'Hordter Rhemaue' II Die Gattung Gymnophora mit Anmerkungen zur Syste­matlk und Blologle (Dlptera Phondae) Mltte,zungen der Polhchw des PfolzlSChen Verems for Naturkunde und Naturschutz 64, 184-93

Beaver RA (1972) Ecological studies on Dlptera breedmg m dead snails 1 BIOlogy of the speCIes found m Cepaea nemoralrs (L) EntomologIst 105, 41-52

Beaver RA (1979) BIOlogical studies of the fauna of pitcher plants (Nepenthes) m West Malaysia Annales de la SOCIete Entomologlque de France 15, 3-17

Beaver RA (1983) The communWes hvmg m Nepenthes pitcher plants fauna and food webs In Frank,] Hand Loumbos, L P (eds), Phytotelmata Terrestnal Plants as Hosts Jor AquatIC Insect CommunitIes Medford, USA Plexus Pubhshmg Inc, 129-59

Beaver RA (1987) BIOlogical studies of non-muscOld fhes (Dlptera) bred from mollusc carrIOn m Southeast ASia JapaneseJournal of Sanitary Zoology 38,187-95

Beavers ]B, McGovern TP, Beroza M, Sutton RA (1972) Synthetic attractants for some Dlptera species Journal of EconomIc Entomology 65, 1740--1

Becker T (1901) Die Phonden Abhandlungen der zoologlsch-botanlschen Gesellschafi m W,en 1, 1-100

Benner DB (1985) Oocyte development and fecundity m Megaselra scalam (Phondae Dlptera) InternatIOnal Journal of Entomology 27, 280--8

Benner DB (1991) The mechamsm of sperm transfer m Megaselw scalans (Dlptera Phondae) Glornale Italrano dl Entomologw 5, 351-8

Benner DB, CurtiS SK (1988) Internal reproductive organs of the female humpbacked fly Megaselw scalans Loew (Dlptera Phondae) InternatIOnal Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 17, 197-205

Benner DB, Ostermeyer EC (1980) Some observatIOns on the hfe history of the fly Megaselw scalam Loew (Phondae) with speCIal reference to the ecloslon pattern Journal of the Tennessee Academy of SCIences 55, 103-5

Bequaert]C (1926) Medical Report of the HamIlton Rice Seventh ExpedItIOn to the Amazon, m ConjUnctIon With the Department of Tropical Medlcme of Harvard Umverslty XVIII A Dipterous parasite of a snaIl from BraZIl, with an account of the arthropod enemies of mollusks Contributions .from the Harvard InstItute Jor TropIcal BIOlogy and Medlcme 4, 292-303

Berland L (1933) Sur Ie parasltlsme des Phondes (Dlpteres) Bulletm de la Societe Zoologlque de France 57, 529-30 (1932)

391

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Berry P A, Parker HL (1949) InvestIgatIons on a South Amencan Epllachna sp and the ImportatIOn of Its parasIte Lydtnolydella metallica Tns mto the Umted States (Coleoptera Coccmelhdae, Dlptera Larvaevondae) Proceedtngs of the Entomo­logical SOCIety ofWashtngton 51,93-103

Beyer E (1958a) DIe ersten Phonden von Burma (Dlpt Phor) CommentatlOnes BlOloglcae, Helstngfors 18, 3-72

Beyer EM (1958b) Drel neue Phonden ausJapan und Fmnland Notulae Entomologlcae 38,104-8

Beyer E (1959a) Neue Phonden aus TanganYIka Stuttgarter Beltrage zur Naturkunde aus dem Staatllchen Museumfor Naturkunde tn Stuttgart 21,1-11

Beyer E (1959d) Neue Phondengattungen und -Arten aus Angola (Phondae, Dlptera) Publlcacoes Culturals da Companhta de Dlamantes de Angola (Museu do Dundo Estudos Dlversos XVII) 45,53-76

Beyer E (1959f) Zur naheren Kenntms elmger als AphlOchaeta beschnebenen palaotroplschen Phonden (Dlptera) Brotena 28, 105-8

Beyer EM (1959g) Dlptera (Cyclorrhapha) Phondae) South African Antmal Life 6, 376--89

Beyer EM (1959h) Gattung Pencyclocera SchmItz m Ostaslen Entomologlsche Zeltsch­nfi, Stuttgart 69, 167-9

Beyer EM (1960a) XXX Dlptera Phondae MIssIon zoologlque de I'I R SAC en Afnque onentale (1957) Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Beige, Tervuren, SCIences Zoologlques 81, 412-32

Beyer EM (1960b) Neue und wemg bekannte Phonden aus Suedafrutka Journal of the Entomological SOCIety of Southern Africa 23, 390--402

Beyer EM (1960e) Wemg bekannte Phonden aus O~t- und Sued-afnka Stuttgarter Beltrage zur Naturkunde aus dem Staatllchen Museum for Naturkunde tn Stuttgart 35, 1-2

Beyer EM (1961) Eme neue Phondengattung aus Neu-Gumea Nova Gutnea, Zoology 11,215-17

Beyer EM (1963) DIe erste Auxanommatldla aus Nordamenka Entomologlsche Zeltschnfi Frankfort a M 73,141-3

Beyer EM (1965b) Phondae (Dlptera Brachycera) ExploratIOn du Parc NatIOnal Albert, MIssIOn G F De Witte (1933-1935) 99,1-211

Beyer EM (1965c) Ueber neue und wemg bekannte termltophile Phonden aus Suedafnka Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 27,181-7

Beyer EM (1966) Neue und wemg bekannte Phonden, zumelst aus dem BIshop Museum, Honolulu Pactfic Insects 8,165-217

Beyer EM (1967) Dlptera Phondae Insects of Micronesia 13, 329-60 Beyer E, SchmItz H (1957) Eme neue Metoptna (Phondae, Dlptera) aus dem

Rhemland Dechentana 109, 213-17 BIegel W (1953) Zur BlOlogle und Okologle sozlaler Waspen Sttzungsbenchte der

physlkallSCh-medlztnlschen Sozletat zu Erlangen 76, 115-53 BIery TL, Clegern RW, Hart WW (1978) Two cases of phond (Dlptera Phondae)

mYIasIs m Texas Journal of Medical Entomology 15, 122-3 BlgotJMF (1890) New specIes ofIndlan Dlptera Indtan Museum Notes 1,191-5 Bm F (1972) Rttrovamento Dell'Osplte E DecnzlOne del Maschlo dl Basalys heltctcola

(Kleff) (Hymenoptera, ProctotrupOldea, Dlaprndae) Entomologlca, Placenza 8, 35-44

Bmns ES (1978) The Worthmg phond - a 25-year hIstory The Mushroom Journal 66, 1-7

Bmns ES (1979) Scutacarus baculttarsus Mahunka (A canna Scutacandae) phoretlc on the mushroom phond fly Megasella halterata (Wood) Acarologta 21, 91-107

Bmns ES (1980) Matmg behavIOur, fecundIty and feedmg m the mushroom

392

REFERENCES

phond, Megaselw halterata (Wood) (Dlpt) EntomologIst's Monthly Magazine 116,45-57

Binns ES (1981) Physogastry In Scutacarus baculttarsus Mahunka (Acanna, Scutaca­ndae) EntomologIst's Monthly Magazine 116, 157-9 (1980)

Binns ES, Gurney B, Wyatt IJ, White PF (1979) Populations of the phond fly Megaselta halterata on an expenmental mushroom umt over four years Annals of ApplIed BIOlogy 92, 159-71

Blackman MW, Stage HH (1924) On the succesSIOn of Insects hVlng m the bark and wood of dymg, dead and decaying hIckory Techntcal PublIcatIOn No 17 of the New York State College for Forestry 24(22), 3-35

BlaIr KG (1922) Notes on the life hIstory of Rhlzophagus paralIelocollls Gyll (OJI) EntomologIst's Monthly Magazine 58,80-3

Blanchard EE (1937) Dlpteros Argentmos nuevos 0 poco conocldos Revlsta de la Socledad Entomologtca Argentina 9, 35-58

Bhckle RL (1964) Horsemeat as food for reanng Dlptera (Phondae and Tabamdae) Flonda EntomologIst 47, 29-30

Bohart GE (1947) The phond flies of Guam Proceedings of the Untted States NatIOnal Museum 96, 397-416

Bohart GE, GressmJL (1951) Fllth-mhabltlng flIes of Guam Bulletin of the Berntce P BIshop Museum 204,1-152

Bolton B (1990) Army ants reassessed the phylogeny and classIficatIOn of the dorylme sectIOn (Hymenoptera, Formlcldae) Journal of Natural HIstory 24, 1339-64

Bon M (1987) The Mushrooms and Toadstools of Bntaln and North-western Europe London Hodder & Stoughton

Boness M (1953) DIe Fauna ser WIesen unter besonderer Beruckslchtlgung der Maha (em Beitrag zur Agrarokologle) Zettschrtji for Morphologle und Okologle der Tlere 42,225-77

Boness M (1958) BlOcoenotlsche untersuchungen uber dIe Tlerwelt von Klee- und Luzernefeldern Zeltschrtji for Morphologle und Okologle der Tlere 47,309-73

Boness M (1975) Arthropoden m Hochwassergemst von Flussen Bonner zoologlsches Beltrage 26, 383-401

Bonnamour S (1921) Note sur deux Dlpteres paraSites nouveaux de la Plende de chou Bulletin de la SOCIete Entomologlque de France 26, 217-19

Borgmeler T (1922a) Zur Lebenwelse von Pseudacteon Borgmelert SchmItz (m 1m ) (Dlptera - Phondae) Deutscher Vereln for Wlssenschafi und Kunst In Sao Paulo 2, 238-248 (1921)

Borgmeler T (1923a) Uma nova especle termltophlla de Dohrntphora Dahl (Dlptera­Phondae) Revlsta do Museu Pau/zsta, Sao Paulo 13,1215-24

Borgmeler T (1923c) Neue Phondengattungen aus Braslhen Zeltschrtji deutscher Verelnfor Wlssenschafi und Kunst In Sao Paulo 3,155-81

Borgmeler T (1923d) ContnbUl<;ao para 0 conheCImento dos Phondeos do BrasIl (Phondae - Dlptera) Archlvos do Museu NaClonal, RIO de JaneIro 24, 323-46

Borgmeler T (1923e) Novos Phondeos brasllelros Boletlm do Museu NaClonal do RIO de JaneIro 1, 51-9

Borgmeler T (1924a) Novos generos e espeCles de Phondeos do Brasil Boletlm do Museu Nactonal do RIO de JaneIro 1, 167-202

Borgmeler T (1924c) Urn novo genero de Phondeos do Parana (Dlpt) Boletlm do Museu Nactonal do RIO de JaneIro 1, 283-8

Borgmeler T (1925a) Eme neue myrmecophlle Phondengattung aus BrasilIen Entomologlsche Mlttezlungen 14, 237-9

Borgmeler T (1925b) Eme neue myrmecophlle Phonde aus Braslhen Sonetas entomologlca, Stuttgart 40, 45

393

REFERENCES

Borgmeler T (1925c) Novos subsldlOs para 0 conheCImento da famlha Phondae Archlvos do Museu Naclonal, RIo deJanelro 25, 85-281

Borgmeler T (1926a) Phondeos myrmecophllos da Argentma (Dlpt) Boletlm do Museu Naclonal do RIO deJanelro 2,1-31

Borgmeler T (1926c) Phondeos novos on pouco conhecldos do Brasil Boletlm do Museu Nacronal do RIO de JaneIro 2, 39-52

Borgmeler T (1927a) Eme neue eCltophile Phondgattung aus Brasilien (Dlpt) Entomologlsche Mlttezlungen 16, 411-14

Borgmeler T (1927b) DOls generos novos de Phondeos Boletlm do Museu Naclonal do RIO de JaneIro 3, 31--6

Borgmeler T (1927c) Eme neue Phezdolomyza-Arten aus Brasilien Zoologlscher Anzelger 74, 160-4

Borgmeler T (1927d) Zwel neue myrmecophile Phonden aus Brasilien (Dlpt) Eos, Madnd 3, 505-11

Borgmeler T (1928a) Zur Kenntms der myrmecophilen Phondengattung Commoptera Brues WIener entomologlsche Zeztung 45,1-7

Borgmeler T (1928b) Nota previa sobre alguns Phondeos que parasltam formlgas cortadelras dos generos Atta e Acromymex Boletlm BIOloglCO Laboratono de Parasztologla, Sao Paulo 14, 119-26

Borgmeler T (1928c) Investlga<;oes sobre Phondeos myrmecophllos (Dlptera, Phondae) Archlvos do [nstltuto BlOloglCO de Defesa Agrzcola e Anzmal, Sao Paulo 1, 159-92

Borgmeler T (1929) Ueber attophle Phonden Zoologlscher Anzelger 80,493--517 Borgmeler T (1930a) Eme neue myrmecophile Apterophora-Art Zoologlscher Anzelger

89,57--62 Borgmeler T (1930b) Zur Morphologle und BlOlogle von Pseudohypocera nzgroJasclpes

Borgmeler and Schmitz Zoologlscher Anzelger 90, 92-104 Borgmeler T (1931a) Sobre alguns Phondeos que parasltam a saliva e outras formlgas

cortadetras (Dtptera- Phondae) Archwos do [nstltuto BIOloglCO de Defesa Agncola e Anzmal, Sao Paulo 4,209-28

Borgmeler T (1931 b) Especles arachnophiles e outras espeCles dos genero Megasella Rondam (1856) e Pencyclocera Schmitz (1928) (Dlpt, Phondae) Revlsta de Entomologza, Sao Paulo 1, 142-50

Borgmeler T (1932a) Sobre alguns Phondeos neotroplcaes do Museu de Hamburgo (Dlpt Phondae) Revlsta de Entomologza, Sao Paulo 2, 43--52

Borgmeler T (1932b) Revisao do genero eCltophllo Xanzonotum Brues, com descnp­<;:10 de duas espeCles novas (Dlpt Phondae) Revlsta de Entomologza, Sao Paulo 2, 369-80

Borgmeler T (1933b) Urn novo genero myrmecophllo de Phondeos da Argentma (Dlpt) Revlsta de Entomologza, RIO deJanelro 3, 45-8

Borgmeler T (1934a) Sobre alguns Fondeos da GUiana Inglezu, coleclOnados pela expedl<;ao da Umversldade de Oxford (1929) e conservados no Museu Bntamco (Dlpt Phondae) Archlvos do [nstltuto de Blologla Vegetal, RIO de JaneIro 1, 27-34

Borgmeler T (1934b) 0 genero Melaloncha Brues (Dlpt Phondae) RevIsta de Entomologza, Sao Paulo 4,167-89

Borgmeler T (1935a) Urn novo genero de Phondeos de Costa Rica RevIsta de Entomologza, RIO de JaneIro 5, 136-8

Borgmeler T (1935d) Eme augenlose termltophile Phonde aus BraSilien nebst Beschrelbung emer neuen Pheldolomyza (Dlpt Phondae) RevIsta de Entomologza, RIO de JaneIro 5, 488-95

Borgmeler T (1935g) Sobre 0 cyclo evolUtlVo de Chonocephalus Wandolleck e uma nova especle de Melaloncha Brues, endoparaslta de abelhas Archlvos do [nstltuto de BlOlogza Vegetal, RIO de JaneIro 2,255--65

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Borgmeler T (1936) Alguns Phondeos myrmecophIlos de Costa RIca e do BrasIl (Dlpt Phondae) RevIsta de Entomologza, RIO de JaneIro 6, 23--37

Borgmeler T (1937) U rna nova espeCle de Apocephalus (Dlpt Phondae), endoparaslta do ChaullOgnathus Jallax Germ (Col Canthandae) RevIsta de Entomologza, RIO de JaneIro 7, 207-16

Borgmeler T (1938a) Urn novo genero de Phondeos de Santa Cathanna (DIp Phondae) In Llvro Jubrlar Prof Travassos RIO de JaneIro, 3,87-9

Borgmeler T (1938b) Algunas Phondeos myrmecophllos de Costa RIca e do BrasIl e quatro espeCles novas de Melaloncha Brues (Dlpt Phondae) RevIsta de Entomo­logla, RIO de JaneIro 9, 39--53

Borgmeler T (1938c) Phondeos parasltas da formlga argentma (Dlpt Phondae) RevIsta de Entomologza, RIO deJanelro 9, 261-2

Borgmeler T (1950a) RevIsIon der Gattung Conrceromyra Borgmeler, nebst Besch­relbung von sechs neuen Arten (Dlpt Phondae) RevIsta de Entomologla, RIO de JaneIro 21, 281-99

Borgmeler T (1950b) DIe myrmecophIle Phondengattung Chelldophora Borgmeler, nebst Beschrelbung emer neuen Art aus BrasIlIen (Dlpt Phondae) RevIsta de Entomologra, RIO deJanelro 21, 301--4

Borgmeler T (1954) Eme neue myrmekophIle Dlpterengattung aus BrasIlIen Zoologlscher Anzelger 153, 292-8

Borgmeler T (1956) Zur Kenntms der myrmecophllen Phondengattung 'Pheldolo­myra' SchmItz (Dlptera, Phondae) RevIsta Brasrlelra de Blologra 16, 415-20

Borgmeler T (1957) BasIc questIons of systematIcs SystematIc Zoology 6, 53--69 Borgmeler T (1958) Neue Beltraege zur Kenntms der neotroplschen Phonden

(Dlptera, Phondae) Studza Entomologlca, Petropolzs1, 305--406 Borgmeler T (1959) Neue und wemg bekannte Phonden aus der neotroplschen

RegIon, nebst elmgen Arten aus dem Belglschen Congo-Geblet (Dlptera, Phondae) Studra Entomologlca, Petropolls 2,129-208

Borgmeler T (1960a) RevIsIon der eCltophIlen Phondengattung ECltoptera Borgmeler & SchmItz, mIt Beschrelbung von sechs neuen Arten (Dlptera, Phondae) Anazs da Academra Brasrlelra de Czencras 32, 125--41

