linkker future moves...total cost of ownership •battery cost ... automated depot ... min cell...

Intelligent eMobility

[email protected]+358-40-5116260


LinkView eFleet management

http://www.linkkerbus.com/

mailto:[email protected]


Mission – Quality of Life in Cities With Intelligent eMobility

Environment Economy Experience

City bus routes ideal for electrification – high consumption, high mileage, fixed route, energy supply available, emission reductions important, passenger attractiveness wanted, multimodal potential (rail & bus), green city image


Key Challenges for Electric Bus Operation

Operational impact

• Line length

• Energy consumption

• Continuous operation

• Daily mileage

• Time table

• Depot operation

Re-charging concepts

• Depot vs Opportunity

• Charging location

• Charging power

• Charging time vs time table

• Connectivity

• Grid connection & power supply

Total Cost of Ownership

• Battery cost

• CAPEX – bus – drive line –infrastructure

• OPEX – energy – battery replacement – maintenance

• Asset management (bus – battery – depot – infrastructure)

• Technology development

• Standardization

Planning impact

• Infrastructure

• Network coverage

• Operations

• Financial

• Technology

• Construction

• Transition


Modular energy storage & life time management

+ -

Lower consumption &faster charging

Predictive maintenance Autonomous Vehicle Technology

Passenger Experience

eFleet Management

Vision – Intelligent eMobilityD

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Linkker 12 performance data

200…500 kmDaily mileage

0.5-0.8 kWh/km consumption

for propulsion

34-43Seats

80-90Passengers

ZeroLocal emission

Battery cost-30% due to

lower consumption

+ -

2-4 min 10-20km autonomy

Autonomy &Time table

24 x 7 operation with 2-4 min re-charging

+ -

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We will partner you all the wayProcess from idea to operation for a city

Validation period System optimization Start of the fleet roll-outVision & strategic decision

101 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 1 2

Month

PERFORMANCE

• Line profiling

• Time table analysis

• Charging cycle simulation

• Daily mileage and 24 x 7 analysis

AVAILABILITY

• Infrastructure & storage configuration

• Fleet management solutions

• Maintenance strategy

TCO

• Cost driver analysis

• Business driver analysis

• Risk management

• OptimizationDe

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Intelligent eMobility ArchitectureLinkViewLinkDriveLinkLight

• Full aluminium body and chassis

• Long life time proven technology(70 million km driven)

• 3tn lighter than comparable steelbuses

• Easy assembly construction

• Drive line and vehicle control SW

• Energy efficient and optimizedpower train

• Lightweight energy efficientcomponents

• High efficiency permanentmagnet motor

• LinkControl intelligent vehiclecontrol system

• Performance & fault monitoring (of battery, driveline and auxiliary)

• Components monitored for performance degradation to allow fastproactive response

• eFleet management data, reporting & analytics

• eFleet management applications Battery life time management, charge cycle optimization, energy efficient driving

+ -

• SelfDrive applications

• Sensoring system

• Platooning

• Automated depot

• Automated drive

LinkControl & LinkAuto• Vehicle Control Unit

• Drive by wire system

• Acceleration & Torque control

• Hill stand, anti jolt, anti vibration, wheel slip

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…Providing TCO Optimized Revenue Generation

Full aluminum body and chassis based on years of R&D

Low investments

• Smaller battery

• Low initial investments

• Low maintenance costs

Safety

• Same strength as steel with less mass

• High local energy absorption ability

• Long structural lifetime

• Easy to repair

Long life cycle

Lightweight constructionLinkLight

Energy optimized drive lineLinkDrive, LinkControl & LinkView

Energy optimized components, control and charging

2

Low charging cost

• Faster charging

• Less energy to be charged

• More buses with same infrastructure

1

Linkker Decreasing lifecycle cost

• Lower energy costs both bus and grid to wheel

• Lower battery maintenance cost

• Lower charger maintenance cost

• Low noise

• Comfort

• Design

• Quality

Allows 24/7 fully electric operation for inner city bus lines…

… with 10-30% lower TCO comparedwith a Diesel Euro 6 bus…

… combined with zero local emissionsand very low noise level

Intelligent control & performance managementLinkControl & LinkView

Monitoring, analytics and performance management

3Reduced depot, driver and fleet management cost

• Vehicle performance management

• Self drive in depot reduces personnel cost in depot

• Platooning reduces driver costs in operation and increases fleet management flexibility

Increasing revenue

Lower OPEX

• High availability

• 24 x 7 operation

• Higher daily mileage

• High capacity (passengers instead of batteries)

Better transportation performance

• Industry shortest re-charge cycles

• Better time table performance with shorter re-charge cycles

• Lower fleet size per drive cycle

• Lower driver cost per re-charging event

Better timetable performance

Passenger & Driver Experience


Linkker ProductsLinkker electric buses LinkDrive drive line & ultra fast charging

LinkLight chassis and bodyLinkView operational SW


20152005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2016 2017

Milestones – Developing Competence

Lightweight chassis Electric vehicle eBus benchmark Living Lab Bus


Linkker eFleet Management

LinkView IoT platform

CAN I/O GW DataLinkLinkControl Security Autom.Vehi.

