linked building (energy) data

Linked Building (Energy) Data Edward Curry, Souleiman Hasan

Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie

Enabling Networked Knowledge

Motivation

n  Bulding Information scattered among many systems ¨  Energy usage - (BEMS, Sensors)

¨  Maintenance and operations - (BMS, BIM, Simulation)

¨  Financial Performance - (Accounting IS)

¨  Occupant Comfort – (HR IS, Social Networks)

¨  Resource Utilisation – (MIS, ERP)

¨  Carbon Emissions – (CMS)

¨  External Data, IFC,

¨  Environmental Legislation

n  Each systems describes an individual domain/concern in detail

n  Legacy Systems, Real-time sensor data

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Motivation

n  However, effecitlvey managing a building requires a holsitc view of operations across all systems ¨  New insights are achieved when you linking between

domains

n  The context of the building lives in the joins between these domains: ¨  Energy linked to resource utilization

¨  Resource utilization linked to business objectives

¨  Business objectives linked to carbon emmissions



Lots of Building Data….

ERP

ENERGY

BMS

FINANCE

CARBON



Key Challenges

n  Technology and Data Interoperability ¨  Crosscuts engineering domains and business functions

(Facilities, accountancy, IT, HR, Environmental) –  Data scattered among different information systems –  Multiple incompatible technologies make it difficult to use

–  Dynamic data, sensors, ERP, BMS, assets databases, …

¨  Data Silos: Cost to bring this data together is significant

n  Information Granularity & Overload ¨  Multiple stakeholder information requirements

¨  Multi-level information problem (Micro- to Macro-level) –  Low-level operations, to high-level organisational KPIs

–  Room-level optimistions vs. Building-level, vs. Coporate-level

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Key Challenges

n  Interpreting data ¨ Need to proactively identify efficiency opportunities

n  Empowering Actions ¨ Understanding of direct and indirect impacts of

activities

¨ Embedding impacts within buildings and organizations business processes

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A Web-based Approach

n  Leverage the architecture of the Web to make sharing building data easier

n  Linked Data is a method of exposing, sharing, and connecting data (via dereferenceable URIs) on the Web. ¨ Provides a Data (RDF) and Naming (URI) model

for the Web

¨ W3C Web-based Standards

¨ Adaptive Ontologies

¨  Incremental Approach



Linked Open Data cloud - domains

Over 300 open data sets with more than 35 billion facts, interlinked by 500 million typed links.

http://lod-cloud.net/

Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch.

Media

Government

Geo

Publications

User-generated

Life sciences

Cross-domain

US government UK government

BBC New York Times

LinkedGeoData

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BestBuy Overstock.com Facebook



Linked Open Data cloud stats

triples distribution

links distribution

http://lod-cloud.net/state/


Enabling Networked Knowledge 10 of 46

Two Key Ingredients

1.  RDF – Resource Description Framework Graph based Data – nodes and arcs ¨  Identifies objects (URIs)

¨  Interlink information (Relationships)

2.  Vocabularies (Ontologies) ¨  provide shared understanding of a domain

¨  organise knowledge in a machine-comprehensible way

¨  give an exploitable meaning to the data



Linked Data Principles

n  Best practices for sharing data on the web ¨  1) Use URIs as names for things

–  Buildings, floors, rooms, devices, people, sensors, equipment

¨  2) Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those names –  Simple mechanism to access the data (dereferencability)

¨  3) When someone looks up a URI, provide useful information, using open standards (RDF, CSV, XML)

–  Room: location, dimensions, features, etc

¨  4) Include links to other URIs, so they can discover related information

–  Occupant, contains (desk, sensor, equipment,…), rentCost, etc

(Tim Berners-Lee, 2006)

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Linked Building Data

n  Linked Building Data ¨  Improves Discoverability

¨  Improves Accessibility

¨  Improves Shareability

n  Linking building data builds context between systems ¨  Relevant information can linked together to build holistic views

of the building

¨  Broader context can be used in decision making

n  Maintains loose coupling between systems ¨  Allows domain systems to focus on their expertise

¨  Allows systems to develop independently

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Resource Description Framework (RDF) subject - predicate – object

Edward Curry is the Occupant of Room 202e Edward Curry is the Occupant of Room 202e