Borgmeler T (1960b) Gefluegelte und ungefluegelte Phonden aus der neotroplschen RegIon, nebst Beschrelbung von sIeben neuen Gattungen (Dlptera, Phondae) Studla Entomologlca, Petropolls 3,257-374

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Borgmeler T (1962c) Versuch emer UebersIcht ueber dIe neotroplschen Megaselra­Arten, sowle neue oder wemg bekannte Phonden verschledener Gattungen (Dlpt Phondae) Studra Entomologlca, Petropolzs 5, 289--488

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Crowder AA, Pearson MC, Grubb PJ, LanglOIs PH (1990) Biological flora of the Bntlsh Isles Drosera L Journal of Ecology 78, 233-67

Curtis J (1833) Bntlsh Entomology, Volume 10 London CurtiS SK, Benner DB, Cowden RR (1987) Ultrastructure of the larval sahvary

glands of Megaselta scalartS Loew (Dlptera, Phondae) Journal of Morphology 191, 265-88

CurtiS SK, Benner DB, Musil G (1989) Ultrastructure of the spermatozoon of Me­.szasella sealam Loew (Dlptera Brachycera Cyclorrhapha Phondea Phondae) Journal of Morphology 200, 47-61

Cuthbertson A (1936) BIOlogical notes on some Dlptera of Southern Rhodesia Oc­caSIOnal Papers of the Rhodestan Museum 5, 46-63

Dabrowska-Prot E, Karg J (1974) PrelImmary analysIs of Dlptera of rye and potato fields Bulletm de l'Academle PolonaIse des SCIences, Sene des SCIences BIologIques 22, 385-91

Daggett PM, Dollahon N, Janovy J (1972) Herpetomonas megaseltae sp n (Protozoa TrypanosomatJdae) from Me.szaselta scalam (Loew, 1866) Schmitz, 1929 (Dlp­tera Phondae) Journal ofParastlology 58, 946-9

Decou-Burghele A (1961) Sur la bioI ogle de Megasella melanocephala von Roser, phonde parasite des cocons de Meta menardl Latr Annales du Laboratolre Souter­ram, Hans-sur-Lesse 11, 16-22

Delachambre J (1965) Recherches sur les Termltoxenl1dae (Dlptera) I DescnptlOn d'une novelle espece afncame et de sal arve lnsectes SOCtaUX 12, 273-83

Delachambre J (1966) Recherches sur les Termltoxenndae (Dlptera) II DescnptlOns de deux novelle espece afncames insectes Soclaux 13, 105-16

Delage A, Lauralre M-C (1970) TrOIS nouvelles especes de Phondae (Dlpteres, Brachyceres, Cyclorrhaphes), trouvees a Peyresq (Alpes de Provence) Bulletm des Recherches Agronomlques de Gembloux 5, 450-8

Delage A, Lauralre M-C (1971 c) A propos de deux Aemgmatnnae (Dlpt Phondae) nouvelles pour la faune de France Entomologlste 27, 159-62

Delage A, Lauralre M-C (1974b) Mise au pomt sur Ie genre Phalacrotophora (Dlpt Phondae) et descnptlon de I'ovlposltor d'une femelle parasite Annales de Para­stfologle Humame et Comparee 49, 495-500

Deleporte S (1986) Blologle et ecologle du Dlptere SClandae Bradysta confints (Wmn , Frey) d'une htlere de feUllles (Bretagne mteneure) Revue d'Ecologle et de Blologle du Sol 23, 39-76

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Della Santa E (1993) Camponotus cruentatus LatreIlle, 1802 (Hymenoptera FormI­CIdae) , hte du phond myrmcophIle Mlcroselra nVlerae SchmItz, 1934 (Dlptera Phondae) Mitteilungen der schwelzCrtschen entomologlschen Gesellschaft 66, 135-136

DelucchI V (1953) Aphldecta oblrterata L (Coleoptera, CoccInellIdae) als Rauber von DreyfiHla (Adelges) p,ceae Ratz PjlanzenschutzbCrtchte 11, 73-83

Dely-Draskovlts A, Babos M (1976) Fenologlsche Zusammenhange zunschen Fllegen und HutpIlzen Folia Entomologlca Hunganca 29, 23-38

Dessart P (1993) HIstone des Termltoxenlldes ou les errements de la SCIence Les Na­turlatstes Belges 74,61-75

Dlas MaCIeIra OJ, Chaud-Netto J, Zanon AM (1983) OVIpOSItIOn rate and relatIve vIabIlIty of descendants from couples of Megaselta scalartS (Dlptera Phondae) reared In dIfferent expenmental condItIOns Revlsta Brasllelra de Btologta 43, 223-228

DIsney RHL (1969) The tImIng of adult ecloslOn In blackflIes (Dlpt , Slmullldae) In West Cameroon Bulletin of EntomologIcal Research 59, 485-503

DIsney RHL (1970) A note on the uptake of sugar by some blood-suckIng flIes Pro­ceedings of the Royal Entomological SOClCty of London (AJ 45, 51-54

DIsney RHL (1973) FlIes reared from pupae found In shells of garden snaIls Entomolo­gist's Monthly Magazine 108, 87 (1972)

DIsney RHL (1975) A key to the larvae, pupae and adults of the Bntlsh Dlxldae (Dlp­tera) the memscus mIdges Freshwater BIOlogIcal Assoctatton SCientific PublicatIOn 31, 1-78

DIsney RHL (1976a) A survey of blackfly populatIOns (Dlpt , Slmullldae) In West Cameroon EntomologIst's Monthly Magazine 111,211-227 (1975)

DIsney RHL (1976b) A further case of a Nematoceran fly (Dlptera SCIandae) para­SItIzed by a speCIes of scuttle fly (Dlptera Phondae) Entomologist's Gazette 27, 91-98

DIsney RHL (1977a) Scuttle flIes (Dlptera, Phondae) from Imshbofin, Co Galway Insh Naturallsts'JournaI19, 57-61

DIsney RHL (1977b) A further case of a scuttle fly (Dlpt , Phondae) whose larvae attack slug eggs Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 112, 174 (1976)

Disney RHL (1978a) Some scuttle flies (Dlpt Phondae) from North Wales Nature In

Wales 16, 25-31 DIsney RHL (1978d) A new specIes of afrotroplcal Megaselra (Dlptera Phondae),

WIth a re-evaluatlon of the genus Plastophora Zeltschnft for angewandte Zoologle 65,313-319

DIsney RHL (1979a) A plamdlUm-type larva In an adult scuttle fly (Dlpt , Phondae) EntomologIst's Monthly Magazine 113, 199-200 (1977)

DIsney RHL (1979d) Some scuttle flIes (Dlptera, Phondae) from Tow HIll Nature Reserve, N orth YorkshIre Naturalrst, Hull 104, 39--42

DIsney RHL (197ge) Multlnevra macropygldta n gen , n sp , a cunous afrotroplcal scuttle fly (Dlptera Phondae) Entomologlca Scandlnavlca 10, 79-80

DIsney RHL (1979f) Natural hIstory notes on some BntIsh Phondae (Dlptera) WIth comments on a changIng PIcture Entomologist's Gazette 30,141-150

DIsney RHL (1979g) Coutunera kensmlthl n gen n sp and ClewIs n sp of the afro­tropIcal Alammnae (Dlptera Phondae) Entomologlca Scandlnavlca 10, 142-146

DIsney RHL (1979J) The Bntlsh Metoplna (Dlptera Phondae) WIth descnptIon of a new speCIes ZoologIcal Journal of the Llnnean SOCIety 67, 97-113

Disney RHL (1979k) A new speCIes of Phalacrotophora (Dlpt Phondae) from France AnI/ales de Parasltologle Humalne et Comparee 54, 533-536

DIsney RHL (1980c) Records of flower vIsItIng by scuttle flIes (Dlptera Phondae) In the Bntlsh Isles Naturalist, Hull 105, 45-50

403

REFERENCES

DIsney RHL (1980d) VanatIon m Megasella pul,carta (Fall) (Dlpt, Phondae) with the recogmtIon of new synonymIes EntomologIst's Monthly Magazine, 115, 97-103

DIsney RHL (1980f) Some sOlI-mhabltmg scuttle fhes (Dlpt , Phondae) Entomolo­gIst's Monthly Magazine 115, 231-232

DIsney RHL (1980g) A scuttle fly (Dlpt , Phondae) that parasItIses larvae of Trtchosta Wmnertz (Dlpt , SClandae) EntomologIst's Monthly Magazine 116, 5-6

DIsney RHL (1980h) A new speCIes of Chonocephalus (Dlptera Phondae) from Panama Entomologlca Scandlnavlca 11, 363-365

DIsney RHL (1980/) A new specIes of Apocephalus (Dlptera Phondae) that paraSltIses Atta texana (Hymenoptera FormlCldae) In Texas Zeltschrift for angewandte Zoologle 67,47-50

DIsney RHL (1980k) Chaetopleurophora bohemannt (Becker) (Dlptera Phondae) added to the Bntlsh LIst EntomologIst's Gazette 31,245

DIsney RHL (1981 d) Apocephalus laceyl n sp (Dlptera Phondae) attackIng Campono­tusftmoratum (F) (Hymenoptera FormlCldae) In BrazIl Entomologlca ScandlnaVICa 12,31-34

DIsney RHL (1981 h) A new, and first Afrotroplcal, speCIes of Auxanommatldta (Dlptera Phondae) Zeltschrift for angewandt Zoologle 67, 323-330

DIsney RHL (1981k) Four new speCIes of Megaselta (Dlptera Phondae) from Sn Lanka Zeltschrift for angewandte Zoolologle 67, 389-398 (1980)

DIsney RHL (19810) A PalaearctIc scuttle fly recorded from Texas (Dlpt , Phondae) EntomologIst's Monthly Magazine 117,158

DIsney RHL (1982e) Notes on the genus Cortdophora SchmItz (Dlpt , Phondae) wIth a re-evaluatIon of the genus Edaphomyta Borgmeler EntomologIst's Monthly Magazine 118, 9-10

DIsney RHL (1982h) A scuttle fly (Dlptera Phondae) that appears to be a parasltOld of a snaIl (Stylommatophora Zomtldae) and IS Itself paraSItIzed by a Bracomd (H ymenoptera) EntomologIst's Record and Journal oj VartatlOn 94, 151-154

DIsney RHL (1982k) Three new speCIes of scuttle fly (Dlptera Phondae) that parasitIze ants (Hymenoptera Formlcldae) In North Amenca JournaloJZoology, London 197, 473-481

DIsney RHL (19821) A cunous new speCIes of Megasella from BrazIl (Dlptera Phondae) Zeltschrift for angewandte Zoologle 68,415-418 (1981)

DIsney RHL (1982m) Megaselta arglOpephaga n sp (Dlptera Phondae), an Onental scuttlefly whose larvae feed on spIder eggs Entomologlca Scandlnavlca 13, 321-324

DIsney RHL (1982n) A new speCIes of Megasella (Dlptera Phondae) that breeds In pItchers of Nepenthes In Sn Lanka Ceylon Journal oJSclence (BIOlogIcal SCIences) 14, 89-101 (1981)

DIsney RHL (19820) Two new specIes of Afrotroplcal Megaselta (Dlptera Phondae) EntomologIst's Monthly MagaZine 118, 189-193

DIsney RHL (1983a) Scuttle flIes Dlptera, Phondae (except Megaselta) Handbooks Jor the Identt}icatlon oJBrttlsh Insects 10(6),1-81

DIsney RHL (1983b) A useful new character In the gIant genus Megaselta (Dlptera Phondae), WIth two new specIes from BntaIn Zeltschriftfor angewandte Zoologle 70,225-234

DIsney RHL (1983d) A synopsIs of the taxonomIst's tasks, WIth partIcular attentIon to phylogenetIc cladlsm Pteld StudIes 5(5),841-865

DIsney RHL (1983g) Two new speCIes of Afrotroplcal Mlcroselta (Dlptera Phondae) Entomologlca ScandlnaVICa 14, 407-410

DIsney RHL (1983h) Four new speCIes of Dohrntphora (Dlptera Phondae) from Panama Entomologlca ScandlnaVICa 14, 452-456

404

REFERENCES

DIsney RHL (1985a) Re-mterpretatlon of the wmg vems m the Phondae (Dlp­tera) EntomologIst's Monthly Magazine 121, 55-58

DIsney R L (1985b) Replacement names for three speCIes of Megaseila (Dlpt , Phon­dae) EntomologIst's Monthly Magazine 121, 97

DIsney RHL (1985c) Records of scuttle fhes (Dlptera Phondae) from Flatford Mtll, mcludmg two specIes new to Bntam TransactIons of the Suffolk NaturallSl's SOCIety 21,13-17

DIsney RHL (1985d) Afrotroplcal Woodtphora wIth descnptlon of four new specIes (Dlptera, Phondae) Polskte Ptsmo Entomologtczne 55,271-281

DIsney RHL (1985h) Watchmg scuttle fhes on Project Wallace Antenna 9, 139-141 DIsney RHL (1986a) A new genus of scuttle-fly (Dlptera Phondae) from England

Zoolologtcal Journal of the Llnnean SOCIety 87,85-89 DIsney RHL (1986b) A new genus and three new speCIes ofPhondae (Dlptera) para­

Sltlzmg ants (Hymenoptera) m SulawesI Journal of Natural Htstory 20, 777-787 DIsney RHL (1986c) MorphologIcal and other observations on Chonocephalus (Phon­

dae) and phylogenetIc Imphcatlons for the Cyclorrhapha (Dlptera) Journal of Zoology, London (A) 210, 77-87

DIsney RHL (1986d) Two remarkable new speCIes of scuttle-fly (Dlptera Phondae) that paraSItize termites (Isoptera) m SulawesI Systemattc Entomology 11, 413--422

DIsney RHL (1986e) Two new speCIes of scuttle fly (Dlptera, Phondae) from Malham Tarn, North YorkshIre Naturailst, Hull 111, 113-121

DIsney, RHL (1986g) Assessments usmg mvertebrates posmg the problem In Usher MB (ed), Wtldlife ConservatIOn EvaluatIon London Chapman & Hall, Chapter 12 271-293

DIsney RHL (1986h) Inventory surveys of msect faunas dIscussIOn of a particular at­tempt Antenna 10,112-116

DIsney RHL (1987a) A most remarkable new genus of scuttle fly (Dlptera Phondae) from SulawesI SystematIc Entomology 12, 29-32

DIsney RHL (1987b) Observations on a pecuhar mechanism m the crop of some Phondae (Dlptera) and ItS taxonomIc value Journal of Natural Htstory 21, 275-280

DIsney RHL (1987d) EVIdence that Opetla ntgra Melgen (Dlpt , Opetndae) IS not a Cyclorrhaphan EntomologIst's Monthly Magazine 123, 47

DIsney RHL (t987f) A prehmmary survey of the scuttle flIes of Hayley Wood, wIth descnptlons of three new speCIes Proceedings and TransactIOns of the Brtttsh En­tomologIcal and Natural HIstory SocIety 20, 27-34

DIsney RHL (1987g) A new genus and two new specIes ofPhondae (Dlpt ) from nests of ants (Hym , Formlcldae) m SulawesI Entomologtst's Monthly Magazine 123, 157-161

DIsney RHL (1987J) A new speCIes of Trtphleba from Spam and two new synonyms m thIs genus (Dlpt ,Phondae) EntomologIst's Monthly Magazine 123, 191-194

DIsney RHL (1987k) The undescnbed male and holarctlc status of Megaselta abdaa Schmitz (Dlptera Phondae) Entomologlca Scandlnavlca 18, 263-264

DIsney RHL (1987n) Four speCIes of scuttle fly (Dlptera Phondae) from DomInican amber Pan-Pactfic Entomologtst 63,377-380

DIsney RHL (19870) The use of rapId sample surveys of msect fauna In Luff ML (ed ), The Use of Invertebrates In Stte Assessmentfor Conservatton Newcastle-upon­Tyne The UniversIty of Newcastle-upon-Tyne Agnculture EnvIronment Re­search Group, 19-28

DIsney RHL (1988b) BIology and taxonomy of Old World Pultctphora (Dlptera Phondae) WIth descnptlons of nine new speCIes Ortental Insects 22,267-286

DIsney RHL (1988c) A new speCIes of Mtcroselta (Dlpt Phondae) from France An­nales de Parasttologte Humalne et Comparee 63, 85-88

DIsney RHL (1988d) A remarkable new speCIes of scuttle fly (Dlptera Phondae)

405

REFERENCES

whose larvae mfest chickpea root nodules m India Journal of Natural HIstory 22, 611-616

Disney RHL (1988e) Scuttle flies m Hayley Wood Nature In Cambndgeshlre 30, 21-22

Disney RHL (1988f) New synonyms m the Megaselta dahll complex (Dlptera Phon­dae) and two speCies new to the Bntlsh List EntomologIst's Record and Journal of Vanatton 100,169-174

Disney RHL (1988g) An mterestmg new species of Megaselta from SulaweSI, the ground plan of the Phondae (Dlptera) and phylogenetic ImphcatlOns for the Cyclorrhapha SystematIc Entomology 13, 433-441

Disney RHL (1988h) The PalaearCtlc speCies resembhng Megaselta pygmaea (Dlptera, Phondae), mcludmg two new species Annales Entomologw FennlCl 54,153-161

Disney RHL (19881) The form of articulation between the pedicel and first flagellar segment of the antenna m flies (Dlptera) EntomologISt 107, 99-103

Disney RHL (1989a) Scuttle Fhes - Dlptera Phondae Genus Megaselta Handbooks for the IdentIficatIOn of Bntlsh Insects 10(8), 1-155

Disney RHL (1989b) Two new species of Megaselta (Dlpt , Phondae) reared from termite-mound fungus m Nlgena EntomologIst's Monthly MagaZine 125, 45-48

Disney RHL (1989c) A new speCies of Phora (Dlpt , Phondae) from France Ento­mologIst's Monthly MagaZine 125, 81-82