Performance management Analytics & optimization Active Driver AssistancePerformance monitoring

Energy reduction Time table performance

Charge cycle optimization

Battery life time management


LinkView Functionality

LinkView Monitoring

Status check

Alarms

Diagnostics

Data Base

Vehicle & FleetPerformance monitoring

Energy management

Maintenance

Charging management

Battery ContractsExtended warranty

Battery life time management


Charging time vs Mileage

Source: Prof. Dr. –Ing. Adolf Mueller-Hellman*) remarks by Linkker

Low-consumption eBus *)

Conventional eBus*)


Comparing Electric Bus Systems

Consumption

Linkker

Diesel bus

Battery & energy cost

Daily mileage(total cost of ownership)

Continuous operation per day

(in hours)

Conventional eBus


0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

Optimized OperationCharging time/min

Charging timeConventional eBus

Charging timeLinkker

Espoo Helsinki Braunschweig

-30%

Drive cycles

Lower consumption• reduces investment in charging capacity• reduces energy cost• increases battery life time• enables operation with existing time table


Fitting to Operation

0,0

2,0

4,0

6,0

8,0

10,0

12,0

Range in km *)

RangeConventional eBus

RangeLinkker

Espoo Helsinki Braunschweig

+30%

Drive cycles

*) with 2 min re-charging of 10kWh


We will partner you all the way

3 M€5 M€

5 M€ 1 M€

0 M€

2 M€

2 M€ 2 M€

0 M€

2 M€

4 M€

6 M€

8 M€

10 M€

12 M€

Diesel Euro VI Linkker 12m

TCO Linkker vs Diesel 10 buses and 12 years

MaintenanceChargingEnergyVehicle amortize costs

TCO modelling

Drive cycle & battery usage profilingEnergy consumption profiling

Drive line dimensioning

Source: VTT research, vehicle laboratory tests



Linkker energy consumption profiling




Linkker drive cycle & battery usage profiling




Linkker drive line dimensioning



LinkView Data

Parameters Collected:

Active Fault, Air Compressor Temp, Ambient Temp, Battery Coolant Temp 1, Battery Coolant Temp 2, Battery Current, Battery Max Cell Voltage, Battery Max Charge Current, Battery Max Charge Power, Battery Max Discharge Current, Battery Max Discharge Power, Battery Max Voltage, Battery Min Cell Voltage, Battery Min Voltage, Battery Power, Battery SOC, Battery Voltage, Charging Brake, Drive Inverter Temp, Drive Mode, Drive Motor Speed, Drive Motor Temp, Drive Motor Torque, Drive Slip, Max Cell Temp, Max Cell Voltage, Max Temp IDMax, Volt CellID, Min Cell Temp, MinVolt CellID, Parking Brake, Power Steering Coolant Temp, Power Steering Oil Temp, PT Coolant Temp 2, PT Coolant Temp 1, Status Air Compressor, Status Battery, Status DCDC, Status Drive, Status Heat Pump, Status Power Steering, Uptime, Vehicle Braking, Vehicle Charging, Vehicle Moving, Vehicle Reverse, Vehicle Speed.

Real time vehicle data display the stored operational data can be displayed as numbers, graphs, histograms etc. on web

browser configured to customer UI requirements vehicle location, active DTCs and operating hour counter displays available

Real time vehicle configuration (will be introduced later)• enable/disable selected functionality• reset DTCs• set speed/acceleration/power limits


LinkView - Operational Data Reporting & Analytics

• Daily mileage• Daily average

• Daily efficiency

• Average efficiency


LinkView - Operational Data Reporting & Analytics

• Number of unsuccessful charging event starts

• Number of charging events• SoC per charge• Average energy charged• km per charge

• Number of interrupted charging events


Operational Data - Case Espoo


Operational Data - Case Turku


Battery Life Cycle Optimization

micro cycle

charge cycle

battery capacityD

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Optimized usage- Temp control- DoD control- Current control- Remote monitoring andalarm management

DoD buffer

High number of cyclesPower tolerance

Low consumption

Battery life time


Case Helsinki/EspooLine 11

First electrified line by HRT

• Tapiola – Matinkylä - Friisilänaukio

• 19,2km line

• Average speed 20 kmh

• 48 stops

• Daily mileage 160-240km

Electric Bus System

• 1x 350kW end-stop charging event

• Consumption 0.78-0.98kWh/km

• Charged energy 14.9-18.82kWh

• Charging time 4-5 min with


Case Helsinki Line 23

First electrified line in central Helsinki

• Ruskeasuo – Pasila – Central station

• 8,9 km line A->B

• Average speed 17,7kmh

• 30 stops

• Daily mileage 260km

• 15 fast charging events / day

Electric Bus System

• 1x 350kW end-stop charging event in Ruskeasuo

• 2nd charger in August 2018 at Central Station

• Consumption 0.897kWh/km

• Avrg. charged energy 16kWh

• Charging time 3,5 min


• Vallbypark - Nordhavn

• 10,9 km AB


• 31 stops

• Daily mileage 160-240km

Electric Bus System

• 2x 350kW end-stop charging event

• Consumption Avrg. 1.1kWh/km

• Charged energy Avrg. 11.45kW

• Charging time 3min

Case Copenhagen 3A


• Harbour – Airport

• 24,8 km AB A


• 35 stops

• Daily mileage 350km

Electric Bus System

• 2 x 350kW end-stop charging event

• Consumption Avrg .0.906kWh/km

• Charged energy Avrg. 11.3kW

• Charging time 3min

Case Turku 1A


[email protected]+358-40-5116260


LinkView eFleet management

http://www.linkkerbus.com/

mailto:[email protected]

linkker future moves...total cost of ownership •battery cost ... automated depot ... min cell...

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