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http://www.deri.ie/about/team/member/edward_curry/

http://lab.linkeddata.deri.ie/2010/deri-rooms#r202e

http://vocab.deri.ie/rooms#occupant



Case Study: DERI Building

n  DERI Building ¨  No BMS or BEMS

¨  160 person Office space

¨  Café

¨  Data centre

¨  3 Kitchens

¨  80 person Conference room

¨  4 Meeting rooms

¨  Computing museum

¨  Sensor Lab

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n  System of Systems Approach ¨ Linking of 14 existing operational legacy sources

¨ Together with 30+ power real-time power sensors

n  Energy Situational Awareness ¨ Semantic Energy Management

¨ Semantic Complex Event Processing

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Vocabulary

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Room Desk

Person

occupant

contains

Building

Floor

contains

contains

n  Buildings and Rooms ¨  Simple vocabulary for describing the

rooms in a building

¨  http://vocab.deri.ie/rooms

n  Queries ¨  How many floors are in the Building?

¨  How many desk on are the first floor?

¨  Who is the occupant of room 202e?

¨  Where does Edward Curry sit?



Vocabulary

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n  People, Groups and Devices ¨  FOAF: Simple vocabulary for describing peoples

and groups.

¨  DERI Energy: Devices and Laptops

n  Queries ¨  Who are the members of the Green IT group?

¨  What laptop does Edward have?

¨  What laptops are used by the Green IT group??

¨  Who is using a MacBook Pro?

Person

Laptop

has_a

Group

memberOf



Vocabulary

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n  Energy Sensor Network ¨  Semantic Senor Network vocab for

describing sensors and observations

¨  http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn

n  Queries ¨  What is the energy consumption of a

laptop?

¨  What is the energy consumption of the lights in room 202e?

¨  What is the total energy consumption of room 202e?

ssn:Sensor rm:Room en:hasLocation

en:Laptop

en:Heater

en:Light

en:Socket

ssn:observes

en:Power Consumption

ssn:observedBy

foaf:Person en:Laptop

en:has_a

foar:Group

foaf:memberOf

rm:Room rm:Desk

foaf:Person

rm:occupant

rm:contains

rm:Building

rm:Floor

rm:contains

rm:contains

owl:sameAs

owl:sameAs owl:sameAs




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Room Desk

Person

occupant

contains

Laptop

has_a

Heater

Light

Socket

hasLocation

Sensor

observes

Power Consumption

observedBy

Building

Floor

contains

contains

Group

memberOf



Querying Linked Building Data

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n  Queries over merged graph ¨  What is the total energy consumption

of rooms on the first floor?

¨  What is Edward’s total energy consumption? (laptop, lights, heats, etc)

¨  What is the energy consumption of the laptops for the Green IT group?

¨  What is the total consumption of members of the green IT units on the first floor?



Dereferenced URI

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@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . @prefix rooms: <http://vocab.deri.ie/rooms#> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1#> . @prefix deri-energy-ont: <http://energy.deri.ie/ontology#> . @prefix deri-energy: <http://energy.deri.ie#> . @prefix ssn: <http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn> . @prefix deri-rooms: <http://lab.linkeddata.deri.ie/2010/deri-rooms#> . deri-rooms:building rdf:type rooms:Building;

rooms:contains deri-rooms:1st-floor. deri-rooms:1st-floor rdf:type rooms:Floor;

rooms:contains deri-rooms:1st-floor-south-wing. deri-rooms:1st-floor-south-wing rdf:type rooms:Wing;

rooms:contains deri-rooms:r202e. deri-rooms:r202e rdf:type rooms:Desk;

rooms:occupant <http://www.deri.ie/about/team/member/edward_curry#me>. <http://www.deri.ie/about/team/member/edward_curry#me> rdf:type foaf:Person;

deri-energy-ont:has_a deri-energy:macbook15698; deri-energy:macbook15698 rdf:type deri-energy-ont:Laptop;

ssn:observedBy deri-energy:sensor123. deri-energy:sensor123 rdf:type ssn:Sensor;

ssn:observes deri-energy-ont:PowerConsumption. deri-energy:observation1236 rdf:type ssn:Observation;

ssn:observationResult deri-energy:observationResult1236; ssn:featureOfInterest deri-energy:macbook15698; ssn:observedBy deri-energy:sensor123.

deri-energy:observationResult1236 rdf:type ssn:SensorOutput; ssn:hasValue deri-energy:vale1236.

deri-energy:vale1236 deri-energy-ont:hasQuantityValue 31.5; deri-energy-ont:hasQuantityUnitOfMeasurement deri-energy-ont:kWh.