Disney RHL (1989d) Re-appralsal of the Austrahan genus Eutermlphora Lea (Dlptera Phondae) Entomologlca Scandmavlca 19, 435--436

Disney RHL (198ge) A new speCies of Megasella (Dlptera, Phondae) from France and Poland Polskle PIsmo Entomologlczne 59, 249-252

Disney RHL (1989f) A key to Australasian and Onental Woodlphora (Dlptera Phon­dae), affimtles of the genus and descnptlOns of new speCies Journal of Natural HIstory 23, 1137-1175

Disney RHL (1989g) The 'mlssmg' males of the Alammnae/ Termltoxemmae com­plex and the supposed hermaphroditism m Termltoxenllnae (Dlptera Phon­dae) SOCIobIOlogy 16, 109-120

Disney RHL (1989h) Two new species of Megaselta (Dlpt , Phondae) from the Falk­land Islands (Malvmas), and a replacement name m the genus EntomologIst's Monthly MagaZine 125,183-186

Disney RHL (19891) SIX new speCies of Megaselta (Dlptera, Phondae) reared from fungi m Japan Acta Entomologlca Bohemoslovaca 86, 368-380

Disney RHL (1989J) Antidote to taxonomic mstablhty Nature 342, 488 Disney RHL (1990a) Some myths and the reahty of scuttle fly biology Antenna 14,

64-67 Disney RHL (1990b) Problem genera close to Megaselta (Dlptera Phondae) Bntlsh

Journal of Entomology and Natural HIstory 3,11-22 Disney RHL (1990c) Two new speCies and a revised key to Rhynchomlcropteron (Dlp­

tera, Phondae) Entomologlca Fenntca 1, 21-24 Disney RHL (1990d) A stnkmg new speCies of Megasella (Dlptera, Phondae) from

SulaweSI, with re-evaluatlon of related genera Entomologlca Fenntca 1, 25-31 Disney RHL (1990e) A key to Dlplonevra males of the Australasian and Onental Re­

gIOns, mcludmg two new species (Dlptera, Phondae) Entomologlca Fenntca 1, 33-39

Disney RHL (1990f) ReVised key to Pulwphora (Dlptera Phondae) of the Austral­aSian and Onental Regions, with third report of a larval ParaSltica (Hymenop­tera) m an adult fly Entomologlca Scand,nav,ca 21, 211-218

Disney RHL (1990g) Key to Dohrntphora males (Dlptera Phondae) of the Austral­aSian and Onental RegIOns with descnptIons of new species ZoologIcal Journal of the Lmnean SocIety 99, 339-387

406

REFERENCES

DIsney RHL (1990J) RevIsIon of the Alammnae (Dlptera Phondae) SystematIc Entomology 15,305-320

DIsney RHL (1990k) A revIsed key to AustralasIan and Onental Comcera (Dlptera Phondae), wIth three new specIes Entomologlca Scandlnavlca 21, 339-344

DIsney RHL (19901) Three new specIes of scuttle fly (Dlptera, Phondae) from the Canary Islands V,eraea 18, 135-141

DIsney RHL (1991a) Scuttle flIes from ZImbabwe (Dlptera, Phondae) wIth the descnptlon of five new speCIes Journal of Afncan Zoology 105, 27-48

DIsney RHL (1991 b) The AscensIon Island scuttle fly (Dlptera Phondae) Entomolo­gIst 110, 82-93

DIsney RHL (1991 c) Support for the revIsed InterpretatIon of the WIng vems of Phondae (Dlptera) EntomologIst's Monthly Magazine 127, 73-76

DIsney RHL (1991 d) Scuttle flIes (Dlptera Phondae) as paraSItes of earthworms (Ohgochaeta LumbnCldae) BritIsh Journal of Entomology and Natural HIstory 4, 11-13

DIsney RHL (1991e) FamIly Phondae In S06s A, Papp L (eds), Catalogue of Palaearctlc Dlptera Volume 7 (Dolzchopodldae - Platypezldae) Budapest Akade­mlal Kudo, 143-204

DIsney RHL (1991 f) The fire-ant parasltOlds of the Pseudacteon spatulatus complex (Dlptera, Phondae, Hymenoptera, FormlCldae) SocIObIology 18, 283-298, 332

DIsney RHL (1991g) A new speCIes of Rhynchomlcropteron (Dlpt ,Phondae) from Nepal EntomologIst's Monthly Magazine 127, 119-121

DIsney RHL (1991 h) Scuttle flIes of the Cape Verde Islands (Dlptera, Phondae) Journal of Aftlcan Zoolology 105, 205-241

DIsney RHL (19911) The aquatIc Phondae (Dlptera) Entomologlca Scandlnavlca 22, 171-191

DIsney RHL (1991J) Two rare scuttle flIes (Dlptera, Phondae) from Yorkshue, Includmg one new for Bntam Naturalzst, Hull 116, 93-94

DIsney RHL (1991k) Aemgmatlstes (Dlptera Phondae), Aschlza wIth a ptIlmum i

Bonner zoologlsches Beztrage 42, 353-368 DIsney RHL (19911) A new specIes of Com cera (Dlptera, Phondae) from Germany

Zoologlscher Anzelger 227,240--244 DIsney RHL (1991 m) Convergent and parallel evolutIon and the supra-genenc

classIficatIOn of the Phondae (Dlptera) Glornale Itallano dl Entomologla 5, 263-287

DIsney RHL (1992a) The 'mlssmg' males of the Thaumatoxenmae (Dlptera Phondae) SystematIc Entomology 17, 55-58

DIsney RHL (1992b) A further case of a scuttle fly (Dlpt , Phondae) paraSltIsIng a scale msect (Hem -Hom, EnococCldae) EntomologIst's Monthly Magazine 128, 39-40

DIsney RHL (1992c) 'FlIghtless' flIes and fanCIful 'facts' Antenna 16,150--158 DIsney RHL (1992d) A further new specIes of Rhynchomlcropteron (Dlpt , Phondae)

from MalaYSIa EntomologIst's Monthly Magazine 128, 219-224 DIsney RHL (1993a) A new specIes of Termltoxenunae (Dlptera Phondae) from

ZImbabwe and erectIOn of a new genus for Penssa tlnglel DIsney EntomologIst's Monthly Magazine 129, 55-60

DIsney RHL (1993b) New speCIes of aquatIc Phondae (Dlptera) from MalaYSIa AquatIc Insects 15, 149-158

DIsney RHL (1993c) Notes on European Phondae (Dlptera) Brztlsh Journal of Entomology and Natural HIstory 6, 107-118

DIsney RHL (1993d) The IdentItIes of phond speCIes mfestIng cultIvated mushrooms MushroomJournal525,24

DIsney RHL (1993e) MosaIC evolutIon and outgroup compansons Journal of Natural HIstory 27,1219-21

407

REFERENCES

Disney RHL (1994a) From field studies to taxonomy Field Studies 8(2), 197-216 Disney RHL (1994b) A new species and new records ofPhondae (Dlptera) from New

Zealand Gtornale ItalIano dl Entomologla 6,119-124 (1992) Disney RHL (1994c) A new speCIes of Trtphleba (Dlptera Phondae) from France and

the subfamily assignment of thiS genus Glornale Italrano dl Entomologra 6, 135-139 (1992)

Disney RHL, Chazeau J (1990) The recogmtlOn and biology of Phalacrotophora quadrtmaculata (Dlptera Phondae) paraSltlsmg Olla v-nrgrum (Coleoptera Coc­cmelhdae) used m attempts to control the Leucaena psylhd Annales de Parasrtologle Humalne et Comparee 65,98-100

Disney RHL, Coulson JC, Butterfield J (1981) A survey of the scuttle fites (Dlptera Phondae) of upland habitats m Northern England NaturalIst, Hull 106, 53-66

Disney RHL, Cummmg MS (1992) AbohtlOn of the Alammnae and ultimate rejection of Wasmann's theory of hermaphroditism m Termltoxenl1nae (Dlp­tera, Phondae) Bonner zoologlsches Beltrage 43,145-154

Disney RHL, Erzm<;hoglu YZ, Henshaw DJdeC, Howse D, Unwm DM, Withers P, Woods, A (1982) Collectmg methods and the adequacy of attempted fauna surveys, with reference to the Dlptera FIeld Studies 5(4),607-621

Disney RHL, Evans RE (1978) Two speCIes of Phondae (Dlpt ) reared from fungi EntomologIst's Monthly Magazine 113, 165 (1977)

Disney RHL, Evans RE (1979) Further records ofPhondae (Dlpt ) reared from fungi EntomologIst's Monthly Magazine 114, 166 (1978)

Disney RHL, Evans RE (1980) Phondae (Dlptera) whose larvae feed on eggs of spiders (Aranelda) EntomologIst's Monthly MagazIne 115, 21-22 (1979)

Disney RHL, Evans RE (1982) Records of Phondae (Dlptera) reared from fungi Entomologist's Record and Journal ojVartatlon 94,104-105

Disney RHL, Evans RE (1988) New host records for fungus-breedmg Phondae (Dlp­tera) EntomologIst's Record and Journal ojVartatlOn 100, 208-210

Disney RHL, Evans RE (1990) Some new records of fungus-breedmg Phondae (Dlp­tera) Dlpterrst's DIgest 7,20--23

Disney RHL, Evans RE (1994) Further new records of fungus-breedmg Phondae (Dlptera) Dlpterrst's DIgest (m press)

Disney RHL, Gunn LC (1980) Some scuttle fites (Dlpt , Phondae) from emergence traps over raspberry stools m Scotland Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 115, 23-25 (1979)

Disney RHL, Henderson IF, Perry IN, Clements RO (1981) Phondae (Dlptera) from Enghsh pasture sods PedoblOlogla 22, 366-378

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Schmitz H (1932d) Beschrelbung elmger neuen aSlatischen Phonden Natuurh,stoY/sch Maandblad21,127-131

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438

Author index

Adlan, A M 437 Arnsworth, G C 414 Akre, R D 38--41,74,77,125,142--48,

188, 384 Aldnch,] M 84 Alford, D V 72,73 Altmuller, R 178 Amerlrng, C 72, 101 Annandale, N 147 AraUJO, R L 148 Ardo, P 36 Armstrong, E A 187 Armstrong, G 434 Arnfield, P W 271 Arora, P K 386 Ashraf, M 69 Assmuss, E 72 Assmuth,] 138 Aston, A 34,126, 130, 166 Atmore, E A 34,87, 166 Austen, E E 90 Austrn,AD 411 Austrn, M D 385 Auten, M 63 AUtUorl, M 71 Ax, P 297 Azevedo e SIlva, F 84

Babos, M 185 Bachh, G 49-54,162,178, 185 Baer,] G 34,103,107,140,

294 Bahrmann, R 177, 178 Baker, E W 164 Baker, G H 64 Baker, R 159 Baker, W L 197 Balduf, W V 17,86, 87, 105 Banko, P C 198 Banks, N 64 Banks, W A 82 Barber, H S 384 Barnes,] K 17,20, 37, 94, 99, 103, 105,

134-9,155,160,268,271,274,281,282, 287, 385

Baruch, A 426 Bates, M 1, 94, 170, 380 Batra, S W T 72,154 Baumann, E 10, 122-31, 172, 178, 179,

186,195,199,383,384 Beaver, R A 37,38,92, 101, 102, 107,

163, 170, 197 Beavers,] B 384 Beck, C W 413 Becker, T 9 Beelman, R B 436 Bego, L R 432 Bernhart, G 424 Belo, M 426 Benjamrn, D M 17,106,161,385 Benner, D B 14,16,19,106,108,112,

116, 159, 385 Bequaert,] C 140 Berland, L 21,31,64 Beroza, M 391 Berry, P A 68 Berryman, A A 69 Beyer, E M 3, 10, 38, 60, 62, 70, 81, 132,

149-52,157,267-94,383 Bhattal, D S 186, 386 BIegel, W 40, 72, 83, 84, 187 BIery, T L 90,91 BIgot,] M F 87 Brn, F 38, 100-2 Brnns, E S 132-9, 159, 163, 186, 188,382,

386 Blackman, M W 179 Blackman, R L 103 Blackwell, M 399 Elm, K G 36, 92 Blanchard, E E 88 Bllckle, R L 384, 385 Blight, M M 20 Bohart, G E 35-8, 60, 105, 270 Bolton, B 40, 74 Bon, M 46 Boness, M 133, 175, 177, 198 Bonnamour, S 38 Bonnet de Larbogne, L 400 Boon,]] 413

AUTHOR INDEX

Borgmeler, T 10, 11,32,38,41-6,51, 57-88,91, 116, 123-9, 139-53, 166, 167, 187,238, 265-95

Borner, C 150 Bouye, E 400 Boxshall, G A 419 Brasse, D 174 Braun, C 161 Brauns, A 45,100, 101 Breddm, G 150 Brewer, E 417 Bnan, M V 427 Bndarolli, A 10,99, 103, 104,280 Bnndle, A 84 Bnschke, G 69 Bnstowe, W S 42, 62, 63, 142, 149 Bntten, H 38 Brooks, D R 12 Brown, B V 4,10,11,18,20,31,37,40,

41,46,50,69,71,73,76-83,99,105, 106, 112, 124, 133, 137, 138, 147, 148, 154,157,187,201,228,242,246, 265-98, 380, 383, 386

Brown, E S 84 Bruch, C 145 Brues, C T 9,37,38,44,53,61-5,71,74,

76, 84, 90, 102, 124, 134, 137, 142-9, 153,196,201,282,289-92

Brumbaugh,) A 416 Brunetti, E 38 Bruns, T D 47-9, 57 Buchs, W 181, 381 Buczacki, S 46 Bugn!on, E 19,110,136,149-52 Buhr, H 49 Burbutls, P P 433 Burch, G E 11 Burges, R) 81 Burla, H 49-54, 185 Butan!, D K 87 Butler, S 13 Butterfield,) 408 Buttery, R G 416 Buttlker, W 187 Buxton, P A 47-57

Cakar, L 58,136,199,282 Calderon, C E 126 CamplOlo, S 424 Cantelo, W W 386 Canzanelli, A 46-53, 101 Carareto, C M A 99 Carpenter, G D H 87 Carpenter,) M 40 Carpenter, T L 90 Carr,) W 124 Carter,) B 30, 70, 71 Casson, D 3 Castro, M P de 163

440

Cedeno, A 435 Chalmers, N 380 Chandler, P) 50 Chang, S T 186 Chanter, D 0 169 Chastam, D 0 90 Chaud-Netto,) 18, 73, 112, 155 Chazeau,) 66, 68, 107, 202 Cheng, L 170, 172, 381 Cherrett,) M 45 Chevalier, L 45, 89 Clapham, A R 124 Clark, P F 419 Clegern, R W 392 Clements, A N 135,188 Clements, R 0 408 Clift, A D 46, 164, 186 Coaton, W G H 150 Coggms, R E 71 Cole, L C 179 Coles, E C 87 Collart, A 40, 42, 84 Colless, D H 4, 78 Collm,) E 42, 187 Collins, C W 197 Collms, N M 436 Colyer, C N 11,23,31,36,38,46,49,54,

61,62,66,68,92, 138, 142, 150-4, 157, 162, 266, 268, 276, 280-2, 290

Compton, S G 19,60,135,139,280 Cook, 0 F 134,140 CoqUillett, D W 54,71,82 Corbet, S A 40, 73, 111 Costa, E DeL.59, 124 Coulson,) C 191-3 Cowden, R R 402 Cowie, R HIll Creighton,) T 38 Crosby, T K 185 Cross, M) 200 Cross, W H 38 Crosskey, R W 3 Crossley, D A 137 Crowder, A A 165 Cummmg, M S 4,108,110,115,149,

151, 152, 189,28~291 Curtis,) 3, 65 Curtis, S K 14,25, 116 Cuthbertson, A 38, 88, 105

Dabrowska-Prot, E 174, 175 Daggett, P M 93 Dahlem, G A 133 Das, T K 433 Davies, D M 61 Decou-Burghele, A 63 Delachambre,) 32,149,152,270,292 Delage, A 10, 11,38,41,74, 153,281,

282,286,293

AUTHOR INDEX

Deleporte, S 70, 83 Della Santa, E 78 DelucchI, V 31,66,68, 138 Dely-Draskovlts, A 185 Dessart, P 109 Dlas MaClelra, 0) 18, 20, 112 DIsney, R H L 1-5,8, 11-24,30-9,

45-71, 75-93, 98-102,105-15,122-31, 134-59, 166-204, 266-98, 380-8

Dollahon, N 402 Domsthorpe, H St) K 20,41, 74, 76, 79,

81 Dowdmg, V M 33 Downes,) A 133 Drabble, E 130 Drabble, H 130 du Buysson, H 102 Dunger, W 177 Dunlop, G A 84 Durska, E 180,382

Edgar, W 0 166 Edmunds, L R 65 Edwards, E E 70 Edwards, F W 139 Edwards,) S 198 Eggleton, P 61 Elbl-Elbesfeldt, E 75, 76, 80 Elbl-Elbesfeldt, I 75, 76, 80 Elsenschmldt, H 65, 99 Elsfelder, I 46-55 Elberg, K 280,281 El-Mmlawl, S F 17, 18, 106, 112, 160 Elton, C S 180 Emerson, A E 84 Enderlem, G 10, 38, 72, 85 Engel, E 0 46, 51 Enmk, F 84 Enckson, B) 438 Enckson, E H 438 Ernst, E 84 Erzmc;hoglu, Y Z 3,26,35-7, 184 Evans, A M 90 Evans, H C 169 Evans, R E 46-56,63,64,85,166 Ewald, B 88 Eyles, A C 38, 86

Fabre,) H 116 FabricIUs,) C 3 Fage, L 78 Fam, A 162-5 FaIrbanks, L D 11 Falcoz, L 187 Feener, D H 17,20,31, 76-83, 105, 137,

138, 201, 384 Felt, E P 197 Ferrar, P 13,25, 27, 84, 85, 104, 110 FIscher, M 100, 101

