lipids – fats and oils. lipids – good fat / bad fat non polar derivative hydrocarbons (mostly...
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Lipids – Fats and Oils
Lipids – Good Fat / Bad Fat Non polar Derivative hydrocarbons
(mostly C and H with some O) Due to the large number of C-
H bonds, they store more food energy than carbohydrates
They provide insulate bodies, protect plants from water loss, protect and cushion organs, insulate nerve tissue, build cell membranes and store energy for later use
Adipocytes are fat-storing cells – fat people don’t have adipocytes, just bigger ones
Triglycerides One glycerol + three
fatty acids Dehydration synthesis
occurs between each of the 3 hydroxyl functional groups in glycerol and the carboxyl group of the fatty acid
3 water molecules are the byproduct of this ester bond
Triglyceride Synthesis http://www.biotopics.co.uk/as/lipidcondensation.html
Saturated and Unsaturated Triglycerides
Saturated fats are triglycerides with no double bonded carbons
They are solid at room temperature, dominate animal fats and can be synthesized by your body
Unsaturated fats are triglycerides with one or more double bonded carbons
They are liquid at room temperature and dominate vegetable fat such as olive oil
Humans cannot synthesize unsaturated fats – they must come from your diet
Phospholipids A phospholipid has a
glycerol backbone, two fatty acids and a polar phosphate-choline group
Phospholipid Bilayer The polar / non-polar
qualities of phospholipids allow them to spontaneously form membranes in water
They are the principal component of all cell membranes and can be saturated or unsaturated
Steroids
Steroids 4 carbon based ring
structure Non polar Include cholesterol,
vitamin D, testosterone, progesterone, estrogen, cortisone, bile salts
Vitamin D is synthesized from the interaction of UV radiation on subcutaneous cholesterol
Steroids
Pigments, Terpenes and Waxes
These are large, diverse groups that include chlorophyll (a pigment), natural rubber (a terpene) and beeswax (a wax)
They are all non polar and extremely stable – providing structural support and protection
In the case of pigments, they absorb photons of light