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1.  Reference data from the enterprise linked data cloud

2.  Instant measures by the sensors

3.  Situation awareness is used to detect high usage situations



Linked dataspace for Energy Intelligence

Applica

tions

Energy Analysis Model

Complex Events

Situation Awareness Apps

Energy and Sustainability Dashboards

Decision Support Systems

Linked

Dat

a

Support

Se

rvic

es

Entity Management

Service

Data Catalog

Complex Event Processing

Engine

Provenance Search & Query

Sourc

es

Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter

n  Interlinked Cloud of Energy Data

n  Resource Description Framework (RDF)

n  Semantic Sensor Network Ontology (SSN)

n  CoAP = Constrained Application Protocol

n  Semantic Event Processing n  Natural Language Interface

n  Collaborative Data Mgmt.

n  Energy Saving Applications n  Energy Awareness



Linked building data can create an integrated well-connected graph of information for managing a building

Summary



Edward is a research scientist at the Digital Enterprise Research Institute. His areas of research include green IT/IS, energy informatics, linked data, integrated reporting, and cloud computing. He has worked extensively with industry and government advising on the adoption patterns, practicalities and benefits of new technologies.

He has published in leading journals and books, and has spoken at international conferences including the MIT CIO Symposium.

About the Presenter

URL: www.edwardcurry.org Email: [email protected]

Twitter: @EdwardACurry Slides: slideshare.net/edwardcurry



Further Reading

Curry, E., O’Donnell, J., Corry, E., Hasan, S., Keane, M., and O’Riain, S. 2013. “Linking building data in the cloud: Integrating cross-domain building data using linked data,” Advanced Engineering Informatics (27:2), pp. 206–219.

http://www.edwardcurry.org/publications/Curry_AEI_2013.pdf



Selected References

Sustainability Use Cases n  Curry, E., et al . (2011). An Entity-Centric Approach To Green Information

Systems. 19th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS 2011).

n  Curry, E., & Donnellan, B. (2012). Green and Sustainable Informatics. In, Harnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices. John Wiley & Sons

n  Curry, E. et al. An Environmental Chargeback for Data Center and Cloud Computing Consumers, in First International Workshop on Energy-Efficient Data Centers, 2012.

n  Curry, E. et al, Linking building data in the cloud: Integrating cross-domain building data using linked data, Advanced Engineering Informatics (27:2), pp. 206–219. 2013

n  Curry E. et al, Enterprise Energy Management using a Linked dataspace for Energy Intelligence. In: The Second IFIP Conference on Sustainable Internet and ICT for Sustainability (SustainIT) 2012.

n  O’Donnell, J. et al, Building Performance Optimization Using Cross-Domain Scenario Modeling, Linked Data, and Complex Event Processing, Building and Environment (62), pp. 102–111, 2013.



Selected References

Information Management n  Hasan, S. et al. (2011). Toward Situation Awareness for the Semantic

Sensor Web: Complex Event Processing with Dynamic Linked Data Enrichment. 4th International Workshop on Semantic Sensor Networks

n  Hasan, S. et al, Approximate Semantic Matching of Heterogeneous Events, in 6th ACM International Conference on Distributed Event-Based Systems

n  Curry E. (2012) System of Systems Information Interoperability using a Linked Dataspace In: IEEE 7th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SOSE 2012).

IT Management

n  Curry, E. et al. Developing an Sustainable IT Capability: Lessons From Intel’s Journey, MIS Quarterly Executive, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 61-74, 2012.

n  Donnellan B. et al, (2011) A Capability Maturity Framework for Sustainable Information and Communication Technology. IEEE IT Professional 13(1).

n  Curry E, et al, (2012) Sustainable IT: Challenges, Postures, and Outcomes, IEEE Computer 15(11)