Fitton, M G 101 Flegg, P B 436 Fletcher,) T 386 Foote, B A 30, 62, 99, 105 Ford, R L E 66, 68 Forestl, F 424 Forest!, L 81 Fowler, H G 424 Fox, W H 78 Francoeur, A 398 Frank,) H 170 Franssen, C) H 13, 17, 32, 45, 47, 85,

103,104,107,140,151,187,189, 385

Franz, H 172 Fnsk, M 434 Froese, A 33, 35, 57, 98, 174, 182, 183,

190,199 FUJIwara, M 423 Fuller, M E 150 Furukawa, E 13, 15, 172

Gallo, D 437 Garns, G I 384 Gaston, K) 61 Gaube, R 420 Gauld, I 40 Gay, F) 150 Gaze, R H 411 GeIgy, R 85 Gemesl, 0 69, 105 Gham, M A 68 GIbson, R L 398 Glmmerthal, B A 54 GIrard,) E 188 Ghck, l' A 197,198 Goantsa, K 71 Godase, S K 408 GOIdamch, A 38, 99 Gol'berg, A M 169 Goos, M 175 Got6, T 11,63, 124, 133, 137, 146, 154,

155,160,161,269,276,281,282,286, 289, 293

GrandI, G 70 Grasse, P -1' 4, 110 GratwICk, M 386 Greathead, D) 88 Greenberg, B 106, 107 Greene, C T 77,81,82 Greenwood, M T 162-165 Gregor, F 136,196 Gregorio, R de 88 Grensted, L W 38, 130 Gressltt,) L 37, 38, 105 Gnmaldl, 0 4, 294, 295, 297 Grove,) F 20 Grubb, P ) 402 Gunn, L C 174

441

AUTHOR INDEX

Gurney, B 17, 18, 20, 100, 105, 108, 159,160,167,382,385,386

Guthne, M 33

Hackman, W 34,38,70,99,116,120, 185, 186, 195,384

Hague, N G M 167 Hall, D W 123, 124 Hamm, A H 166 Hammond, H E 38 Hammond, P M 436 Handschln, E 294 Hanel, H 420 HanskI, I 45 Hara, K 418 Hardy, A C 197 Hardy, D E 3,60,90, 283, 383 Hart, W W 392 Hauser, E 196 Hawksworth, D L 46 Haworth, W E 171 Healey, I N 179 Hecker, H 412 Helm, C G 417 Henderson, I F 175, 176, 182 Hendry, L B 412 Henmg, W 4 Henshaw, D J de C 408 Herbert, F 161 Henng, E M 57,58 Herman, H R 417 HesJcdal, K 87 Hesllng,J J 105,169,385 Heslop-Harnson, Y 172 Heynen, C 174, 179, 182,384 HICks, E A 187 HIll, W B 419 Hlme, N Da C 59,124 Hinton, HE 97 Hobby, B M 166 Hodek, I 18 Hodkinson, I D 3 Hoffmann, A A 111 Hogue, C L 170, 172,381 Holldobler, B 74 Holldobler, K 101,139,146 Holhck, F S J 427 Holloway, J D 88 Hong, Y -C 294 Hovemeyer, K 179, 182 Howard, N F 68 Howden, H F 180 Howse, D 408 HSIn, C S 84 Hussey, N W 17,18,20,45,46,92,100,

105-8,112,132,135,159,160,167,174, 188,189,196,199,382,385,386

Ide, G S 163

442

Iheagwam, E U 58 Ingram, A 90 Ipertl, G 68

Jack, R W 88 Jackson, R D 417 Jacobs, L 200 Jaeger, E C 3 Jaffe, K 435 JagersklOld, L A 436 Janovy,J 93 Jansson, A 187 Jenks, G E 63 Johal, K 51,106,186,281 John, ME 17,105,174 Johnson, D S 118 Johnson, M D 183, 189 Jones, F M 20 Jones, S E 63 Jouvenaz, D P 437 Judd, W W 126

Ka~hoven,L GE 16,85 Kamm,J A 182,194,195,384 Kaneko,K 13,15,172,290 Kanervo, V 17,65,99,106 Kanmlya, K 159 Kano, R 90 Karg, J 174, 175 Kaston, B 63 Katamlne, D 418 KawashIma, K 416 Kearns, C A 123, 132 Kearns, P 68 Kellin, D 37, 38, 92, 103 Kelser,F 412 Keller, S 169 Kemner, N A 13,17,85,103,104,107,

140,151,274 Kern, R A 200 Khalaf, F T 274 Khochare, N N 408 Khuong, N T 434 Kldd, L N 84 King, E G 417 Kmg, E W 424 KIrk, W D J 382 Klstemaker, A C 402 KIstner, D H 19, 20, 45, 47, 76, 85, 108,

109,113,137,140-54,266,272-8, 282-92, 298

Klyoku, M 53 Kloter, K 0 20, 31, 70, 201 Knab, F 64 Kneldel, K A 18, 37, 38, 88, 112, 197 Knutson, L V 94 Kogan,J 417 Kogan, M 38 Komon, K 90

AUTHOR INDEX

Kovac, D 92, 170 Krespl, L 70, 83 Knshna, K 417 Krombem, K V 40,41,44,83 Kulhorn, von F 35 Kurahashl, H 91

LaBerge, W E 75 Lack, D 167, 198 LandIs B) 68 LanglOIs, P H 402 Larsson, S F 46, 164 Latge,] -P 427 Latre!lle, P 3 Lauer, S 434 Laurme, M -C L 74, 282, 286, 293 Laurence, B R 166 Laurence, S M 90 Lea, A M 150 Leclercq,] 36, 185 Leclercq, M 36, 37, 84, 99, 108, 112, 185,

196 Lee, D) 90,150 Lee, K W 416 Leefmans, S 70 Leleup, N 149 Lello, E 424 Le Manse, G 43, 148 LeonardI, G 71 Leomde,] C 88 Le Pelley, R H 57,68 Leruth, R 34, 162, 172 Lesne, P 34 Lever, R] A W 33,57,198 LewIs, D) 167,387 LewIs, T 188, 198 Llchtenstem,] L 31,66,68,138 Llm,B-L 419 Lmcoln, R] 61 Lmdner, E 133 Lmsley, E G 39 Llpa, Y Y 66, 68 LIston, A D 84 Lloyd,] E 68 Lofgren, C S 437 Lohn, U 182 Loumbos, L P 170 Luff, M L 405 Lundbeck, W 10,35-42,58,68,84,91,98,

100-2,123,130,137,154,157,187,198, 276, 281

Lundt, H 23, 183, 184

Mabberley, D ] 124 McAlpme, D K 4, 78 McAlpme,] F 121,294-7 McClure, H E 35, 173 McCrae, A W R 18,33 McDamel,] S 386

MacDonald,] F 39, 42, 83, 84 MacDougall, R S 69 McGovern, T P 391 McGovern, W L 38 MackenzIe, AlII McLennan, D A 12 Macquart,] 130 Maeta, Y 68 Mamx, F 110 Majer,] 0 409 Majerus, MEN 68, 409 MaIm, R G 109,140,141,151 Malloch,] R 9,34,38, 46, 49, 50, 57, 58,

68,78,82,88,91,130,162,187,279, 285, 288

Malo, F 88 Mam, M S 120,173 Manuel, R L 63 Marshall, S A 46, 50, 380, 383 Martell!, G 31, 66, 68, 138 Martm,] E H 294, 297 Maruszewska, U 382 Maschwltz, U 147 Maule, L 172 Matsuda, R 103 May, R 3 Mayr, E 25, 111, 203 Medler,] T 44 Melgen,] W 3, 130 Meljere,] C H de38, 49, 86, 97-8,102,

170 Memander, M 185 Memhardt, W 91 MenhmICk, E F 176, 186 Menozzl, C 66, 68, 81 Mergelsberg, 0 108, 109 Mernt-Hawkes, G A 68 Mertl, H G 416 Meyers,] G 64 Mlchadovskaya, M V 265, 286, 293 MIchl, E 13 MIller, P L 8,20,24,65, 137, 157, 160,

198, 199 M!lne, P S 197 Moencke, V 382 Mjoberg, E 147, 154 Mollon, A 178 Moore, B P 32 Moore, 0 M 400 Moraes,] R E 426 Moreton, B 0 17, 105, 174 Morley, C 34,42,86, 87, 102, 166 Morns, H M 69, 174 Moser,] C 81 Moss, K A G 17,76,80,81 Mourao, C A 99 Moustafa, M A 17,18,106,112,160 Muesebeck, C F W 101 Mukherjee, A B 433

443

AUTHOR INDEX

Muller, G W 100 Muma, M H 62,63, 102, 106 MusIl, G 402

Naumov, A N 282 Nelson,] M 42, 178, 382 Nelson, P E 402 Nenon,]P 418 Neun, S 176,177 Neveu-LemaIre, M 138 New, T R 66, 68 NIelsen, B 0 54 NIelsen, E 78 NIshIda, T 60, 92 Noguelra-Neto, P 44, 73 NOIrot, C 84 Norton, R A 163 Notton, D G 46,92, 100, 101 Nussbaum, Y 38 Nwankltl,O C 58

Oberstem, 0 58 Oda, T 418 O'Donnell, S 111 Ogawa, S 89,90 OkazakI, T 416 Oldroyd, H 1,98,104,201,297,378 Olechowlcz, E 175 Ondraschek, H20, 159 OrosI-Pal, Z 38,39, 72 Orr, M R 76,80,188,201 Orszagh, I 434 Osawa, N 68 Osman, 0 M 437 Ostermeyer, E C 106, 108, 112, 385 Owen, D F 167,198

PaclOlll, G 46 Pamter, H A 33, 386 Panala,] R 437 Panpalroj, S 425 Papp, L 407 Parker, H L 68 Parker, P 380 Parmenter, L 37,49,57,68, 124, 125,

129-31, 154, 167 Parton, A H 390 Paterson, H E 19 Patton, W S 90,91, 106 Pauhan, R 57--60, 270 Payne,] A 35,136,137 Pearson, M C 402 Penner,LR 417 PereIra, C 163 PereIra da SlIva, V 81 Pergande, T 78 Perry,] N 408 Persson, T 182 Pesquero, S 82

444

Peterson, B V 11,267,271,277,290 Petersson, E 434 PhIlhps, R 46 PIcard, F 31, 64 PIckel, B 44 Plenkowskt, R L 106 Plffer, C R 81 PIke, E M 4, 294 PItcher, R S 385 Pomar, G 0 294 POIsson, R 150, 152 Pont, A C 434 Popov, G B 88 Postner, M 100 Portugal A V de 44,155 Potts, G R 175 Powell, R] 400 Prado, A P do 44, 73, 80, 82, 142-53,

266-74, 282-93 Prawlrodlsastro, M 17, 106, 161, 385 Prescher, S 173, 195 Pryanond, P 91 Proctor, M 129 Prys-]ones, 0 E 40, 73 Pugh, C H W 68

RamIrez, W 73 Rana, D 91 Rao, V B 390 Rao, V] 390 Rao, V P 68 Rao, Y R 102,105 Raw, F 427 Read, W H 415 Relchensperger, A 13, 150 Remhard, H 36 Remy, P A 64 Rettenmeyer, C W 38-41,74,77,125,

142-8,188,384 Reyes, 0 F 44, 73 Rhoads, A S 179 Rhodes-]ones, R 90 Rlchards,O W 31,38,42,66,68,84,86,

138, 166 RIChardson, P N 105, 168, 169,385 RIcherson,] V 68 RICOU, G 177 Rldmg, I L 167 Rmker, D L 386 Roberg, D N 34, 200, 385 Roberts, R A 102 Robmson, G E 44 Robmson, W H 10,11,18,30,31,37-42,

45,46,52,54,58,59,62,65,69,71, 86-9,99,105,106,125,186,188,267, 281

Rocha, U F 38, 62, 385 Rohdendorf, B 4, 110 Rohlfien, K 88

AUTHOR INDEX

Ronna, A 73, 106, 129 Rotheray, G E 187 Roublk, D W 21, 43 Roy, D N 90 Royse, D] 436 Ruelle,] E 148, 150 Russell-Smith, A 179 Ryckman, R E 40

Saba, F 66 Sakagaml, S F 432 Salt, G 38, 40, 44, 95, 107, 176, 282 Samson, R A 169 Sandhu, G S 186,386 Sangsook, P 425 Sanousl, S M 437 Sarkar, R K 433 Sasaki, C 53 Sato, N 423 Saunders, L G 172 Schmer,] R 35 Schlee, D 129 Schmitz, H 10, 11, 19, 25, 27, 34-53, 64,

69-82,86-91,95-7,100,104,106,116, 120,124-32,139-57,162,166,170,187, 203, 265-94

Schmutterer, H 30,68, 71 Schneider, S 434 Schroth, M 21,78,268 Schuster,] C 72 Scopoli,] A 2 Scott, H 40,101,162,199 Seevers, C H 143-52,272,291 Seguy, E 166 Seifert, B 79 Semenza, L 17, 106, 112 Sem'yanov, V P 66,68 Semor-Whlte, R 38 Serrao Nogueira, C D 84 Shattuck, S 0 74 Shaw, M R 79 Sheasby,] L 150 Shewell, G E 424 Shlraki, T 151 Sholdt, L L 127 Shorrocks, B 197 Sllvestn, F 9,32,85,110, 145, 146,

149-52,272,274,284,285,291 Simoes, D 73, 74, 106 Smclm, B J 26, 27, 296 Smgh, T S 91 SlVlnski,] 137,157,166 Skidmore, P 35 Sladen, F W L 40, 72 Smith, K G V 35,36,38,54,75, 166,

184, 185, 187, 278 Smith, M R 82 Snetsmger, R J 105, 186, 386 Snyder, T E 148

So, N 416 Soderstrom, T R 126 Sogorb, A 426 Somchoudhury, A K 51,106, 186 S06s, A 407 Spahr, U 294 Spencer, D M 436 Spencer, S 386 Spradbery,] P 42 Spnnger, R 110-13 Stadler, H 187 Stage, H H 179 Steghaus-Kovac, S 19,147 Stone, K J 63, 102, 106 Stork, N E 3 Stowe, M 137 Stradling, D] 76 Streit, B 92, 170 Stncklan, C 90 Stubbs, A 400 Stuckenberg, B R 123,137,150,152 Suchant, S 434 Sutton, B C 414 Sutton, R A 391 Svensson, B G 166 Swezey, 0 H 61 Szadzlewska, M M 178, 381 Szadzlewskl, R 179 SzweJda, J 57

Takeno, K 293 Taylor, E 39 Taylor, L R 188 Teskey, H] 424 Thiede, U 179 Thlenemann, A tol, 170 Thomas, R] 45 Thomson, A J 61 Timon-David,] 88 Tmgle, C C D 384 Toledo, L A 424 Townsend, D S 89 Trager,] C 82 Traut, W 110 TrUitt, G W 200 Trumble,] T 106 Tuck, W H 42 Tumrasvm, W S 17,106 Tuomlkoski, R 70 Tutm, T G 400

Ulnch, H 296 Unwm, D M 408 Upton, M S 387 Urbam, C B 74 Usher, M B 405 Uzenbaev, S D 437

Van Achterberg, C 38, toO, 102, 165

445

AUTHOR INDEX

Van de GeIJn,) 386 Vander Meer, R K 435 Van Emdem, F I 68 Vane-Wnght, R I 202 Van Slype, W 91,106 Van Zaayen, A 105,386 VIckerman, G P 175 Vdla,) 89 Vdlers, C) de 3 Vmcent,) -) 382 Vltzthum, H G 163 Vockeroth,) R 424 Vogt, G B 180 Vutlkes, S 434

Wada, S 8,295 Wakeford, T 281 Waller, D A 81 Walpole, M) 409 Walter, E V 59,199 Wandolleck, B 134 Warburton, C 41 Ward, P S 434 Wasmann, E 79,104,109,110,116,

149-52,291 Watnn, P 37,99,112,196 Watson,) A L 150 Watt,) C 402 Webber,) F 436 Weber, D 172,196 Weber, G 176,177,195 Weber, N A 201 Webster, F M 36,185 Weesner, F M 417 WeIsmann, L 434 WeISS, M A 17,105 Welssmalr, W 196 Wene, G P 59, 199 Wesche, W 138 Wharton, G W 164,165 Wheeler, Q 399 Wheeler, W M 1,42,148 Whitcomb, W H 74, 82

446

White, P F 105,186,196,200,386 WhItfield, D G 381 Whitten,) M 25 WIdmer, W) 417 Wddermuth, V L 88 Wddmg, N 436 Wdlhoeft, U 110 WIlhams, D F 82 WIlhams, E C 179 WIlhams, R N 74, 82 WIlhs, E R 88 WIlson, E 0 74, 109 WIlton, D P 198 Wmder,) A 60,171 Wmn, S E 419 WlSSeman, R W 89, 281 Withers, P 408 WOJCIk, D P 82 Wolf, K W 103 Wood, D A 436 Wood, D M 419,424 Wood,) H 9,57,130,137 Wood, T G 45 Woods, A 408 Wnght, R E 90 Wubbeler, H 174, 182 Wuest, P) 436 Wyatt, I) 20,160 Wyhe, H G 66,68,103,106

Yagl, A I 105 Yakovlev, E B 46-55,91 Y arkulov, F 71, 107 Yeo, P 129 Young, A M 38,42,122,123,129,188,

384

Zaltzev, V F 286 Zanon, A M 403 ZImmermann, G 169 Zucchl, R 432 Zumpt, F 90, 91

Phoridae index

This mdex also serves as a checklist for the authontles for the specific epithets Genera are pnmanly listed 10 section 8 3 (pages 265-94),10 the keys to genera 10 sectIOn 8 2, or the key to fossil genera 10 section 8 4

Acanthophondes A clavlcercus Borgmeler 76 A condel Borgmeler 76 A dlvergens Borgmeler 76 A labldophzlus Borgmeler 77 A longlcornls Borgmeler 77 A pzloslcauda Borgmeler 77

Acontlstoptera A braszilensls Schmitz 142, 143, 221 A hlrsuta Borgmeler 144, 145 A melanderz Brues 144

Adelopteromyza A longlsetosa Schm Itz 143 A parvlpennzs Borgme1er 142, 144, 300 A propznqua Borgmeler 141, 144

Adenophora pulchella Borgmeler 137, 150, 301

Aemulzphora relchenspergen Borgmeler 145 Aenzctacantha setlJera Disney 142, 302, 303 AenzctomYla chapmanz Brues 142 A enzgmatzas

A dornz (Enderlem) 74 A franzl Schmitz 75, 304 A lubbock! (Verrall) 74,304,305,343

Aemgmatnnae 8 Aenzgmatlstes

A Joveolatus Schmitz 7 A herero (Enderlem) 119, 307 A latifrons Schmitz 119, 306 A relchenspergen Schmitz 149

Aenlgmatopoeus A cucullatus Colyer 142, 150, 152 A kohlz Schmitz 142, 306 A orblculans Schmitz 142

Alamlra termltoxenzzans Schmitz 150 Alamlnnae, see Termltoxenl1nae Allochaeta

A longwlzata Borgemeler 139, 145 A metatarsalzs Borgmeler 150

Anevnna A curvznerV15 (Becker) 137,187

A spznlpes (CoqUillett) 187 A sulcatifemur Borgmeler 187 A thoraclca (Melgen)

adults 131,137,157,164 ecology 174,180,186,187,195 pre-adults 91, 99, 102

A unzspznosa (Zetterstedt) 130, 137, 157, 166,180,183

A urbana (Melgen) 91, 137, 154, 177, 180,187

A vanabllzs (Brues) 187 Apocephalus

A angustznervls Borgmeler 79 A antennatus Malloch, 65, 68 A analzs Borgmeler 77 A attophzlus Borgmeler 17, 76, 80, 81 A aztecae Borgmeler 76 A barblcauda Borgmeler 80 A blSpznosus Borgmeler 78 A borealis Brues 63, 73, 84, 308 A camponotl Borgmeler 79 A comatus Borgmeler 77 A coquillettl Malloch 78, 79, 82 A cruClcauda Borgmeler 78 A cultellatus Borgmeler 76 A dubllatus Borgmeler 80 A eCltonzs Borgmeler 77 A Jeenen Disney 81 A znfradentatus Borgmeler 77 A znlmlcus Borgmeler 77 A laceYI Dlsnev 78, 308 A lamellatus Borgmeler 80 A lanceatus Borgmeler 79 A longlstylus Brown 69 A lutelhalteratus Borgmeler 80 A mortifer Borgmeler 65 A mucronatus Borgmeler 78 A nelvaz Borgmeler 80 A normentl Prado 82 A paraponerae Borgmeler 20, 82, 105,

137, 138

PHORIDAE INDEX

Apocephalus cont'd A pergandel CoqUlllctt 78 A persecutor Borgmcler 77 A platypalpls (Borgmclcr) 77 A praedator Borgmcler 77 A quadnglumls Borgmclcr 77 A YlonegrenSlS Borgmclcr 80 A setlVentns Borgmclcr 78, 79 A st/vestYll Borgmcler 76 A s,mi/,s Malloch 78-80 A tenulpes Borgmclcr 81 A wallerae Dlsncy 21, 81 A wheelen Brucs 79

Apodlcrama termltophtla (Borgmelcr) 148, 153

Apterophora A attophtlaBorgmcler41, 142-7, 150 A callgmosa Brucs 142,143,150

Aptmandna effemmata SchmItz 120 Assmuthenum rostratum SchmItz 16-19,

150,309 Auxanomrnatldza

A medlen DIsney 21, 301, 310, 311 A rnyrrnecophtla Borgmeler 7Y

Bactropalpus, see Trophodemus Beckenna

B nudlpleura Borgmeler 257 B urnbnrnargo (Becker) 128, 311

Beckenmm 8 Beyerrnyza spmulzcosta (Beyer) 216,312 BolslUsla termltophzla SchmItz 154 Borgrnelena, sec Neodohrnlphora Borgmelertphora

B grelgae Brown 76 B kernpfi Prado 77 B rnultlsetosa Brown 77

Borophaga B agtlls (McIgcn) 180 B canmfrons (Zetterstcdt) 126, 181 B Jemorata (Melgen) 129 B gerrnamca (SchmItz) 69, 105 B mcrassata (Melgen) 69, 126, 157, 166,

180, 181 B subsultans (Lmnaeus) 161

Burrnophora B angustlfrons (Gota) 154 B rostrata (Borgmelcr) 148

Cataclmusa C buck! SchmItz 148 C pachycondylae (Brues) 42, 148

Ceratoconus C ecztophtlus Borgmeler 144 C setlpennts Borgmeler 147,148

Ceylonoxema C bugnlOm (Wasmann) 19, 151 C huttell (Wasmann) 149

Chaetocnernlstoptera, see Chaetopleurophora

448

Chaetopleurophora C hohernannt (Becker) 37, 123 C erythronota (Strobl) 37, 180,214 C pygldzalls SchmItz 37, 180 C spmoslOr SchmItz 37 C spmOSISSlrna (Strobl) 180

Chetloxema ohesa Delachambre 149 Chelzdophora

C haculzpennts Borgmeler 146 C solenopsldls Borgmeler 146

Chonocephalus C black!thorurn DIsney 60,214,221 C depressus MelJere 38, 51 , 57, 102, 105,

107 C dlrnakae Pauhan 60 C dorsalIs Wandolleck 34 C eCltophzlus Borgmeler & SchmItz 143 C elongatus SchmItz 149 C glohlpygus Borgn1Clcr 57, 124 C heymonsl Stobbe

adults 98,146,149,198,312,313 larvae 41, 47, 51, 59, 60

C hlblSCl Pauhan 57 C rnexlcanus SllvcstrI 142, 145 C pallzdulus Beyer 60 C secundus SchmItz 124 C 5lrnlOlus Beyer 60 C suhglaber Bohart 60 C wlrthorum DIsney 57,60, 122

Cltrago, see Trtphleba Clltelloxema

C aS5muthl (Wasmann) 138, 151 C hemlcyelza. (SchmItz) 13, 16, 20, 32,

103,104,107,140,151,189 C longlceps (SchmItz) 151 C peradentyae (Wasmann) 19, 136, 149,

151,152,316 Coffin fly, see Com cera tIbialIS Colobomeles rambol Borgmcler 144 Comrnoptera

C affints Borgmeler 144 C COCCI Borgmeler 143 C ecztonts Borgmeler 144, 145 C pygrnaea Borgmeler 143 C set!Ventm Borgmelcr 143 C solenopsld,s Brues 146

Contcera C crasslcosta DIsney 173, 314, 315 C daucl Melgen 54, 100, 123, 124,

128-31,164-6,177,208 C floncola SchmItz 91, 130, 131, 173,

176, 180, 186, 187, 196 C Jorrnosensls Brucs 37, 57, 107, 197 C malae DIsney 314 C rnegalodus Schmitz 164, 173 C schnlttrnanm SchmItz 128,130,314 C slrntl,s (Hahday) 34, 35, 42, 48, 51,56,

130,131,137,157,165,173,174 C tarsal,s Schmitz 180

PHORIDAE INDEX

C tlbtalls SchmItz 1, 23, 34-6, 92,130,137,173,183-7

COnlceromyta C )Usca Borgmeler 147 C latlmana (Malloch) 167

Con files, see Dlplonevra mortlmen, D watsonl

Condophora C convexa Schmitz 272 C nlgrlVentns, synonym ofC convexa C semlClmex Schmitz 142

Crasllla C longlseta Disney 151, 318 C setlfera Disney 140, 151, 317

Cremersta C australIs Borgmeler 77 C braszilensls Borgmeler 77 C costaizs Borgmeler 77 C crasslspma Borgmeler 77 C longlpes Borgmeler 77 C pziosa Borgmeler 77 C salestana Borgmeler 77 C setltarsus Borgmeler 77 C Splnlcosta (Malloch) 77,143 C spmoslsslma Borgmeler 77

Cnnophleba, see Burmophora Cryptophora

C coeca Borgmeler 152 C colomblae Seevers 152

Dacnophora D leglOnls Borgmeler 77, 144, 145 D setlthorax Borgmeler 77,143

Dahllphora slgmoldes Schmitz 319 Darwmlphora mtegrlCliza (Schmitz) 153 Dlcranodema extravagans Schmitz 153 Dlcranopteron

D brevzforca Disney and KIstner 151 D emersonl Borgmeler 117, 151 D ollgoseta Disney and KIstner 19, 117,

152 D phziotermes SchmItz 19, 150, 151 D setlpennlS Disney and Kistner 19, 85,

117,151,152,320 DlOcophora

D appretIata (Schmitz) 76--9, 321 D dlspartftons Borgmeler 76--9 D modesta Borgmeler 79 D tnchogaster Borgmeler 78

Dlplonevra D abbrevlata (von Roser) 6, 180, 322 D angustlpennls Schmitz 153 D armlpes (Brues) 38 D assmuthl (Schmitz) 153 D concmna (Melgen) 42,166,180 D fiorea (FabricIUs) 19,124,127-30,

136, 137, 180, 322 D funebm (Melgen)

adults 123,126, 128-31, 137,322

ecology 173-7, 190, 192 larvae 42, 83, 84

D glabra SchmItZ 128, 130, 167 D gynaptera Fuller and Lee 150 D Impressa (BorgmeIer) 173 D mortlmen DIsney 16, 19, 21, 22, 32,

85, 105, 153, 154, 199 D nltldula (Melgen)

adults, 123, 126--31, 134, 137, 157, 163,219,322

ecology 173--7, 180, 190 larvae 62

D oldenbergl (Schmitz) 101 D peregnna (WIedemann) 35, 173 D ptlosella SchmItz 62, 130, 173--7, 180,

181,190 D predlcta DIsney 219 D unlsetalls SchmItz 180 D watsonl Disney 16, 19-22, 32, 85,

153,154,199,322 Dlplostylocera jisslcornls Borgmeler 153 Dohrnlphora

D anterospmalls Borgmeler 153 D caml DIsney 137,153,154,165 D corn uta (Bigot)

adults, 20,124,134-9,147,153-6, 160, 218, 323, 385

development 103, 105, 107 ecology 171-3, 198, 201 eggs 17 larvae 25,31,37-41, 58, 70, 87, 90, 91 pupae 97, 99

D correlata Borgmeler 153 D curvlspmosa Borgmeler 148,153 D dlmmuens (Schmitz) 20, 45, 47, 153,

154,324 D dlVancata (AldrIch) 153, 173 D ecztophtla Borgmeler 41, 148 D femoralls Borgmeler 148 D jishen DIsney 38 D fraudans (Beyer) 133 D )Usclcoxa Borgmeler 148, 153 D gzi bert! Disney 137, 153, 154 D heptacantha Borgmeler 153 D mCIsuralls (Loew) 134, 137 D mtrusa Borgmeler 153 D klstnerz DIsney 147, 323 D lugens Borgmeler 173 D lutetftons Borgmeler 153 D maddlsonl DIsney 155, 156 D myersl (Brues) 153 D obscunventYls Borgmeler 153 D paolI I (Schmitz) 38 D paraguayana (Brues) 148, 153 D perplexa (Brues) 46 D rhmotermltls Schmitz and MJoberg 154 D schmltzl Kohl 154 D transformata SchmItz 154 D trudtae DIsney 323

449

PHORIDAE INDEX

Dohrntphora cont'd D vorax SchmItz 47, 137, 153, 154

Dundophora fimbYllterga SchmItz 151,324

Echldnophora bUttell SchmItz 140,141,151, 152

ECltomyta E brevlpennts Borgmeler 144, 145 E Juxtapostta Borgmeler 147 E longlpennts Borgmeler 144, 146, 147 E luteola Borgmeler and SchmItz 143,

144,147 E mannt Brues 145 E mtnuscula Borgmeler and SchmItz 147 E ocellata Borgmeler 145 E wheelen Brues 143, 144

ECltophora E brevlptera DIsney 144, 145,325 E bruchl SchmItz 41, 142, 143, 145 E collegtana Borgmeler 41, 142-4, 325 E comes SchmItz 141-4 E costancensls Brues 142, 143 E fosclpalpls SchmItz 144 E lutelpalpls SchmItz 144 E parva Schmitz 41, 143-5 E ptlosula Borgmeler 143, 144 E vartans Borgmeler 143, 144

ECl top tera E central,s Borgmeler 142, 143 E ctl,ata Borgmeler 142--4 E concomltans (Borgmeler and Schmitz)

142,143,145 E cordobensls Borgmeler 143-5 E humeralts Borgmeler 143,144,326 E malOr SchmItz 144 E mlcrops Borgmeler 145 E parallela Borgmeler 152 E proboSCldalts Borgmeler 145 E schmttzl Borgmeler 142, 144, 150 E subctllata Borgmeler 142-5 E truncatlpenntS Borgmeler 143,144

ECltuncula E aptera SchmItz 143 E glandulans Borgmeler 143,145 E halterata Borgmeler 41, 142-5 E tnqulrenda (SIlvestrI) 152 E longlptlosa Borgmeler 143, 145 E mlcrops Borgmeler 143 E tarsalts Borgmeler 41, 142-4

Edaphomyta, see Cortdophora Eplcnemls

E fiavldula (Brues) 326, 327 E testIs Borgmeler 326, 328

Euryphora madagascarensls SchmItz 145 Euryplatea eldmannt SchmItz 145 Eutermlphora abdomtnalls Lea 117, 150, 329

Franssenta F hlrundella SchmItz 119, 151

450

F malaystae DIsney 152, 328 F rocheorum DIsney 119, 140, 141, 151,

152 F termyca DIsney 151

Godavarta, see Borophaga Gymnophora

G aemula Borgmeler 148 G arcuata (Melgen) 180, 199, 330 G commotrta SchmItz 153 G healeyae DIsney 190, 220 G Integralls SchmItz 180 G lutelventns SchmItz 37, 105, 133 G ntgrtpennts SchmItz 130,180 G quartomollts SchmItz 135, 180, 181,

199,330 Gymnoptera

G longlcostal,s SchmItz 40, 125, 130, 131,330

G mollusclVora (Bohart)105 G neotroplca Borgmeler 38 G omntalls (MeIJere) 37, 107 G vltrtpennts (Melgen) 40, 72, 84, 130,

187 Gymnoselta, see Rhynchomlcropteron

Haplophleba ntgrtcans SchmItz 153 Hexacantherophora cohabttans SchmItz 142 Holoptenna longlpalpls Borgmeler 148 Homalophora

H attae Borgmeler 145 H eplchaeta Borgmeler 142, 144 H metae Seevers 150 H relchenspergen Borgmeler 149

Hypocera mordellarta (Fallen) 180, 329, 331 Hyp ocen des

H nearctlcus Borgmeler 331,332 H pterostlgma SchmItz 148

Hypogeophora macrothrtx Got6 118, 146

IdlOphora termttoxena (Seevers) 149 Indoxenta

I helml (Wasmann) 151,152 I wasmannt SchmItz 151

Irtdophora clarki DIsney 11, 21, 23, 76, 332, 333

Javanoxenta J franssent SchmItz 151 J georgel (DIsney) 277, 371 J punctlventns (SchmItz) 13, 20, 45, 47,

85, 103, 107, 140, 151 ecology 187, 189

Kerophora, see Megaselta

Latlborophaga, see Borophaga Lenkoa aurtta Borgmeler 147 LepldophoromYla

L lablda DIsney 144, 335

PHORIDAE INDEX

L ztkam (Borgmeler) 143, 145, 147, 149

Macrocendes neIVat Borgmeler 78 Macultphora

M aemctophtla Disney 19, 120, 121, 142, 217, 334, 336

M settfera Disney 336 Me,Raselta

M abdttaSchmltz36,37, 101, 134, 139, 385

M aculeata (Schmitz) 173 M aequalts (Wood)

adults 128,161,162,167 ecology 173-6, 181, 187, 190 pre-adult 30, 62, 99, 105

M a,RanCt (Lmtner) 46, 84, 105, 186, 196,200,386

M albtcans (Wood) 55,56 M alhtcaudata (Wood) 129,162,172 M alboctn,Rulata (Strobl) 128 M alettae (Comstock)

eggs 17 larvae 38, 40, 42, 44, 65, 69, 83, 87,105 pupa 102, 105

M alsea Robinson 89 M alttfrons(Wood) 174,180 M ampullosa Borgmeler 148 M analts (Lundbeck) 161 M an,Reitcae (Wood) 130 M annuitpes (Schmitz) 181 M anomaloter,Ra Disney 95, 96, 171 M arachnophtla (Borgmeler) 63 M araneIVora Got6 63 M ar,RlOpepha,Ra Disney 27,29,63 M aYlettna Disney 57, 58, 84, 136, 199 M amttca (Schmitz) 280 M amtolochtae Prado 59, 124 M armata (Wood) 54, 56 M audreyae Disney 5, 140 M aurea (Aldrich) 37,38, 112, 123, 124,

148,157 M badta Schmitz 130, 165, 220 M barbulata (Wood) 215 M berndsem (Schmitz) 46--56, 129, 130 M btarttculata Disney 209, 217 M htlobata (Borgmeler) 153 M hIVestcata Schmitz 26, 27, 171, 172 M bovtsta (Glmmerthal) 20, 46, 54, 56,

100, 101 M brevtcostalts (Wood)

adults 123-31, 136, 165, 166 ecology 173-6, 190, 192 larvae 37

M brevlOr (Schmitz) 129 M hrevlsslma (Schmitz) 19 M brevlter,Ra (Lundbeck) 37, 180 M hYlanbrowm Disney 280 M brokawl Disney 71, 280, 334

M hruchtana (Borg meier and Schmitz) 148

M cambodlae (Borgmeler) 171 M campylonympha (Schmitz) 95, 97,

163, 171 M cavermcola (Brues) 69, 173 M chaeto,Raster Borgmeler 153 M chaetoneura (Malloch) 50 M chatnensls Disney 18, 71, 99, 105 M chapmam Borgmeler 38 M chlumettae Disney 88, 206, 279 M Clltata (Zetterstedt)

adults 112,127-31,161,162,208 ecology 173-6, 181, 187, 190 larvae 62

M ctnerea Schmitz 180 M ctnere/frons (Strobl) 54, 56 M clemonsl Disney 128 M coel Schmitz 125,130 M colltnt (Wood) 128 M compressa Borgmeler 37 M conformts (Wood) 124, 127 M confortata Schmitz 153 M corre/ata (Schmitz) 180, 181 M curtI costa Borgmeler 42 M curttneura (Brues)

adults, 102, 105, 107, 114, 167 larvae 19, 38

M curttnotdes Disney 167 M declplens (MeIJere) 171 M demngl Disney

ecology 171, 172 eggs 13, 15 larvae and pupae 26, 27, 91, 92, 102,

206 M dens lOr Schmitz 88 M dentata Disney 19, 60, 72 M destructor (Malloch) 38 M dlmtdta Schmitz 136, 174 M dlptychogastra (Schmitz) 64, 279 M dlSCrepans (Beyer) 281 M dlscreta (Wood) 48, 55, 56, 130 M dIVersa (Wood) 181 M durskae Disney 180 M etsfelderae Schmitz 51-3,56,101 M e!on,Rata (Wood) 31,64 M enderletm (Brues) 148 M equttans Schmitz 140 M exorbltans (Borgmeler) 279 M jicaYla Disney 60, 72 M jishen (Malloch) 37 M fiava (Fallen) 48-56, 100, 101, 132,

180 M fiavtcans Schmitz 47-56 M fiavlcoxa (Zetterstedt) 30, 70, 164,

190,192 M frameata Schmitz 50,53-7, 132 M frontalIs (Wood) 187 M fun,Rtcola (CoqUillett) 54, 125

451

PHORIDAE INDEX

Megaselw cont'd M jimglvora (Wood) 180 M furukawae Disney 51 M fosca (Wood) 34 M foscmervls (Wood) 62, 93-5, 101, 133,

180 M foscmula (Schmitz) 42 M glraudl! (Egger)

adults, 128, 130, 165 ecology 174, 176, 181, 187, 201 pre-adult 30-42, 49, 50, 56, 57, 84-88,

100 M glabnftons (Wood) 162 M gOldanrchl Schmitz 38 M gombakenm Disney 171, 172 M gotol Disney 47 M grammlcola (Borgmeler) 123, 126 M gregalls (MeIJere) 102, 171 M halterata (Wood)

adults 132-6,139,159,160,163,164, 167-9

development 105, 108, 112 ecology 174, 186-8, 196, 199,200 eggs 9,11,15-20 larvae 45, 46, 56, 92 methods 382, 385, 386 pupae 99,102

M hartenr Disney 19,136 M hlbernans Schmitz 162 M h,rsuta (Wood) 130 M h,rt,crus (Schmitz) 132 M h,rt,ventns (Wood) 46,47, 50, 55, 56,

100,101,174 M humlda Disney 26, 33, 171, 172, 212 M hyallpennrs (Wood) 54,56 M mvoluta (Wood) 128,130 M Iroquowna (Malloch) 46 M Javlcola (Beyer) 62 M Jorgensls Disney 139 M Julr (Brues) 64 M kanekol Disney 47 M kanol Disney 53 M kodongl Disney 81, 157 M kovaCl Disney 13, 15,27, 171 M lablata Borgmeler 153 M lanceolata (Borgmeler) 34 M larglftontalrs Schmitz 162 M lata (Wood) 46-52,56, 162, 181 M latlftons (Wood) 130 M latlOr Schmitz 49, 51, 56, 128, 162 M lat'palp's (Schmitz) 136 M lrmburgensls (Schmitz) 34, 57 M longlcostalls (Wood)

adults 116, 118, 129, 134, 136, 162 ecology 174, 175, 178, 191-5,383 pre-adult 19, 106

M longlpennrs (Malloch) 46-53, 196 M lucrftons (Schmitz) 132, 176 M lummrftons (Schmitz) 70

452

M lutea (Melgen) 47-52, 55-7, 180 M lutelcauda (Borgmeler) 64 M lutelzona (Borgmeler) 64 M lutescens (Wood) 49, 52, 101 M mallochl (Wood) 70,83,127,129 M malvmasensls Disney 19 M manrcata (Wood) 128-30,162,172 M maranguensls Beyer 133 M margmalrs (Malloch) 69 M maura (Wood) 49, 52, 56 M meconrcera (Speiser) 34, 162, 199 M melanocephala (von Roser) 63, 172 M mlcrocurtmeura Disney 19,169,206 M mmlseta Disney 19 M mmor (Zetterstedt) 130 M mmuta (Aldnch) 84, 187 M mmutlor Borgmeler 170, 172 M mlxta (Schmitz) 48,55,56,161 M murakamll Disney 50 M nasonr (Malloch) 63, 64, 130, 136,

161,181 M necrophaga (Enderlem) 38 M nepenthlna Schmitz 171, 215 M nrgra (Melgen)

adults 133, 136 ecology 186, 189, 196 methods 386 pre-adults 18, 20, 30, 37, 45-7, 50,

54-6,92,100,101,106 M nrgrrcauda Beyer 154,165 M nrgnceps (Loew) 38, 124, 155, 173 M obscunpennrs (Wood) 70, i 12 M okazakI! Disney 49 M oprilOnldls Borgmeler 64 M orestes Borgmeler 171 M orgaoa Disney 19 M oxybelorum Schmitz 15, 19,44,88 M pagel Disney 19,147 M palmenr (Becker) 131, 154 M paludosa (Wood) 30, 70, 71, 114 M parasrtlca (Malloch) 88 M parranae (Borgmeler) 123, 126 M parrcostalrs Schmitz 153 M parnassla Disney 127 M parva (Wood) 161 M parvorata Disney 19, 60, 72, 138 M pauculltrncta Beyer 38 M pectoral,s (Wood) 129, 132, 174, 176 M perdIta (Malloch) 38, 88, 123, 124 M persecutnx Schmitz 78 M petersenr Disney 125, 279 M p,cta (Lehmann) 180 M pleuralls (Wood)

adults 5, 124, 126, 130-3, 157, 166, 167

ecology 173-6,180,182,187,190-5 larvae 34, 69 methods 384

M plunspmulosa (Zetterstedt) 50, 56, 130

PHORIDAE INDEX

M plutel Borgmeler 51 M polyponcola Borgmeler 54 M postlcata (Strobl) 130, 174 M praeacuta (Schmitz) 39 M proptnqua (Wood) 128, 176 M pseudobrevlor Disney 19, 125, 128,

129, 167 M pultcana (Fallen)

adults 114,115,124-33,136,137, 161, 164-6

ecology 173-6,180,181 eggs 19 larvae 49, 55, 56, 63, 64, 91

M pumtla (Melgen) 127, 162 M pustlla (Melgen) 165, 174, 176, 190 M pygmaea (Zetterstedt) 50, 56, 161 M rubella (SchmItz) 46-56, 157 M rubescens (Wood) 48-56 M rubncornls (SchmItz) 17,65, 99, 106,

138 M rufa (Wood) 30, 71,180 M ruficornls (Melgen) 34, 37, 38, 84,

136, 180 M rufipes (Melgen)

adults 31,127, 130, 139, 162, 164, 167,379

ecology 172,183,187,196,201, 386

larvae 25, 28-42, 46-51, 54-58, 69, 84-8, 92

pupae 94,99-103 M saprophaga Borgmeler 173 M scalam (Loew)

adults 31, 113, 116, 118, 123, 124, 137, 153, 154, 159, 160

development 103, 106-12 ecology 171, 173, 186, 196-201, 385 eggs 11-19 larvae 28-34, 37-42, 47, 51, 57-9, 62,

65, 85, 88-93 pupae 99

M schultemaken (Schmitz) 26, 92, 97, 101, 163, 171

M sClanClda SchmItz 70 M scutellans (Wood) 46-57, 101 M sembell DIsney 19, 157, 199 M setacea (Aldnch) 38 M setana (Malloch) 127 M setlcauda (Malloch) 57, 59 M slbylla Borgmeler 125 M stnuata SchmItz 114, 124, 128, 132,

162 M sordlda (Zetterstedt) 125 M sphtnx Borgmeler 41 M sptnlClncta (Wood) 49, 56 M sptnolabella DIsney 114 M splraculam Schmitz 13, 90 M stenoterga DIsney 15, 19,210 M styloprocta Schmitz 280

M submargtnalls (Malloch) 18, 30, 69, 99,106

M subnudlpennts (Schmitz) 125, 128,213 M subpyncornls Beyer 281 M subtumlda (Wood) 162, 210 M subultcauda Schmitz 82 M SUIS Bohart 35 M superctllata (Wood) 126, 162 M surophtla Disney 60, 72 M sylvatlca (Wood) 50,51,56 M tama (SchmItz) 181 M tarsalls (Wood) 181 M tenebncola SchmItz 166 M tenertpes SchmItz 172, 173 M termltomyca DIsney 47, 154,212 M toba/ca (SchmItz) 101, 171 M tmtls (BorgmeIer) 280 M tumlda (Wood) 133, 180,382 M ullgtnosa (Wood) 53,56 M urstna (Malloch) 39, 172 M ustlcolor (Borgmeler) 64 M valvata Schmitz 129 M vanana Schmitz 124 M verdensls Disney 19 M vernaliS (Wood) 133, 162 M vmlts (Schmitz) 48-50, 56 M vorata DIsney 60, 72, 135, 138, 139 M wtnnemanna (Malloch) 58, 99, 106 M xanthozona (Strobl) 125, 129, 172, 173 M zanaenSIS DIsney 47, 154 M zonata (Zetterstedt) 162

MegaselllnI 8, 135 Melaloncha

M clavata SchmItz 74 M flava Borgmeler 73 M genttalls Borgmeler 124 M ronnal Borgmeler 72-4, 106, 129 M stnlstra Borgmeler 73,106, 112 M zlkant Borgmeler 129

Melluophora saltl Brues 44 MenozzlOla

M obscunpes (Schmitz) 337 M schmltzl (MenozzI) 22, 78, 81, 99

Mesopathusa M cloven DIsney 150, 338 M hlrta Schmitz 150-2 M modesta DIsney 151,152,282,337,

338, 342 Mesophora, see Megaseha Metoptna

M ClCert Disney adults 6, 110, 113, 115, 118, 342 pre-adult 27, 29, 59, 98

M crasstnerVls SChmItz 339 M formlcomendlcola SchmItz 101, 139,

146 M galeata (Hahday) 19, 177 M heselhausl Schmitz 126,128,157,

172, 183, 184

453

PHORIDAE INDEX

Metoptna com'd M ohsoleta Beyer 154 M oltgoneura (Mlk)

adults 123-31,157,295 ecology 172-7, 181, 186, 190, 195,

196 larvae 35, 57

M photophtia, see Xamonotum M ptleata SchmItz 130, 174 M psoClformts (SIlvestn) 110, 145, 149 M subarcuata Borgmeler 137 M ulncht DIsney 130,181 M ztkam Borgmeler 153

Metopmmae 8, 297 Metoplmm 8 Mlcroplatyphora congolemls Schmitz 147 Mlcroselza

M heaven DIsney 209, 340 M bmgatIa DIsney 339-41 M deemmgl DIsney 78 M YlVlerae SchmItz 78 M southwoodl DIsney 79, 180 M texana DIsney 79,81, 82

Mlsotermes exenteram SchmItz 16, 85, 95, 96, 153

Molltcauda, see Megaselta Multmevra macropygldla DIsney 343, 344 Musca aternma FabnclUs (synonym) 3 Musca Jestmam Scopoh 2 Myoptomyta harmam DIsney 147, 345 Myrtophora, see Megaselta Myrmomyta

M brachymyrmeClS Silvestn 145 M mgrofiava (Borgmeler) 150

MyrmoslcaYluS M htartlculatus Borgmeler 77 M cathaYlnenSlS Borgmeler 80 M crudells Borgmeler 81, 82 M cuspldatus Borgmeler 80 M dlabollcus Borgmeler 82 M gractZlpes Borgmeler 80 M grandlcorms Borgmeler 77,81 M mfestam Borgmeler 80 M persecutor Borgmeler 80 M tarstpenms Borgmeler 80 M texan us (Greene) 81

Necpemsa tmglet (DIsney) 346, 347, 352 Neodohmtphora

N acromyrmecis Borgmeler 80, 81 N curvmervls (Malloch) 80, 81,188 N dec/mata Borgmeler 80, 81

Neopleurophora, see Chaetopleurophora

ObscuYlphora sheppardt DIsney 180, 181, 348

Odontoxellla brevIyostYlS SchmItz 13, 20, 47, 103,104,107,151,187,189

Oltgophora palltda SIlvestn 149

454

Pachyneurella P blcolor (Borgmeler and SchmItz) 149,

150 P mtlda (Malloch) 143

Palplclavma P ktstnen DIsney 150, 349-51 P tonkmensls Sllvestn 149, 351

ParaphlOchaeta, see Megaselta Paratermltoxema coatom Beyer 149 Paurophora borgmelert Sllvestn 152 Pelldnophora schmltzt Borgmeler 148 Pwthaplus extils SchmItz 150 PeYlcye/ocera, see Megaselta PerlSSa paktstanensis Borgmeler 316 Pertttophora coutuYleYl DIsney 352 Peromltra, see Borophaga Phalacrotophora

P berolmensls SchmItz adults 23,31,138,154,157,159,353 ecology 181, 197 pre-adult 23,65-7,92,99, 103, 106,

112 P braunsl (Brues) 65, 74 P epetrae (Brues) 63, 102, 106 P fosctata (Fallen)

adults 23, 31,138,157,159 ecology 181,197 pre-adult 18, 23, 31,65-7,92,99, 112

P haltctorum (Melander and Brues) 154 P mdzana Colyer 68 P longtfrons (Brues) 84, 166 P nedae (Malloch) 68 P quadYlmaculata SchmItz 66, 68, 107,

202 P prumosa Borgmeler 74

Pheldolomyza P alpma SchmItz 146 P soda Its Borgmeler 146 P spmOStSSlma Borgmeler 145

Phora P aterrrma (FabnclUs) (synonym) 3 P atra (McIgen) 3, 35, 125, 128-31, 133,

154,157,167,181 P dubta (Zctterstedt) 131 P edentata SchmItz 130, 180, 181 P greenwoodt DIsney 180 P holosencea SchmItz 71, 107, 131, 157,

174 P pentClllata SchmItz 131, 218 P pYlSca Got6 137 P publpes SchmItz 131 P stlctlca Melgen 129-31, 154, 157, 164 P tmcta SchmItz 130,133,166,181

Phonnae 8 PlacophoYlna obtecta Borgmeler 142, 146,

147 Plastophora, see Megaselta PlastophoYldes

P bequaertt Beyer 81

PHORIDAE INDEX

P glgantochloae Disney 171 P setullcmcta Beyer 354, 355

Plectanocnema nudlpes (Becker) 353, 356 Plethysmochaeta

P couvreun Schmitz 38 P marmorata Schmitz 37 P mollusclVora, synonym of P tnnervIs P nobrlls Schmitz 38 P semrlutea, synonym of P couvreun P tnnervIs (SchmItZ) 37, 57, 148 P vectabrlls (Brues) 38, 61

Postoptlca platypezoldea Disney 353, 356 Pradea mlqua Borgmeler 77 Proclmlella hostrlls Borgmeler 80 Pseudacteon

P affinrs Borgmeler 82 P antlguensls (Malloch) 82 P arcuatus Borgmeler 82 P borgmelCYl Schmitz 78, 79, 82 P hrevlcauda Schmitz 81, 209 P brownr Disney 82 P californIensIs Disney 76 P comatus Borgmeler 82 P convexlcauda Borgmeler 79, 82 P crawfordl CoqUlllett 82 P cultellatus Borgmeler 82 P cumel (Malloch) 76 P curvatus Borgmeler 82 P dentlger Borgmeler 82 P dorymyrmecls Borgmeler 76 P formlcarum (Verrall) 20, 76, 79, 81, 82 P grandls Greene 22, 82 P Javensls (Brues) 76 P lenkol Borgmeler and Prado 82 P lrtoralls Borgmeler 82 P longlcauda Borgmeler and Prado 82 P lundbeckr Schmitz 79 P lusllanus Schmitz 79 P nocens Borgmeler 82 P nudlcorn!s Borgmeler 82 P ohtusus Borgmeler 82 P onyx Steyskal 81 P pradel Borgmeler 82 P puslllus Borgmeler 76 P sImplex Borgmeler 77 P solenopsldls (Schmitz) 82 P spatulatus (Malloch) 82, 115, 357 P tYlCUSPIS Borgmeler 82 P wasmannr (Schmitz) 82

Pseudohypocera P kerteszl (Enderlem)

adults 155, 357 pre-adult 18, 38, 40, 44, 73, 74, 95,

107,112 Pseudometopma goeletl (Gnmaldl) 295 Pseudotermltoxenra nllobel Shlrab 151 Psyllomyza

P braunsl Schmitz 142, 343, 358 P myrmecophrla Schmitz 142

P patnzlI Schmitz 142 P testacea Loew 142

Ptochomyra P afra Silvestn 149, 347 P altlcola Schmitz 149 P cummmgae Disney 347,359, 360

PullClmyra P pauxllla Borgmeler 147 P tnangulans Borgmeler 41, 142

PullClphora P anceps Schmitz 150 P heaven Disney 149~52, 160 P becken MelJere 38 P bolton! Disney 17,19,78,145 P bonnquenensls Wheeler

adults 24, 137, 142~5, 149, 150, 159, 160

ecology 173, 198, 200 eggs 17,19,20,24 larvae 34, 38-41, 47, 57, 59, 65

P collmsl Disney 17,19,85,86,149,152 P coptotermltum Disney 149 P cubensls (Brues) 145 P decachete Schmitz 149~51 P exachatma Disney 38 P Jenestrata Borgmeler 142 P frlvola Borgmeler 142, 143 P gracrils Borgmeler 144, 147 P Imbenlla Borgmeler 142 P mcerta S!lvestn 146 P mterrupta Borgmeler 147 P Jacobsonorum Disney 19, 150 P knrghtl Disney 147, 361 P leglOn!s Borgmeler 144 P longlpes (Schmitz and MJoberg)

147 P 11<CIfera Dahl 34, 38, 124 P lunans Borgmeler 143 P malae Disney 19, 167 P meneghettll Schmitz 142 P mlcrophthalma (Schmitz and MJoberg)

147 P myrmecophrla Brues 145 P obtecta MelJere 38 P owdentalls Melander and Brues 38,

197 P palllcauda Schmitz 38, 151 P plaCIda Borgmeler 143 P pulex Dahl 38, 85, 149~51 P rata Borgmeler 142 P roSCI Disney 19,146,147,361 P rufipes SJiva Figueroa 19, 38, 42,143,

144,152,358 P tambopata Disney 19,150 P termllum Schmitz 150, 151 P togata Schmitz 17, 19, 38, 152 P tokyoensls K moshlta 159 P tnsclenta Semor-White 38 P veloClpes (Schmitz) 151

455

PHORIDAE INDEX

RazorJemora nussbauml DIsney 289, 361, 362

Rhabdomyra R krstnerorum DIsney 151, 362, 363 R setosa (Brues) 145 R spmosa (Brues) 145

Rhynchomlcropteron R aphldiforme SchmItz and MJoberg 147 R beaven DIsney 363 R caecutlens SchmItz 145 R mlcraphldlforme DIsney 146 R necaphldiforme DIsney 19, 147,364 R nepal ens IS DIsney 19, 120 R nudlVenterPapp 17,19,40,41,142,

147 R pullciforme Annandale 147 R srlvestnl DIsney 149

Rhyncophoromyra R conrca (Malloch) 78, 157 R gymnopleura Borgmeler 79 R maculmeura Borgmeler 76,79, 137 R splnrpleura Borgmeler 137 R tnvlttata Malloch 137

Sphrnctomyra aenrgmatlca Borgmeler 144 Splnrphora

S atYlcostata SchmItz 38 S bergenstamml (Mlk)

adults 100---3, 137,209,377 ecology 180,181,187,201 larvae 38

S consplcua Colyer 38 S dorsalIs (Becker) 38, 100-2, 180 S excIsa (Becker) 38 S genrtalls SchmItz 38, 107, 197 S Jugorum (SchmItz) 130, 131 S maculata (Melgen) 38, 101 S punctlpennrs (Zetterstedt) 38 S sIgnata (SchmItz) 38, 101 S strobil (Becker) 38, 130, 131

Stenoneurellys latlceps Borgmeler 80 Stethopathusa corporaall SchmItz 147 Stlchlllus

S brunnelcoYnls Beyer 290 S rnsperatus (Brues) 72 S Japonrcus (Matsumura) 290

Styletta crocea Borgmeler 76 Syneura coCClphtla (CoqUlllett) 71 Syntermltoxenra

S aplogaster SchmItz 151, 152, 365 S JaegersklOeldl (Wasmann) 151 S latlptera (DIsney) 291, 365, 366 S lewIsI (DIsney) 291, 365, 366 S pseudonanna SchmItz 101,151

Syntermophora mlcrophthalma Seevers 152

Termltomyta mlrabtlls (Wasmann) 152 Termltophrlomyta

456

T braunsl (Wasmann) 115,151,152, 189, 367, 368

T graCIlIs (Relchensperger) 109, 141, 150---2

T leleupl (SchmItz) 151 TermltophoYldes

T heterosprnalls Borgmeler 149 T setlgerBorgmeler 149,152

Termltophorma a}Ylcana Borgmeler 149 Termltosagma hennrngsl Relchensperger

140,141,150,151,292,367 Termltoscrofa

T breVIS Delachambre 149 T pmguIsslma SchmItz 150

Termltosphaera T jletchen (Wasmann) 149 T Immaculata Borgmeler 151

Termltostroma T lVorenSIS Delachambre 32,149,152 T mergelsbergl SchmItz 150 T peckorum (DIsney and Peterson) 292,

369 T relchenspergeYl SchmItz 151 T schmltzl ReIChensperger 150,151

Termrtoxenta T formosana Shlrakt 151 T havrlandl Wasmann 13, 151 T ollgoseta (DIsney) 292, 367, 370

Termltoxennnae 4,8, 10, 13, 20, 32, 99, 103, 104, 108-10, 116, 187,384, 385

Thalloptera T blSlnuosa Borgmeler 142, 152 T comes Borgmeler 143 T emargmata SchmItz 144 T Imbecllla Borgmeler 143,144 T nevermannr Borgmeler 143 T quadnglumls Borgmeler and SchmItz

143 T schwarzmaleYl Borgmeler 142-144 T sebastlanl Borgmeler 143 T sOClalls Borgmeler 145

Thaumatoxena T andrelnll SIlvestrI 120, 150,372,

373 T grassel SchmItz 150, 152,374 T nudlstnga DIsney 150 T prloslOr SchmItz 150 T polytncha SchmItz 149 T unlsprna DIsney 150 T wasmannl Breddm and Borner 150

Thaumatoxenmae 4, 8, 298 Tranopeltoxenos mannr Brues 147 Trrphleba

T alpestYls (SchmItz) 131 T antrrcoia (SchmItz) 34, 172, 196 T aptma (Schmer) 34, 172, 196 T autumnalls (Becker) 180,183,196 T blcoYnuta (Strobl) 34, 130, 131

PHORIDAE INDEX

T Cltretjormls (Becker) 123, 127, 130, 131,382

T collml Schmitz 6 T d,sparmerv,s (Schmitz) 130 T dlstmguenda (Strobl) 128-133, 164,

165, 183 T dudar (Schmitz) 183 T graCIl,s (Wood) 180 T hyalmata (Melgen) 37, 99, 112, 137,

196 T mtermedw (Malloch) 128, 177 T latlcosta Borgmeler 41 T lugubns (Melgen) 39, 72, 83, 84, 99,

108, 129, 187 T mlcyocephala (Loew) 196 T mmuta (FabrICIus) 49 T nudlpalpls (Becker)

adults 123,124,127,129,131,164, 205

ecology 173-7,180,183,184,190, 199

pre-adult 24, 33, 35, 61 T opaca(Melgen)37, 127, 129, 166 T papdlata (Wingate) 129, 180 T subfosca (Malloch) 137 T tnnerVI5 (Becker) 148 T tumldula (SchmItz) 180

Trophlthauma portentum SchmItz 293 Trophodemus spatulatu5 (Borgmeler) 148 Tropophleba vanans SchmItz 153 TruCldophora

T camponotl (Brown) 78, 80, 112 T ewardurskae (DIsney) 374

Tub,cera llchwardtl SchmItz 43,148

TyphlophoYlna, see Metopma

Wandolleckw achatlnae Cook 34, 103, 107, 134,140

Woodlphora W afrotroplca DIsney 376 W arunkumaYl Disney 136,137,147,154 W d,stans (Borgmeler) 375 W dormanae DIsney 375 W Jacksonae D,sney 135 W multmevra Disney 375 W pallldmervlS Borgmeler 137, 147,

148, 153, 154,376 W parvula SchmItz 167, 375 W santoshl Disney 134, 167,376

Xamonotum X bruchl (Borgmeler) 142, 144, 145 X deLJcatum (Borgmeler) 144, 145 X hystYlx Brues 41, 74,143,144 X photophdum (Borgmeler) 294 X scoPUCr Borgmeler 144, 145 X setullt,b,a Borgmeler 145 X smIth" Brues 143 X spmlceps (Borgmeler) 145 X splmpes Borgmeler 142, 144 X spmoslUs (Borgmeler) 144 X tarsale Borgmeler 143 X wasmanm SchmItz 144, 145

Zlkanra Z degenerata Borgmeler 147 Z schmldtl Borgmeler 146

457

Index of other organisms

IndIvIdual speCIes and genera are only hsted·when they appear In the text other than In the alphabetically arranged revIews for the hIgher taxon In questIOn Thus, most fungI are dealt with In section 3 3 Only where fungus specIes or genera are mentioned elsewhere In

the text are they hsted below

Ables alba 162 Acal yptrata 138 Acanthaceae 124 AcarI 62, 162-5, 186,385 Acandae 163 Aceraceae 124 Acer negundo 69 Achatlna

A achatlna 34 A Julzca107, 197 A ventYlcosa 34

Acndldae 88 Acromyrmex 45, 201

A muflclnodus 139 Aculeata 72 Adalza 2-punctata 92 Aegopodlum podagraYla 123 Agaomdae 72, 139 Agancaceae 46--7,185 Agancales 46-53 AgaYlCus blsporus 20, 45, 135, 169, 174, 186,

196,200,383 Agromyzldae 57, 176 Aleyrodldae 133 Alysl1nae 100 Amamtaceae 47 Amencan elm, see Ulmus ameYlcana AmphIbIa 89 Annehda 61 Anoetldae 163 Anthocondae 138 Anthophondae 39, 72 Ants, see FormlCldae A phldldae 71, 133, 138 Aphyllophorales 53-4 Apldae21, 31, 43, 72-4,123 Apusapus167,198 Araceae 124 ArachiS hypogaea 58 Arachmda 62

Arahaceae 124 Aranelda 62-4, 102, 166 Araneldae 63, 137 Arctl1dae 87 Arctlum 176 AYlstolochza

A labzata 59 A lzttoralzs 123

Anstolochlaceae 59, 124 Armlgeres 92 Army ants, see ECltonlnae Aschlza 7,8,295,296 Aschyta rablel 57 Asclepladaceae 125 Ascomycotlna 55-7 Ash, see Fraxlnus excelSIOr ASlhdae 166 Astlgmata 163 Atta 45, 166, 201 Avena sativa 69

Bacdlus thuYlnglen51S 386 Bactena 59,87,200 Bamboos 92, 170-1 Banana, see Musaceae Bark beetles, see Scolytldae BasldlOmycotlna 46--55 Bats 34, 35, 172-3 Bees, see A pldae Beet, see Beta vulgans Beetles, see Coleoptera Beta vulgans 33,57, 174 BlblOmdae 69, 138 BlackbIrd, see Turdus merula Blackfhes, see Aphldldae and Slmull1dae Blaesoxlpha jilzpJevl 88 B1attodea 31, 65 Blossom fly, see BlblOmdae BlowflIes, see Calhphondae Blue grass 182

INDEX OF OTHER ORGANISMS

Bolbltaceae 47 Boletaceae 47-9 Bombacaceae 125 Bombycldae 87 Boxelder, see Acer negundo Brachycera 8,27,177,297 Bracomdae 92, 100-1, 167 Bradynema, see Howardula Bradysla blcolor 30 BreadfrUIt, see Moraceae Broad bean, see VlClafoha Bromehads 171 Bullocks 91 Bumblebees, see Apldae Burrowmg wasps, see Eumemdae ButterflIes, see LepIdoptera Butterwort, see Pzngulcula vulgaYlS

Cacao tree, see Theobroma wcao Cactaceae 59 CaddIs files, see Tnchoptera Calhphondae 26 Caltha palustns 57 Calyptrata 123, 132 Cannaceae 125 Cantharellaceae 53 Canthandae 65 Capnfohaceae 125 CapsIcum annuum 58 Carabldae 88 Cancaceae 60 Carpenter bees, see Anthophondae Caryophyllaceae 125 Cats 35 Cattle 35, 91 CeCldomyndae 30,69, 92, 174--9, 383 Cer1t1pedes, see ChIlopoda Centrolemdae 89 Cephalosponum 99 CerambYCldae 34 Ceratopogomdae 138, 175 Chafers, see Scarabaeldae ChalCldOldea 138 Chelesoches mono 92 ChIckens 34 ChIckpea, see Clcer anetznum ChIlopoda 64 Chlronomldae 138,174,178 ChloropIdae 69, 177 Chrysomehdae 65, 138 Clceranetznum 57,59,182,199 Clhophora 171 Clavlcapltaceae 55 ClavICapltales 55, 169, 200 Clover 175, 182 Coccldae 30, 71 COCClnella 7-punctata 92 Coccmelhdae 31, 65-8, 92, 138, 197 Cockroaches, see Blattodea

Coconut palm, see Cocos Ilucifera Cocos Ilucifera 171 Coleoptera 65-9, 138, 198 Collem bola 132 Columba

C l!Vza 34 C palumhus 162

Compo sItae 125 Comophoraceae 53 Contannta HegundlIolza 30 Convolvulaceae 126 Copnnaceae 49 Cordyceps 169, 200 Cornaceae 126 CortlClaceae 54 Cortmanaceae 49-50, 185 Cow, see Cattle Cranefiles, see Tlpuhdae Cruclferae 126 Cucumls melo 92 Cucurbltaceae 60 CuhCldae 28, 92, 135, 138, 188 Curcuhomdae 34 Cyclorrhapha 8, 32, 97, 176, 177, 181, 182,

296 Cygnus olor 187

Dactyllum, see Hypomyces DaffodIls, see NarCISSus Darlzngtonta califomlca 171 DeraeocoYlS ruber 92 Deroceras laeve 30 Dlapmdae 91, 101, 141 DIgger wasps, see SpheCldae Dlplopoda 31,64, 140 Dlplundae 63 Dlptera 8, 69-71, 138, 166, 172-82, 185,

198,383,384 Dlxldae 380 Dog 23,35 Dog's mercury, see Mercunalts peremlls Dohchodermae 76, 147 Dohchopodldae 138, 297, 379 Dorylmae 40, 142 Douglas firs 154 DrepaHoslphum platanoldls 133 Dnver ants, see Doryhnae Drosera

D zntermedza 165 D rotundifolta 165

Drosophtla 197 D melaHogaster 112

Drosophlhdae 174, 176, 185 Duck 136 Dung beetles, see Scarabaeldae

EarWIgs 92 Earthworms, see LumbrICldae Ecltonmae 40, 76--8, 142-8

459

INDEX OF OTHER ORGANISMS

ECltMI vagans 188 EllOmys quemnus 137 Elms, see Ulmus Empldldae 138, 166, 177-9, 297 EmpldOldea 297 Encyrudae 101-2 Entomolataceae 50 Entomophthoraceae 169 EnococCldae 71 Erythraeldae 164 EucOIhdae 102 Eulophldae 102 Eumemdae 40, 74 Euphorblaceae 126

Fannza F howardl196-7 F sealam 89

Fann11dae 89 Festuca rubra 176 Fever fly, see BlblOmdae FICUS burtt-davYI 135 FIgs, see Moraceae FIg wasps, see Agaomdae FIre ants, see Myrmlcmae, Solenopsls foRax FIreflIes, see Lampyndae FIrS 162 Foemculum vulgare 123 FormlCldae20, 31, 40, 74--83,116,137-9,

142-8,197,201 Form Icmae 41, 78-80, 145, 148 Fraxmus excelsIor 181 Fnt fly, see Oscmella ftlt Frogs, see AmphIbIa Fulzgo 91 FungI 30, 45-57, 99,136,169,185-6

Gall mIdges, see CeCldomY11dae Ganodermataceae 54 Garden dormouse, see EllOmys quercmus Gastropoda 30, 34, 37-8, 62, 94--5, 107,

111,134,140,197 Geometndae 87,88 Glow worms, see Lampyndae Gomphldlaceae 50 Gophers, see Thomomys Grammeae 59, 126 Grasshoppers, see Orthoptera, Acndldae,

Tettlgonl1dae Greenflles, see Aphldldae Groundnuts, see ArachIS hypogaea Grylhdae 44

Harvestmen, see Op!llOnes Harvester ants, see Myrmlcmae, Pheldole Heather fly, see BlblOmdae Hcleomyzldae 185 Heplahdae 86 Herpetomonas megaselzae 93

460

Herrama 122 Heteropsylla cubana 201 Heteroptera 138, 166 HIckory, see Hlcona glabra Hlcona glabra 180 Hlrundo rustlea 34 Homoptera 71, 133, 138 Homo sap,ens 23, 30, 34--7, 89-91 Honey bees, see Apldae Hookworm 90 Howardula husseYI 102, 167-9 Humanaceae 55 Hummmgblrd, see Trochlhdae Hydatophylax hesperus 89 Hygrophoraceae 50 Hyhdae 89 Hymenoptera 38--45, 72-84, 92, 98, 100--2,

138,141-8,166--7,187-8 Hypomyces

H aurenteus 200 H rosellus 200

Ichneumomdae 83, 84, 102 lronomYl1dae 4, 8, 297 Isoptera 13,20--3,31,45,84--5,116,137,

138, 140, 148-54, 187

JackfrUlt, see Moraceae

Koompassza malaccensls 58

LabIatae 127 Labldus praedator 188 LadybIrd beetles see Coccmelhdae Lumpyndae 65, 68 Larch 162 Leafbeetles, see Chrysomehdae Leaf-cuttmg ants, see Myrmlcmae Leaf-cuttmg bees, see Megachlhdae Leaf-spot fungus 57 Legummosae 57, 58, 60 LepIdoptera 34, 85-8 LeplOtaceae 50 Leptodactyhdae 89 Leptodactylus foscus 89 LestodlploSIS synnRopazs 92 Leucaena leucocephala 201-2 LJ!laceae 59, 127 Llmanthaceae 127 Llmax maXlmus 197 Lmyphl1dae 63 Locusts, see Orthoptera Lollum perenne 175 Lonchoptendae 8, 296 Long-horned beetles, see CerambYCldae Lucerne 175 Lucrlra

L coerulelVlYldls 197 L SCYlcata 102

INDEX OF OTHER ORGANISMS

LumbnCldae61, 137, 177 Lycoperdaceae 54 Lycoperdales 54 Lycosldae 63, 166 Lungwort, see Pulmonana officmalls

Machlmus atncapillus 166 Macrochehdae 163 Macrotermltmae 45 Magnohaceae 127 Maize, see Zea mays Man, see Homo sapiens Mangold, see Beta vulgam Mantldae 123, 137 Marauder ants, see Myrmlcmae,

Pheldologeton Margarodldae 71 Marmota monax 187 Megachlhdae 41 Mehaceae 60 Melon, see Cucurbltaceae Mercunalts perennts 132, 138 Mesostlgmata 163--4 Metldae63 Mice 24,35 Mlcro-orgamsms 33 Milhpedes, see Dlplopoda Mmk34 Mmdae92 Mites, see Acan Mole, see Talpa europaea Mollusca 62 Moraceae 60, 135 Morchellaceae 55 MosqUitoes, see CuhCldae Moth fly, see Psychodidae Moths, see Lepidoptera Musaceae 60, 88 MusCIdae 92, 166, 185 Muscma asslmtlls 92 Mushrooms, see Agancus Mycetophlhdae 166, 179, 185 MyrmlCmae41, 80-3,145-8 Myxomycota 91

Narctssus 131, 134 Nematocera 28 Nematoda 92, 102, 167-9 Nepenthes 171 Nephellum lappaceum 58 NoctUidae 85, 87, 88 Nymphahdae 88

Oak, see Quercus Oat, see Avena satIVa Odontotermes

o culturarum 141 o Javantcus 187

Olla v-ntgrum 201

Opetl1dae 296 Opnnae 167 OpillOnes 64 Opomyzldae 177 Opossums 183 Orchldaceae 127 Orfella jUltont 166 Orthoptera 88-9 Osctnella }fIt 69 Owl butterfly 88 Oxahdaceae 127

Pachycondyla harpax 42 Palmae 127 Pamphlllldae 84 Paraponera clavata 138 Parasltlca 167 ParaSltldae 164 Panana 123 Parnasslaceae 127 Passer petronia 198 Paw-paw, see Cancaceae Paxillaceae 50 Pelaqulum 58 Pemphlgldae 71 Pertplaneta amertcana 31 Pentncha 171 Petronta, see Passer Peucedanum ostruthlum 154 Pezlzaceae 55-6 PezlZales 55 Phaentcta, see Luctlla Phallaceae 54 PhaIIales 54 Phaseolus 134 PhorOidea 4, 8, 296, 297 Phytom}za soenderupt 57 Plcea 179 Plendae 88 Pigs 35,137 Pigeon, see Columba Pmgulcula vulgans 166 Pm us 58 Pitcher plants 171 PlaglOlepls pygmaea 43 Platygastndae 102 PlatypeZidae 4, 7, 8, 297, 298 Plethodontldae 89 Pleurotaceae 50-1 Pleurotus saJor-caJu 186 Plumbagmaceae 128 Plutaceae 51 Polemomaceae 128 Polyporacae 54 Polysptlota 123, 137 Pomplhdae 41,44,63 Ponennae 41,82-3, 147, 148 Poplars, see Populus ntgra Populus ntgra 181

461

INDEX OF OTHER ORGANISMS

Potato 174 Predatory ants, see Ponennae Proctotrupldae 41 Prostlgmata 164-5 Protermes prorepens 32 Protozoa 93, 171 Pseudomyrmecmae 148 Psocoptera 138 Psychoda alternata 31 Psychodidae 70 Psylhdae 201 Pteromahdae 102 Pulmonana officmalls 157 Pygmephondae 164 Pygmy mites 186 Pyrahdae 86, 87

Quercus 181

Rabbits 136,137, 162, 187 Ranunculaceae 57, 128 Raspberry 173--4 Reduvndae 166 Resedaceae 128 Rhlzophagus parallelocollis 92 Rlpana npana 187 Rock sparrow, see Passer petronza Rodents 34, 35, 186 Rosaceae 128 Runner bean, see Phaseolus Russulaceae 51-2 Rust fnngus 57 Rye 174,175

Saccharomyces 134, 136 Salamanders, see Amphibia Sahcaceae 129 SaltlCldae 63 Sand martms, see Rlpana npana Sapmdaceae 58, 61, 129 Sapotaceae 58 Sarcophagldae 88 Sarracenza fiava 171 Sawflies, see Symphyta Saxlfragaceae 129 Scale Insects, see CocCldae Scarabaeldae 69 Scathophagldae 138 Scatopsldae 100, 138 Schlzophora 8,97,296 Schlzophyllum sabulosum 31 Sczadocera rufomaculata 297, 378, 379 SCladocendae 4, 7, 8, 294-6 SClandae30, 69, 70, 138, 174-9, 186 SClOmyzldae 94 SClUndae 187 Sclerodermataceae 55 Sclerodermateles 55

462

Scolytldae 34, 69 Scolytus ventralis 65 Scrophulanaceae 129 Scutacandae 163 Sheep 137 Silkworm 87 Simulndae 135, 167, 188, 195 SmCldae 84 Shme mould 91 Slugs, see Gastropoda Smzlacma racemosa 59 Smmthundae 132 Snails, see Gastropoda Snake 33 SOCIal wasps, see Vespldae Solanaceae 58, 61 Soldier beetles, see Canthandae Solenopsls fuga x 101, 139 Sphaerales 57 Sphaerocendae 177 SphecJdae41, 44, 83, 89, 166 Spiders, see Aranelda Spider wasps, see Pomplbdae Spores 33, 58, 132, 136 Spnngtalls, see Collembola Spruce, see Plcea SqUIrrels 187 Staphyhmdae 138 S tercnhaceae 129 Stmgless bees, see Apldae St Mark's fly, see BlblOmdae Strophanaceae 52-3 Sugar beet 175 Sun dews, see Drosera Swallow, see Hlrundo rust/ca Swammerdamella brevlcornls 100 Swan, see Cygnus SWifts, see Apus apus Sycamore aphid, see Drepanoslphum

platanoldls Symphyta 84 Syrphldae 8, 123, 132 SyrphOldea 8, 296

Tachmldae 3, 87 Talpa europaea 91, 187 Tamancaceae 129 Tethmldae 177 Termites, see Isoptera Tetranychldae 164 Tettlgonndae 44,88 Thelephoraceae 54 Thendndae 62-3 Theobroma cacao 122 ThomlSldae 166 Thomomys talpoldes 187 Thysanoptera 138 Ticks, see Acan Timber beetles, see Cerambycldae

INDEX OF OTHER ORGANISMS

Tlpula T melgenr 132 T paludosa 30

Tlpuhdae 30,70-1 Toxorhynchltes 92 Tree ants, see Myrmlcmae, Crematogaster Tree cnckets, see Grylhdae Tremellaceae 55 Tremellales 55 TYlaleurodes vaporaYlum 133 Tncholomataceae 53 Tnchoptera 89 Trochlhdae 167 Trombldlldae 164 Troglodytes troglodytes 187 Truffles, see Tuber TrypanosomatJdae 93 Tuber 45 Tuberaceae 56 Turdus merula 187

Ulmus U ameYlcana 71 U laevIs 181

Umbelhferae 122,130-1,133 Uromyces clcen 58, 199 Uropodldae 164

Vertebrata 89-91, 167

VertIC/IlIum V fonglcola 200 V malthousel 200

Vespldae 41, 83-4 Vespula pensylvanrca 39 Vespula spp 187 VIbrIO cholerae 200 Vlcra foba 135 VlOlaceae 58 VIOla

V pensylvanrca 58 V pubescens 58 V sordlda 58

VIruses 87

Wasps, see Vespldae Wheat 173 WhIte-fly, see Aleyrodldae Wood ants, see Formlcmae Woolly aphIds, see Pemphlgldae Wren, see Troglodytes troglodytes

X ylanaceae 57

Yeasts, see Saccharomyces

Zea mays 59, 173, 199 Zlnglber macradenrum 171

463

Subject index

Accelerated development 16, 27, 116, 197 AdaptIve radIatIOn 26 Aenal swarms 154-7 Aeroplanes 198 AestIVatIOn 161 Alrhftmg offemales 20, 120, 198 Alarm pheromones 32 Alcohol 380, 386 Ahmentary mfectlons 201 Ahphatlc alcohols 20 Allometry 115 Allopatnc speCIatIOn 111 Ametabohsm theory 104 AnaerobIc conditIOns 90-1 Anatomy 116 Apterous condition 118 AquatIC speCIes 26,33,92,95-7, 170-2 Arsemc 36, 185 AscenSIOn Island 114 Asthma 200 AVOIdance behavIOur 141 AXIl waters 171

BaIts 383-4 Berlese flUId 386-7 BIOlogIcal control 201 BIOmass 174, 175 BlOmetncs 115 BIVoltlmsm 190-6 Blood feedmg 66--7, 138 Blow pooter 381 Brachyptery 116 Burrows 162,186--7,195,384

Caducous wmgs 116 CannabIs 185 Canmbahsm 68 Carnon 23,33,35-8,92,183-5,189,197 Carnon flUIds 136--7 Catalogues 9, 10 CategonzatlOn 204 Caves 162, 172,384 Cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton 26--9, 32 ChemIcal legacy hypothesIs 111 Cholera 200

Chromosomes 110-11, 113 CIrcadIan rhythms 188-9 Cladograms 297 ClassIficatIOn 8, 11, 204, 296-8 Chmatlc change 195 Cold 106, 112, 162, 188, 196 Collectmg 380-4 Commensahsm 42 Competition 27, 31,197 ConservatIon evaluatIOn 202 Con tamer habitats 170-2 Control 92-3, 99-102, 385-6 CourtshIp 154-61 Cretaceous 4, 295, 298 Crops 173)5 Crowdmg 112 Culturmg 385 Cuticular hydrocarbons 115 Cytotaxonomy 115

DeCIduous wmgs 116 DefenSIVe behavIOur 75-6,85,141 Development times 104-8 Dlapause 112 D-manmtol13 DIsease transmISSIOn 199-200 DIspersal 1897-9 DIUrnal patterns 188-9 Drought 191-5 Drugs 185 Dufour's crop mechamsm 135 Dung 34-5, 137

EcloslOn from egg 103--4,189 EcloslOn of adult 94-9, 188-9 EcloslOn plates of pup anum 94-9 EconomIC damage 186, 199 Ecotypes 111 Ectotrophlc phoresy 140 Egg batches 16--19 Egg clutches 16--19 Egg development 18, 105-7, 109, 135 Egg maturatIOn 18-20 Egg predators 62--4, 68, 72, 85, 89, 102 Emergence traps 173-6, 190, 199,381

SUBJECT INDEX

Enemies 92-3, 99-102, 165-9 Energy 33, 121 Enzymes 33, 115, 172 Essences, see Floral Oils Euparal387 EvolutIOn 11,12,29,30,75,111,116,133,

138

Facultative kleptoparasitlsm 42 Facultative paraSItism 89-91 Facultative parasitOidlsm 31,87,88 Facultative predatIOn 31,42,44, 72, 83 Facultative saprophagy 30 Faeces 34-5 Fat bodies 109, 162 Faunal successIOn 184 Fecundity 16-18,169 Feedmg stage oflarva 107 Flight activity 188 Flightless females 5,20, 108-11, 116-21,

198 Flightless males 5, 120 Flight traps 381-82 Flood refuse 198 Floral Oils 122 Flower vlSltmg 121-32 Food contammatlOn 201 Food reserves 107 ForenSIc entomology 35-7, 184-5 Forests 178-81 Fossils 4, 294-6 Frass 34, 137 Freeze drymg 386 Freezmg 386 Fructose 133 Fruits 59-61, 112 Funglvory 29 Fungus gardens 20,32,45, 103, 189 Funnel traps 384

'Ghoul gUild' 152 Glucose 133 Glycerol 162 Gonads 103 Gravity 188 Groommg behavIOur 13, 43, 141 Groundplan 296-8

Habitat preferences 179, 182 Haemolymph 31,66,138 Hermaphroditism 109 Heterochrony 108,113 HibernatIOn 161-2, 199 High altitudes 120, 172 History of phon do logy 2--4,9-11 Homologies 297-8 Honey 42 Honeydew 132-3 Host-mediated conditlOmng 111

Host speCifiCity 56, 67, 77, 80, 83, 146, 148-54

Hygiene 200-1 Hypopharynx 29

Identification 203-96 InterspeCIfic competition 196-7 Intertidal speCies 170, 172 Intra-speCific competition 63, 112

Juvemle hormone 113

Ketones 20 Kites 197 Kleptoparasltlsm 32,42-5, 137, 139--40

LabIUm 29,133,199 Labrum 29 Lactose 133 Larval mstars 103 Leaf mmes 57-8 Leaf searchmg behavIOur 132 Light 186, 188 Light traps 383 Limited resources 27 Llpoprotem 33 LongeVity 160

Malaise traps 382 Maltose 133 Mandibles oflarvae 26, 103 Markmg fhes 385 Matmg115,154-61 MaXillae 29 McPhail traps 384 Meadows 175-7 MeleZitose 133 Memory 20 Memscus 13, 26, 33, 171 Mlcro-orgamsms 30-33 Mlcropms 386 MlCropterous wmgs 117 MlCroseral stages 183 Milk dregs 98, 201 Mimicry 13, 109 Mmeral soils 178 Miocene 295 Molecular techmques 115 Moorlands 178 Morphology

adults 23, 115-21, 205-21 eggs 13 larvae 25-9 pup ana 94-9

MosaiC evolutIOn 297 Mouth hooks, see mandibles oflarvae MutatIOns, 4, 118,298 Mycelium 45 Mycopathogens 169

465

SUBJECT INDEX

MyIasIs 89-91 Myrmecophlles 40,141

Nectar 123, 132 Nests of bIrds 187 Nests of mammals 91-2 Nests of sOCIal msects 38-45, 187-8 Nets 380 NIche 196-7 NIche separatIon 45, 59, 67, 196-7 NIght actIvIty 122, 188 Nomenclature 3,204

Olfactory cues 20, 23, 31-2, 65, 122-3 Oocytes 16 Orgamc detntus 30 Osmo-regulatlon 172 Outgroup compansons 296-7 Ovanes 16, 108 Overcrowdmg 112, 114 Overwmtermg 99, 105, 106, 161-2, 172 OVIposItIon 20-4, 111, 141, 197

Pamt 33 Parapatnc speCIatIOn 111 ParasItIsm 30,61-91,102, 167-9 ParasltOldlsm 30, 61-91, 98,100-2,167 ParthenogenesIs 109-10 Pastures 175-7,182 Peat soIls 178 PestIcIdes 386 Pests 186, 385-6 Pharyngeal ndges oflarvae 33 Phenology 189-96 PhenotypIc vanatlOn 111 Pheromones 32,159 Phoresy 162-5 Phylogeny 11, 26, 204, 297 PhysIOlogy 11 Physogastnc females 108-9 Phytophagy 57-61 Phytotelmata 170-2 Pmnmg386 Pitfall traps 174, 178, 383 PleIstocene 173 PolIsh 33 Pollen 42,44, 73, 132 Pollmators 122 PollutIOn 33 Polyhydnc alcohols 162 PolymorphIsm 110-15, 118 Pooter 380-1 PopulatIOn densltJes 173-81, 186-8 PopulatIOn dynamICs 186 Post-feedmg stage oflarva 107 PredatIOn by adults 137-9 PredatIOn by larvae 30, 61-91 ProbosCIS 132, 133, 136, 139, 199 Protem-nch meals 28, 33, 134-40

466

ProvISIons of SOCIal msects 42-5 Pseudotracheae 133 Ptllmum 8, 97 Pupal penod 105-7 Pupanatlon 99, 103, 104, 108 Pupanum 94-9 PupatIOn 99, 103, 104, 108, 188

Reanng 115, 384 ReclaImed land 176 Rectal papIllae 114, 136 RelatIVe humIdIty 99,108 ReproductIve organs 116 Resllm 21 Resource partItlonmg 111, 196--7 RespIratIOn 97-8 RespIratory horns 94-9, 100-1 Root nodules 59, 182

SalIvary glands 26 SamplIng 202,381-4 Saprophagy 29-42, 57 Scrub 178 Seeds 58 Sewage 20, 31, 33, 172, 201 Sex determmatlon 110 Sex ratIos 112, 123, 136, 199 Sexual dImorphIsm 4, 139, 203 ShIp cargoes 198 SI blmg speCIes 115 SIster group 297 SlIde mountmg 386-8 Snowpatches 198 SOlI 23, 173-9, 182, 384 SpeCIation 111 SpeCIes rIchness 3, 202 Sperm 14 Spermathecae 110 Spermatophores 14 Spermatozeugmata 14 Sperm competItIOn 159 Sporophores 45 Stenogastnc females 108-9 Stenopterous wmgs 116 StIcky traps 382, 384 Structural enzymes 115 SuccessIOn 184 Sucrose 13 Sugar meals 133 Sugars 133 Supercoolmg 162 Surface film 33 SurvIval 112, 160 Swarms 154-7,162,199 Sweep nets 380 SymblOnts 30 Sympatnc speCIatIOn 111 SystematIzatIOn 203

Taste 133 TaxonomIC studIes 115 Temperature 104-8,112,188,196 Teneral adults 108-9 TermltophIles 141 TertIary 295 TOIlets 34, 200 Tracheal system 25 TransformatIon senes 297-8 Tree canopIes 180-1 Trophallaxls 42, 139-40

Ultra sounds 159 Ultrastructure 14, 25, 103 Ultra vIOlet lIght 382

SUBJECT INDEX

UmvoltImsm 190-6

Vacuum aspIrator 174, 380 Vanatlon 111,114-15,118

Water chemIstry 172 Water traps 382-3 WInd 188,198 WIndbreaks 198 WIng reductIon, 4, 116--21 WIng rudIments 116--21 WIng stumps 110, 116--21 WIng veInS 4, 207, 298, 379 Woodlands 178-81 Wounds31,64,66,137

467